以太坊 区块链,以太坊区块链怎么挣钱

以太坊区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它可以用来记录交易和智能合约，为用户提供安全、可验证的记录，以及可靠的交易环境。以太坊区块链可以帮助用户获得收入，下面介绍三种挣钱方式：

挖矿是以太坊区块链最常见的赚钱方式，也是最受欢迎的。挖矿是一种利用计算机系统来求解数学问题，以获取奖励的过程。以太坊挖矿的机制是：每个矿工必须使用自己的计算机系统来求解复杂的数学问题，以获得以太坊的奖励，这就是挖矿的主要原理。

以太坊托管是一种投资方式，它可以帮助用户获得收益。托管是指将以太坊账户中的资金托管给专业的投资机构，以获得收益。托管的收益率取决于投资机构的收益率，有时会有一定的管理费用。

投资是一种可以获得收益的方式，可以通过投资以太坊的应用程序、代币或其他以太坊资产来获得收益。以太坊投资的收益率取决于投资的资产，有时会有一定的风险。因此，投资者应该仔细考虑投资的风险，并有足够的资金来承担投资的风险。

以太坊区块链提供了许多挣钱的机会，挖矿、托管和投资都是以太坊用户可以获得收益的方式。但是，用户应该谨慎投资，并了解投资的风险，以确保获得最大的收益。

① What is Ethereum? What is the relationship between Ethereum and blockchain?

Ethereum is also a product of blockchain 2.0. It is a complete solution for open smart contracts. . Bitcoin is the most important application of blockchain 1.0, completing currency and payment transactions very well. But when we need to record and transfer more complex asset types, we need a third step - a more powerful scripting system - to eventually achieve Turing completeness (the ability to run any currency, protocol and blockchain). Ethereum is a blockchain-based project that aims to provide a Turing-complete scripting language and Turing-complete platform.

Blockchain 1.0 mainly refers to Bitcoin, Blockchain 2.0 extends to all assets, and Blockchain 3.0 goes beyond currency, beyond the financial field, and even beyond the commercial field, extending to It penetrates into all aspects of our lives, including politics, social interaction, education, medical care, etc. According to the predictions and ideas of insiders, the Blockchain 3.0 era will be realized in the next five years. At that time, Blockchain will become as recognized and accepted by the public as the Internet, thus completely subverting our lives.

McKinsey & Company submitted a blockchain technology report to the U.S. Federal Insurance Advisory Committee. The report called the period from 2009 to 2016 the "Dark Age" and believed that all blockchain solutions during this period were Based on Bitcoin, the new era of blockchain will begin in 2016. By then, the application of blockchain will become unprecedentedly widespread. Applying an original sentence from the McKinsey report: Based on the current development speed of blockchain, we believe that blockchain solutions may realize their full potential in the next five years.

② Compound, the operating principle of blockchain banking

Compound is a currency market on Ethereum, an on-chain ledger that can be used by any user, institution and dApps. It provides the function of depositing and borrowing coins, just like a bank. Users can deposit coins and earn interest income, or borrow coins as collateral. In terms of implementation principles, Compound's ledger model is similar to that of a bank and follows international accounting standards.

To understand the implementation principle of Compound, please refer to the first part "Compound Decomposition". If you don't understand Compound at all, please refer to the second part "Compound White Paper Collection"; for other information, please refer to the third part "Reference"; Compound usage Tutorial Link Small Classroom | Use imToken to experience the decentralized "Yue Bao".

Compound is a real-time settlement ledger implemented using smart contracts. The premise that the ledger can be settled in real time is that transactions occur one by one, there is a definite execution sequence, and the time of transaction occurrence is true and reliable. Blockchain meets these characteristics and provides the basis for automatic settlement of ledgers.

On Compound, when a transaction occurs, the ledger will settle the account once, and the settlement interest will be updated to the account balance. When the next transaction event occurs, such settlement processing will be triggered again and the balance will be updated.

The simple model of a bank is to generate revenue through borrowing money, and the revenue is used as interest for deposit users. Simplifying Compound's interest rate model, which does not set floating borrowing interest rates, does not consider profits, and only ensures the balance of accounts and loans, is:

According to the formula:

Conclusion: The interest rate varies with changes with changes in total borrowings and total deposits.

If no transaction events occur, the total deposits and total borrowings will not change, and the interest rate will remain unchanged during this period. As transaction events occur, the total deposit/borrow amount will change, which will cause the interest rate to change.

Assume that the borrowing interest rate is 0.05. The circles in the state diagram below represent the status of the ledger and interest rate, and the arrows represent events:

In the diagram, state a has no borrowing and no revenue. The deposit interest rate is 0. Event 1. Borrowing 50 occurs. According to the formula, the new deposit interest rate is 0.025.

The ledger status caused by events 2 and 3 can also be calculated according to the formula.

Conclusion: Trading events cause interest rate changes.

The status changes in the previous section did not include the settlement process. Over time, revenue (interest) will be generated.

For deposits:

For loans:

Assuming that the borrowing rate is 5% as the daily interest rate (obviously usury, but easy to calculate), the superimposed time The state diagram for final settlement is as follows:

The yellow arrow represents the duration of the previous state. When an event occurs, the state is updated and enters the next time period.

It can be seen that after considering the relationship between revenue and time, the change in interest rate becomes more complicated, but the calculation process is still clear.

State a lasted for 1 day. Since the borrowing was 0 and the deposit interest rate was 0, the deposit did not change after event 1 was settled. Event 1 increased the total amount of borrowing. Recalculating the interest rate gives you a new deposit rate of 0.025.

Event 2 triggers, state b persists2 days, when settlement is carried out, the new total deposits and borrowings can be calculated:

After settlement, the total deposits are added to the 50 deposited in event 2, and the result is 105 + 50 = 155. The new deposit interest rate is calculated as 0.01774 based on total deposits of 155 and total borrowings of 55.

Event 3 is triggered, and state c lasts for 1 day:

Since the repayment is 20, the total amount borrowed at this time is 57.75 - 20 = 37.75. The deposit interest rate is recalculated to 0.012.

Conclusion: Settlement occurs when a transaction event occurs. After settlement, the balance is adjusted according to the event and causes interest rate changes.

The above process already has a certain complexity, but the process of state changes triggered by events is very clear. In actual production, the total amount of deposits and borrowings is not generated by a single account, but by countless small accounts. For example, Alice deposits 50, Bob deposits 30, and the total deposit is 80. More problems arise here, because Alice and Bob deposit at different times, their interest rates are also different. Borrowing is similar. Therefore, each account must be settled separately, and their interest rates change according to changes in the general ledger balance.

We classify the total deposit of 100 in state a as other deposits. After 2 days, Alice deposits 50 and after settlement the other deposits are updated to 105. Alice's deposit increases the total deposit, bringing the total to 155, and the final deposit interest rate is calculated to be 0.01774.

One day later, Bob also deposits 50, at which time Alice's deposit and other deposits are settled at an interest rate of 0.01774. The settlement result is shown in state c.

Through the above analysis, it can be found that each time an event occurs, each detailed account needs to be settled. In this way, as the number of deposit/borrow users increases, the number of accounts will increase, and the amount of calculation required for each settlement will also increase. However, careful observation can reveal that as long as the historical interest rate is recorded, all accounts do not need to be settled when the event occurs. We directly calculate the state c in the figure based on the initial state of each subsidiary ledger:

Among them, 100 is the initial amount of other deposits, and 50 is the initial amount of Alice's deposit. 0.025 is the first period interest rate and 0.01774 is the second period interest rate. It can be seen that as long as the historical interest rate is available, the current balance of each detailed account can be calculated through iterative operations. So the settlement operation is going onOnly the detailed account of the event operation needs to be settled, and other accounts can be temporarily exempted from settlement until they are operated.

Conclusion: Each settlement only needs to calculate the affected subsidiary accounts and update the general ledger. Other accounts can wait until they are manipulated.

The above model can be completely transplanted to the blockchain. When we initiate a transaction event on the smart contract, settlement processing will be triggered and the interest rate will be updated. These processes are fully automated.

The essence of Compound is to copy a set of traditional accounting models into the blockchain so that accounting ledgers can be settled in real time. Thanks to this, the legal documents and procedures that need to be signed for deposits/borrows are implicitly included in the smart contract. People no longer need to negotiate any more and can use the service with just a few taps. At the same time, it is deployed on a decentralized network and becomes a non-regional, free and open contract protocol. As long as the rules of the contract are followed, anyone and any institution can use this low-friction financial service without distinction.

However, it may not be necessary to use traditional accounting models to handle accounts on the blockchain. We have more feasible solutions and simpler mathematical models to implement financial services like Compound. There is no doubt that these "future" financial services will develop rapidly and build a new century.

Comply with international accounting standards:

Compound Whitepaper

Compound Protocol Specification

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③ What is the principle of eth mining

Anything involving coins must be inseparable from mining. In the Ethereum network, if you want to obtain Ethereum, you must also mine it. When it comes to mining, it must be inseparable from the consensus mechanism.
I wonder if you still remember what the consensus mechanism of Bitcoin is? Bitcoin's consensus mechanism is PoW (which is the abbreviation of English Proof of Work, meaning "proof of work mechanism"). To put it simply, the more you work, the more you gain. The higher the computational effort you put in, the more likely you are to be the first to find the correct hash value, and the more likely you are to be rewarded with Bitcoin.
However, Bitcoin's PoW has certain flaws, that is, its transaction processing speed is too slow, and miners need to constantly collide hash values ​​through calculations, which is wasteful and inefficient. Friends who are involved in blockchain knowledge should see this statement:
In order to make up for the shortcomings of Bitcoin, Ethereum proposed a new consensus mechanism called PoS (this is the English abbreviation, meaning "Proof of Stake", also translated as "Proof of Equity").
PoS, in simple terms, actually means the same as its literal meaning: equity, equity. The more coins you hold, it is equivalent to your equity. The more, the higher your equity.
Ethereum’s PoS means: the more coins you hold, the longer you hold the coins, the difficulty of your calculation will be reduced, and mining will be easier.
In the initial setting of Ethereum, Ethereum hopes to build a relatively stable system through phased upgrades, still using PoW in the early stage, and then gradually adopt PoW+PoS, and finally completely transition to PoS. So, The consensus mechanism of Ethereum is PoS, yes, but PoS is just a plan or goal when Ethereum was released. Currently, Ethereum has not transitioned to PoS. The consensus mechanism used by Ethereum is still PoW, which is the PoW of Bitcoin. , but it is slightly different from Bitcoin’s PoW.
The amount of information here is a bit large,
The first information point is: the consensus mechanism currently used by Ethereum is also PoW, but it is slightly different from Bitcoin’s PoW. Different. So, what is the difference from Bitcoin’s PoW: To put it simply, the difficulty of mining in Ethereum can be adjusted, but the difficulty of mining in Bitcoin cannot be adjusted. Just like our college entrance examination, because of the teaching situation and the number of students in each province They are all different, so the college entrance examination is divided into national papers and independent questions for each province.
Ethereum said that I am in favor of setting questions by region. Bitcoin said: No, the paper must be the same across the country, and the difficulty is the same for everyone!
The popular explanation is that Bitcoin uses computer computing power to do a large number of hash collisions and lists various possibilities to find a correct hash value. As for the Ethereum system, it has a special formula for calculating The difficulty of each block. If a block is verified faster than the previous block, the Ethereum protocol will increase the difficulty of the block. By adjusting the block difficulty, you can adjust the time required to verify the block.
The Ethereum protocol stipulates that the difficulty is dynamically adjusted so that the time interval for the entire network to create new blocks is 15 seconds, and the network takes 15 seconds to create the blockchain. In this way, because the time is too fast, the system synchronization The security is greatly improved, and it is difficult for malicious participants to mobilize 51% (that is, more than half) of the computing power to modify historical data in such a short period of time.
The second information point is: in the initial settings of Ethereum , hoping to finally realize the transition from PoW to
PoS through phased upgrades.
Dating back to 2014, at the beginning of the release of Ethereum, the team announced that the release of the project would be divided into four stages, namely Froniter (Frontier), Homestead (Homestead), Metropolis (Metropolis) and Serenity (Tranquility). The first three stages of the consensus mechanism adopt PoW (Proof of Work mechanism), and the fourth stage switches to PoS (Proof of Stake mechanism).
On July 30, 2015, the first phase of Ethereum, "Frontier", was officially released. This phase is only suitable for developers. Developers can write smart contracts and decentralized applications DAPP on the Ethereum network. , miners began to enter the Ethereum network to maintain network security and mine Ethereum coins. The cutting-edge version is similar to a beta version and proves whether the Ethereum network is reliable.
On March 14, 2016, Ethereum entered the second stage of "Home". In this stage, Ethereum provides a wallet function so that ordinary users can easily experience and use Ethereum. There are no obvious technical improvements in other aspects, but it just shows that the Ethereum network can already run smoothly.
In September 2017, Ethereum has entered the third stage "Metropolis". "Metropolis" consists of two upgrades, Byzantium and Constantinople. The goal of this stage is to introduce a hybrid chain model of PoW and PoS to prepare for the smooth transition from PoW to PoS. The most popular recent "Ethereum Constantinople Upgrade" upgrade is this. In the Constantinople upgrade, Ethereum will make some changes to the underlying protocols and algorithms to achieve PoW and
PoS lays a good foundation.
How much reward will you get for Ethereum mining? Miners who successfully win the block creation competition will receive the following income:
1. Static reward, 5 Ethereum;
2. The fuel cost spent in the block, that is, Gas, this part We talked about it in the last issue;
3. As a component of the block, it includes additional rewards for "uncle blocks". The uncle is the uncle's uncle. Each uncle block can get 1/32 of the mining reward. As a reward, that is 5 times 1/32, which equals 0.15625 Ethereum. Here we briefly explain the "uncle block". The concept of "uncle block" was proposed by Ethereum. Why is the concept of uncle block introduced? This also starts with Bitcoin. In the Bitcoin protocol, the longest chain is considered absolutely correct. If a block is not part of the longest chain, it is said to be an "orphan block". An orphan block is a block that is also valid, but may have been discovered later, or the network transfer was slower, and did not become part of the longest chain. In Bitcoin, orphan blocks are meaningless and will be discarded later, and the miners who discover this orphan block will not receive mining-related rewards.
However, Ethereum does not believe that orphan blocks are worthless, and the Ethereum system will also reward miners who discover orphan blocks. In Ethereum, orphan blocks are called "uncle blocks" and they can contribute to the security of the main chain. Ethereum's block production interval of more than ten seconds is too fast, which will reduce security. By encouraging the reference of uncle blocks, the reference to the main chain can obtain more security guarantees (because the orphan blocks themselves are also legal), and the uncle will be paid. Blocks can also motivate miners to actively mine and quote uncle blocks, so, Ethereum believes that it is valuable.

④ What is Ethereum? What is the relationship between Ethereum and the blockchain?

What is Ethereum:

Ethereum is a technology based on Bitcoin and concepts applied to computer innovations. Ethereum itself imitates many of Bitcoin's technologies to maintain the computer platform. Blockchain technology is one of them.
The Ethereum platform can safely run any program that users want.

The advantages of Ethereum over other competing currencies

Before the emergence of Ethereum, there were already some digital currencies that imitated Bitcoin. However, these projects themselves have certain shortcomings and can only support one or several specific applications at the same time. (A better digital currency trading platform is in "Bihui")

However, the reason why Ethereum can surpass the limitations of these previous projects is because of the core idea of ​​Ethereum.

What Ethereum wants to implement is a blockchain protocol with a built-in programming language. Since it supports programming languages, theoretically any blockchain application can be defined in this language and then serve as a An application that runs on the Ethereum blockchain protocol.

Ethereum is designed to be very flexible and adaptable.

Ethereum aims to combine the strengths of blockchain technology in order to add the advantages of blockchain, such as decentralization, openness and security, to almost all computing fields. .

Ethereum’s blockchain applications

Ethereum has many blockchain applications, such as gold and stock digital applications, financial derivatives applications, DNS and digital Certification and more.

Ethereum has been implemented by many startup companies in more than 100 blockchain applications.

Ethereum has also been closely followed by some financial institutions, banking consortiums (such as R3), and large companies like Samsung, Deloitte, RWE and IBM, which has also spawned a number of projects such as Simplification and automated financial transactions, merchant loyalty index tracking, gift cards designed to decentralize electronic transactions, and other blockchain applications.

The relationship between Ethereum and blockchain:

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain.

Ethereum does not give users a series of preset operations (such as Bitcoin transactions), but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes.

In this way, Ethereum can be used as a platform for many types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrency.

Like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. The Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by numerous nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs an Ethereum emulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes refer to Ethereum as the "world computer".

⑤ 002: Introduction to Ethereum|《ETH Principles and Smart Contract Development" Notes

Tai Zi Guizhong has developed a blockchain course: "ETH Principles and Smart Contract Development in a Simple Way", taught by teacher Ma Liang. This collection records my study notes.

The course has a total of 8 lessons. Among them, the first four lessons are about ETH principles, and the last four lessons are about smart contracts.
The first lesson is divided into four parts:

This article is the study notes of the first part: Introduction to Ethereum.

Ethereum is currently recognized as Blockchain 2.0. Compared with Blockchain 1.0 (Bitcoin), its biggest feature is the introduction of smart contracts, thus transforming from a single digital encryption Token technology. It is a platform for blockchain distributed applications. Ethereum itself does not contain any specific applications. It mainly provides basic platforms and tools so that developers can develop a variety of applications based on it. It can be said that Ethereum has huge potential, and it may eventually develop the highest form of distribution, automation, and self-organization.

First, we can learn the technology of Ethereum, understand the development context of blockchain technology, and improve ideas/paths, so as to keep up with the forefront of blockchain technology development and predict the next step. trend.
Second, the DAPP (distributed application) ecosystem is currently developing rapidly and vigorously. According to incomplete statistics, there are now hundreds of applications. It is obvious that the demand for developers is also rising, and the need Lots of developers. Currently, very famous applications include CryptoKitties, various side chain applications, ERC20 Tokens such as Binance Coin, Huobi, etc.

In 2013, founder Vitalik Buterin proposed to apply the concept of "smart contracts" to the blockchain field in response to some of the problems and limitations of Bitcoin, hoping to create a multi-party computing system based on blockchain. An intelligent universal platform, developed through Bitcoin financing.

In 2014, the Ethereum Foundation was established in Switzerland to manage and operate the entire project.

The top five mining pools account for 83% of the computing power, which is very concentrated.

There are currently about 16,000 full nodes, including 5,461 in the United States (34%), 1,839 in China (11.5%), 963 in Russia (6%), 920 in Germany (5.7%), and 875 in Canada (5.45 %). Full nodes have dynamic changes every day. The distribution also reflects the participation intensity of each country.

⑥ What is Ethereum? What is the relationship between Ethereum and blockchain?

Ethereum is a new and open blockchain platform that allows anyone to build and use it on the platform Decentralized applications run through blockchain technology. Just like Bitcoin, Ethereum is not controlled by anyone, is not owned by anyone - it is an open source project co-created by many people around the world.

Different from the Bitcoin protocol, the design of Ethereum is very flexible and adaptable. It is very easy to create new applications on the Ethereum platform, and anyone can safely use applications on the platform.

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain. Rather than giving users a series of preset operations (such as Bitcoin transactions), it allows users to create complex operations as they wish. In this way, it can serve as a platform for many types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrencies.

Ethereum in a narrow sense refers to a series of protocols that define a decentralized application platform. Its core is the Ethereum Virtual Machine ("EVM"), which can execute the coding of any complex algorithm. In computer science terms, Ethereum is “Turing complete.” Developers can use other friendly programming languages ​​​​modeled on existing languages ​​​​such as JavaScript and Python to create applications that run on the Ethereum simulator.

Like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. The Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by numerous nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs an Ethereum emulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes refer to Ethereum as the "world computer".

This massive parallel operation throughout the entire Ethereum network is not intended to make the operation more efficient. In effect, this process makes computing on Ethereum slower and more expensive than on a traditional “computer.” However, each Ethereum node runs the Ethereum Virtual Machine in order to maintain the consistency of the entire blockchain. Decentralized consensus makes Ethereum extremely fault-tolerant, guaranteeing zero downtime, and allowing data stored on the blockchain to remain immutable and censorship-resistant.

The Ethereum platform itself has no characteristics and no value. Similar to a programming language, it is up to entrepreneurs and developers to determine its use. But it’s clear that certain application types benefit from Ethereum’s capabilities more than others. Ethereum is particularly well-suited for applications that automate direct interactions between peers or facilitate group coordinated activities across the network.

For example, applications that coordinate peer-to-peer marketplaces or automate complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables individuals to exchange money without resorting to other intermediaries such as financial institutions, banks or governments. Ethereum’s impact may be even more profound.

Theoretically, any complex financial activity or transaction can be coded on Ethereum automatically and reliably. In addition to financial applications, any application scenarios with high requirements on trust, security and durability - such as asset registration, voting, management and the Internet of Things - will be affected by the Ethereum platform on a large scale.

⑦ What is the technical principle of blockchain

The key points involved in blockchain technology include: decentralization (Decentralized), Trustless, Collectivelymaintain, ReliableDatabase, Timestamp, AsymmetricCryptography, etc.

Blockchain technology redefines the way credit is generated in the network: In the system, participants do not need to know the background information of other people, nor do they need to rely on guarantees or guarantees from third-party institutions. Blockchain Technology ensures that the system records, transmits, and stores value transfer activities, and the final result must be credible.

(7) Extended reading on the principles of Ethereum blockchain

The source of the principles of blockchain technology can be summarized as a mathematical problem: the Byzantine Generals Problem . The Byzantine Generals Problem extends to Internet life, and its connotation can be summarized as: in the context of the Internet, when it is necessary to conduct value exchange activities with unfamiliar counterparties, how can people prevent themselves from being deceived by malicious saboteurs? Be confused and make wrong decisions.

The Byzantine Generals Problem is further extended to the technical field. Its connotation can be summarized as: in the absence of a trusted central node and a trusted channel, what should the various nodes distributed in the network do? Reach a consensus. Blockchain technology solves the long-known Byzantine Generals Problem by providing a way to create a consensus network without trusting individual nodes.

⑧ What is Ethereum and how to develop it

Ethereum is an implementation of a blockchain. In the Ethereum network, numerous nodes are connected to each other to form the Ethereum network: Ethereum node software provides two core functions: data storage and contract code execution. In each Ethereum full node, complete blockchain data is stored. Ethereum not only stores transaction data on the chain, but the compiled contract code is also stored on the chain. The Ethereum full node also provides a virtual machine to execute contract code. Ethereum Virtual Machine The Ethereum blockchain not only stores data and code, each node also contains a virtual machine (EVM: Ethereum Virtual Machine) to execute contract code - it sounds like a computer operating system. In fact, this is the core point that distinguishes Ethereum from Bitcoin: the existence of the virtual machine brings the blockchain into the 2.0 era and makes the blockchain a friendly platform for application developers for the first time. . The above content comes from: Ethereum DApp Development Introductory Tutorial