区块链 新币,区块链新币种

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，新币种也越来越受到关注。新币种通过改变传统的货币体系，旨在改善货币的流通性、价值安全性和可靠性，从而推动金融科技的发展。今天，我们就来聊聊区块链新币种，拓展三个相关关键词：比特币、加密货币和去中心化货币。

比特币（Bitcoin）是一种去中心化的虚拟货币，是利用区块链技术发行的一种数字货币，它不受任何中央机构的控制，只能通过网络进行交易。比特币的发行量是有限的，比特币的价格受到市场供求关系的影响，也受到政策变化的影响。比特币的发行量是有限的，比特币的价格受到市场供求关系的影响，也受到政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。

加密货币（Cryptocurrency）是一种由密码学算法加密的数字货币，它是基于区块链技术发行的一种虚拟货币，它的发行量是有限的，价格受到市场供求关系的影响，也受到政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。加密货币的发行量有限，价格受到市场供求关系的影响，受到政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。加密货币的主要特点是它的安全性、去中心化、可追溯性和去中心化的交易等。

去中心化货币（Decentralized Currency）是一种不受中央政府或金融机构控制的货币，它是基于区块链技术发行的一种虚拟货币，其发行量是有限的，价格受到市场供求关系的影响，也受到政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。去中心化货币的主要特点是它不受中央政府或金融机构控制，它的发行量是有限的，价格受到市场供求关系的影响，也受到政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。

以上就是我们今天讨论的区块链新币种的三个关键词：比特币、加密货币和去中心化货币。它们都是基于区块链技术发行的虚拟货币，受到市场供求关系和政策变化的影响，未来价格的变化将越来越大。同时，它们也具有安全性、去中心化、可追溯性和去中心化的交易等特点，是新型货币体系的重要组成部分。

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Ⅰ What are the core blockchain technologies of blockchain technology?

What is the hottest topic on the Internet right now? You don’t need to tell me what the editor is saying, that is Blockchain technology, but many friends have only heard of this technology and do not have much in-depth understanding of it. So what are the blockchain technologies? Below we will bring you an introduction to the core technology of blockchain for your reference.
What are the core elements of blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology, which can be a public ledger (visible by anyone) or a permissioned network (visible only by those authorized), solves supply chain challenges , because it is an immutable record that is shared among network participants and updated in real time.
Blockchain technology----data layer: designing the data structure of the ledger
Core technology 1. Block + chain:
Technically speaking, block is a data structure that records transactions. Reflects the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain.
Each block consists of a block header and a block body. The block body is only responsible for recording all transaction information in the previous period, mainly including the number of transactions and transaction details; the block header encapsulates the current version number, previous A block address, timestamp (recording the time when the block was generated, accurate to the second), random number (recording the value of decrypting the answer to the math question related to the block), the target hash value of the current block, and the Merkle number Root value and other information. From a structural point of view, most functions of the blockchain are implemented by the block header.
Core technology 2. Hash function:
The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This kind of function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y=hash(x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
Commonly used hash algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512, etc. Taking the SHA256 algorithm as an example, inputting any string of data into SHA256 will result in a 256-bit Hash value (hash value). Its characteristics: the same data input will get the same result. As long as the input data changes slightly (for example, a 1 becomes a 0), a completely different result will be obtained, and the result cannot be predicted in advance. Forward calculation (calculating the corresponding Hash value from the data) is very easy. Reverse calculation (cracking) is extremely difficult and is considered impossible under current technological conditions.
Core technology 3. Merkle tree:
Merkle tree is a hash binary tree, which can be used to quickly verify the integrity of large-scale data. In the blockchain network, the Merkle tree is used to summarize all transaction information in a block and finally generateA unified hash value of all transaction information in this block. Any change in transaction information in the block will cause the Merkle tree to change.
Core technology 4. Asymmetric encryption algorithm:
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a key secret method that requires two keys: public key and private key. The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt it, thereby obtaining the corresponding data value; if the private key is used to sign the data, then only the corresponding public key can be used to sign the data. In order to verify the signature, the sender of the verification information is the holder of the private key.
Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm, while symmetric encryption uses the same key in the encryption and decryption processes.
Blockchain technology----network layer: realize the decentralization of accounting nodes
Core technology 5. P2P network:
P2P network (peer-to-peer network), also known as point-to-point technology, is no Central server, Internet system that relies on user groups to exchange information. Unlike a centralized network system with a central server, each client in a peer-to-peer network acts as both a node and a server. Domestic Xunlei software uses P2P technology. The P2P network has the characteristics of decentralization and robustness.
Blockchain technology----Consensus layer: allocate the task load of accounting nodes
Core technology 6. Consensus mechanism:
Consensus mechanism is how to reach consensus among all accounting nodes to identify The validity of a record is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. There are currently four main types of consensus mechanisms: PoW, PoS, DPoS and distributed consensus algorithms.
PoW (Proof of Work, proof of work): PoW mechanism, which is like Bitcoin’s mining mechanism, miners package existing transactions that have not been recorded by the network into a block, and then continue to traverse and try to find a random number , so that the hash value of the new block plus the random number meets certain difficulty conditions. Finding a random number that meets the conditions is equivalent to determining the latest block of the blockchain, and is also equivalent to obtaining the current round of accounting rights of the blockchain. Miners broadcast blocks that meet the mining difficulty conditions in the Yuanfu network. After verifying that the block meets the mining difficulty conditions and that the transaction data in the block meets the protocol specifications, other nodes in the entire network will each Blocks are linked to their own version of the blockchain, thereby forming a network-wide consensus on the current network state.
PoS (ProofofStake, Proof of Stake): PoS mechanism requires nodes to provide proof of a certain number of tokens to obtain a distributed consensus mechanism for competing for blockchain accounting rights. If you rely solely on the token balance to determine the bookkeeper, you will inevitably make the rich win, which will lead to the centralization of bookkeeping rights and reduce the fairness of the consensus. Therefore, different PoS mechanisms use different methods to increase the amount of money based on the proof of equity. The randomness of accounting rights avoids centralization. For example, PeercoinCoin) PoS mechanism, the Bitcoin with the longest chain age has a greater chance of obtaining accounting rights. NXT and Blackcoin use a formula to predict the next accounting node. The more tokens you own, the greater the probability of being selected as an accounting node. In the future, Ethereum will also switch from the current PoW mechanism to a PoS mechanism. Judging from the information currently available, Ethereum's PoS mechanism will use nodes to place bets on the next block. The winner of the bet will receive an additional Ethereum currency award. Those who do not win will be deducted Ether coins to reach consensus on the next block.
DPoS (DelegatedProof-Of-Stake, share authorization certificate): DPoS is easy to understand and is similar to the modern corporate board of directors system. The DPoS mechanism adopted by BitShares is that shareholders vote to select a certain number of witnesses. Each witness has two seconds of authority to generate blocks in order. If the witness cannot generate a block within the given time slice, The block generation authority is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. Shareholders can replace these witnesses at any time by voting. This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
Distributed Consistency Algorithm: Distributed Consistency Algorithm is based on traditional distributed consistency technology. Among them are Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithms that solve the Byzantine Generals problem, such as PBFT (Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm). In addition, distributed consensus algorithms (Pasox, Raft) that solve non-Byzantine problems are not explained in this article. This type of algorithm is currently a commonly used consensus mechanism in alliance chain and private chain scenarios.
Taken together, POW is suitable for public chains. If you build a private chain, it is more suitable to use POS because there is no trust problem in verification nodes; and because there are untrustworthy local nodes in the alliance chain, it is more suitable to use DPOS.
Blockchain technology----Incentive layer: Develop a "salary system" for accounting nodes
Core technology 7. Issuance mechanism and incentive mechanism:
Take Bitcoin as an example. Bitcoins are initially rewarded by the system to miners who create new blocks, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. At the beginning, miners were rewarded with 50 Bitcoins for each new block recorded, and this reward is halved approximately every four years. By analogy, by around AD 2140, newly created blocks will no longer receive rewards from the system. By then, the total number of Bitcoins will be approximately 21 million. This is the total number of Bitcoins, so it will not increase indefinitely.
Another source of incentives is transaction fees. When there are no system rewards for newly created blocks, the miners' income will change from system rewards to transaction fees. For example, when you transfer, you can specify 1% of it as a handling fee to be paid to the miner who records the block. If the output value of a transaction is less than the input value, the difference is the transaction fee, which will be added to the incentive for that block. As long as a given amount of electronic currency has entered circulation, the incentive mechanism can gradually be converted to rely entirely on transaction fees, so there is no need to issue new currency.
Blockchain Technology----ContractLayer: Giving the ledger programmable features
Core technology 8. Smart contract:
Smart contract is a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic, which is a decentralized and programmable system deployed on the blockchain. Implemented by letter sharing script code. Usually, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, scenarios that trigger contract execution, response actions under specific scenarios, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met.
The above is what blockchain technologies the editor has brought to you? All content of the introduction to the core technology of blockchain.

Ⅱ How to know the issuance of new blockchain coins

1. Go to coinlist from time to time to find new ones

2. Go to medium and search for ido from time to time. public sale, whitelist, etc., get the latest currency information as soon as possible

3. There are also pancakeswap ifo, polkastarter, bsclauch and other new projects to pay attention to

4. Of course, Twitter and Telegram are also required Make full use of it

5. You can also pay attention to the top10 on dextools, some new projects often appear in it
Extended information:
Virtual currency refers to non-real currency. Well-known virtual currencies include Internet coins of Internet companies, Q coins of Tencent, Q points, point coupons of Shanda, micro coins launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), Chivalrous Yuanbao (used for Chivalrous Road games) ), Pattern Silver (used in Bixue Qingtian game), the popular digital currencies in 2013 include Bitcoin, Litecoin, Infinity Coin, Quark Coin, Zeta Coin, Barbeque Coin, Penny Coin (external network), invisible gold bars, Red coins, prime coins. There are hundreds of digital currencies issued around the world. The legends of "Bit Gold, Lite Silver, Infinite Copper, and Penny Aluminum" are popular in the industry.
Currency Concept
There are many different views on the concept of virtual currency. The main representative views are the following three:
1. The theory of virtual exchange tools. Virtual currencies are defined as virtual exchange tools in online games and have no other uses or functions. This statement was adopted in the "Notice of the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Commerce on Strengthening the Management of Virtual Currency in Online Games" issued by the Ministry of Culture on June 4, 2009.
2. The theory of partial functions of currency. Virtual currency has some functions of real currency and is similar to currency but not currency. Some scholars divide virtual currency into three stages: primary virtual currency, hard currency primary virtual currency and advanced virtual currency. In the first stage, virtual currency was issued by non-financial institutions and circulated among a small range of merchants and holders with the help of computer networks; in the second stage, the circulation field expanded to all accepting primary virtual currencies.Currency merchants; the ideal third stage is to be issued by the central bank or a specific financial institution, and the virtual currency becomes a legal currency that can circulate in the virtual world. Current virtual currencies are only in their infancy.
3. Digital currency theory. Virtual currency is established based on mathematical algorithms and does not require the intervention of third-party credit institutions. It can be used by any agreed participant and can perform multiple currency functions in the online virtual space. For example, some scholars believe that digital currency is a virtual currency that is developed based on computer technology, uses strict mathematical algorithms or encryption technology to ensure security and exclusivity, circulates among virtual community members without supervision, and does not use physical media as a carrier.

Ⅲ Explain blockchain in vernacular

img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 '/

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. So everyone knows thisA transaction, everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergencySituation, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script codes to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Gazi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what decentralization is"", then the question "what is blockchain" can basically be explained. For Erga, of course, he must interpret a version that he can understand.

"I said, Gazi, the one at the east end of the village Are you still opening the canteen? "Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use scenarios of blockchain in modern business and financial models, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Now then Are there many villagers who take credit? By the end of the year, are some of the accounts unclear and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to acknowledge their accounts? " At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining that people are not as old as they used to be and business is hard to do!

"In the past, the operation mode of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You gave credit to the villagers and all the accounting was done. They are all directly connected to our villagers through you, and you are the center of all accounts. " Ergazi said he understood and let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the debts will become dead debts? It is estimated that it will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white. Forget about remembering those accounts orally, but the decentralization of the blockchain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, then the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of the blockchain is "decentralization"

"The The essence is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many nodes for accounting, it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others can refuse to pay, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to repay the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have any financial dealings with him in the future??"

Speaking of this, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was I was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I also felt a small sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow villagers to get paper The pen helps you keep accounts, but it is done through the Internet and computer networking. "

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then what others bought from me, wouldn't everyone in the village know it? Then who would buy things from me? There is really no privacy at all. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep procrastinating? "

"Okay, Gazi, your question is on point. "It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and he is very shrewd in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a picture of numbers and English. String, and each account has a timestamp to record the time of occurrence, which cannot be relied on. "

Gazi had another question: "Is it possible that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then you won’t be able to explain clearly at that time??”

“Gazi, that’s all you have, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill.Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete??"

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamps, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: “What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid, I had to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and helped you keep an account first, and then other people knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si will be able to get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

"Then speculating on Bitcoin is speculating on stocks? Can you understand it that way?" Gazi seemed to know a lot.

"Actually, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences." I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of the company, and there is government supervision in the stock market. And Bitcoin It itself has no value, and is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision, so it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks."

In the end. , Gazi revealed the true purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects?"

Gazi is a typical example of not going to the Three Treasures Palace for anything. Despite a large circle, both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, the question he really cares about is "Is investment in blockchain projects reliable?" When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now The so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining is to obtain returns by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, mining virtual currencies, and then selling them for cash. . You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.

As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" orThe "marketing" activities of investors often do not have any actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly called Gazi and conducted the above analysis carefully??

Ⅳ What is the Ecuadorian currency

The Ecuadorian currency is issued by the Central Bank of the Ecuadorian government. The issued digital currency

The Ecuadorian currency does not rely on the issuance of a specific currency institution. It is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Ecuadorian currency economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm and record All trading activities.

It does not belong to any individual, institution, bank, or country, so it cannot be closed. The Ecuador coin mining machine is mining 24 hours a day, and the mined Ecuador coins can be completed through the trading platform. To obtain profits from transactions, Ecuadorian currency mining refers to using the SCRYPT algorithm to collect and organize transaction information that has not been recognized by the entire Ecuadorian currency network in the past period, broadcast it to all nodes in the entire network, and finally be recognized by all nodes and obtain Ecuadorian currency. the process of. Mining is the only way to issue new coins, and it has a decisive impact on the issuance of new coins, maintaining the payment function of Ecuadorian currency, and ensuring system security.

Every Ecuadorian coin mined and transaction records are stored on a Blockchain (information chain). We call the newly added output or transaction record a Block. The average information update cycle on this chain is every day; based on the computing power of the mining machine, the output of the Block is approximately 3-78 blocks per day. , starting in September 2016, each Block contains approximately N Ecuador coins, that is, approximately N Ecuador coins are mined every day; Ecuador coins are mined using professional KnCMiner mining machines as much as possible. At present, Ecuador Coin has built a mining industry chain, including mining machine chip design and development, mining machine production and sales, mining machine hosting, mine farm deployment, computing power hosting, etc.

Ecuador Coin adopts new technology blockchain and has the six characteristics of virtual currency. Blockchain (Blockchain) is an important concept of Ecuador Coin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the Ecuador Coin. underlying technology. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about an Ecuadorian currency network transaction.Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. The blockchain is public on the web and can be queried on every offline Ecuadorian coin wallet data. The functionality of the Ecuadorian wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations to proceed. The Ecuadorian wallet uses online confirmations, which means that the blockchain data will not be downloaded to the device storage!

1 Completely decentralized: Without an issuing agency, it is impossible to manipulate the issuance quantity. Any external related industries and institutions have no right and cannot shut it down, and cryptocurrency prices may fluctuate. People who own cryptocurrency, and those who use cryptocurrency to trade and circulate, will never disappear because it is also a credit currency with value.

2 Openness: The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain data through the public interface. and develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.

3 Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment. This changes trust in "people" to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.

4 Anonymity: Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not require trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to pass Disclosing your identity creates trust in the other party, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.

5 No borders. Cross-border and cross-border remittances will go through layers of foreign exchange control agencies, and transaction records will be recorded by multiple parties. But if you trade with cryptocurrency, you just enter the account address, click the mouse, wait for the network to confirm the transaction, and a large amount of money is gone. It does not go through any control agency and does not leave any cross-border transaction records. It is convenient and fast, and banknotes are unparalleled.

6 Transaction fees: Any store that uses cryptocurrency transactions can save the cost of taxes and large fees for fund supervision. Global circulation is very convenient. It is a very popular currency transaction mode for people and merchants around the world. Ecuadorian currency has 0 transaction fees. Compared with Alipay, WeChat, and other third-party payment systems, it has an absolute advantage! Scarcity: It is based on computers around the world The open source code for calculating a set of equations is generated through a large amount of computing processing by computer graphics cards, mining machines, and CPUs, and uses cryptographic design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. Design based on cryptography allows cryptocurrencies to be transferred or paid only by real owners. Cryptocurrencies are not the same as other non-crypto virtual currencies. The total number of cryptocurrencies is limited and has a strong quantitative scarcity. Because of this set of equation technologies, the Ecuadorian currency can completely resist the pressure of inflation, allowing people to preserve and increase their wealth. Because the issuance quantity is constant, the materialRareness is valuable and it is not controlled by the central bank.

IV What exactly is blockchain? Blockchain is virtual currency

Let me tell you about blockchain in a layman’s terms. There is no need to use any advanced professional terms, because That's too difficult to understand. Let me give you an analogy to make sure you understand it at a glance.

Chinese mahjong can be understood as blockchain. If the four of you ABCD are going to play mahjong, who will say hello? If A greets, then A is the initiator of this block. A is responsible for finding the mahjong parlor. Organizer A can invite BCD, or B can invite C or C can invite D. It doesn't matter.

abcd gathered in a mahjong parlor and started playing mahjong. The process of shuffling the cards in the mahjong machine, drawing cards, and playing cards by abcd can be understood as a mining stage similar to Bitcoin in the blockchain.

Everyone has different cards, which is equivalent to the algorithm in the block, but there is a goal, and they are all for the purpose of cheating. Among them, A cheated, and bcd said nothing. , everyone knows at a glance that A has won. This is called the consensus mechanism in the blockchain.

A is messing up. After A knocked down the mahjong, bcd all know how A got confused and remember it in their hearts. If A wins 10 yuan, both AbCD and A will know that A wins 10 yuan. , this is called distributed accounting in the blockchain.

Everyone who plays mahjong knows what mahjong arrangement can be used, and everyone also knows what cards can be doubled, so this can be understood as a smart contract in the blockchain.

Everyone knows the final winning card of A after A is knocked down. No one can tamper with this result because everyone is watching it. This can be understood as the immutability of the blockchain. sex.

After A announced that he was cheating, everyone did not go to another person, such as E, F, G... to verify. The same was true after B won... no regulatory agency can control it They all manage themselves. This is the decentralization in the blockchain.

By analogy, the four buddies abcd played mahjong for a day, and abcd recorded the winning and losing of each game, no matter what method they used, whether it was brain memory, video recording, or notes. Well, the more they fight, the more they can reflect the immutability, decentralization, distributed accounting, and consensus of the blockchain...

At this point, you Now you basically understand what blockchain is, isn’t it very simple?

The second question is that blockchain is not a virtual currency. Virtual currency is just a part of blockchain technology.

Many people think that virtual currency is the blockchain and Bitcoin is the blockchain. This is actually wrong. It’s just that the fame of Bitcoin has brought blockchain into the public eye.

Satoshi Nakamoto invented Bitcoin using blockchain technology, and he defined Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.system, the term "electronic cash" indicates that what Satoshi Nakamoto wanted to invent was not just a payment system, but a monetary system with an independent monetary philosophy.

Today’s hotly-hyped virtual currencies, as well as mining, are resisted by many departments and countries. The fundamental purpose is not to waste resources, electricity, etc., but because people with blockchain technology Virtual currency has subverted traditional finance and can easily cause the collapse of traditional finance. I have talked about this in my previous Q&A, so I won’t go into details here.

It can be said that Satoshi Nakamoto and the Bitcoin he invented are the pioneers of the blockchain. It was Satoshi Nakamoto who brought blockchain technology into everyone’s field of vision. Blockchain technology is still widely used in finance, medical care, service industry, big data security...

Let’s talk about this big data. As we all know, the recent Didi incident due to big data security The impact is still quite large. If decentralization in blockchain technology is used, personal data can be obtained and saved through the blockchain. How can there be data leakage? In today's society, with the advancement of technology, as long as you use your mobile phone to connect to the Internet, you have no data security. Your personal information has already been leaked completely, so blockchain technology is inevitable for social progress. trend.

Let’s talk about blockchain. I hope you can learn something from it. You can also pay more attention to blockchain technology and improve your cognitive level. (Personally coded by hand)

Blockchain is an underlying technology that can issue virtual currency

Blockchain is a technology and a distributed decentralized Centralized technology, this technology can be applied to storage. Blockchain is not a virtual currency. Virtual currency is just a digital currency made using blockchain technology. Now, for example, the relationship between blockchain and digital currency is like, for example, if you build a dapp application mall on a certain chain, then you A token related to this mall can be issued.

The real connection between blockchain and virtual currency

What we are pursuing now is the application of blockchain technology. You develop a public chain and build many shopping malls, finance, defi, real estate, and tourism on this public chain. Such a dapp, this public chain has value, and then the tokens issued by this public chain have value, just like the current Ethereum, pi network

There are too many on the Internet now The so-called "blockchain digital currency", when we look at virtual currency, we look at what problems the public chain it is on can solve and what value it has, rather than blindly hype it. I think blockchain is the underlying technology. I think we only know The surface of blockchain.

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Author: Leng Leng's point of view

Block Chain is a technology, and virtual currencies like Bitcoin are products of applications on the blockchain.. There are many video explanations on my homepage.

In 2008, "Satoshi Nakamoto" first proposed the concept of blockchain in Bitcoin. Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and is the earliest and most famous blockchain. Implement projects.

Generally speaking, a blockchain is an immutable ledger maintained by nodes in a distributed network. These nodes each maintain a copy of the ledger by executing transactions verified by the consensus protocol. The ledger exists in the form of blocks, and each block is connected to the previous block through a hash.

Blockchain is not equal to virtual currency

Blockchain is not virtual currency. Virtual currency is an application of blockchain technology. Let’s put it this way, blockchain is the Internet, and virtual currency is Sohu or Tencent. Blockchain is infrastructure and the infrastructure of future networks. It is China's national strategic technology. It has been pushed to the forefront, and the next step of informatization is based on blockchain.

Blockchain is a computer model of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, and consensus mechanism. In simple terms, blockchain is a decentralized database. How to use this technology? Is the value reflected? Under the consensus mechanism, a technical thing like blockchain is formed to give a specific token, which is BTC

Blockchain: Blockchain is a distributed ledger, through decentralization, Centrally maintain a reliable database in a trustless manner. Take Alipay transactions as an example. The traditional transaction method is that the buyer purchases goods on the Taobao platform, and then transfers the money for the goods to the intermediary platform Alipay. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt of the goods, the buyer notifies Alipay to transfer the goods. The money is transferred to the seller's account. However, the transaction model supported by blockchain technology is completely different. Buyers and sellers can trade directly without going through any intermediate platform for credit transactions. After the transaction, the system publishes the transaction information to the P2P network in the form of broadcast, and all received The node or host of the transaction information will record the transaction after confirming that the information is correct. Virtual currency: Virtual currency on the Internet, such as Bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan Coin (FTC), Litecoin (LTC), etc. Bitcoin is an electronic currency generated by open source P2P software. Some people also paraphrase Bitcoin. "Bitcoin" is an online virtual currency. Mainly used for Internet financial investment.

Blockchain is a new type of Internet application technology, which uses emerging technologies such as distributed storage, cryptography, smart contracts, and consensus algorithms. It can be said to innovate existing Internet protocols. A new method of data transmission. At present, blockchain technology is constantly iterating

1. Blockchain 1.0, symbolizing the birth of Bitcoin; only with Bitcoin can the development of blockchain technology officially occur

2 , Blockchain 2.0, Ethereum decentralized application platform, Ethereum introduces smart contract applications, representsIt marks the beginning of a new era of blockchain technology; now everyone can create projects on Ethereum, and many good projects have been launched in recent years

3. Blockchain 3.0, DeFi Opening the era of decentralized finance, DeFi projects use smart contract technology to realize various functions of traditional financial institutions, such as derivatives, lending, trading, financial management, asset management, and insurance. There are currently mixed reviews for DEFI, which will take time to verify

Although the blockchain originated from Bitcoin, just like the first computer when the Internet first appeared, Bitcoin is mainly used by miners. Mining rewards