中国人民银行 区块链,中国人民银行区块链研究中心

中国人民银行研究区块链技术，致力于推动区块链技术在金融领域的应用。为了更好地推进区块链技术的发展，中国人民银行成立了区块链研究中心，其中有三个关键词：区块链技术、金融科技和数字货币。

区块链技术是一种分布式的数据库技术，它使用密码学和数据结构来确保数据的安全性和一致性。它使用一种可信的共识机制来确保数据的准确性和安全性，并且使用智能合约来实现自动执行。区块链技术的优势在于它可以为参与者提供安全、可信、可靠的数据管理服务，从而促进金融交易的安全性和效率。

金融科技（FinTech）是指利用信息技术来改善金融服务的过程，以及开发新的金融服务的新技术。金融科技的主要目标是提高金融服务的效率、降低成本、改善金融服务的质量和安全性，以及增强客户体验。金融科技的应用涵盖了传统金融领域，如银行、保险、投资和财务服务，以及新兴的金融领域，如比特币、智能合约和虚拟货币。

数字货币是以数字形式存在的货币，它可以用于购买和出售商品和服务，也可以用于支付货币。数字货币基于区块链技术，它通过分布式数据库来存储和记录交易，并使用密码学来确保交易的安全性。数字货币不受任何中央机构的控制，它的交易也不受地域限制，因此它可以作为一种全球通用的货币。

中国人民银行通过建立区块链研究中心，研究并推动区块链技术、金融科技和数字货币在金融领域的应用，以改善金融服务的效率、降低成本、提高安全性和客户体验，促进金融交易的安全性和效率，实现金融服务的普惠化和全球化。

❶What does blockchain finance do?

Coin speculation and so on.

The current application of blockchain technology is virtual currency. Therefore, virtual currency is also known as the first birth product of blockchain in the true sense. The popularity of virtual currency is also obvious to all, and it has set off an investment frenzy in many countries. According to foreign media reports, the number of people holding virtual currency transactions in the United States has reached 5 million; South Korea is estimated to be the craziest nation in the world for speculating on coins, with 1 in every 50 people speculating on coins, and 31% of working-class people are doing so. Buy and sell virtual currencies; Venezuela even issued the world’s first nationally sovereign virtual currency, the Petro Coin.

With the popularity of virtual currency, market investors are no longer satisfied with the conventional trading method of buying low and selling high, but are actively seeking simpler and more convenient trading methods to obtain more profits. The trend of virtual currency The trading method was born from this, and successfully captured the hearts of investors in a short period of time, becoming a mainstream trading method.

According to

it is understood that the virtual currency trend trading method is exclusively launched by SPEEDXO, an internationally experienced financial service provider. Yes, it mainly trades currency pairs composed of virtual currency and real currency, and it can make profits as long as it is bullish or bearish. For example, if investors are trading "Bitcoin/USD", they only need to judge whether the price will rise or fall after 30 seconds, and follow the trend to buy whether the price rises or falls. If they buy in the right direction after 30 seconds, they can get 93% of the invested amount. Net income. It is precisely because of this advantage of making money in both ups and downs, taking a short time, and not needing to take orders, that the trend trading method quickly became popular in the entire currency circle.

❷ What exactly is blockchain

What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system [1].
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
Blockchain was born from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin. Since 2009, various Bitcoin-like digital currencies have appeared, all based on public blockchains.
The current situation of digital currencies is that a hundred flowers are blooming. Here are some common ones: bitcoin, litecoin, dogecoin, dashcoin. In addition to currency applications, there are also various derivative applications, such as Ethereum, Asch and other underlying application development platforms, as well as NXT , SIA, BitShares, MaidSafe, Ripple and other industry applications.
On January 20, 2016, the People’s Bank of China Digital Currency Seminar announced that it had achieved phased results in digital currency research. The meeting affirmed the value of digital currency in reducing the issuance of traditional currency and stated that the central bank is exploring the issuance of digital currency. The expression of the People’s Bank of China’s Digital Currency Seminar has greatly enhanced the confidence of the digital currency industry. This is the first time that the five central bank ministries and commissions have expressed a clear attitude towards digital currencies since they issued a notice on preventing Bitcoin risks on December 5, 2013. [4]
On December 20, 2016, the Digital Currency Alliance - China FinTech Digital Currency Alliance and FinTech Research Institute were officially established, with Huobi being one of the co-initiators. [5]
Some areas where blockchain can be used are:
▪ Smart contracts
▪ Securities trading
▪ E-commerce
▪ Internet of Things
▪ Social communication
▪ File storage
▪ Proof of existence
▪ Identity verification
▪ Equity crowdfunding
We can compare the development of blockchain to the development of the Internet itself , something called finance-internet will be formed on the Internet in the future, and this thing is based on blockchain, and its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance starts from private chains and industry chains (local area network), and the bitcoin series starts from public chains (Wide Area Network), they all express the same concept - digital assets (Digital Asset), and finally converge to an intermediate balance point.
The evolution of blockchain is:
▪ Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0 ——The implementation of distributed applications in various industries
Blockchain is divided into three categories, which is introduced in detail in the book "Blockchain: Defining the New Pattern of Future Finance and Economics" [2] issued by Currency, < br />Hybrid blockchains and private blockchains can be considered as broad private chains:
Public Blockchains (PublicBlockChains)
Public blockchains refer to: any individual or group in the world Transactions can be sent and effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world. .
United (Industry) Blockchain (ConsortiumBlockChains)
Industry Blockchain: Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (the pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), and other access Nodes can participate in transactions, but they are not involved in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting. How many nodes are pre-selected and how to decide the accountant of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain ), anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API.
Private Blockchain (privateBlockChains)
Private Blockchain: Only uses the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and has exclusive access to the writing of the blockchain. With access permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. (Dec2015) Conservative giants (traditional finance) all want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.

❸ Digital RMB salary payment! See how blockchain technology can "protect" your wallet

On September 10, Di Gang, deputy director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, spoke at the parallel forum "Area" of the 2021 China (Beijing) Digital Finance Forum "Blockchain Empowers the High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy" stated that the Central Bank's Digital Currency Research Institute is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain. Previously, Xiongan New Area applied the fund payment blockchain system to realize the salary payment of builders. This system not only saves salary transaction costs, but also makes transaction data open and transparent, ensuring the authenticity and security of transactions.

The principle of applying blockchain to digital renminbi

The capital payment blockchain system uses blockchain as the underlying system, uses digital renminbi to realize the value transfer of wages, and has blockchain Distributed storage, anonymous encryption, peer-to-peer transactions, instant settlement and other features.

1. Distributed ledger

A distributed ledger is a database distributed across multiple nodes. Each node stores the same copy of the ledger and shares ledger information. After the digital renminbi is added to the blockchain, it can not only confirm and register the digital currency, improve the security of data and systems, but also record ledger transaction information on different servers, creating a distributed and publicly viewable database for banks. network to ensure that transaction data is accurate and transparent.

2. Peer-to-peer transactions

The decentralized nature of the blockchain means that it is not controlled by the server. Each node is equal and jointly maintains the entire network of nodes. data information. In addition, each node follows the rules of the cryptographic algorithm and does not require endorsement by a third party or trust agency. Under this feature, digital RMB can be directly traded point-to-point, realizing the simultaneous transfer of transaction information and value.

3. Smart Contract

Simply put, smart contracts areUse algorithms to write contracts and deploy digital agreements on the blockchain that are automatically executed according to rules. When distributing digital RMB wages, the construction general contractor initiates payment settlement on the blockchain system and uploads the builder's wallet ID and salary amount to the chain. The system will ensure it in the form of smart contracts under open and transparent conditions. Transaction security; during the transaction, the transaction note will be broadcast throughout the network to ensure that the transaction information is difficult to tamper with; after the transaction, the smart contract will be executed and the digital renminbi will be automatically transferred from the construction party's wallet to the builder's wallet. In this process, the two parties directly transferred the value of digital renminbi, saving the cost of intermediate links and achieving point-to-point instant settlement.

Advantages of blockchain + digital renminbi

Compared with traditional electronic payments such as WeChat and Alipay, digital renminbi does not rely on banks. Users can obtain storage, payment, and Inquiry and other services. When transferring money, digital renminbi supports offline payment. Users only need to scan codes, remittances, touch and other interactive methods to realize the transfer of funds, avoiding delays in arrival due to network obstacles, and realizing "transaction and settlement". ". In addition, digital RMB wallets have lower requirements for users, and users do not need real-name authentication, which reduces the risk of information leakage from banks, third parties and other institutions. With the support of blockchain technology, the advantages of digital renminbi are gradually highlighted.

In addition to payroll, the application scenarios of blockchain have also expanded to cross-border payments, domestic letters of credit and other financial fields. In short, blockchain technology has built a trustworthy ecological environment for us, improved the transparency and authenticity of assets, and ensured the security of information data.

Expert: Zhou Kunpeng, Professor of School of Journalism and Communication, Zhengzhou University

❹ Application of Blockchain Technology in the Financial Field

Application of Blockchain Technology in the Financial Field There are many, here are just a few examples:
The People's Bank of China launched a trade finance blockchain platform: it widely connects information from taxation, customs, foreign exchange and other departments to effectively increase the credit of small and medium-sized enterprises in financing.
Guangdong has released the country’s first local financial off-site supervision blockchain system: effectively solving the pain points of information asymmetry and unreliability between financial institutions and regulators in traditional supervision methods.
State Grid’s supply chain financial data sharing platform based on data side chain: Provides conditional and trustworthy sharing services of supply chain financial data under privacy protection, helping small and medium-sized suppliers in the chain to revitalize accounts receivable and reduce financing costs. Increase the financial income of financial institutions.
In addition to these, there are other applications. Crypto Finance mimacaijing focuses on blockchain information.

❺ What is blockchain and what are its applications in life

Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. New application models of computer technology. (The consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system). blockBlockChain technology is a technology that uses a decentralized consensus mechanism to maintain a complete, distributed, and non-tamperable ledger database. It allows participants in the blockchain to establish trust relationships without Implement a unified ledger system. In layman's terms, the blockchain is a general ledger that contains all historical transactions, and each block contains several transaction records. If the blockchain is a ledger, then a block is one page of the ledger. Details of transactions are recorded on a public ledger that can be seen by anyone on the network.

A block is a collection of many transaction data, which is marked with a time stamp and a unique mark of the previous block. Valid blocks will be appended to the main blockchain after they are unanimously recognized by the entire network. Blockchain is a data structure in which blocks containing transaction information are linked in order from back to front. The most well-known application of blockchain technology in the virtual currency market is Bitcoin.

At 3:00 pm on September 4, 2017, the People's Bank of China and seven other departments jointly issued the "Announcement on Preventing Token Issuance Financing Risks", defining ICO as "an illegal public offering without approval" Financing behavior,” the regulatory authorities also stated that all types of token issuance and financing activities should be stopped immediately, and organizations and individuals that have completed token issuance and financing should make arrangements such as withdrawal. A deputy dean said, “It is normal for the rapid development of ICO to attract the attention of regulators. From the perspective of traditional law, ICO is suspected of crowdfunding and raising capital, and it is very risky to allow development without supervision. A large number of unpromising projects are even deceptive in themselves, which not only makes investors bear huge risks, but also makes real blockchain entrepreneurial teams complain a lot, which actually has the adverse consequences of bad coins driving out good coins. A large number of retail investors and even 'aunts' ''s admission is a bellwether - it's time for ICOs to require regulatory intervention. This rectification is mainly about risk warnings and protecting investors' interests."

ICOs issue not stocks but numbers Currency is generally called a token. Blockchain startups exchange digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum through crowdfunding to achieve the purpose of financing entrepreneurship. Blockchain investors and entrepreneurs are very optimistic about blockchain technology and believe that the strong supervision of government departments is a good thing for the blockchain industry. By governing ICOs and expelling bad digital currencies, the blockchain can develop smoothly. More robust. It is hoped that this supervision can truly crack down on MLM coins and air coins, identify and treat blockchain innovation projects that are truly serious entrepreneurship, and protect the interests of serious investors and entrepreneurs.

Blockchain technology can play its role in banking, mobile payments and other fields.

❻ What industry is blockchain?

It belongs to the information industry. Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger that records all transactions that have ever occurred and been unanimously approved by the system. A block is like a hard disk, which stores all the above information.Save it and then encrypt it through cryptography technology. The saved information cannot be tampered with.

It can be applied in different fields, as follows:

1. Financial field

Blockchain can be used in international exchange, letters of credit, and equity registration It has potential huge application value in financial fields such as stock exchanges and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields

Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered to be a promising application direction of blockchain.

(6) The People’s Bank of China’s blockchain is mainly responsible for storage. Extended reading

Characteristics and development plans of blockchain

1. Characteristics

1. The biggest characteristic of blockchain technology is that it creates an integrity system in a digital society. In this system, not only is data transmission convenient, but fraud also becomes difficult.

2. Another feature of blockchain technology is that it can realize timely sharing of data and cannot be tampered with. In the field of government services, the blockchain data sharing model can realize the joint maintenance and utilization of government data across departments and regions, promote collaborative business management, and facilitate the public's work.

2. Development Plan

Major countries around the world are accelerating the development of blockchain technology, and my country has a good foundation in the field of blockchain.

The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Informatization" issued by the State Council included blockchain technology, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Information Technology in China's Financial Industry" issued by the People's Bank of China, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology The "White Paper on China's Blockchain Technology and Application Development", which was spearheaded by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, clearly proposed to strengthen the basic research and development and cutting-edge layout of blockchain technology, and proposed a standardized roadmap for the development of my country's blockchain technology.

❼ Blockchain companies cooperate with central banks of many countries to develop CBDC. It is possible for central bank digital currencies to adopt blockchain.

As we all know, the legal digital renminbi uses a centralized ledger based on the UTXO model. The People's Bank of China is responsible for the unified maintenance and management, which is not consistent with blockchain technology, which uses decentralized distributed ledgers as one of its core mechanisms. The use of blockchain technology advantages by blockchain technology companies to participate in the central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a new breakthrough and new application of blockchain technology.

ConsenSys participates in CBDC research and development

It is reported that ConsenSys has published "Blockchain Solution for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)" on its official website. The article stated that digital currency can provide Cheaper cross-border remittances, improved inter-bank payment settlement and accelerated retail marketsInnovation etc. If central banks do not issue their own digital currencies, it will lead to markets relying on "private payment tokens", potentially creating a risk of failure and financial problems for private entities, as private tokens may not be available to everyone, Central bank digital currencies will bring risk-free, widely used alternatives.

Charles d'Haussy said that in 2016, ConsenSys began to work on CBDC through cooperation with the Singapore Monetary Authority and the South African Reserve Bank, and also gradually developed cross-border payment technology business. "Building on this, we are exploring a larger concept - 'programmable money', which any CBDC with a token architecture can support. CBDC is a perfect iteration of electronic cash that can improve the utilization of central bank funds. efficiency, ensuring a more efficient value chain.”

In addition, ConsenSys recently released a compliance service to help exchanges and decentralized finance (DeFi) projects identify possible issues related to Ethereum issuance. Token trading activity related to criminal activity. Lex Sokolin, co-head of global fintech at ConsenSys, said, “More and more people are building decentralized applications, which is part of the puzzle. What we are trying to do is make activities on decentralized financial infrastructure more Safe, transparent and easier to track."

With its strong blockchain technology background, ConsenSys has participated in the research and development of central bank digital currencies in countries such as Australia, France and Thailand, which may integrate blockchain technology with CBDC become possible.

The feasibility of using blockchain technology for CBDC

Regarding the question of whether blockchain featuring decentralized distributed ledgers can be combined with centralized central bank digital currency Yao Qian, director of the Science and Technology Supervision Bureau of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, pointed out that whether CBDC adopts blockchain technology is still controversial. A typical view is that the decentralization of blockchain conflicts with the centralized management of the central bank, and it is not recommended for CBDC to adopt it. The technology.

However, blockchain technology is developing at an unprecedented speed and is deeply integrated with various mainstream technologies. Therefore, no matter from a technical perspective or a business perspective, the blockchain in real applications is in line with the "original teachings". The understanding of "ism" is different. How to use blockchain technology to better serve distributed operations under centralized management may be the current direction that CBDC needs to focus on exploring.

Yao Qian believes that although the technical characteristic of blockchain is that it does not rely on central institutions, it does not mean that it cannot be incorporated into the system of existing central institutions. As long as it is properly designed, the central bank can just use it Blockchain effectively integrates distributed operations and better realizes centralized management and control of CBDC. There is no inevitable conflict between the two. As an emerging technology that may become the future financial infrastructure, blockchainFor the dual model of central banks and commercial banks, it helps achieve distributed operations without affecting centralized management. Bottom-up "exchange" can formulate a new CBDC implementation plan, which also achieves the goal of "centralized management and control, distributed operation".

A digital currency research project announced by the Reserve Bank of Australia is exploring the potential use and impact of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) using distributed ledger technology (DLT).

Under the project, Australia will develop a proof of concept for issuing a CBDC in the form of a token that market participants will be able to use for financing, settlement and repayment on an Ethereum-based DLT platform. Tokenized syndicated loans. The project is expected to be completed around the end of 2020, and various project participants plan to release a thematic report on the project and its key findings in the first half of 2021.

❽ What is blockchain

What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not appear in the word blockchain, but uses chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.

So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic. Many things We all have it at our fingertips, and with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that may seem cumbersome now, such as some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial management activities.

To put it simply, blockchain is a network that integrates people, property, machines, and goods, and packages it into a whole; it is a network that is run on an infrastructure.Network Computing Center.

❾ What is the main function of blockchain technology

Chongqing Jinwowo analysis: The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the blockchain and read from it, so it is a database.