区块链社群核心节点研讨会发言,区块链社群核心节点研讨会发言稿

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，区块链社群核心节点研讨会发言受到了越来越多的关注。本次研讨会主要讨论以下三个关键词：区块链技术、社群建设以及节点运营。

区块链技术：区块链技术是一种分布式的数据存储技术，它的核心思想是将数据存储在网络中的多个节点上，使得数据不受任何中心化的管理，而是通过网络中的多个节点之间的协作共同维护数据的完整性和安全性。它可以让数据在多个节点之间进行安全地共享，从而实现数据的安全性和可靠性。此外，区块链技术还可以用于分布式计算，它可以让多个节点之间的计算任务分发，从而实现更高效的计算。

社群建设：社群建设是一种社会组织的组织形式，它以社区为基础，以支持社会发展为目标，以建立一个开放的、友好的、有效的社会组织为目标。社群建设的核心是建立一个开放的、友好的、有效的社会组织，其目标是为社会发展提供支持。社群建设的核心是建立一个可持续的社会组织，其需要建立一个具有明确的责任分工、良好的沟通机制和合作机制的有效社会组织。

节点运营：节点运营是指在区块链网络中，某个节点对其所在的网络进行管理和维护的过程。节点运营的目的是为了保持区块链网络的正常运行，保护网络的安全性，以及提高网络的可靠性和可用性。节点运营的核心是建立一个可靠的网络，使网络能够按照预定的规则正常运行，从而确保网络的安全性、可靠性和可用性。节点运营需要对网络进行实时监控，及时发现网络的异常情况，并及时采取措施确保网络的安全性和可靠性。

本次研讨会发言的三个关键词：区块链技术、社群建设以及节点运营，都是当前区块链技术发展的重要组成部分。只有充分理解这三个关键词，才能更好地发挥区块链技术的优势，推动区块链技术的发展。

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Ⅰ What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest topic on the Internet right now? You don’t need to tell me what the editor is saying, that is Blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), which solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to seconds), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), target hash value of the current block, and Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block and finally generateA unified hash value of all transaction information in this block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause the Merkle tree to change.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, PeercoinCoin) PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain Technology----ContractLayer: Giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic, which is a decentralized and programmable system deployed on the blockchain. Implemented by letter sharing script code. Normally, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

Ⅱ In the blockchain currency circle, everyone is keeping a low profile with the newly wealthy and the anxious novice

In the blockchain currency circle, everyone is keeping a low profile with the newly wealthy and the anxious novice

Since Bitcoin’s surge, blockchain has also stood in the forefront of public attention. After visiting dozens of communities, the author found that all the content about writing about blockchain technology is actually only read by a small group of people. People are not interested in the principle of how blockchain can achieve the decentralization of digital currency. Even What the basic blockchain is is sometimes poorly understood, but this does not stop the public from being enthusiastic about blockchain and various digital currencies.

Perhaps it is because I don’t understand and am full of curiosity that I am more likely to be deceived by various scammers into making uncut leeks. The tide of blockchain is rushing forward, and the living beings on the shore are really diverse.

The first type is the blockchain novice group.

Characteristics: Afraid of not being able to catch the fast train to riches, feeling anxious and nervous but feeling unable to do anything. They don’t know how to mine and earn coins, nor how to buy and trade in the market, nor even where the market is. Their understanding of blockchain and various currencies actually comes from envy and hatred because people around them became rich overnight by buying coins. The novice group seems to be eager to trade all the time, but they don't dare to make a move. Holding cash to wait and see makes them more and more anxious and nervous, afraid of missing out and a little afraid of losing money.

The second type is the blockchain project promotion crowd.

Features: Crazy joining groups to attract people and dump project links. The author found in various communities that most of these links are used to attract people to register on the condition of issuing digital currency or sending mining machines. Such people will join the group and attract people when they see them in social groups. They can be found wherever there are people. They are "working hard". What's more, if you create a group by yourself and get enough people in, all members will be banned. After that, the group owner or administrator will frantically dump the link. The link content is basically a routine, with a project introduction and registration address, and ends with Register and receive free mining machines or coins as bait. This kind of behavior that does not take into account the personal feelings of the group members is really disappointing.Unbelievable. This group of people knows a little bit about blockchain and the currency circle, but they don’t actually know much about technology. Some of them also hold the promoted project coins themselves, and feel a little relieved that they can join the game early, and firmly believe that the value will appreciate in the future and make a lot of money.

The third type is ordinary programmers who have early experience in entering the currency circle.

Characteristics: There are stories or experiences of mining coins. In terms of mentality, most people fall into the category of people who slap their thighs and regret. Since there was a certain technical threshold for coin mining in the early years, this group of people came into contact with coin mining very early because of their technical status. They are also early users of Bitcoin. At that time, they were mining coins, and they were very simple at heart. Some people brought their friends to dig with them, or even helped their friends dig (the friends didn’t understand technology, so they basically mined for their friends). When these people mine coins, they do not think that they may become rich one day in the future or even achieve financial freedom. Therefore, many people have already chosen to cash out when the price of Bitcoin reaches 200 to 600.

What’s dramatic is those people who don’t understand technology and have programmer friends mine for them. Some people sadly forget the keys to mine coins because they don’t understand technology or don’t care, or they lose their original keys. The system files left their Bitcoins frozen forever. Those who couldn't find them regretted and wanted to die, while those who found the keys or system files finally received high rewards. Programmers who cashed out early and people who forgot their keys or lost system files, after seeing the sky-high price of Bitcoin, they patted their thighs and regretted it, and at the same time they were ready to move, regretful and anxious.

The fourth type, the CEOs who operate the project

Characteristics: After seeing Bitcoin, the Ethereum bosses are making a lot of money and can no longer control their hearts. Excited, he quickly jumped into the rolling torrent. They have fantasies about the future, but also have anxiety after encountering supervision. But CEOs who really want to do something in the industry are actually more welcoming to supervision. Such groups consider more about the healthy and long-term development of the industry ecology.

The fifth type, business giants

Characteristics: Some business giants are cautiously waiting, some have already embraced it, and some have avoided issuing coins to try out blockchain technology. Wide range of applications of smart contracts. Wanda’s recent deployment on the blockchain has been widely reported by the media.

The sixth type, investment tycoons

Characteristics: Low profile has become synonymous with them. They rarely brag about how much money they have made on Bitcoin, but they also rarely mention how much they have been cheated.

As investment tycoons with a keen sense of smell, any new trends are the focus of their attention. Many of them not only observe calmly with the eyes of bystanders, but also silently pay attention to seed companies with real potential. This group appears to be very low-key on various occasions.

The seventh type, media from all sides

Features: Work hard to supplement the basic knowledge of blockchain and track various materials in the currency circle. This group can be simply divided into two camps. Some are dedicated to pure information reporting and in-depth industry analysis. They use a third party's perspective to see and interpret various phenomena that occur in the industry. The other camp chooses to endorse new things. Of course, they often use critical and skeptical thinking to discover the real and reasonable applications of blockchain.

The rolling tide is coming, and all living beings are in various forms. How to understand the blockchain currency circle? How to avoid scammers in the currency circle? The next article on the Blockchain Bubble Headlines and WeChat public accounts will present the current deceptions and routines in the form of examples.

In the end, there is the same saying, listen to both and you will be enlightened, and listen to one side and you will be dark. I only represent the views of Blockchain Bubble and cannot be used as investment guidance for you.

Ⅲ Wonderful review｜Warm congratulations on the successful conclusion of the first assembly number of Jiulingwei public chain nodes

The two-day and one-night high-end training conference of the first assembly number of Jiulingwei public chain nodes was held in 2020 On September 3rd and 4th, 2019, it was grandly held at Foshan Venus Royal Hotel.

At the meeting, Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, made an opening speech. In his speech, he said that the market is changing, and opportunities contain new starting points and new journeys. When the number of Jiuling Wei Public Chain nodes exceeded the 1,000 mark, the rally call for the Wei Public Chain has been sounded. We will take this opportunity to build a higher level platform and bridge. Let everyone who participates in the Weigong Chain fully enjoy the first wave of dividends brought by new developments and breakthroughs in the field of blockchain e-commerce, and jointly enjoy new technologies and new achievements in the development and progress of blockchain in human society. Putting people first and maintaining justice in the world. Let’s work together to build a higher-level blockchain e-commerce ecosystem and create a new era of blockchain consumption, wealth creation and sharing.

This high-end training conference for the first assembly number of Weigong Chain nodes aims to improve the participating node guests’ awareness of blockchain technology and deepen their understanding of blockchain e-commerce. Together with Jiulingwei Public Chain, we actively promote the vigorous development of the blockchain e-commerce sharing economy and promote the continuous vitality and vitality of the social economy.

At the Jiuling Blockchain Chairman’s meeting, Lu Wei shared his personal life experience accumulated over the past decades and his insights into life. He mentioned that Jiuling Blockchain is his life and he loves this great cause. Form a community of life with the elite team of Jiuling Blockchain. At the same time, he shared with the participating node guests how to expand the market, and devoted high enthusiasm to the all-human cause of reconstructing a new business ecology and building a third-generation blockchain full ecology (public chain). Putting people first and maintaining justice in the world.

At the same time, many aspects of the meeting talked about how the Jiuling-dimensional public chain will change the old rules of e-commerce and reconstruct the new business ecology. At the same time, it was announced that the Weigong Chain is about to reach the next new high point, and a new mechanism has been formulated to give back to the node families and work togetherLet’s work together and move forward hand in hand to achieve the world of long-term zero-dimensional public chain with firm steps.

At the first assembly meeting of Weigong Chain Nodes, many senior leaders including Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, took the stage to show the strong team of Jiuling Blockchain. We will continue to serve the nodes of Weigong Chain wholeheartedly and lead the participating nodes to achieve the world of Weigong Chain together.

Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain, shared his past experience in the real estate industry at the meeting. Speaking of its popularity, if you choose the right path and direction, you will be successful. Similarly, blockchain is the trend now and in the future. The power of blockchain can empower participants to enjoy the wealth. Blockchain e-commerce will definitely build new successful businesses.

Dr. Liu Haifeng, general manager of Jiuling Blockchain Technology, has entered the blockchain field in 2006. He has conducted in-depth research and is committed to leading the practical application of blockchain technology to the real economy for many years. At the meeting, he used his professional knowledge to share the future development of blockchain and the technology of Weigong Chain. Lead the guests to have an in-depth understanding of the technical understanding and future development trends of blockchain and Weigong Chain.

Dr. Zhang Genyuan, chairman of Jiuling Zhengzhou Branch, used his professional financial knowledge reserve to hold an ideological gathering with participating nodes at the first offline high-end conference of Weigong Chain nodes. Provide more powerful motivation for guests attending the conference to achieve their life goals. Let’s break the thinking together and use the blockchain e-commerce strength of Jiuling Dimension Public Chain to embark on an extraordinary road to success.

Mr. Yao Pu, marketing director of Jiuling Blockchain, gave a comprehensive analysis of the disadvantages and shortcomings of various model companies and platforms through comparison with the current market, and deeply analyzed the impact of blockchain e-commerce on The reform of the model market, a detailed analysis of blockchain e-commerce’s superior brightness and advantages over various model companies, provides everyone with a clearer direction of identification. Jiuling Blockchain will dedicate more and more powerful power to the participants in the great cause of Weigong Chain, and work together to share the dividends brought by the emerging industry of blockchain e-commerce.

Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, collaborated with several company executives to share and analyze how blockchain technology empowers the real economy with a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation and development. The guests at the meeting node all praised the sharing of the senior executives of Jiuling Company, and bursts of applause broke out at the scene.

The new mechanism was announced for the first time at the first assembly meeting of Weigong Chain, attracting dozens of on-site participating node guests to become agents and sites. They have firm confidence and vow to form a community of life with Jiulingwei Public Chain, jointly contribute to the iteration of the e-commerce ecology, achieve win-win cooperation, and jointly create a new era of blockchain consumption, wealth creation and sharing.

Participating node guests who become agents on site will receive high-end gold watches or diamond rings, and those who become sites will receive leather bags with full visual traceability.

Mr. Li Meng became an agent on the spot and met with Lu, Chairman of Jiuling BlockchainMr. Wei and Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain, took a group photo.

Mr. Ye Feng and his wife became agents on the spot and took photos with Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, and Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain.

“Weigong Chain is people-oriented, and the world is upholding the public.”

“Weigong Chain is people-oriented, and the world is upholding the public.”

Ⅳ Which relevant departments in Shandong have started to take action on the layout of blockchain projects

It has been ten years since the blockchain was proposed. In the past ten years, under the guidance and support of various domestic departments , blockchain has penetrated into various industries. Since 2017, the State Council and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have repeatedly proposed to actively promote domestic blockchain research, standardization development and industrial application in related fields. However, blockchain has not yet developed on a large scale in Shandong. Through mainstream search engines such as the Internet and 360, searching for keywords such as "blockchain + Shandong" can reveal some related deployment documents and policies in addition to blockchain. Except for support and a few companies that provide blockchain technology services, there are almost no specific application projects of blockchain. In recent years, relevant departments of the Shandong Provincial Government have also been actively promoting and deploying blockchain project construction.

➨On December 27, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued a notice on the "Shandong Province Producer Service Industry Development Layout Plan", aiming to accelerate the innovative development of Shandong Province's producer service industry, Sustainable development and leading development. In the layout of the software and information technology service industry, it is emphasized that Jinan, Qingdao, and Yantai are the core nodes, focusing on the development of 12 industrial directions such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. Zhongzhexin Blockchain Co., Ltd. follows the layout planning trend of the Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission , actively layout and explore the application of blockchain in the real industry.

➨On October 28, 2018, the "Special Plan for the New Generation Information Technology Industry in Shandong Province (2018)" was issued by the General Office of the People's Government of Shandong Province and implemented by the Department of Industry and Information Technology of Shandong Province and other relevant departments. -2022), the notice emphasizes that we must grasp the development trend of the new generation of information technology industry, adhere to advanced layout, innovative leadership, and solidly promote disruptive technological innovation in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, virtual reality, and blockchain. , seize the opportunities and commanding heights for the future development of the industry. In exploring and promoting the development and application of blockchain technology, specific requirements are put forward, requiring accelerating the research and application of key technologies such as blockchain architecture, consensus algorithms, asymmetric encryption, fault-tolerance mechanisms, distributed storage, etc., to form blockchain infrastructure and solutions . Actively promote the deep integration of blockchain with big data, cloud computing and other technologies, expand blockchain application scenarios, and strengthen the application of blockchain technology in key industries such as finance, industry, energy, and medical care.industry applications.

➨On March 13, 2019, the General Office of the Shandong Provincial People's Government issued the "Notice on the Digital Shandong 2019 Action Plan", which requires accelerating the innovative development of the big data industry and further improving the big data industry chain. , forming an industrial ecological system with innovative collaboration, reasonable layout, supporting industries, and scientific order (led by the Shandong Provincial Big Data Bureau and coordinated by all relevant departments). Emphasize the role of data as a basic resource and innovation engine, and promote the deep integration of big data with cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain, virtual reality and other technologies. Deepen the innovative application of big data in various industries, promote cross-field and cross-industry data integration and collaborative innovation, enhance development potential through cross-border integration, and cultivate new economic growth points.

➨On December 7, 2018, the General Office of the Shandong Provincial Government issued the "Notice on Promoting Supply Chain Innovation and Application" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"). The "Notice" points out that it is necessary to promote the innovative development of supply chain in Shandong Province and improve the level of supply chain development. Promote the integration of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and blockchain in the entire supply chain process to create a visual, perceptible, and adjustable smart supply chain. (The Shandong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Department of Commerce, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities).

➨On December 29, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology issued the "Notice on the Announcement of the List of Projects for the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province in 2018 to enter the next round of comprehensive demonstration." Among them, two projects related to blockchain have entered the list, namely "R&D and Industrialization of Blockchain Platform Supporting National Cryptozoology Algorithms" by Pulian Software Co., Ltd. and "Efficient Scalable Zone to Support Supervision" by Qilu University of Technology "Blockchain Basic Support System Research and Development and Application Demonstration in the Clearing Field" project, which shows that blockchain projects have begun to play a role in the development of innovative technology projects.

In addition to various notices and layout plans, relevant provincial departments are also actively implementing the cooperation and construction of blockchain projects. On June 28, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Department of Commerce and SF Express Group signed a strategic Cooperation Agreement. The two parties will use their respective advantages to cooperate in areas such as the construction of modern supply chain systems and promote the integration of blockchain and other technologies with supply chains.

➨On July 26, 2018, Xie Weijun, Director of the Shandong Provincial Department of Justice, stated that blockchain technology should be promoted in related fields, explore the implementation form of "blockchain + judicial administration", and promote "district "Blockchain" technology is applied in judicial administration fields such as community corrections, notarization, and forensic appraisals.

The development of blockchain also requires the supervision and supervision of more departments, including the Office of the Network Security and Informatization Committee of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shandong Provincial Communications Administration, and the National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center. Shandong Branch Center United DevelopmentThe "2018 Shandong Province Cyber ​​Security Report" released by the Ministry of Commerce pointed out that the security problems brought by new technologies such as 5G, IPv6, and blockchain will become increasingly serious. The Shandong Provincial Administration for Market Regulation (Intellectual Property Office) also provides services and supervision in industrial and commercial, intellectual property and other aspects.

Zhongzhexin Blockchain Co., Ltd. actively responded to the call of the Shandong Provincial Government, based in Jinan, relying on entities, and took the lead in creating the country's first tea blockchain project in Shandong, striving to create a new generation of information in the country A new frontier of technological development. Tea Chain World is based on blockchain technology and is a tea blockchain application that integrates artificial intelligence. It uses the characteristics of blockchain decentralization and trustlessness to achieve point-to-point interaction and transactions between the supply end and the consumer end. On the one hand, It solves the problems of enterprise operating costs, inventory, sales channels, etc.; on the other hand, the characteristics of blockchain such as non-tampering and traceability solve product quality problems. Products can be monitored in every link from source, production, processing, distribution to the hands of consumers. .

The tea chain world has introduced tokens, using blockchain token incentives to break the original business model and reshape the tea industry production relations. Through the consensus mechanism, each participant in the chain collaborates with each other to jointly create value, and shares corresponding rewards and equity certificates according to the amount of contribution, which greatly mobilizes the enthusiasm and creativity of participants, thereby creating more value and fully stimulating Bring out the economic vitality of individuals and enterprises and promote the economic growth of industries. Taking real enterprises as the starting point and starting from the tea industry, it will drive the development of the real economy. Tea Chain World has realized all possibilities for the innovative development of tea companies, and has played a positive leading role in leading China's tea industry to new heights.

IV What is the core technology of blockchain

Simply put, blockchain is a distributed database that provides Byzantine fault tolerance and ensures ultimate consistency; from data From a structural point of view, it is a chained data block structure based on time series; from a node topology point of view, all its nodes are redundant backups of each other; from an operational point of view, it provides a cryptography-based public and private key management system to manage account.
Perhaps the above concept is too abstract, let me give you an example so that you can understand it easier.
You can imagine that there are 100 computers distributed around the world. The network between these 100 machines is a wide area network, and the owners of these 100 machines do not trust each other.
So, what kind of algorithm (consensus mechanism) do we use to provide it with a trustworthy environment and make:
The data exchange process between nodes cannot be tampered with, and the generated historical records It cannot be tampered with;
The data of each node will be synchronized to the latest data, and the validity of the latest data will be verified;
Based on the minority obeying the majorityBased on the principle of numbers, the data maintained by the overall node can objectively reflect the exchange history.
Blockchain is a technical solution created to solve the above problems.
2. The core technology components of blockchain
Whether it is a public chain or a consortium chain, it requires at least four modules: P2P network protocol, distributed consistency algorithm (consensus mechanism), encryption signature algorithm, Account and storage model.
1. P2P network protocol
P2P network protocol is the lowest module of all blockchains and is responsible for network transmission and broadcast of transaction data, node discovery and maintenance.
Usually what we use is the Bitcoin P2P network protocol module, which follows certain interaction principles. For example: when connecting to other nodes for the first time, you will be required to confirm the status according to the handshake protocol. After the handshake, you will start to request the address data and block data of the Peer node.
This P2P interactive protocol also has its own set of instructions, which are reflected in the command field of the Message Header. These commands provide the upper layer with node discovery, node acquisition, block header acquisition, Block acquisition and other functions, these functions are very low-level and very basic functions. If you want to learn more, you can refer to the Peer Discovery chapter in the Bitcoin Developer Guide.
2. Distributed consensus algorithm
In the field of classic distributed computing, we have non-Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms represented by the Raft and Paxos algorithm families, as well as the PBFT consensus algorithm with Byzantine fault-tolerant characteristics.
If we look at it from the perspective of technological evolution, we can draw a picture in which blockchain technology has expanded the original distributed algorithm economically.
In the picture, we can see that computer applications were mostly single-point applications at the beginning, and cold disaster recovery was used for high availability and convenience. Later, they developed into multi-active in different places. These multi-active in different places may use load balancing. and routing technology. With the development of distributed system technology, we have transitioned to distributed systems based on Paxos and Raft.
In the field of blockchain, PoW workload proof algorithm, PoS equity proof algorithm, and DPoS proxy equity proof algorithm are mostly used. The above three are the mainstream consensus algorithms in the industry. These algorithms are similar to the classic distributed consensus algorithm. The difference is that they incorporate the concept of economic games. Below I will briefly introduce these three consensus algorithms respectively.
PoW: Usually refers to solving a mathematical problem of specific difficulty under given constraints. Whoever solves it faster can obtain the right to bookkeeping (block production). This solution process is often converted into a calculation problem, so when competing for speed, it becomes who has a better calculation method and whose equipment has better performance.
PoS: This is a proof-of-stake mechanism, its basic conceptThe difficulty of generating blocks should be proportional to your equity (ownership ratio) in the network. The core idea of ​​​​its implementation is: use the coin age (CoinAge) of your locked tokens and a small workload Prove that to calculate a target value, when the target value is met, you will be able to obtain accounting rights.
DPoS: A simple understanding is to convert the bookkeepers in the PoS consensus algorithm into a small circle composed of a specified number of nodes, instead of everyone can participate in bookkeeping. This circle may have 21 nodes or 101 nodes, depending on the design. Only nodes in this circle can obtain accounting rights. This will greatly improve the throughput of the system, because fewer nodes means that the network and nodes are controllable.
3. Encrypted signature algorithm
In the field of blockchain, the most commonly used hash algorithm is the hash algorithm. The hash algorithm has the characteristics of collision resistance, irreversibility of the original image, and problem friendliness.
Among them, problem friendliness is the basis for the existence of many PoW currencies. In Bitcoin, the SHA256 algorithm is used as the calculation method for proof of work, which is what we call the mining algorithm.
In Litecoin, we will also see the Scrypt algorithm, which is different from SHA256 in that it requires large memory support. In some other currencies, we can also see mining algorithms based on the SHA3 algorithm. Ethereum uses an improved version of the Dagger-Hashimoto algorithm, named Ethash, which is an IO-intractable algorithm.
Of course, in addition to the mining algorithm, we will also use the RIPEMD160 algorithm, which is mainly used to generate addresses. Most of the numerous Bitcoin derivative codes adopt the Bitcoin address design.
In addition to addresses, we will also use the core and the cornerstone of the blockchain Token system: public and private key cryptographic algorithms.
In the Bitcoin code, ECDSA is basically used. ECDSA is a combination of ECC and DSA. The entire signature process is similar to DSA. The difference is that the algorithm used in the signature is ECC (Elliptic Curve Function).
Technically, we start by generating a private key, then generate a public key from the private key, and finally generate an address from the public key. Each of the above steps is an irreversible process, which means that the public key cannot be derived from the address. , derived from the public key to the private key.
4. Account and transaction model
From the initial definition, we know that blockchain can be considered a distributed database from a technical perspective only. So, what type of database do most blockchains use? What about the database?
When I designed the Metaverse blockchain, I referred to a variety of databases, including NoSQL’s BerkeleyDB and LevelDB, and some currencies use SQL-based SQLiTe. As the underlying storage facilities, most of them are lightweight embedded databases. Since they do not involve the ledger characteristics of the blockchain, these storage technologies are no different from those used in other situations.
The ledger characteristics of blockchain are usually divided into UTXO structure and ledger structure based on Accout-Balance structure, which we also call the ledger model. UTXO is the abbreviation of "unspent transaction input/output", which translated means "unspent transaction input/output".
This is an accounting mode for Token transfer in the blockchain. Each transfer appears in the form of input and output; in the Balance structure, there is no such mode.

VI Looking at the future from the perspective of blockchain - community (1)

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I joined the first hobby community on the Internet in 2008. At that time, the main carrier was forums and SNS platforms built by forums, plus QQ groups and Waiwai Voice to complete the operation of the entire community. At that time, I also became a forum moderator and organizer of some activities out of pure interest. Since 2013, I have started to join various paid communities and participated in some community activities. Since 2017, I have joined many blockchain communities due to my exposure to blockchain.

My own experience can be summarized as an original ecological community - a paid Internet community with operational awareness - a blockchain-related theme community. The third category seems a bit abrupt here, since blockchain is a theme here, not a new paradigm. The reason why I divide it this way is because I think these are three completely different stages of community development, but I think the third form of the community will emerge from blockchain-related topics. Currently, blockchain is in these communities It is only used as a theme rather than a form because it is still in its infancy, and most blockchain-themed communities have not really begun to think about the value and significance of the blockchain + community.

The basic composition of blockchain + community, I think the core consists of these parts:

I say: All tokens must form their own community. It may actually be implemented. At the same time, the Internet community will gradually begin to be tokenized. And because there is almost no better token issuance technology than blockchain, the next development form of the community must be the blockchain community.

At the same time, the blockchainization of the community will not only be reflected at the token level, but its distributed characteristics will also become more obvious, because small and beautiful centralized communitiesIt is difficult for a group to emerge. The value of a group as a new type of organism is not at the same level at all. I think the community will go in different directions. One is the centralized community endorsed by the soul figure. The other is the distributed community where the mechanism or basic protocol itself forms the basis of consensus. There is also another one, which may be the soul figure. As the consensus basis for cold start, it is ultimately the basic protocol that implements the multi-center distributed community.

A community under the blockchain is actually very similar to a virtual country in nature. It is highly recommended that students who are interested in this area study political systems, economic systems and online games.

[Keyword 1: Consensus]

Consensus is actually the foundation of all communities, and to a certain extent, it is also a barrier. On the one hand, it provides basic value recognition for community members, thereby clarifying the voluntary prerequisites of all members; on the other hand, it also gives community members clear specific goals for participation, so community members will naturally adjust their participation. (It is very, very important to be able to clarify specific goals)

(BTW, in fact, this is why I think that almost all pure tokens have no value at present - among thousands of virtual currencies, BTC/BCH As a pure encrypted digital currency, there is already a consensus basis; as basic chains such as ETH/EOS, everyone also has a consensus on them, and even many communities have been formed around them; BTS has been implemented in applications although its value may not have been fully exploited. have also obtained corresponding consensus; but most of them only issued white papers and did not have any user/community-based tokens. In fact, they are really just air coins)

[Keyword 2: Basic Agreement]

Or, rules.

From a macro perspective, the basic agreement is the fundamental reason for the emergence of results. Each ant and goose in the ant colony or wild goose formation does not need to know how the whole will develop or how each person will arrange it. Instead, as long as he knows how far and what distance is from each companion around him, the whole will naturally emerge. form.

From a micro perspective, basic protocols/rules allow each community member to clarify their own path to achieve their goals in this community. Just like in a game, players have rules and restrictions on how to achieve game goals, and the entire game becomes playable. Players also begin to have their own strategic thinking and explore unknown possible spaces.

Therefore, the design of this basic protocol will be quite time-consuming., how to be minimalist and at the same time align self-interest with the benefit of the group - please do not simply understand it as group rules.

[Keyword 3: Tokens]

When a community combines tokens, there will be three completely different results from the past - duality of membership & Pareto improvement acceleration & feedback mechanism.

The so-called duality of membership refers to the integration of consumption and investment - community members are both users of the community's products and investors of the community. At this time, every member no longer has a pure consumer mindset, but has a shareholder mindset and a real master mindset. Therefore, every decision he makes, every communication and transaction within the community will have different consequences. The same strategy and behavioral logic will eventually form a community that is completely different from the logic of consumers. The stickiness, participation, positive interaction and even output value of community members will also have the opportunity to reach different heights relying on this logic.

The so-called Pareto improvement refers to improving the total value of the overall equity without reducing one party's equity. The acceleration of this type of improvement is due to the explosion of equity circulation. The convenience of token-based value circulation inside and outside the community (this must be based on the premise that the token has a secondary market) creates a state of frequent transactions, thus enhancing the activity and value creation density of the entire community. As mentioned in the previous article, any transaction must be an optimization and improvement that both parties believe to be their own rights and interests, so frequent transactions mean an improvement in the overall rights and interests. (In addition, there is also an academic discussion on whether the transaction itself creates value, which will not be stated here. ). Combined with the duality of community membership, members not only become consumers, but also investors, which leads to two results: 1. Transaction volume will be more frequent than pure consumption without investment, thus optimizing the overall equity value; 2. People are more cautious about investment than consumption, so the transaction will optimize the overall equity value of the community to a higher level than consumption. In short, please believe in the invisible hand of the market, and please also consider the impact of the token mechanism on the market inside and outside the community.

The so-called feedback mechanism is determined by the quantification of tokens. Every senior game player must have a deep understanding of how important the feedback mechanism is. It gives people the motivation and excitement to continue playing. (In fact, this is also the reason why some people think starting a business is more fun than working - starting a business can also be quantified and give relatively real-time feedback. This is reflected in the fact that starting a business has a progress bar, how much is the valuation, how much has it increased, how much is the ranking, etc. Market share, etc., and even if individual work has achieved breakthroughs in certain aspects, it is difficult to quantify, and it is even more difficult to obtain real-time feedback. It is even more out of reach to expect salary income to reflect it.) In the community, the value of tokens Highly quantifiable enables real-time feedbackable. The equity attribute of the token itself and the tradability attribute in the secondary market determine that this is a completely different concept from the stimulation intensity of feedback from the general community in the form of points. If the entire community can have such feedback stimulation, then the vitality of the community is likely to be as good as that of various popular online games - this is a token, not a Q coin!

This article discusses the meaning of blockchain + community in theory, so in the follow-up (2), what will be discussed is the methodological issue - how to build such a blockchain + community . It is recommended that every community organizer who already has his or her own community foundation can consider the transformation of the community's blockchain direction as soon as possible.

Welcome to make suggestions and discuss.

Ⅶ Core logical issues that need to be paid attention to in the blockchain

Core logical issues that need to be paid attention to in the blockchain
Blockchain is a decentralized, deintermediated, point-to-point transaction The processing system is a distributed account system that is verified by the entire network, recorded by the entire network, irreversible, difficult to tamper with, traceable, and open and transparent. These are the two main contents of the current blockchain definition. But if you follow the standards of decentralization, deintermediation, and peer-to-peer transactions, and use blockchain as many people say, it is basically not the case. Because there are almost no truly decentralized blockchain applications. Many people say that the blockchain will be a machine of trust and the Internet of value. The blockchain will recreate production relations, economic organizations, and operating models. It will subvert the legal currency system, subvert the double-entry accounting method, and even create a place where everyone can issue money. A new society in which everyone has his own currency, everyone’s own finance, and everyone’s self-organization. Is it this way?
Today I want to share with you how we view the blockchain in such a hot atmosphere, how to grasp its core logic and avoid major subversive mistakes.
This is mainly based on the Bitcoin blockchain.
The first is whether encrypted digital currencies such as Bitcoin can become real currencies, and whether this type of digital currency can subvert the legal currency system.
We know that currency has existed in human society for thousands of years and has continued to evolve, from the initial physical currency to regulated metal currency, to paper money under the metal standard, and then to credit currency without the metal standard. What are its logic and rules as it continues to evolve to today? This is what we need to accurately grasp.
In the evolution of currency, especially after the introduction of paper money, people gradually discovered that currency has more and more functions and its influence is growing, but its most important and core function is the measure of value.
To function as a value scale, the most basic requirement is that the currency value must be relatively stable. To achieve a relatively stable currency value, theoretically, a country's currency total must correspond to the scale of monetizable wealth that can be protected by law within the country's sovereignty. In other words, the total amount of money and the scale of wealth must correspond.
How to correspond? It's impossible to correspond to each one exactly, so I came up with an intermediary target.concept. There is a concept of a general consumer price index for the whole society, the so-called CPI concept. When a country's CPI changes, that is, the fluctuation of the inflation rate, is within our target range and within a controllable level, we consider the price or currency value to be relatively stable.
Here we are talking about relative stability, because the bigger a country is, the less likely it is that prices will be absolutely stable, and at the same time, fluctuations must be controlled within a certain range and not get out of control. When your inflation rate is controlled within a certain rising range, it means that the currency is devaluing to a certain extent. What are the benefits of currency devaluation? It can inhibit deposits, encourage investment and consumption, thereby playing the role of monetary policy and promoting economic development. It is precisely because the monetary aggregate can be artificially controlled and there is room for control that monetary policy came out. Monetary policy, like fiscal policy, has become one of the two major policies for national macro-control. But there is a premise: currency depreciation or inflation cannot get out of control. Once out of control, the people at the bottom cannot survive, violent social turmoil will occur, and governments or dynasties will change. There are many such examples in history.
Today, we are also faced with many temptations in monetary policy, tempting people to overissue currency. It is precisely for this reason that some people have begun to say that your monetary system is wrong. If people can control it, there will be corruption and unfairness. Can we use technical means to form a monetary system that some people cannot interfere with? This also gave birth to encrypted digital currencies such as Bitcoin.
But we must know that the law of currency development is that currency must gradually separate from wealth and become a counterpart to wealth. In this way, we can use the total amount of currency to completely correspond to wealth, and at the same time, there will be certain controls. room. Therefore, something like gold, which has strong physical properties and is greatly restricted by its reserves and mining and processing, needs to be separated from currency and become the counterpart of currency. Of course, it may have a great store of value function. In this way, currency has developed to this day and has become what people call credit currency or currency guaranteed by national credit. I personally feel that this term is not necessarily accurate, because the debts of many countries' governments are getting larger and larger and will never be repaid, so it is a bit far-fetched to call it a credit currency. Strictly speaking, today's currency is legal currency or sovereign currency. It means that the total currency amount of a country must correspond to the scale of wealth that can be protected by law within the country's sovereignty. It is precisely because of this that everyone will find that today we can no longer use physical currency and use gold as currency. At the same time, let’s go back to the private issuance of currency, and the denationalization of currency is also not allowed. Today, many cryptocurrency enthusiasts cite a holy scripture, saying that Mr. Hayok said that currency should be denationalized. But Hayok's idea has not been implemented to this day, because it violates the trajectory and logic of currency development.
Let’s take a look at Bitcoin. Bitcoin uses very complex technology and rigorous mathematical operations, but its monetary system is highly imitated by gold, so we can see that its total amount is fixed, and it is reduced by half every four years, because gold reserves are fixed., the easier it is to dig out first, and the later it is, the harder it is to dig out. Therefore, the new output is theoretically lower and lower, and one day it will be dug out. The same is true for Bitcoin, with a total of 21 million. The content contained in every ten minutes is set by the system. It will be automatically halved every four years, and it will basically end by 2140.
You may have seen that there are some problems with the current credit currency, but if you think about going back in time and designing a new currency system based on gold, it itself violates the logic and rules of currency development. From this perspective, it It cannot be a real currency. These things can only be a kind of online virtual assets, or tokens or business district coins used in a business district. It does not necessarily have no value at all. Does it mean that gold has no value without currency? Still valuable, as long as you have real application scenarios.
Everyone will see things like Bitcoin. As long as it is in the Bitcoin circle that everyone recognizes, it also has a certain basis for circulation and use. Just like the current legal currency in China is RMB, it does not mean that there are no company meal tickets or shopping coupons in shopping malls.
Once it is determined that the currency belongs to the business district, its use within the business district must be strictly controlled and cannot be used outside the business district. Otherwise, it will challenge the application of legal currency. If it affects legal currency, it will definitely be subject to national sanctions. Supervision. As long as you get bigger and pose a threat to the legal currency system, it will definitely regulate you. Today you will see that this trend has already emerged, and countries are gradually beginning to strengthen the supervision of cryptocurrency. This is an issue we need to pay attention to.
Everyone knows that although Bitcoin imitates gold, its design is much stricter than gold, because it tells you how many coins it produces every ten minutes, and it cannot be adjusted manually. However, strictly limiting the output every ten minutes will cause a serious separation between the supply of money and economic development and changes in wealth, and then the value of the currency will be difficult to control at all. If Bitcoin is really like the one thousand US dollars in early 2017 to nearly 20,000 US dollars in November, some people say that it may be 100,000 US dollars or 200,000 US dollars in the future. If a Bitcoin is used as a currency, think about the fluctuations in the entire currency value. How big. Because if your stock price rises quickly, your stock price may drop significantly as well. More importantly, Bitcoin did not attract everyone's attention at the beginning. Many students played it in the dormitory. Because it was not valuable, the Bitcoin keys dug out in the early stage were lost and became death coins, and this could not be activated. About 17 million Bitcoins were mined today, of which 37.8 million were death coins. The original 21 million were very limited. If you remove another 37.8 million coins, the supply of this coin would be even greater. It’s limited. What's more, if it really has room for growth, many people will soon use it not as payment for coins, but as storage and collectibles, and the supply will be even more limited. So from these perspectives, people who are really engaged in currency will find that it is actually difficult for it to play the role of currency. It is more like a counterpart to currency, and it can be used as a store of value like gold.
Second, let’s look at areas like BitcoinCan blockchain subvert the world and what role it can play.
Bitcoin places great emphasis on decentralization, deintermediation, and peer-to-peer. But how to achieve decentralization? There must be a need for computers in society to join in running together and maintaining rules together. Because if the host that the system runs on is a host from a certain company, it is very easy for you to change the rules of the system. How can you say it is decentralized? Therefore, Bitcoin must require computers in society to participate in its operation. If everyone wants to participate, the first premise is that the system must be open source, and the automatic download can run immediately. It does not require a lot of testing to run online. Otherwise, it will not be able to cope with the social and global franchise system.
The second rule must be built into the system. The so-called encoding is the rule. Everyone is maintaining this rule while running this system. In the future, without the consent of more than half of the participating nodes, even the person who maintained the code at the beginning will not have the right to change the rules of the system. But it is not easy to achieve this. It requires consensus and encouragement. The final result is that the more we pursue decentralization and intermediation, the more we pursue decentralization and the formation of a completely closed network system. What do you see today that can run on Bitcoin? There is only one thing, Bitcoin. And where did Bitcoin come from? It is a chain-generated asset that is mined and has nothing to do with the real world. Because of this, it can achieve any change from the initial coin production to the coin. Each account is monitored by the entire network, which is difficult to tamper with and can be traced. Precisely because each account can maintain its authenticity, we can do it without knowing who the person behind the account is. As long as we ensure that the account is genuine, we can do transactions.
As a result, someone deduced on this basis that using the blockchain, you can do transactions without knowing who the other party is. Is this really the case?
Bitcoin’s decentralized and peer-to-peer transactions have strict prerequisites. It must be in a closed network system from the beginning. The assets traded can only be chain assets, and it is impossible to send real wealth to it. How can this solve real problems when real wealth cannot be put into operation? Therefore, Bitcoin still needs to be converted into legal tender today to realize its value. If it cannot be converted into fiat currency, its value will be significantly reduced. More Bitcoin interpretation: www.yangfenzi.com/tag/bitebi
The problem is that the Bitcoin blockchain itself has no exchange function, only mining, currency production and internal point-to-point transfers. There is no exchange function. To exchange, you must get out of the Bitcoin circle and enter a plug-in trading system. So you will see that there are many digital currency exchanges today. Problems with the exchanges do not mean that there is a problem with the Bitcoin system. The Bitcoin system is still safe today, provided that it is a completely closed system that is not affected by outside influences.
There is another one, the rule of Bitcoin’s currency production is how many coins every ten minutes. It forgets that currency and finance are connected. Finance requires loans to earn interest or investment dividends.Let’s take a look at the rules for Bitcoin’s interest-earning currency production. Are there any foreign currency production rates for loan interest-earning and investment dividends? No, it must be exchanged for legal currency. Only through legal currency can the needs for loans and investments be realized. If the Bitcoin blockchain is strictly used, the financial functions will be greatly affected, which is what we need to see.
Because of this, our Bitcoin blockchain brings a problem, which is that everyone imagines it very well. It is a brand new thing, but it is a completely closed system and cannot actually solve our real problems.
Therefore, the designers of Ethereum said that this would not work, and that it would become an online game. Practical problems must be solved in this thing, so Ethereum added a smart contract on which some private work can be done. However, the addition of smart contracts has broken the traditional isolation. Today, the security of Ethereum is weaker than that of Bitcoin.
At the same time, Bitcoin and Ethereum insist on network-wide verification and network-wide recording. When the volume increases, the storage space of the entire network will occupy a very large space, the efficiency is very poor, and the resources consumed are increasing. Today, some people are exploring whether further improvements can be made. For example, does it have to be verified and recorded across the entire network? Aren’t the existing banks just in two places and three centers, and haven’t there been any big problems? Can we select a certain number of core nodes here, such as 21 nodes or 31 nodes? EOS or something similar, the so-called blockchain 3.0, basically uses smaller nodes, and no longer records and stores the entire network at the same time.
This raises another question: Who will choose these core nodes? If one of your parties designates the core node, wouldn’t that mean there is no decentralization? So everyone is discussing whether we can compile a system that is decentralized when selecting nodes. It is still being discussed, and it is even further said that mining requires huge energy consumption. Is mining necessary? Similar to these aspects, blockchain is still being explored today.
So, at this point we can draw a conclusion that blockchain is still in its early stages of research and development. We may think that it has great room for development, but we should not easily say that it can subvert this and subvert this. That, at present, we can see that the real applications are very limited, and a lot of exploration is still needed.
It is from this perspective that I have been calling on everyone since last year to treat digital currencies and blockchain rationally. Judging from the current development stage and application scenarios, blockchain research and development will have two major branches: One branch will continue to focus on the development of the underlying technology, which is the research and development of the public chain, and continuously improve it. But you must know that the research and development of underlying technology and public chains requires a lot of long-term research and development, which is very difficult. We hope that someone will continue to follow this path to develop and make breakthroughs in a down-to-earth manner.
Another branch is application. This application should not think about a blockchain like Bitcoin, but focus on mining and coinage. I have been calling on everyone to find applications outside the paradigm of Bitcoin mining and coinage. What application are you looking for? Then stop pursuing decentralization and decentralization.Introduction, what is pursued is distributed processing of information, continuous encryption, traceability, non-tampering, etc., giving priority to these aspects to solve practical problems. From this aspect, we can see that there are many application scenarios, because this society is accelerating towards an information society.
First, we can look for other things that are not so closely related to our property or claims and debts. As you will see, BAT and others are now making online games. Whether it is raising cats or pets, it is an online application and does not involve real property or laws and regulations. The second is to do public welfare undertakings, such as donations. Money and goods go out in one direction and do not need to come back. There is no buying and selling relationship or loan relationship, but people care about whether this thing goes according to my wishes, so it can be traced and tracked. .
Going a step further, many of our administrative institutions now have a large number of documents, contracts, images and other things in government affairs. Can we help them push them to the chain and run them online to ensure that these things are authentic and legal? Yes, irreversible and can be checked at any time. This is all possible. Going one step further may be the future development towards the integration of so-called computer networking, information networking and value networking, that is, the integration of the physical Internet of Things. The so-called real solution to our practical problems may still take a while.
This is the communication I want to have with you. Blockchain is an integration of multiple technologies. Bitcoin is the first application, and it is also a very complete closed system so far. It is very safe, but it cannot solve practical problems. More and more people are discovering that the current Bitcoin blockchain or similar blockchains have an incompatible triangular relationship of "decentralization, high efficiency and security", so they must seek truth from facts and focus on solving real-world problems. , pay attention to the use of applications, and jump out of the paradigm of the Bitcoin blockchain. This is a basic point of view that I will share with you today for your reference.

Ⅷ 108 Essential Knowledge Points for Getting Started with Blockchain

Author: Kong Lin

61. Trapped

Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price to fall, but unexpectedly the currency price rises after selling

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but the currency price rebounded later and the loss turned into profit

63. Going short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, However, the currency price continued to rise, and I failed to buy in time, so I failed to make profits

64. Overbought

The currency price continued to rise to a certain height, and the buyer's power was basically exhausted. The currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

The currency price has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall., most of the short sellers have sold Bitcoin, and suddenly the short side pulls up the price of the currency, inducing the long parties to think that the price of the currency will rise, and they buy one after another. As a result, the short sides suppress the price of the currency, and the long parties are locked up

67 . Short-selling

After buying Bitcoin, bulls deliberately suppress the price of the currency, making short sellers think that the price of the currency will fall, and sell them one after another. As a result, they fall into the trap of bulls

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", which is a non-fungible token. Simply put, it is an indivisible token on the blockchain. The copyright certificate is mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currency is that it is unique and indivisible. In essence, it is a unique digital asset.

69. What is the Metaverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet) Composed of digital currency, which carries the function of value transfer in this world.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications established in open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, using traditional equipment (CPU, GPU) is becoming more and more difficult to mine bits, and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform trading means that when the price difference between different target platforms reaches a certain amount, sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software, such as Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. The unit price of a certain digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance

Okex

Huobi

83. Market software

Mytoken

Non-small account

CMC

84. Information website

Babbitt

Golden Finance

Coin World News

85. Blockchain Browser

BTC

ETH

< p> BCH

LTC

ETC

86. Wallet

Imtoken

Bitpie

87. Decentralized exchange

uniswap

88. NFT exchange

Opensea< /p>

Super Rare

89. Ladder

Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder

90. Platform currency

The digital currency issued by the platform is used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: rising market

Bear market: falling market

92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

Contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) For 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field to provide decentralized solutions for various industries

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a computer protocol designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. Simply put, an electronic contract is set in advance and once confirmed by both parties, the contract is automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (The simple understanding of production relations is the labor exchange and consumption relations, the core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no publisher, does not belong to any organization or country, and is operated by the Internet.A publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register and download the wallet online without real-name authentication. It is completely composed of encrypted digital codes. It can be sent and traded globally in real-time point-to-point without resorting to banks or any institutions. It cannot be traced by anyone without my authorization. ,Inquire.

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

105. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins< /p>

106. Who is Kong Lin?

Kong Lin: Digital Currency Value Investor

Investment style: Steady

p>

107. Konglin Investment Strategy

Combining long-term and short-term, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, steady and conservative, earning Cycle money

108. Konglin?

Welcome currency friends and seek common development

Ⅸ Cheers to GOC, the explorer of the public chain governance model!

Text/Feng Lan Rafting

Written in front

I remember that a certain boss once proposed how to structurally grow the public chain development of blockchain. , iteration, evolution, and repair process, tokens, applications and governance are the three core elements of the public chain, and a complete governance structure design is indispensable for achieving development goals. Only when the above requirements are met, the public chain block The chain countsImplementation in a real sense.

The exploration of public chain governance has always been a top priority in the development of blockchain projects, because it, together with the incentive mechanism, is the basic mechanism to promote the development of blockchain projects. However, under the trend of thinking that the interests of human nature come first, most blockchain projects still have insufficient awareness and insufficient attention in terms of governance, making advancement difficult.

I believe everyone has a deep understanding of the many problems that exist in the governance of UGC content platforms, because most platforms now adopt the incentive distribution logic of tokens: high lock-in, high weight, high return, here Stimulated by similar mechanisms, in order to earn more Tokens, some users post irregular comments and likes in an endless stream. They enjoy the considerable dividends brought by the lack of platform governance.

“Bad writing drives out good writing”. Because of this, some UGC platforms suffer from serious consequences caused by neglect of governance design in the early stage, resulting in governance deficiencies (defects). Some platforms have also launched various governance measures to remedy the situation, but these measures obviously cannot avoid the shortcomings of a high degree of human governance. Most of the time, "man-governed" is constrained by time and space, efficiency, ability and emotion, and the governance effect is not ideal.

Regarding the future of blockchain development, how to open the road to good governance is also urgent. I remember what teacher Yunpeng said: Good governance is the ideal state and ultimate goal of governance. Good people govern themselves. Good governance, good governance, and self-governance with good intentions.

The GOC blockchain consensus governance public chain initiated by the GOC Lab community, as a pioneer explorer of public chain governance, is opening the door to good governance for the joint construction of the blockchain ecosystem.

What is GOC?

GoCLab is a community focused on the exploration and innovative practice of blockchain governance models. The GOC (Governance of Consensus) blockchain consensus governance public chain initiated by the GOC Lab community is based on EOSIO As a base, it is an experimental and research public chain used to explore on-chain governance, models and tools, aiming to create a public chain with the best global governance practices.

GOC Lab has joined forces with GRAVITYPOOL, Fudan Blockchain Laboratory, PalletOne, EOSPEAL, MIXMARVEL, BlockGo, INTERCHAIN ​​Lab and many other outstanding projects and institutions in the blockchain field to explore and practice together for the future The governance model of "blockchain economy" minimizes trial and error costs, evolves the optimal governance model, and maximizes the participation and innovation of ecological members, striving to build the most valuable "blockchain economic community" in the blockchain world. ".

Innovation of GOC public chain governance mechanism: GN system governance nodes

According to the white paper: At present, a large number of participants in public chain projects are short-term investors, pursuing short-term capital gains.The decisions made did not consider the long-term development of the ecosystem at all; in addition, due to the lack of a reward mechanism and the small number of tokens held by participants who made important contributions to the initial construction of the system, they gradually lost their right to speak and left the ecosystem in large numbers, resulting in short-term investment The ecological problem of pollutants flooding is becoming more and more serious. The governance system designed by GOC can solve this problem well and retain these ecologically important "aboriginal people".

How to become a system governance node (GN)?

——Voluntariness principle: System governance nodes (GN) join voluntarily, and TOKEN holders only need to lock a certain amount of GOC tokens to become a system governance node. There is no limit on the quota. Any TOKEN holder who is interested in system governance and willing to participate in public chain governance can participate and participate in governance.

——Reflecting equality: Investors who own a small amount of tokens but are willing to participate in public chain governance and make effective suggestions for public chain governance have the opportunity to participate in the governance and construction of the ecosystem and ensure that their tokens are The holder’s right to speak.

——Avoiding concentration of power: The system governance nodes vote through the "one household, one vote" method instead of voting according to the number of tokens, which effectively avoids the loss of a small number of people due to large amounts of currency holdings. The resulting excessive concentration of power creates tendencies in ecological governance decisions and reduces the risk of participants holding large amounts of tokens controlling the system.

What can the system governance node (GN) do?

"System governance nodes" can vote and make decisions on proposals. Only voting "system governance nodes" can share the governance rewards, thus encouraging more people to actually participate in governance work. It’s not just about occupying a spot. The main work content of the system governance node includes:

- Review fund application proposals, vote for outstanding dApp projects, and use a part of the inflation tokens as funds to support the development of these projects;

——Review the materials provided by both parties to the arbitration and vote whether to support the request.

What are the sources of system governance node (GN) revenue?

The income of system governance nodes comes from tokens generated from inflation income. Part of it is used as financial support for outstanding projects in the system, that is, project fund application proposals, to promote the development of the system. Another part of the inflation income will be awarded to the system governance node GN as its voting reward. Note that only GN that has fulfilled its voting obligations are eligible for rewards.

GOC Public Chain Development Outlook

Since the launch of the GOC mainnet, it has successively entered platforms such as Lichang, and its development has been relatively slow. Perhaps the current thinking and positioning of GOC decentralized operations is a little too ahead of reality, and more patience is needed for understanding.

GOC as a decentralized organization, GOC lab communityIt is jointly initiated by multiple institutions (individuals). There is no concept of founder or project leader. It advocates a decentralized management and development model. The decentralized model delegates power to all users and amplifies the user's right to participate.

In short, GOC’s governance model has pioneered public chain governance. I believe that more discerning investors (communities) will definitely join the wave of GOC public chain construction and fully understand Understand the value and meaning behind it, and truly promote the sustainable development of public chains with ideas, vision, and real work.