弄懂区块链是什么意思,弄懂区块链是什么工作

弄懂区块链是什么意思，首先我们要了解什么是区块链。区块链是一种分布式数据库，它是一个不可篡改的数据库，它可以存储和传输数据，并且可以保证数据的安全性和完整性。它是一个去中心化的系统，没有任何中央机构控制，所有的交易都是通过网络上的节点进行的，这样就可以保证数据的安全性。

接下来，我们看看区块链的三个关键词：去中心化、安全性、数字货币。

去中心化：去中心化是区块链的一个核心概念，它是一种分布式数据库，没有任何中央机构控制，所有的交易都是通过网络上的节点进行的，这样就可以保证数据的安全性。去中心化的特点是，它不需要任何中央机构来管理，所有的交易都是在网络上进行的，这样可以更有效的保护数据的安全性。

安全性：区块链是一种特殊的数据库，它可以存储和传输数据，并且可以保证数据的安全性和完整性。它使用密码学的技术，可以保证数据的安全性，并且可以保护用户的隐私。它还可以防止数据被篡改，因为它是一个不可篡改的数据库。

数字货币：数字货币是通过区块链技术发行的一种虚拟货币，它可以用来进行交易，它可以被用来购买和出售货物或服务。数字货币的优点是，它是一种去中心化的系统，可以更有效地保护用户的隐私，还可以更快地完成交易，而且它的交易费用比传统的货币低得多。

总的来说，区块链是一种分布式数据库，它可以保护用户的隐私，保证数据的安全性和完整性，还可以用来发行数字货币，这些都是区块链的关键词。

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❶ What is blockchain? Easy-to-understand explanation and how to explain it

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. . Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be inextricable. Tamper-proof and unforgeable distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain classification

Public

Public Block Chains (Public Block Chains) refer to: any individual or Any group can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world. .

Consortium

Industry Block Chains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block is generated by all pre-selected nodes. Nodes jointly decide (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting, how many pre-selected nodes, how to decide each The bookkeeper of the block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.

Private

Private Block Chains: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and it can be used exclusively. The write permission of the blockchain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. (Dec2015) Conservative giants (traditional finance) all want to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.

❷ What exactly is blockchain

Let’s talk about some basic concepts first.

The network said that blockchain is a new usage model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. It is essentially a decentralized database, and as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography.

We try to translate "what is blockchain" into "human language".

The definition refers to the "decentralized database" nature of blockchain3354. This is different from the traditional "set"Chinese database" is very different in storage, update and operation.

A centralized database can be thought of as such:

For example, if I want to use Alipay to pay a Taobao seller, from the time I make money to the time he receives it All data requests for money will be centrally processed by Alipay. The advantage of this data structure is that as long as Alipay is responsible for the efficient and safe operation of the system, others can unconditionally trust it without worrying; the disadvantage is that if there is a problem with Alipay, such as being Hacking, the server is burned, a traitor appears, the company runs away (of course the possibility of the above is extremely low), the balance details and other information in our Alipay will be confused.

Then some people think that this small probability event can be avoided by any technical means A single risk is that the data is not just handed over to a centralized organization. For example, everyone can store and process the data.

The database structure may look like this:

This diagram is the structure of a "distributed database" Schematic diagram. Each point is a server. They all have equal rights to record and calculate data, and information is spread point-to-point. At first glance, it can indeed resist the risk caused by the crash of a certain node, but it is also very confusing and inefficient intuitively. I Who will process the information, and who has the final say on the result?

At this time, the "consensus mechanism" in the definition of blockchain comes into play. The consensus mechanism mainly "stipulates" the following things: when a data request is received, who to process (what qualifications are required); who will verify the results (to see if he has handled it well); how to prevent processors and inspectors from colluding with each other, etc.

When a "rule" is formulated, some people may like to be Questioning. In order to form a stronger consensus, in addition to making the rules more reasonable, it must also be more attractive so that people are interested and motivated to participate in data processing. This involves the incentive mechanism of the public chain. When We'll start again later when we discuss the classification of blockchains and the role of digital currencies.

When we hand over a transaction to a distributed network, there is also a "psychological threshold": the ability to process information There are so many nodes, and I don’t know any of them (unlike Alipay, if it hurts me, I can go to it and file a lawsuit). They all have my data, why should I trust them?

At this time, encryption Algorithm (the last descriptive word in the definition of blockchain) appears.

In the blockchain network, the data requests we send will be encrypted according to cryptographic principles into a string of characters that the recipient cannot understand at all. Behind this encryption method is the support of the hash algorithm.

The hash algorithm can quickly convert any type of data into a hash value. This change is one-way irreversible, deterministic, random, Collision-proof. Because of these characteristics, the person handling my data request can record the information for me, but they have no idea who I am or what I am doing.

So far, an introduction to how decentralized networks work . But we seem to have overlooked one detail. The previous diagram is a net. Where are the pulleys and chains? Why do we call it a blockchain?

To understand this matter, we need to clarify several knowledge points first :

The previous oneThe diagram is actually a "macro" database perspective, showing the basic rules and processes of the blockchain system for processing information. And specifically at the "micro" data log level, we will find that the ledger is packaged, compressed, stored in blocks, and strung together in chronological order to form a "chain structure", like this:

Figure Each ring in can be regarded as a building block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain. Blocks store data, unlike ordinary data storage: on a blockchain, the data in a later block contains the data in the previous block.

In order to academically explain the fields of each part of the data in the block, we tried to use a book metaphor to describe what a blockchain data structure is.

Usually, when we read a book, we read the first page, then the second and third pages. The spine is a physical existence that fixes the order of each page. Even if the book is scattered, the order of each numbered page can be determined.

Inside the blockchain, each block is labeled with a page number, the second page contains the first page's content, the third page's content contains the first and second page's content. The tenth page contains the previous Nine pages of content.

It is such a nested chain that can be traced back to the original data.

This brings up an important attribute of blockchain: traceability.

When the data in the blockchain needs to be updated, that is when new blocks are generated in sequence, the "consensus algorithm" comes into play again. This algorithm stipulates that a new block can only be formed if it is recognized by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network. To put it bluntly, it is a matter of voting, and it can be elected if more than half of the people agree. This makes the data on the blockchain difficult to tamper with. If I were to force a change, there would be too many people to bribe and the cost would be too high to be worth it.

This is what people often call the "non-tamperable" feature of blockchain.

Another reason why blockchain gives people a sense of trust is because of "smart contracts."

Smart contracts are commitment agreements defined and automatically executed by computer programs. It is a set of transaction rules executed by code, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn on this function, you don’t have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it is due.

When your friend borrows money from you but doesn't remember to pay it back, or makes excuses not to pay it back, smart contracts can prevent breach of contract. Once the terms in the contract are triggered, such as when it is time to repay the money, or there is a limit in his account, the code will automatically execute, and the money he owes you will be automatically transferred back whether he wants it or not.

Let’s briefly summarize. Blockchain technology is mainly decentralized, difficult to tamper with, and traceable, which represents more security and trustlessness. But it also brings new problems: redundancy and inefficiency, which requires many nodes to agree with the rules and actively participate.

This concludes the "drying" section. Next, let’s talk about unofficial history and the official history of blockchain.

A new technology is often used to serve a certain task.

Or goals. So where was blockchain first used, and who came up with it first?

Let’s go back to 2008.

On September 21, Wall Street investment banks collapsed one after anotherNext, the Federal Reserve announced that it would convert the only two remaining investment banks (Goldman Sachs Group and Morgan Stanley) into commercial banks; it hopes to survive the financial crisis by absorbing savings. On October 3, the Bush administration signed a $700 billion financial rescue package.

Twenty-eight days later, on November 1, 2008, a new post appeared in a cryptography mailing group: "I am developing a new electronic currency system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require a third party. Three-party trust institution." The text of the post is a paper titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", signed by Satoshi Nakamoto.

The paper explains the design of this peer-to-peer electronic cash system with a more rigorous logic. It first discusses the problem that financial institutions are subject to "trust based" (based on credit), and then explains step by step how to achieve "no third-party agency" , and cleverly solved the technical problems left by the predecessors.

Two months later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client and mined 50 Bitcoins for the first time. The block that generated the first batch of Bitcoins is called the "Genesis block". The genesis block was compiled into block 0 and was not uploaded to the chain. It took Satoshi Nakamoto 6 days to mine this block. This also sparked discussion in the bitcointalk forum. Bitcoin "believers" thought of the Bible, "God created the heavens and the earth in six days, and then rested on the seventh day."

Although concepts such as decentralized, token, and economy did not appear in the paper, Satoshi Nakamoto explained in detail the role of blocks and chains in the network. working principle. So, there is Block Chain.

This paper later became the "Bible" of the "Bit Cult", technology became the cornerstone of faith, and developer documentation became the "Code of Hammurabi".

After that, Bitcoin realized the first real-life payment by exchanging pizza, WikiLeaks, whose account was blocked by the US government, miraculously survived by relying on Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto's "decentralization" and retirement, and the appearance of the real and the fake A series of legends such as and refutation of rumors, combined with the expectations, imagination and speculation of later generations, became "Bible stories".

There are also people who are not satisfied with the world described in the "Old Testament" and start new sects, write the doctrines into white papers, and tell the story of their faith in the ten years after Bitcoin. Just like the writing of the 66 books of the Bible spanned 1,500 years, and after 2,000 years of interpretation, Christianity has divided into 33,000 branches.

CoinMarketCap shows that there are more than 4,900 types of digital currencies, and the overall digital currency market size is nearly 140 million yuan. Bitcoin still leads the entire digital currency market with a market share of 66%, and the recent price has been hovering around US$7,200 per coin.

So manyThe currencies have different functions and are divided into different categories: digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are positioned as "digital gold" and have certain value storage and hedging characteristics; digital currencies represented by Ethereum , has become the "operational fuel" in its network system; stablecoins represented by USDT and Libra have good payment properties due to their low volatility; central banks represented by DCEP issue digital currencies, replacing M0 to a certain extent. This allows commercial institutions and ordinary people to receive and make payments without delay when they are out of cash and disconnected from the Internet.

It can be seen that after 10 years of development of blockchain technology, the first and largest application is digital currency.

Digital currency has also become an attractive reward for participants to maintain the public chain.

So besides digital currency, where else can blockchain technology be used?

Let us recall what the essence of blockchain is—a decentralized database, and its corresponding characteristics: traceability, publicity, anonymity, and tamper-proofing. In theory, you can try to use blockchain to transform traditional scenarios that use centralized databases to see if they are suitable.

Next, let’s talk about several industries and scenarios where blockchain has been successfully implemented:

Blockchain can prove the existence of a certain file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, providing judicial authentication, Identity proof, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. provide perfect solutions

In the field of anti-counterfeiting traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.

Give two examples.

Blockchain can allow government data to be run, greatly streamlining service processes

The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts, and the workers only need to be in one department Through identity authentication and electronic signature, smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and all subsequent approvals and signatures can be completed in sequence.

Blockchain invoices are the earliest use of blockchain technology in China. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion.

Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.

Give two examples as well.

The eID network identity operation agency guided by the Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security is jointly developing a "digital identity chain" with Gongyilian, which will be issued to Chinese citizens based on the citizen's identity number as the root and cryptographic algorithm. Since it was put into operation, the eID digital identity system has served the full life cycle management of 100 million eIDs, effectively alleviating the problems of personal identity information being fraudulently used, abused and privacy leaked.

Odaily Planet Day5 identity chain projects registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China

Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes

In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and By synchronizing a "general ledger" in real time, payment, clearing, and settlement tasks that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows.

In terms of securities issuance transactions, the traditional stock issuance process is long, costly and complex. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish a fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channel. The issuer can handle the issuance on its own through smart contracts. , regulatory authorities conduct unified review and verification, and investors can also bypass intermediaries for direct operations.

In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.

Give me an example.

The China Enterprise Cloud Chain, jointly launched by ICBC, Postal Savings Bank of China, 11 central enterprises, etc., has covered 48,000 companies since its establishment in 2017, with the amount of rights confirmed on the chain reaching 100 billion yuan, and factoring financing of 57 billion yuan. , cumulative transactions reached 300 billion yuan. After receiving the loan application, financial institutions can verify the authenticity of the contract on the chain and whether the contract has been verified multiple times (multiple loans); the smart contract automatically clears and settles, reducing costs and increasing efficiency; at the same time, the accounts payable of core enterprises can have The corresponding vouchers will be split by the first-level suppliers and handed over to the second- and third-level suppliers in the chain to help them with financing; core enterprises can also use this to understand whether the entire chain is operating normally and avoid emergencies. Redemption pressure.

Blockchain technology will greatly optimize the existing use of big data and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing

The aforementioned areas are areas that we are relatively familiar with. As more new technologies develop, blockchain may be able to be combined with them and play a role in unexpected cross-fields and new scenarios that are currently unforeseen.

In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for the use of all data such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence.

Finally, blockchain can help protect data privacyData computing that realizes multi-party collaboration is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation.

In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and use needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain usage scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.

During this trial process from traditional technology to blockchain, we found that when certain scenarios have stronger demands for traceability, tamper-proofing, and decentralization, they also have problems with the weaknesses of blockchain (such as performance). , the requirements are not high, and this field is quite suitable for combining blockchain.

At the same time, in the process of blockchain evolution, it has also developed from a highly decentralized public chain accessible to everyone to a consortium chain with different permissions and maintained by multiple centers. Balances the advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Typical examples of alliance chains include: FISCO BCOS jointly developed by WeBank and the Golden Alliance Open Source Working Group, Fabric, a major contribution from IBM, and Ant Alliance Chain led by Ant Blockchain, etc.

These trustless systems represent more secure data authentication and storage mechanisms, where data is effectively authenticated and protected. Businesses or individuals can exchange or enter into contracts digitally, where these contracts are embedded in code and stored in transparent, shared databases where they cannot be deleted, tampered with, or revised.

It is boldly predicted that in the future, contracts, audits, tasks, and payments will all be digitized with unique and secure signatures. Digital signatures will be permanently identified, authenticated, legalized, and stored, and cannot be tampered with. There is no need for an intermediary to guarantee each of your transactions. You can conduct transactions without knowing the basic information of the other party. While improving information security, it effectively reduces transaction costs and improves transaction efficiency.

Generally speaking, there has been a lot of progress in the implementation of blockchain compared to two years ago.

Many improvements are at the bottom of the system, and users cannot directly see that blockchain is used, but they have actually benefited from it; some applications are still in pilot mode, and users have not yet been able to experience it. In the future, blockchain is expected to be used on a large scale and become one of the Internet infrastructure.

I hope that after reading this, you have a general understanding of what blockchain is and what blockchain can do.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable.A modified and unforgeable distributed ledger.

In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

Blockchain infrastructure:

Blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and usage layer.

❸ What does blockchain mean and how to understand it

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data generated using cryptography methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Notes

1. Blockchain originated from Bitcoin in November 2008 On March 1, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc. The architectural concept of the electronic cash system marked the birth of Bitcoin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group launched the On the 9th, a Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou. At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the application of blockchain services and social public industries will be discussed. Start a discussion.

❹ Briefly explain what blockchain is

Blockchain is a database storage system distributed around the world that can operate collaboratively.

Different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (centralized characteristics), blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate.

Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once added, the node enjoys the same All other nodes have exactly the same rights and obligations (decentralized and distributed characteristics). At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system., and finally all the nodes in the world will be synchronized one after another according to a certain mechanism, so that the data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent.

Extended information

Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a database ledger that records all transaction records. This technology has gradually attracted the attention of the banking and financial industries because of its safety and convenience.

On March 31, 2018, "Blockchain Technology Principles and Development Practice" was officially introduced into university lectures, and the first course was taught at the South Campus of Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

In April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of the world’s first blockchain university, Woolf University. On May 29, a new blockchain function was launched on the network to ensure that entry editing is fair and transparent.

❺ What exactly is blockchain

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Simply put, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. After reading this, you may still be confused. In fact, in vernacular terms, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database. The advantage of this distributed ledger is that buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary. Everyone has a backup, even if your copy is lost, it will not be affected.

So what is distribution and decentralization? Take marriage registration as an example. In the past, when two people got married, they had to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau to go through the formalities, and then enter the information into the computer to complete the legal process. What if we use blockchain technology? As long as two people agree to get married and post a message in their circle of friends, the marriage process is completed and there is no need to go to the Civil Affairs Bureau. Your friends are common witnesses. They may be scattered around the world, but their mobile phones will help you record the information and tell others who want to know the situation.

If you want to conceal your marriage information, you used to have to modify the records on the Civil Affairs Bureau's computer, but now you have to modify the records on the mobile phones of all insiders at the same time. The more people who know about it, the less likely it is to modify it. Therefore it is an impossible task. This is distribution and decentralization.

On the network, every once in a while, a block will be generated. This block is equivalent to a network record book, which is used to record relevant information that has occurred over a period of time. Waiting for this record book When the record is full, a new record book will be generated. Once the information is recorded, all participants will be notified and everyone's record book will be updated simultaneously.

These record books are eventually connected in series with each other. This is blockchain technology. Because of the use of cryptography technology, if someone wants to unilaterally tamper with the message, they canOnce the block chain algorithm protection mechanism is verified, if the time point does not match and the related information does not match, other people will not update their record books, and then this information will be invalid.

Therefore, compared with traditional information storage technology, blockchain technology is more secure, transparent, and information is irreversible.

Blockchain is not equal to Bitcoin, it is just an underlying technology invented to realize the digital currency of Bitcoin. Blockchain can be applied in a wider range. In addition to digital currency, it can also be applied in financial aspects such as P2P lending, global payment, micro-finance, electronic payment, and remittance. It can also be used in people's livelihood aspects such as intellectual property, elections, and notarization. The prospects for future development are huge.

❻ How to explain what blockchain is?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
[1]
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Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
Let’s talk about the social or economic significance of blockchain. Many technologies in the past were actually dedicated to "productivity", such as artificial intelligence, which is an advancement in productivity. The blockchain has greatly improved production relations and is dedicated to production relations. So why do you say that?
Because the so-called production relations are actually how business is done between people and business partners. And these things are originally in the process of people's mutual cognition, and no special procedures are used to program or quantify them.
For example, if you and I are good friends now, we can do business. If someone provokes our relationship and we are no longer good friends, we will not do business. Even if we can make money by doing business, we will not do it. , because everyone no longer has any trust in each other.
As for the blockchain, it is actually because the data has been certified by various nodes and backed up at the same time, so my data is as authentic as possible and cannot be tampered with. So in this case, you believe my data, On this basis, you can create a program, and then program the "production relations" of what kind of business contracts and business cooperation this data can be used for. In this way, everyone believes in the data and the program compiled by the algorithm. And because you believe in the data and the program, you can develop various APPs based on this program. These APPs are the relationship of production and what kind of business you are going to do. This is: Blockchain is actually an important tool for "production"A reconstruction of "relationship".

❼ How to explain what blockchain is

1. P2P is very popular now, and when it comes to P2P, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Regarding Bitcoin, it has an important concept, which is the blockchain.

2. What is the blockchain? The blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a It is composed of a string of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains the information of a Bitcoin network transaction, and these are used to verify the validity of its information and generate the next block. In a narrow sense, the area Block chain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a chronological order and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger. In a broad sense, blockchain is actually a distributed infrastructure and computing method, which is used to ensure the security of data transmission and access.

3. District The infrastructure of blockchain is composed of six infrastructures: data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer.

4. Purpose of blockchain Blockchain is mainly used to solve the trust and security issues of transactions.

❽ What is blockchain

[Definition]

Blockchain ( Blockchain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to exchange all information exchange data within a period of time in the system through cryptographic algorithms. Calculate and record into a data block (block), and generate the fingerprint of the data block for chain and verification of the next data block. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. And the implementation of blockchain There are many types of methods, and currently common ones include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.
< br />The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", written by a man who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto Individuals (or groups). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes in the ledger are recorded in a block. We can imagine this block as a page of paper. After confirming that the record is correct, the system will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then This piece of paper is sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This also means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, we will consider it as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained (Collectively maintained), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Due to the operation regulations of the entire systemIt must be open and transparent, so for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.

❾ What is blockchain in simple terms

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeability", "whole process traceability", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
On January 10, 2019, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations". Blockchain has entered the public eye and become the focus of society. From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many technological issues such as mathematics, cryptography, the Internet, and computer programming.
Extended information:
From an application perspective, in short, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which is decentralized, non-tampering, traceable, traceable, and collective. Maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for establishing trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the fact that blockchain can solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve cooperation, trust and coordinated action among multiple entities.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. Essentially, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks associated with cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next data block [8]. In fact, the word blockchain does not appear in the original English Bitcoin white paper, but blockchain. In the Chinese translation of the earliest Bitcoin white paper [9], blockchain was translated into blockchain language. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.