土地登记属于区块链嘛,土地登记属于区块链嘛为什么

近年来，区块链技术已经成为一种重要的技术，并在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用。土地登记也不例外，它也开始使用区块链技术进行登记。下面，我们将探讨区块链技术在土地登记中的应用，以及它带来的好处。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它由一系列不可篡改的数据块组成，这些数据块中包含了许多交易信息。由于区块链技术具有去中心化、不可篡改、安全可靠等特点，因此在土地登记中也有着重要的应用。

区块链技术可以有效地帮助土地登记部门管理土地信息，比如土地所有权、土地使用权、土地状况等。通过区块链技术，可以将所有的土地信息存储在一个分布式数据库中，从而使土地登记过程更加高效、安全、可靠。

区块链技术在土地登记中的应用，不仅可以提高登记效率，而且还可以带来许多其他好处。

首先，使用区块链技术可以有效地防止土地登记信息的篡改和伪造，从而保护土地所有者的权益。此外，区块链技术还可以有效地改善土地登记的安全性，从而减少登记过程中可能出现的安全风险。

此外，区块链技术还可以有效地解决土地登记过程中可能出现的数据冗余和冲突问题，从而提高土地登记的效率。最后，区块链技术还可以有效地改善土地登记的透明度，从而使土地登记更加公平、公正。

区块链技术在土地登记中的应用，可以有效地提高土地登记的效率，同时也可以提高土地登记的安全性和透明度。因此，越来越多的土地登记机构开始使用区块链技术，以提高土地登记的效率，保护土地所有者的权益，提高土地登记的安全性和透明度，实现更加高效、安全、可靠的土地登记。

㈠ Blockchain + Supply Chain Management_Blockchain Supply Chain Management Future Development Prospects of Agriculture

Blockchain:

Blockchain is New application models of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called

Consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

The blockchain is decentralized, trustless, and trustworthy. Features such as expansion, anonymization, security and reliability:

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in 2008 in Satoshi Nakamoto’s paper. Blockchain can be understood as a public accounting mechanism (technical solution). It is not a specific product. The basic idea is to ensure the authenticity and non-tamperability of information by establishing a set of public ledgers on the Internet, and all users in the network jointly record and verify accounts on the ledgers. The reason why the name is called "block" chain, as the name suggests, is because the structure of blockchain storage data is composed of "storage blocks" on the network to form a chain, and each block contains the information on the network within a certain period of time. All information exchange data. Over time, this chain grows.

Blockchain Characteristics

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, scalability, anonymity, safety and reliability:

Decentralization ization: Since the blockchain relies on each node to jointly maintain the system and ensure the authenticity of information transmission, it is based on distributed storage of data without centralized management by a center, so attacks and tampering on one node will not affect the entire Healthy operation of the network.

Trustlessness: The establishment of a connection between any two nodes does not require trust in each other's identities, and the exchange of data between the two parties does not require the basis of mutual trust. Since all nodes in the network can act as "supervisors", there is no need to worry about fraud.

Scalable: Blockchain is an underlying open source technology, on which various extensions, decentralization, and trustless applications can be realized.

Anonymization: Both parties to the data exchange can be anonymous, and nodes in the network can exchange data without knowing each other's identities and personal information.

Safe and reliable: Since the activities between any nodes are supervised by the entire network, and the database uses distributed storage, for hackers, firstly, they cannot disguise themselves and conduct fraudulent activities, and secondly, they cannot rely solely on Capture a node and take control of the network.

Supply chain management

refers to optimizing the operation of the supply chain so that the supply chain starts from procurement to satisfying the final customer

at the lowest cost Process, MBA, EMBA and other management education all include enterprise supply chain management.

Supply chain management is to coordinate internal and external resources of the enterprise to jointly meet consumer needs.The enterprises in each link of the chain are regarded as

a virtual enterprise alliance, and when any enterprise is regarded as a department in this virtual enterprise alliance, the internal management of the alliance is

supply chain management. However, the composition of the alliance is dynamic and changes at any time according to market needs.

Effective supply chain management can help achieve four goals: shorten cash turnover time; reduce the risks faced by the enterprise; achieve profitable growth

; and provide predictable income.

Seven principles of supply chain management: Divide customer groups according to the service characteristics required by customers; Design the company's logistics network based on customer needs and the company's profitability

; Listen to market demand information and design products that are closer to customers; time delay; strategic determination

Establish a win-win cooperation strategy with suppliers for supply and procurement; establish information systems in the entire supply chain; establish Performance assessment criteria for the entire supply chain

etc.

Although most people ignore the existence of the agricultural sector, this industry does provide basic needs for our society. For young people, exploring the world of agriculture is not attractive, mainly because of the lack of technical content in agricultural operation processes. In addition, agriculture is a relatively complex business field that requires more transparency and better industry standards.

Blockchain technology can change the status quo. Consumers around the world are increasingly interested in “clean” food, but manufacturers have no way of verifying the reliability of their products. Replacing current supply chain management systems with distributed ledgers could bring greater transparency and encourage consumers to consider their food and product purchases only after careful consideration.

From a technical perspective, smart supply chain management can be achieved through the use of blockchain in the agricultural field. But the entire agricultural management process needs a technical overhaul. At present, technical solutions in agriculture are either implemented by specific software or by service providers, but these two solutions are expensive and sometimes fail to achieve the expected results.

Recently, Emma Weston, CEO of AgriDigital (an agricultural supply chain management platform based on blockchain and smart contracts) detailed how blockchain technology can solve deficiencies in the agricultural field. The immutability of transactions and information in distributed ledgers is the key to solving all problems. Recording product information on the blockchain is the most correct choice, and farmers, retailers and consumers can all benefit from it.

Consumers are increasingly concerned about whether their food is ‘clean’ and organic, but producers and processors often fail to track and verify a range of accurate data from farm to fork. And blockchain can help a lot. Currently, processors do not have a simple, accurate and effective way to track slave labor, raw material contamination and commodity origin issues. At the same time, consumers are more willing to pay for organic food that lists the above details. so far, we know that the root of the problem is certification and regulation, which are expensive, difficult to enforce and confusing to consumers.

The biggest problem facing the agricultural field is arbitrary pricing and excessive transaction fees. Once the supplier cannot give a reasonable price, consumers will not be willing to accept the final result. The cost of supply chain management has greatly reduced farmers’ interests and created a lot of chaos in agricultural development.

The future development trend of blockchain technology in the agricultural field is still a mystery. However, there are many specific use cases, including land registration, big data monitoring, and even smart contract applications. In the next ten years, there will be countless use cases for blockchain in the agricultural field, with promising development prospects.

㈡ Popular explanation of what blockchain is

Question 1: What is blockchain? Can you explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in plain language: decentralization A distributed accounting system
The core of blockchain technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and databases. It makes transactions based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, so that any two parties who reach an agreement can directly Payment transactions are carried out without the involvement of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systems there is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now blockchainIn the system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to satisfy market participants. There is a demand for information, so intermediaries and centers are born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 2: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, the great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, its current application in the financial field can significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals to invest in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, and interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains. wait. On April 25, “Gege Points” introduced the point system to the blockchain concept, and multiple parties jointly developedRelease, issue and exchange points to promote the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology at the bottom of Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It has attracted more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 3: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction isData blockchain confirms that the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", a new form of distributed artificial intelligence, and will establish a new interface and shared interface for human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 4: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain refers to a technology that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. plan.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

Question 5: Explain in an easy-to-understand manner what blockchain is. Blockchain can be understood as a database system in a sense. The development of blockchain can be divided into 1.0 and 2.0
1.0 is represented by Bitcoin, and its main application is virtual currency or digital currency application. The blockchain at this time can only be used for simple digital currency transactions.
2.0 is represented by the now popular ethereum (Ethereum) and the upcoming hyperledger. The blockchain at this stage can not only meet the corresponding digital currency transactions, but also use smart contracts to customize currency or asset transactions. If we still use the database analogy, the emergence of smart contracts can be understood as allowing users to define functions in the database (function) or stored procedure (procere), and called and executed.
Different from traditional databases, the blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, incentive mechanism, p2p (network), hash and other specific elements, making it open, decentralized and non-tamperable. characteristic.

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can anyone explain it in simple terms? Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a ledger that records all transactions. It is decentralized. What is decentralization? For example, when you buy something on Taobao, you place an order and pay it to Alipay. Alipay will not transfer the money to the seller until you receive the goods. Alipay is the third party in that center. Without it, it means decentralization, just like buying things offline. If you pay with one hand and get the goods with the other hand, there is no third party.
The blockchain itself is a series of cryptographically related data blocks generated.
Look carefully to see if it looks like a ledger. The pieces one by one are blocks, and connected together they are the blockchain.
Many companies are developing this technology, including ours, and its prospects are incredible. For details, you can go to our official website and hope to adopt it, thank you

Question 7: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
The most important of these may be that the launch of Bitcoin based on blockchain technology has opened up a new relationship with traditional society ( It has little connection with offline) and is completely applied to Internet user identity verification and wealth confirmation in the online world (online).The exploration and attempt of new technologies and rule systems such as transaction records, notarization and verification, etc., provide people with optional paths and unlimited imagination to adapt to the development of the Internet society.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, more and more It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, for the identity verification of the parties, the natural choice is to use the information on the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and other biometrics to conduct online transactions. verification, but this method first enables cross-borderCitizen identity information in the interconnected online world is restricted by the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 8: Explain in an easy-to-understand manner what blockchain is. The English word is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on asset digitization and launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 9: What is the so-called "blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 10: What does blockchain mean? Regarding blockchain, I think you have already seen the concept on the Internet. Let me explain it based on my understanding!
First, let’s talk about its characteristics: 1. Openness and transparency 2. Decentralization 3. Anonymity 4. Information cannot be tampered with, eliminated 5. No trust cost
Blockchain is like a public ledger , everyone has the right to record and review, and everyone will jointly supervise to ensure its accuracy, and recordThe content will be saved permanently and can only be added but not deleted! However, as the number of blocks continues to increase, costs will increase and efficiency will decrease. (I’m not sure whether technology can be used to make up for this. I hope someone who understands technology can point it out.)
Blockchain is divided into public chain, private chain, and alliance chain. Public chain: accessible to everyone, everyone has read and write permissions, completely open, transparent and decentralized. Private chain: Open to individuals or institutions, in which the owner of the private chain can set various permissions to make it partially centralized. Alliance chain: Open to specific organizations or groups, it is also "partially decentralized". According to the ledger at the beginning, members can view and transact, but cannot record and confirm bills, or require permission from the alliance. (The latter two do not have cost and efficiency issues)
Regarding blockchain, countries have begun to recruit talents in this area. For this, you can search online for "Central Bank Recruiting Digital Currency R&D Personnel". In addition, you can increase your understanding of blockchain by understanding its existing applications. What we usually refer to generally refers to public chains. Currently, those used abroad include Bitcoin, Ethereum and other domestic blockchains. Chain
1. Open and transparent: Every piece of data is verified by everyone and can be viewed by everyone at any time.
2. Decentralization: For example, when we shop on Taobao, we conduct transactions through the intermediary Taobao, and blockchain allows both supply and demand parties to directly contact each other for direct transactions through blockchain technology.
3. Anonymity: No personal privacy information is required to complete transactions on the blockchain, only your unique alphanumeric signature is required.
4. Information cannot be tampered with or deleted: Once the data has been verified and recorded, no one has the authority to modify it, let alone delete it!
5. No trust cost: The trust crisis in reality will not appear in the blockchain. Transactions in the blockchain do not require you to trust the other party. Only when both of you have enough "digital assets" to trade can it be carried out, and Under the supervision of the entire network, transactions will not be broken. If you have no idea about the cost of trust, just think about how many intermediaries there are in your city, or just think about Jack Ma, and you will know how big the cost of trust is.
I am still learning more about blockchain. I am Li Ailin. If you have any questions, you can discuss and learn together!

iii What is blockchain technology, what are its benefits, and what is building digital trust

The recent surge in value of digital currencies since their first appearance in 2009 has triggered a surge in the security field discussion on the benefits of blockchain. Blockchain is a technology that can facilitate the type of trust that is sorely lacking in certain digital transactions.

Today, people are exchanging cryptocurrencies at an increasing rate. But what makes cryptocurrencies so trustworthy? The answer is simple: everyone has their own blockchain.

What is blockchain technology, what are its benefits, what isBuilding digital trust?

Shifting the Burden of Trust

When we deposit money somewhere, we trust that it will not modify our account. Likewise, when we make a retail transaction, we expect to get enough goods in exchange for the money we spend. By adopting blockchain, cryptocurrency providers have removed the burden of trust from third-party financial institutions

Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network database that breaks each transaction into its own blocks. In addition to cryptocurrency transactions, these blocks can also contain other sensitive assets such as identity information, patents, land titles, medical data, and more.

What is blockchain technology, what are its benefits, and what is building digital trust?

Once transactions are grouped into a block, a hash is assigned to the block so users can easily detect changes to the data. A block may contain a hash of the previous block, creating a block of blocks. This allows security professionals to trace the blockchain back to the first block or the genesis block when an attacker attempts to modify a transaction. Any changes will alter the hash of the block, requiring a potential threat actor to modify all blocks in the chain to complete the attack. For this reason, most cybercriminals believe that attacking blockchains and targets is unrealistic.

More benefits of blockchain

The blockchain is distributed among all participating nodes in the network, so anyone who joins the network can access the entire blockchain . Participants can collectively assess the effectiveness of the entire chain, meaning a potential attacker would need to control more than half of the participants to alter the final blockchain.

The mechanism of this consensus varies depending on the blockchain implementation. For example, one of the most hyped coins uses proof of work, which is a mathematical challenge that participants must solve in order to add a block to the chain. Other methods include proof of stake, proof of activity, and selective endorsement, each with its own advantages and limitations.

By examining the blockchain’s audit trail, participants can see a complete record of who owns a given asset, coin or token throughout its lifecycle. In other words, they can trace an asset’s origins and past transactions. Public key encryption further ensures non-repudiation and confidentiality.

No Limitations

Today, blockchain is often used as a currency ledger to facilitate smart contracts and identity management. In addition, there are projects building database networks that use distributed technology to serve supply chains, real estate, voting systems, and more.

After all, a technology actually guarantees trust between participants and provides visibility into sensitive transactions. As encryption becomes more popular and the need for verification increases, blockchain technology will also improve even more

㈣India uses blockchain to build smart cities

Recently, India has launched a smart city project. As one of Prime Minister Modi’s top plans, it will bring huge development potential to its technology market. Blockchain It's one of them. Although its large-scale projects have not been achieved since its release on June 25, 2015, and only 1.8% of the funds have been used so far, its city-building ideas of blockchain as the underlying technology are still full of potential. EtherFlyer will take you to discover The veil of blockchain smart city.

In order to create more livable cities, the smart city plan will be carried out in 100 cities. The aim is to implement innovative digital technologies in these cities and integrate them with the vision of "Digital India" to achieve digital empowerment of citizens. The project will integrate “digital” into all aspects of urban life: from infrastructure, healthcare, education, cleaning, sanitation, waste management and other services.

On May 17, India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation released an update on the smart city plan, saying that so far more than a thousand projects have been completed or are being implemented and tendered. EtherFlyer learned that the underlying technology of these projects is blockchain, whose role is to ensure the operation of smart cities. The emergence of blockchain will change the foundation of cities and even the "brains" of smart cities. This mechanism will integrate key factors such as adaptability, accountability, transparency, accuracy and operational efficiency into the entire city.

EtherFlyer Let’s give a brief introduction first. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can store information in multiple systems, enable peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange, and use verification processes to create trusted and secure Distributed storage is democratic and based on consensus. Safe and trustworthy here means: the blockchain network does not require any intermediate entity for any type of verification.

Most importantly, blockchains (public) use Proof of Work (PoW, Proof of Work) or Proof of Stake (PoS, Proof of Stake) to reach consensus once the information is recorded in a block Once it is on the blockchain (blockchain), the data cannot be deleted or manipulated. This brings transparency to the data, eliminating any form of tampering and manipulation.

From voting, security, land registration, logistics, healthcare, power distribution, banking, certificates, birth, death, education, housing and almost any field that requires registration governance, blockchain completely solves it Trust issues. While the Indian government has yet to exploit the full potential of blockchain in smart cities, it has established a series of blockchain-based Proofs of Concept (PoC) in the above areas.. Especially on the eve of the emergence of new technologies, EtherFlyer believes that this proof of concept is very important. For the large-scale application of blockchain technology, this plan in India is very instructive and worthy of attention. Therefore, EtherFlyer has outlined the framework of this project, hoping that everyone can have a more concrete understanding of blockchain "smart cities" and bring more inspiration.

A study by Australia’s Griffith University, “Using Blockchain Technology to Securing Smart Cities,” demonstrates a security framework and proposes how to integrate blockchain with smart devices to provide smart cities with Provide a secure communication platform. The main advantage of using a blockchain security framework is that this mechanism can protect against many threats. Additionally, it offers many unique features such as improved reliability, better fault tolerance, faster and more efficient operations, and scalability.

EtherFlyer believes that devices combined with blockchain technology will be integrated into a common platform in smart cities, and all devices can run securely in a distributed environment. "A system-level model should be designed in the future to investigate the interoperability and scalability of different platforms used in smart cities," the paper also states.

Under the current system in India, half of the data is hard drive copy, and half is system integration across departments and organizations. Data can be easily modified, controlled or deleted at any intermediate link, and users must rely on On "trust" in data operators, control systems and processors. For example, there have been numerous complaints about massive identity data leaks, but not once has the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) acknowledged the issue. The issue now is not just about data security, but about “trust” of the people in the organization.

To solve this problem, India took inspiration from Estonian management. Estonia has completed the construction of electronic data on residents, while India’s smart city citizen identity data will use a public blockchain model, which will eliminate the “trust” issue in organizations once and for all. In Estonia, even after acquiring a data node, citizens can learn who viewed their personal information, see a list of organizations that accessed the data, what data was accessed at the time, and what the data was used for.

Blockchain can enable similar systems to ensure transparency and security in India’s voting system. Complaints about manipulation of electronic voting machines (EVMs), records and data have increased with every election. Blockchain will be a reliable way to eliminate the "trust crisis" of machines. Blockchain cannot be manipulated at will like machines. The Indian smart city project will be applied to the world's largest voting system. This will be an example of large-scale application of blockchain, which can not only reduce the cost of elections, but also greatly improve the transparency and efficiency of the system.

In addition to banking, government and private medical institutions will promote electronic health records (EHR). Blockchain can change current medical data such as drugs, blood, organs, medical licenses and doctor records.The way in which data is recorded. EtherFlyer learned that about 70% of health plan and health system IT directors believe that blockchain will be of great help to the operability of medical insurance.

Similar to other records, educational certificates or records, birth/death certificates, land records, energy supplies, and communications, all other data can be put on the blockchain. EtherFlyer would like to explain here that the on-chain is not to run these huge data on the blockchain, but to use the blockchain as the underlying logic to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with and the records are transparent.

Blockchain can also be used for warehousing, refrigeration, transportation and other related agricultural data to increase transparency and reduce complexity and cost. Once data related to any subject is added to a public blockchain, it can replace existing "trustless" systems and the data can be obtained by anyone at any time, depending on the permissions granted. For vertical applications in agriculture, EtherFlyer has a detailed introduction in "Application of Blockchain in Agricultural Supply Chain".

NITI Aayog has been working on the concept of IndiaChain (a local blockchain project), which is described as a "shared, India-specific blockchain infrastructure", but since last year No further updates were provided and the smart city mission was not implemented as planned. Lack of execution (India is known for its administrative inefficiency) and obstruction by interest groups have both led to the slow advancement of blockchain smart cities. However, EtherFlyer believes that the framework of this project is still very far-sighted, showing the huge potential of blockchain applications and making smart cities truly "smart". What EtherFlyer understands as "smart" is not technological advancement or material abundance, but fairness, openness, transparency, and non-tamperability in the underlying logic, which is consistent with EtherFlyer's decentralized trading philosophy. Individuals form real social groups rather than power centers through blockchain. This is the "smart city" of the future.

㈤ What role can blockchain play in traditional enterprises

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. . Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.
The application fields of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. , which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.
Take agriculture as an example, what problems does blockchain solve in agriculture?
1. Traceability of agricultural products
The traceability of agricultural products has always been a pain point in agriculture. Blockchain technology can make records non-tamperable, so there is detailed data from the production end of agricultural products to the circulation end and consumers, which can realize consumers' clear consumption and increase consumers' willingness to buy.
Tracing agricultural products can improve agricultural products’Product safety and food safety.
2. Information transparency
In addition to traceability in the agricultural field, there is also the problem of opacity in the information between producers and demanders.
Once blockchain technology is applied to agriculture. We can use big data analysis to establish credit rating references for growers and purchasers; use smart contracts to ensure fair transactions between growers and purchasers. At the same time, blockchain technology can improve the contractual spirit between buyers and sellers of agricultural products.
Also, with the advent of blockchain in the food supply chain, this could streamline the process as the data management system integrates a range of brokers, farmers, processors, distributors, regulators, retailers and Data management systems are becoming more transparent for consumers to put on their radar.
3. Reduce costs
After the application of blockchain technology, the costs of production and circulation will be greatly reduced. For example, blockchain technology solves the functions of automatic information storage and database, thus reducing manual investment and investment in other facilities.
In addition, blockchain and applications realize the interconnection of everything, helping manufacturers and distributors reduce various expenses. At the same time, reductions in production and distribution costs will also reduce the prices of agricultural products, ultimately benefiting consumers.
Of course, in addition to the above three reasons, blockchain technology can also be applied in agricultural subsidies, land registration, etc. to solve problems such as corruption and rights and interests.
Therefore, the application of blockchain technology in the agricultural field has been recognized by people at all levels.
The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can achieve decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration, thus providing solutions to the problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage common in centralized institutions.
Future development and application scenarios of blockchain
1. Digital identity
When many people apply for various certificates, they will encounter "prove that my grandma is an adult", "my mother is my mother" "The dilemma, with blockchain, you no longer have to worry about it. It turns out that our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. need a central node for everyone to recognize them. Once cross-border, contracts and certificates may become invalid because of the lack of a global central node.
The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. Of course, It can easily prove "prove that my grandma is an adult" and "my mother is my mother".
2. Health care
To put it simply, it is to use blockchain to establish a universal record repository with timestamps, so that different databases can extract data information.
3. Travel consumption
When traveling, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other places to stay.He serves, and each platform gets commissions from it. The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure and decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.
4. More convenient transactions
Blockchain can make payments and transactions more efficient and convenient. The blockchain platform allows users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met, meaning that automatic payments can be released when both parties to a transaction agree that their conditions are met.
5. Strictly control product quality
If you buy an apple, with blockchain technology, you can know the entire process from the production of the fruit farmer to the circulation link. Among them are government regulatory information, professional testing data, enterprise quality inspection data, etc. A smart supply chain will make the food we eat and the products we use every day safer and give us more peace of mind.
6. The Art of Property Rights Protection
The creator puts his work on the blockchain, and once someone uses his work, he can know it immediately. Corresponding royalties will also be automatically paid to the creator. Blockchain technology not only protects copyright, but also helps creators sell their works to consumers better and more directly, without requiring the assistance of distribution companies.

㈥ What exactly is blockchain? Which blockchains have physical applications

What is blockchain?

Official definition: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission consensus mechanism encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

Vernacular understanding: A block is to package all the data generated within a time period in chronological order. Generally, the length of a block is 10 minutes, which means that within 10 minutes, all the data on the Internet will The data is packed into a complete package, and this complete data package is called a block. The blockchain links these data packages in order to form a structure, and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged to form a distribution. ledger, this is the blockchain.

It seems that everyone has a preliminary knowledge and understanding of the blockchain. So whether the blockchain has any practical application in daily life, the answer is yes, the current practical application There are mainly the following aspects. Of course, I may not know some of them. Friends are welcome to leave messages to add.

Financial Industry

Blockchain should be used the most in the financial industry.

For example, in May 2017, OMG (Omise Coin) announced that it would cooperate with Alipay to launch an electronic wallet, integrating the "Alipay" payment solution into its own payment service suite to help local electronics in Thailand. Business merchants accept online payment transactions from Chinese tourists.

Another example is PPT, which is a financial transaction system for bills based on blockchain.

Gaming

Gaming industryI entered blockchain probably last year. Why does gambling favor blockchain? Because blockchain provides a relatively fair betting system. Why is it relatively fair? As you can see from the previous introduction, blockchain cannot be tampered with. Forged.

For example, WICC (WikiChain) can realize rich application scenarios such as asset issuance, betting applications, copyright traceability, mutual insurance, decentralized exchanges, and cross-border settlement.

For example, the STX (King of Fighters Token) stox application is designed to provide the full functionality of a prediction market application without the need for any central server. Prediction markets require functions such as event planning, market production, providing information and analysis to traders, reporting event results, and of course collection and payment.

I believe that if the current lottery industry is built on the blockchain, people will become more and more enthusiastic about buying, because there are too many insider tips that make people give up.

Internet of Things

The Internet of Things still has many applications on the blockchain, because the traceability and immediacy of blocks are very suitable for this industry.

For example, DATA is the concept of the Internet of Things. It is a decentralized p2p network. Data sources can connect to any node in the entire network, then publish data, and the network will immediately send it to subscribers. Horizontal scalability is achieved through sharding pattern. This timeliness and accuracy are very important in IoT applications.

Game industry

For example, GTC (G coin) is a decentralized digital asset based on Ethereum erc20 issued by Game Global. G coin is committed to becoming a universal number in the global game industry. Monetary standards.

For example, MANA is a distributed shared virtual platform. On this platform, users can browse and discover content and interact with other people and entities. Users can also claim ownership of virtual territories through a blockchain-based land ledger. The territory is demarcated by rectangular coordinates (x, y), and its owner can decide the content published on the territory, including static 3D scenes to interactive systems such as games.

There are many other industries. The emperor did not list them one by one, but listed a few representative ones. What is the purpose? It shows that the blockchain is definitely not just a currency transaction, it is a real implementation project, and it is a product of the changes of the times with real practical uses.

The development of human society is actually like the blockchain, it is irreversible and unstoppable. As far as I feel, the blockchain will enter thousands of households sooner or later. Regardless of whether it is bull or bear, hold it in your hands. Value coins and Flush have started quoting digital currencies, which shows that society is accepting it step by step. The power of social development cannot be blocked by any country or person.

㈦ Briefly talk about what "blockchain" technology is

Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes, which stores The data cannot be forged or tampered with, it is open and transparent, and every account can be found on the blockchain.Information recorded at any point in history and its value. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the operation of smart contracts. The contracts can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for review by any centralized organization.
Blockchain is composed of a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block, starting from the genesis block and linking to the current block to form a block. chain. Each block is guaranteed to be generated after the previous block in chronological order, otherwise the hash value of the previous block is unknown. The generation of each block is supervised by the entire network. Each node has a complete copy of the data, forming a huge blockchain network between nodes.
Currently, blockchain technology can be applied to many industries, such as:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, limited editions. Works can be for any type of artwork in digital form. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Insurance Industry
Tongxin Huzhu is the first project launched by the blockchain startup Abbots Financial Technology Company. As the first real blockchain application in China, Tongxin Huzhu combines open source code and The combination of practical applications achieves a deep match between blockchain technology and network mutual assistance. Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people.

Real estate industry
They plan to modernize the entire industry chain process and solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.

㈧ If you know what blockchain does, tell me what it does

Hello, I am very honored to answer your question here. The following are some of my opinions on this issue. If there are any mistakes, please point them out. Expand all
1. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a de-intermediated database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. , each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block..
2. Application
1. Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, limited edition works for any type of artwork. Numerical form. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
2. Legal industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property. Interestingly, BitProof recently collaborated with a San Francisco IT school to put all their students’ academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how diplomas and student certificates are processed and used.
3. Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. Their ability to "tokenize" various assets has impressed many people. While the free Bitcoin wallet Counerparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, Colu's tokens can be configured in various states and types, be able to leave and return to the system, and When storing data on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network.
4. Real estate industry
They plan to modernize the entire industry chain process and solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc. Thank you very much for watching patiently. If it helps, please adopt it. I wish you a happy life! Thanks!

㈨ How blockchain technology can make real estate taxation more accurate and convenient

First of all, let’s understand what blockchain is. Blockchain is a type of technology that is jointly maintained by multiple parties. The use of cryptography to ensure transmission and security can achieve accounting technology that can store data consistently, make it difficult to tamper with, and prevent repudiation. A typical blockchain stores data in a block-chain structure. As a new computing paradigm and collaboration model that establishes trust at low cost in an untrustworthy competitive environment, blockchain is changing the application scenarios and operating rules of many industries with its trust-building mechanism. It is an important factor for the future development of the digital economy and the construction of new One of the indispensable technologies for the trust system.

Although various blockchains have different specific implementations, they have commonalities in functional architecture. The functional architecture of blockchain is divided into infrastructure, basic components, ledgers, consensus, and smart contracts. , interface, application, operation and maintenance, system management and other modules, these functional architectures also describe the blockchain.

Next let’s talk about the role of blockchain, that is, its applications.

Blockchain originated from encrypted digital currency and is extending to many fields. Since 2019, the pace of blockchain application in various fields has been accelerating, and it is being explored in multiple vertical industries such as trade finance, supply chain, social public services, elections, judicial certificates, taxation, logistics, medical health, agriculture, energy, etc. application. As of August 2019, the number of blockchain projects promoted by governments at all levels around the world reached 154, mainly involving the financial industry, government archives, digital asset management, voting, government procurement, land certification, real estate registration, medical health and other fields.

On June 18, 2019, Facebook took the lead in releasing the white paper of the global digital cryptocurrency project "Libra". "Libra" will serve as a simple, borderless currency and service for billions of people. Financial infrastructure provides borderless, low-cost, and inclusive financial services to billions of people. "Libra" has attracted attention and discussion from all walks of life around the world as soon as it was announced. Regulatory authorities in various countries have successively spoken out, showing the huge potential of blockchain technology in reshaping the global financial infrastructure