央行有关区块链政策文件,央行区块链政策
数字货币：数字货币是指由央行发行的货币，它是以数字形式存在的，可以通过网络进行交易。它不仅可以用于支付，还可以用于储蓄、投资和支付等活动，是一种新型的货币形式。数字货币的发行是由央行完成的，央行可以控制货币的流通量，以及货币的流动性，从而调节经济的增长和稳定。
区块链技术：区块链技术是一种分布式账本技术，它可以用于存储和记录数据，具有高度安全性、可验证性和不可篡改性。区块链技术的主要特点是去中心化，它可以跨越传统信息技术的限制，使用户可以以安全、可靠的方式共享信息。区块链技术的应用范围很广，可以用于金融、政务、物流等领域，为经济发展带来更多机遇和潜力。
智能合约：智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行合同，它可以让双方在可信的环境中安全地完成交易。智能合约能够让双方自动执行合同条款，而无需人工干预，从而降低交易成本，提高交易效率。智能合约还可以用于智能资产管理，例如智能股票、智能债券等，可以实现自动化的资产管理，提高资产管理的效率。
央行最近发布了一系列有关区块链政策文件，这些文件的发布表明，央行正在加强对区块链技术的研究和实践，以推动经济发展和金融创新。在这些政策文件中，央行提出了三个关键词：数字货币、区块链技术和智能合约，它们将成为央行推动金融创新发展的重要力量。请查看相关英文文档
『一』Does the country support blockchain?
As a new technology, blockchain is a new technology. Countries around the world have corresponding policies to support its development, with a wide range of radiation—— Judging from this year, more than half of the provinces and cities across the country have included blockchain in the 2020 government work report. In addition to first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, central and western cities such as Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang have also joined the blockchain technology research and application camp. Developed cities in the east continue to play a leading role in technological research and application innovation; cities in the central and western regions adapt to local conditions and combine new technologies to accelerate digital economic transformation. Strong support - this year the Central Bank, the Ministry of Transport, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, etc., have respectively proposed the use of blockchain technology to accelerate the development of applications in various fields. Many other provinces and cities have also continued to introduce new policies, most of which are special support policies for blockchain. It is expected to build more industrial parks and open up more government application scenarios. The direction is clearer - there are clearer details under the general direction of blockchain assisting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and empowering the digital economy. Application scenarios such as transportation, agriculture, intellectual property, and certificate storage have become the first batch of experimental directions. In terms of government affairs, it is an important breakthrough and has been implemented. Beijing City’s “innocent approval”, Jiangxi Province explores “blockchain + undocumented handling”, Fujian Province implements the “on-chain government affairs” project, and Gansu Province accelerates the construction of “Digital Gansu”. ”, Shandong and Hainan are all committed to e-government and other fields. It is foreseeable that the future blockchain e-government scenario is worth looking forward to. Legal basis: Article 3 of the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" The National Internet Information Office is responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of nationwide blockchain information services in accordance with its duties. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services within their respective administrative regions according to their responsibilities. Article 4 encourages blockchain industry organizations to strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry self-discipline systems and industry standards, guide blockchain information service providers to establish and improve service specifications, promote the construction of industry credit evaluation systems, and supervise blockchain information service providers Provide services in accordance with the law, accept social supervision, improve the professional quality of blockchain information service practitioners, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Article 5 Blockchain information service providers shall implement information content security management responsibilities and establish and improve management systems for user registration, information review, emergency response, and security protection. Article 6 Blockchain information service providers shall have technical conditions suitable for their services. For information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, they shall have immediate and emergency response capabilities and technical solutions for the release, recording, storage, and dissemination of information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. It should comply with relevant national standards and specifications. Article 7 Blockchain information service providers should formulate and disclose management rules and platform conventions, sign service agreements with blockchain information service users, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and require them to promise to abide by legal regulations and platform conventions.
『二』What are the applications of blockchain in other industries?
1. Monetary and fiscal policies. Central banks of many countries, including China, are paying attention to blockchain.Technology can record currency in every transaction and know who and which industries are transferring currency. The central bank can use blockchain technology and big data analysis to implement precise fiscal and monetary policies. In the past, after the central bank issued currency, it could only be judged based on the market's reaction, past experience and macro data, and monetary and fiscal policies tended to lag behind. At the same time, blockchain can prevent money laundering, which is more efficient and scientific than the demonetization order of the Modi government in India.
2. For the clearing and settlement of financial transactions, banks essentially serve as safe warehouses and transmission hubs for funds, and blockchain has basically similar functions as a digital, secure and tamper-proof ledger. . This means that the disruptive wave of blockchain-based fraud may have a profound impact on banks in the future. In fact, UBS and the British bank Barclays have already begun experiments using blockchain technology to speed up back-end settlement functions. Some banks even say that blockchain can reduce middleman costs by at least $20 billion.
3. E-commerce payments and transfers. In a recent report, the World Economic Forum believed that decentralized payment technology may change the money transfer business that has remained unchanged for more than 100 years. system organization. Blockchain has the ability to bypass these clunky systems and create a more straightforward payment process. This will cross borders, have no intermediaries, cost very little, and most importantly, transfers can be completed almost instantaneously.
『三』 There is no necessary connection between the concept of blockchain and central bank digital currency
< p> Inner Eye
Policy
Plans to end the dollar’s dominance through digital currencies make no sense
Bank of England Governor Carney urges Libra type of reserve currency to end the dominance of the U.S. dollar and call for the establishment of a multipolar reserve currency system. In this regard, former U.S. Federal Reserve official Simon Potter said that the plan to end the dominance of the U.S. dollar by replacing the U.S. dollar with a digital currency makes no sense, and Carney failed to consider how the status of the U.S. dollar could benefit other countries. He added: “When you have large and liquid capital markets in the U.S., I don’t see any reason to complicate things because there is no one currency that can basically price things and have deep markets, which would Making people’s lives more difficult.”
Shandong Port Group’s Rizhao Port electronic warehouse receipt business was launched for the first time, using concepts such as the Internet of Things and blockchain
According to Rizhao Daily, 9 On March 20, Shandong Port Group Rizhao Port Commodity Trading Center launched its first electronic warehouse receipt pledge financing business in the free trade zone. It is understood that the electronic warehouse receipt is the port of Shandong Port Group Rizhao Port Dashang Center.and the advanced information management level of the free trade zone bonded warehouse, using concepts such as the Internet of Things and blockchain to create a digital online electronic voucher. Customers pledge electronic warehouse receipts to banks to obtain financing, which can quickly realize the realization of goods landing at the port and "make money upon landing".
Industry
There is no necessary connection between the blockchain concept and the central bank’s digital currency
Guosheng Securities pointed out that the market has previously confused the blockchain concept with the central bank’s digital currency. Currency is confused, but there is no necessary connection between the two. Blockchain exists more as a technology. Although products such as Bitcoin have certain financial asset attributes, they are not currencies at all. In the future, blockchain applications will be more in the fields of traceability and transactions. The central bank's digital currency is more of a supplement to the existing currency issuance system and the layout of monetary infrastructure in the future digital economy. The technology it uses will be more mature, and blockchain is only an alternative.
In the environment of central bank endorsement and global competition, the theme of digital currency has a higher positioning and a newer theme
To build a multi-level financial service system, we must promote finance, big data, and blockchain In-depth integration of blockchain and other industries
On September 26, Yanzhao Evening News published an article "The Unshirkable Responsibility of Supporting Private Enterprises in Financial Development". The article pointed out that in order to completely solve the financing difficulties and expensive financing of private enterprises, while implementing and executing policies at all levels based on the current situation, we should also take a long-term view to deepen financial reforms and resolve the financing difficulties of private enterprises. It is necessary to build a multi-level financial service system, continuously increase the proportion of direct financing, relax financial market access, develop diversified financial formats, promote the deep integration of finance with big data, blockchain, etc., and reduce the financing costs of private enterprises.
Quotes
Currency Market Quotes
Bitcoin (BTC) Quotes on September 25, 2019
(Huobi Pro, USD Pricing)
Increase: -0.80%
Opening: 8499.81
Highest: 8727.80
Lowest: 8217.00
Closing: 8431.42
Amplitude: 6.01%
Trading volume: 53,300
Ethereum (ETH) market on September 25, 2019
(Huobi Pro, priced in US dollars)
Increase: +2.55%
Opening: 165.7900
Highest: 174.8300
Lowest: 162.0000
Closing: 170.0100
Amplitude: 7.74%
Trading volume: 841,300
Characters
Damo Academy Blockchain Laboratory has applied for more than 500 patents
Damo Academy Blockchain Laboratory has applied for With more than 500 patents, the Quantum Laboratory of DAMO Academy has completed the research and development of the first controllable qubit. Qubits are the basic storage units of quantum computing. The final realization of quantum computing requires the high-precision control of multiple qubits.
The launch of legal digital currency requires the construction of an overall support system
You cannot innovate for the sake of innovation. The launch of legal digital currency requires the construction of an overall support system. It is necessary to carefully calculate the cost for people to go to Chen Yingxin. In the electronic age, personal privacy and data security are top priorities. Last year's implementation of the EU's GDPR, as well as the huge fines imposed by EU and US regulators on Internet giants such as Google and Facebook, further highlighted the importance that European and American regulators attach to personal privacy and data security in the Internet age. Therefore, when the People's Bank of China pilots digital legal currency, consumer rights protection, especially data security and privacy protection, should also be benchmarked against the highest standards in the world.
Mark Zuckerberg
CEO of Facebook
The market is risky and investment needs to be cautious
< p> The articles published by Tianyan Financial News do not imply investmentObjective and in-depth blockchain media
『四』 "Digital Solution" Central Bank Digital Currency CBDC, a new contribution from Algorand
Currently, China’s digital renminbi is advancing steadily, and the pilot areas have expanded from “10+1” to 15 provinces and cities In 23 regions, the cumulative number of digital RMB transactions is approximately 264 million, with an amount of approximately 83 billion yuan, and the number of merchant stores reaches 4.567 million. In addition, the European Union and the European Central Bank actively support a digital euro, while India has pledged to launch a digital rupee.
At a time when central bank digital currencies are in the ascendant, the Algorand public chain created by Professor Silvio Micali, Turing Award winner and cryptography pioneer, has been The Republic of the Marshall Islands selected the blockchain infrastructure to issue the world’s first central bank digital currency and continues to demonstrate its ability to empower “FutureFi” in the field of central bank digital currency (CBDC).
On July 12, the Algorand research team released "Issuing Central Bank Digital Currency Using Algorand" (IssuingCentral Bank Digital Currency Using Algorand) annual report, which has conducted continuous research on the CBDC progress of central banks around the world for more than a year, and proposed a CBDC hybrid model based on a public blockchain instance in a two-tier retail system.
Under this model, the central bank has full control over the CBDC, while licensed service providers (LSPs) such as commercial banks, remittance services and other financial technology companies can facilitate distribution and transactions. Blockchain-based retail CBDC also promotes wider financial inclusion compared to traditional systems, especially for those in the informal economy who may have difficulty opening a traditional bank account. Overall, the proposed design is expected to help central banks scale CBDC operations more simply and cost-effectively than traditional centralized digital currencies.
The Algorand research team released its first research report on CBDC in 2021. This report has a new section focusing on the benefits of CBDC and the central bank’s role in primary role in the wider context of the digital age. The report defines four key trends in the digital age, including the growing digital economy, asset tokenization as a new business model, growing demand for alternative forms of currency, and decentralized finance as a new form of finance. system. These trends directly challenge one of the key tasks of central banks: ensuring price stability. Public blockchain use cases, such as the model proposed in the report, can help central banks continue to fulfill their responsibilities in the digital age.
The report was co-authored by several leading economists and researchers. Among them, Dr. Andrea Civelli graduated from Princeton University and focuses on monetary policy transmission and inflation modeling research. She is currently an associate professor of economics at the Walton School of Business at the University of Arkansas and a senior economist at Algorand.
Dr. Co-Pierre Georg, associate professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, chairman of the Financial Stability Research Group of the South African Reserve Bank (South African Central Bank), and a member of the Economic Advisory Board of the Algorand Foundation. He received his PhD from the University of Jena, Germany degree, and visited MIT, Princeton University, Oxford University and Columbia University.
Pietro Grassano, Director of European Business Solutions at Algorand, has worked at J.P Morgan for more than 15 years and has served as the agency's manager in France, Italy, Greece, etc. Leadership positions in European country branches. Earlier, he worked at BNP Paribas Asset Management and Arthur Andersen Consulting. NaveedIhsanullah, Director of Engineering Research at Algorand, focuses on distributed systems and has over 20 years of experience in next-generation application security software.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main contents of the other six parts of the report are: 1. Benefits of central bank digital currency: emphasizing four aspects of the digital era The main trend, the challenges posed to central banks, also inspired central banks to issue CBDC. 2. Designing an efficient CBDC: Based on the experience of various CBDC projects, the principles for designing an efficient central bank digital currency are outlined. 3. Economic considerations of issuing CBDC: Discuss the economic impacts of issuing CBDC, from balance sheet and financial stability impacts to monetary policy effects. 4. Algorand protocol: Overview of the Algorand protocol, including design principles and a high-level overview of the protocol itself. 5. Use Algorand to issue retail CBDC: Algorand’s method of issuing retail CBDC, including relevant design considerations and a detailed introduction to Algorand network support use cases. 6. Use Algorand to issue wholesale CBDC: Algorand’s design method and related use cases for wholesale CBDC.
Algorand consultant emphasized that CBDC is the lifeline of commercial banks
After the emergence of CBDC, From an international perspective, there are still certain differences. Commercial banks in some countries even regard the digital currency that may be issued by the central bank as an existential threat.
Co-Pierre, one of the main authors of the research report "Issue Central Bank Digital Currency Using Algorand", Associate Professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, and Economic Advisor to the Algorand Foundation Dr. Georg, in a recent interview with the media, believed: "Commercial banks really should not regard digital fiat currencies as a threat" and "central bank digital currency is providing a lifeline to commercial banks."
For large technology companies, the Georg, who currently serves as chairman of the Financial Stability Research Group of the South African Reserve Bank, believes that "commercial banks have indeed regressed, and they will be afraid of technology giants."
Just as central banks have viewed blockchain-based, fiat-currency-linked stablecoins as a potential threat to regulating the economy, commercial banks have also realized that if Facebook’s Libra survives, “as we know it "That would be the end of banking," Georg said. "It would be an unregulated entity with 2.3 billion customers and a bank larger than JPMorgan Chase."Cash with more market value. How can banks, including U.S. banks, compete with it? They can't. "
The problem, Georg believes, is that commercial banks operate within walled gardens. "They do products, they don't do infrastructure," he said , “Commercial banks should be grateful to the central bank for providing a lifeline in terms of public infrastructure where they can all come together, they can compete and, importantly, they can compete with technology companies. "
"When you talk to many players in the market, they view CBDC as a product that can be sold to central banks," Georg said , “This is not the right thing to do. If you build a product, you end up just owning Facebook, whereas if you build the infrastructure, you end up owning the Internet. ”
This means that information can be shared in much the same way as the early developers of the Internet, which Georg claimed took about 30 years to Develop standards for network interactivity. At the same time, he also believes that CBDC has the need for interoperability from the beginning, and there are too many things that can be done.
“You can have a retail ledger that has a higher cost of participation but provides you with smart contracts; you can also have a retail ledger that doesn’t have smart contracts but has very high transactions per second ," Georg said. "As a central bank, you can operate both at the same time. ”
As for blockchain, Georg said that an unnecessary fight is that some in the banking community view blockchain-based CBDC as real-time Competitors to settlement systems.
"The existing payment system works well," he said, and is cheap and reliable. Never failed. However, real-time settlement systems do not “facilitate some of the new innovations we are seeing from private cryptoassets that require decentralized ledgers,” such as the tokenization of physical or digital assets. Given the phenomenal growth of cryptocurrencies, this space is clearly There's potential.
"If you can bring it into public infrastructure, assuming it's well regulated and maintained by trusted institutions, then this new kind of infrastructure can support those at the heart of the digital economyNew business models. I think that's why blockchain comes in," he said. "You need a distributed ledger to make sure that no one in the system can copy the data, and the secret superpower of blockchain is that it makes the data unique. ”
In terms of potential, he noted that “the last iteration of payment systems came in the 1960s and 1970s, when digital payments were introduced. "Because of the support of technology, "Blockchain can indeed promote new business models. ”
(END)
For reprinting for commercial and non-commercial purposes, please obtain authorization from the author and indicate "Produced by Hermetz Digital Workshop".
『五』Is blockchain technology the way out for the central bank’s digital renminbi
p>
Digital RMB is a legal currency endorsed by the state. It has been the focus of people's attention since the birth of the concept.
At present, digital RMB has basically Top-level design, standard formulation, functional research and development, joint debugging and testing have been completed. It is understood that the digital currency will first conduct internal closed pilot tests in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xiongan New Area, Chengdu and future Winter Olympics scenes.
If all goes well, we will be able to unveil digital currency in 2022.
Recently, Yi Gang, Governor of the People's Bank of China, made it clear that there is no preset technical route for digital RMB research and development work, and that the best can be selected through fair competition in the market. Blockchain technology can be considered, or it can be based on existing electronic payments. New technologies evolved from the Internet fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the market.
In other words: Blockchain is the technical route considered for the development of digital renminbi, but By no means the only option.
Digital RMB and Bitcoin
Blockchain is The underlying technology of Bitcoin.
Digital RMB, like Bitcoin, realizes point-to-point payment through smart contracts, with strict procedures for cross-validation, Not easy to be counterfeited;
Although they are all virtual currencies, the difference is that digital currencies are legal tender used for circulation and have legal effect; Bitcoin is Virtual assets with investment value.
Digital RMB and Blockchain
Although blockchain is not the only option, blockchain technology has strong Competitiveness.
The digital renminbi adopts a two-tier operation system, that is, the People's Bank of China does not directly issue and exchange central bank digital currency to the public, but first exchanges the digital renminbi to designated operating agencies, which are then redeemed to the public. Operating institutions need to pay 100% reserves to the People's Bank of China. This is the 1:1 exchange process.
On July 28, the Agricultural Bank of China issued an announcement saying: Agricultural Bank of China Financial Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Agricultural Bank of China Financial Technology") was established through a subsidiary. ) was officially incorporated in Beijing with a registered capital of RMB 600 million.
According to the announcement, the business direction of Agricultural Bank of China Jinke is mainly to use financial technology to carry out technological innovation , software research and development, product operations and technical consulting. In the recruitment announcement issued by Agricultural Bank of China Jinke, the author found that there is a position in software research and development: blockchain research and development engineer.
The main responsibilities are: blockchain technology application research, project construction and optimization work, and promoting blockchain-based Chain banking business expansion and business optimization, and provide solutions.
From these actions, it can be seen that blockchain technology is one of the key technologies for banks to develop. No matter what the final digital renminbi will be, the area Blockchain technology will promote our continued progress and development.
Author of the article: Xiaolian Finance Dashi
『Lu』 Di Gang: The central bank is actively exploring the application of digital renminbi blockchain< /p>
On September 10, the 2021 China (Beijing) Digital Finance Forum was held in Lize Financial Business District, Fengtai District, Beijing. Di Gang, deputy director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, delivered a keynote speech at the parallel forum "Blockchain Empowers High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy". He said that the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain. At the issuance layer, a unified distributed ledger is built based on the blockchain, which improves the efficiency of reconciliation; at the same time, the blockchain has certain advantages in solving trust issues, and technical decentralization does not mean management decentralization.
Di Gang believes that the application of blockchain in the financial field mainly includes two aspects: endogenous improvement and external empowerment: in terms of endogenous improvement, there are supply chain finance, agricultural finance, trade finance and general public finance. Applications such as benefit finance; empowering externallyOn the other hand, financial institutions have also provided better blockchain application services in areas such as smart cities, "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and people's livelihood.
According to reports, the Digital Currency Research Institute has actively strengthened the construction of the blockchain standard system and has led multiple domestic and foreign standardization organization working groups and standardization projects to promote the formulation of blockchain standards.
Regarding the application of blockchain technology, Di Gang proposed four major principles: talk less about subversion, talk more about scenario applications, use technology to solve industry pain points; be rational and pragmatic, and integrate various mature and advanced technologies to achieve results Optimal, this is also the starting point for adopting a mixed technology architecture for digital RMB research and development; technology is neutral; neither overestimate nor underestimate blockchain, solving problems is the starting point for applying blockchain technology.
In order to empower the high-quality development of digital finance, Di Gang believes that the current blockchain can achieve breakthroughs in eight aspects, including increasing basic theoretical research, mastering core technologies, and formulating core technical standards.
『撒』 The establishment of financial sovereignty, look at the difference between central bank digital currency and blockchain coins such as Bitcoin
In recent months, central bank digital currency testing has been in full swing, especially It was the sudden explosion of the CCB App digital wallet on the 29th that pushed the central bank’s digital currency to unprecedented popularity.
Many people will think that since the central bank's digital currency will be launched soon, have blockchain-based currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc., also reached the practical stage? Will it be recognized in the country?
The answer is no, because there is an essential difference between the central bank's digital currency and the blockchain digital currency. It is even said that there is no relationship at all, and many principles are opposite. The main differences are as follows:
1. Central bank digital currencies are centralized, while blockchain coins are decentralized.
This can be said to be the fundamental difference. The essence of the development of blockchain coins is decentralization, that is, no one person or organization can control the blockchain network, and all participants jointly maintain the entire area. Blockchain; the central bank’s digital currency is organized by the central bank. The central bank is the center and is responsible for managing all related technologies and businesses.
2. The central bank’s digital currency is real-name, while the blockchain currency is anonymous.
This is the second biggest difference. Because of its anonymity, blockchain currency has become a hotbed for organized crime. Various blackmails and threats also require ransom to be paid in blockchain currency, because It is anonymous and cannot trace the real user. The central bank’s digital currency requires real-name authentication, and all users can be found without fear of being used for bad things.
3. Central bank digital currencies are guaranteed by legal payment, while blockchain coins are not guaranteed.
This is also the biggest risk of blockchain coins. You can say that a Bitcoin is worth 10,000 yuan, or you can say that it is not worth a penny, and in terms of the rigidity of redemption, just a bunch of numbers without any value. The central bank’s digital currency has a one-to-one correspondence with banknotes and can be exchanged for banknotes if necessary.
4. Central bank digital currency can be paid offline, while blockchain coins must be used online.
The central bank’s digital wallet supports online and offline payments, and can be used directly even without an Internet connection, which greatly expands the scope of application. Blockchain coins are more troublesome to use. Not only do they have to be used online, most also require the installation of a dedicated client, increasing the difficulty of use.
5. Central bank digital currencies support high concurrency, while blockchain coins have transaction speed limitations.
The nature of blockchain currency determines that its transactions are inefficient. If a high transaction speed is to be achieved, cost and security are difficult to guarantee. The central bank's digital currency is not based on blockchain and may be used in some scenarios, but it does not require blockchain to ensure it, so it can reach the speed of traditional electronic transactions. Even if people across the country use electronic currency, it can still meet transaction requirements. .
From this we can see that central bank digital currency not only has nothing to do with blockchain currency, we can even say that central bank digital currency is the opposite of blockchain currency and will not endorse blockchain currency. , and even basically announced that it is impossible to use any blockchain currency in China.
- 上一篇： 区块链可拓展性问题如何解决的,区块链可扩展性问题
- 下一篇： 区块链运行速度,区块链多少年了
