政务区块链机制,政务区块链落地项目
政务区块链：政务区块链是一种新型的信息技术，它将区块链技术与政府服务相结合，可以实现政府服务的安全、有效、可信的认证、存储、传输和共享。它的核心是区块链技术，它的特点是分布式账本、不可篡改、自动执行、共识机制、智能合约等。政务区块链是一种新型的信息技术，它可以改变政府服务的模式，提高政府服务的安全性和可信度，提高政府服务的效率，减少政府服务的成本，更好地满足公众的服务需求。
政务区块链落地项目：政务区块链落地项目是政府服务改革的重要组成部分，是政府服务改革进程中的一个重要环节。落地项目的实施，可以更好地发挥政务区块链的优势，推动政务区块链技术的深入发展，改善政府服务的安全性、可信度和效率，更好地满足公众服务需求。落地项目的实施，既可以提高政府服务的安全性和可信度，又可以提高政府服务的效率，减少政府服务的成本，更好地满足公众的服务需求。
政务区块链技术：政务区块链技术是政务区块链的核心，它是一种分布式账本技术，它的特点是不可篡改、自动执行、共识机制、智能合约等。政务区块链技术可以提供政府服务的安全、可信的认证、存储、传输和共享，从而改善政府服务的安全性、可信度和效率，更好地满足公众的服务需求。政务区块链技术还可以支持政府服务的多方参与、数据共享、实时审计等，从而提高政府服务的安全性、可信度和效率，更好地满足公众的服务需求。
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A. Application and analysis of blockchain in the field of government affairs
Blockchain has become a hot topic at the two sessions in 2020, in Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Hebei, The development of the local blockchain industry was mentioned at the local two conferences held in more than 20 regions including Jilin, Beijing, Chongqing, and Shenzhen. Judging from the content of the government work report, most local governments regard blockchain as a new growth point to assist industrial optimization and upgrading, smart city construction, and the digital economy. In particular, among the blockchain application scenarios mentioned in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shandong and other places, the government affairs field has become a flash point. According to incomplete statistics, as of now, more than 90 blockchain government applications have been completed or are under preparation.
B. How to detect the risk level of blockchain smart contracts
With the acceleration of the digital transformation of Shanghai city, blockchain technology has been widely used in government affairs, finance, logistics, justice, etc. It has been widely used in many fields. During the application process, not only new business forms and business models have been born, but also many security issues have arisen, so security supervision is particularly important. As one of the important means of supervision, security evaluation has become a focus of many blockchain R&D manufacturers and application companies. This article talks about some of our exploration and practice on the blockchain compliance security assessment that everyone is concerned about.
1. Blockchain technology evaluation
Blockchain technology evaluation is generally divided into functional testing, performance testing and security evaluation.
1. Functional testing
Functional testing is a test of the basic functions supported by the underlying blockchain system, with the purpose of measuring the capabilities of the underlying blockchain system.
Blockchain functional testing is mainly based on GB/T 25000.10-2016 "System and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Part 10: System and Software Quality Model", GB/T 25000.51-2016 "System and Software Quality" Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Part 51: Quality Requirements and Testing Details for Ready to Use Software Products (RUSP)" and other standards to verify whether the software under test meets the requirements of relevant test standards.
Blockchain function testing specifically includes networking methods and communication, data storage and transmission, encryption module availability, consensus function and fault tolerance, smart contract function, system management stability, chain stability, privacy protection, and interoperability , account and transaction types, private key management solutions, audit management and other modules.
2. Performance testing
Performance testing is a type of test implemented and executed to describe the performance-related characteristics of the test object and evaluate it. Most of them are used in project acceptance evaluation to verify the established Whether the technical indicators are completed.
Blockchain performance testing specifically includes high-concurrency stress test scenarios, peak impact test scenarios, long-term stable operation test scenarios, query test scenarios and other modules.
3. Security Assessment
Blockchain security assessment mainly conducts security testing and verification on account data, cryptography mechanisms, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, etc.evaluate.
The main basis for blockchain security evaluation is "DB31/T 1331-2021 General Requirements for Blockchain Technology Security". You can also refer to standards such as "JR/T 0193-2020 Blockchain Technology Financial Application Assessment Rules" and "JR/T 0184-2020 Financial Distributed Ledger Technology Security Specifications" based on actual testing needs.
Blockchain security assessment specifically includes storage, network, computing, consensus mechanism, cryptography mechanism, timing mechanism, personal information protection, networking mechanism, smart contracts, services and access, etc.
2. Blockchain Compliance Security Assessment
Blockchain compliance security assessment generally includes “Blockchain Information Service Security Assessment”, “Network Security Level Protection Assessment” and “Special Funding Projects” "Acceptance Evaluation" three categories.
1. Blockchain information service security assessment
Blockchain information service security assessment is mainly based on the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China on January 10, 2019 (hereinafter referred to as "Regulations") and refer to the national blockchain standard "Blockchain Information Service Security Specification (Draft for Comments)".
The "Regulations" aim to clarify the information security management responsibilities of blockchain information service providers, standardize and promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, avoid blockchain information service security risks, and provide blockchain Provide effective legal basis for the provision, use and management of information services. Article 9 of the "Regulations" states: Blockchain information service providers that develop and launch new products, new applications, and new functions must report to the national and provincial, autonomous region, and municipality Internet Information Offices for security assessment in accordance with relevant regulations.
The "Blockchain Information Service Security Specification" is a construction and preparation project led by the Institute of Information Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and jointly participated by Zhejiang University, China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, Shanghai Information Security Evaluation and Certification Center and other units. National standards for evaluating the security capabilities of blockchain information services. The "Blockchain Information Service Security Specification" stipulates the security requirements that blockchain information service providers of alliance chains and private chains should meet, including security technical requirements and security assurance requirements as well as corresponding test and evaluation methods, and is suitable for guiding blockchain Chain information service security assessment and blockchain information service security construction. The security technical requirements and guarantee requirements framework proposed by the standard are as follows:
Figure 1 Blockchain information service security requirements model
2. Network security level protection evaluation
The main basis for network security level protection evaluation includes "GB/T 22239-2019 Basic Requirements for Network Security Level Protection" and "GB/T 28448-2019 Network Security Level Protection Evaluation Requirements".
As an emerging information technology, the application system built by blockchain is also an object of level protection and needs to be evaluated for level protection in accordance with regulations. General requirements for level protection security evaluation are applicable to the evaluation of the infrastructure part of the blockchain, but have not yet been proposed.Blockchain-specific security requirements. Therefore, the expansion requirements for blockchain security evaluation still need to be further explored and studied.
3. Special fund project acceptance evaluation
According to the relevant regulations of the Municipal Economic and Information Technology Commission, information technology special fund projects are required to issue a safety evaluation report during project acceptance. The acceptance evaluation of blockchain application projects will be carried out in accordance with Shanghai’s latest blockchain local standard "DB31/T 1331-2021 General Requirements for Blockchain Technology Security".
3. Exploration and practice of blockchain security assessment
1. Standard preparation
Shanghai Assessment Center actively participates in the preparation of blockchain standards. Led by the Shanghai Evaluation Center, Suzhou Tongji Blockchain Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai Qiyin Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Moheng Network Technology Co., Ltd., the First Research Institute of Telecommunications Science and Technology and other units participated in the preparation of the blockchain local standard " DB31/T 1331-2021 "General Requirements for Blockchain Technology Security" was officially released in December 2021 and will be officially implemented on March 1 this year. The blockchain national standard "Blockchain Information Service Security Specification", which the Shanghai Assessment Center participated in the preparation of, is in the stage of soliciting opinions.
At the same time, the assessment center also participated in the compilation of primary and intermediate textbooks for blockchain engineering technicians organized by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and led by Tongji University, and was responsible for compiling the chapter "Testing the Blockchain System".
2. Project Practice
In recent years, the Shanghai Assessment Center has conducted a large number of blockchain security assessment practices based on relevant technical standards, including grade protection assessment, information service security assessment, project security assessment, etc. In the evaluation practice, the main security issues discovered are as follows:
Table 1 Blockchain is mainly a security issue
Serial number
Evaluation items
Problem description
1
Consensus Algorithm
The consensus algorithm uses Kafka or Raft consensus and does not support Byzantine fault tolerance or tolerate malicious node behavior.
2
On-chain data
On-chain sensitive information is not encrypted, and all data on the chain can be accessed through the query interface or blockchain browser.
3
Cryptographic Algorithm
The random numbers used in the cryptographic algorithm do not meet the randomness requirements of GB/T 32915-2016.
4
Node Protection
For the alliance chain, security protection measures failed to be configured for the area where the node server is located.
5
Communication transmission
When communicating between nodes, the blockchain and upper-layer applications, no secure information transmission channel has been established.
6
Consensus Algorithm
The number of nodes deployed in the system is small, and sometimes the number of fault-tolerant nodes required by the consensus algorithm is not even reached.
7
Smart Contract
The operation of the smart contract is not monitored, and it is impossible to detect and deal with it in time.Problems that arise during the operation of smart contracts.
8
Services and Access
Upper-layer applications have access control flaws such as unauthorized and unauthorized access, leading to business confusion and data leakage.
9
Smart Contract
Smart contract coding is not standardized. When an error occurs in the smart contract, the smart contract freezing function is not provided.
10
Smart Contract
The running environment of smart contracts is not isolated from the outside, and there is a risk of external attacks.
3. Tool Application
When the evaluation center organized and compiled the "DB31/T 1331-2021 General Requirements for Blockchain Technology Security", it has considered the connection needs with the level protection evaluation. The "infrastructure layer" security in DB31/T 1331 is consistent with the relevant requirements of the secure physical environment, secure communication network, security area boundary, secure computing environment, security management center, etc. of level protection, "protocol layer security", "extension layer" "Security" more reflects the unique security protection requirements of the blockchain.
Based on the relevant security requirements of DB31/T 1331, the assessment center is organizing and compiling extended blockchain assessment requirements. The relevant results will be applied to the network security level protection assessment tool - Assessment Expert. By then, evaluation institutions using the "Evaluation Expert" software will be able to carry out blockchain security evaluations accurately, standardly and efficiently, discover blockchain security risks, and put forward corresponding rectification suggestions
C. Layout area Which relevant departments in Shandong have started taking action on the blockchain project?
It has been ten years since the blockchain was proposed. In the past ten years, under the guidance and support of relevant domestic departments, the blockchain has penetrated into various areas. industry. Since 2017, the State Council and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have repeatedly proposed to actively promote domestic blockchain research, standardization development and industrial application in related fields. However, blockchain has not yet developed on a large scale in Shandong. Through mainstream search engines such as the Internet and 360, searching for keywords such as "blockchain + Shandong" can reveal some related deployment documents and policies in addition to blockchain. Except for support and a few companies that provide blockchain technology services, there are almost no specific application projects of blockchain. In recent years, relevant departments of the Shandong Provincial Government have also been actively promoting and deploying blockchain project construction.
➨On December 27, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued a notice on the "Shandong Province Producer Service Industry Development Layout Plan", aiming to accelerate the innovative development of the producer service industry in Shandong Province. Sustainable development and leading development. In the layout of the software and information technology service industry, it is emphasized that Jinan, Qingdao, and Yantai are the core nodes, focusing on the development of 12 industrial directions such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. Zhongzhexin Blockchain Co., Ltd. follows the layout planning trend of the Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission , actively deploy and explore blockchainImplementation of applications in real industries.
➨On October 28, 2018, the "Special Plan for the New Generation Information Technology Industry in Shandong Province (2018)" was issued by the General Office of the People's Government of Shandong Province and implemented by the Department of Industry and Information Technology of Shandong Province and other relevant departments. -2022), the notice emphasizes that we must grasp the development trend of the new generation of information technology industry, adhere to advanced layout, innovative leadership, and solidly promote disruptive technological innovation in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, virtual reality, and blockchain. , seize the opportunities and commanding heights for the future development of the industry. In exploring and promoting the development and application of blockchain technology, specific requirements are put forward, requiring accelerating the research and application of key technologies such as blockchain architecture, consensus algorithms, asymmetric encryption, fault-tolerance mechanisms, distributed storage, etc., to form blockchain infrastructure and solutions . Actively promote the in-depth integration of blockchain with big data, cloud computing and other technologies, expand blockchain application scenarios, and strengthen the application of blockchain technology in key industries such as finance, industry, energy, and medical care.
➨On March 13, 2019, the General Office of the Shandong Provincial People's Government issued the "Notice on the Digital Shandong 2019 Action Plan", which requires accelerating the innovative development of the big data industry and further improving the big data industry chain. , forming an industrial ecological system with innovative collaboration, reasonable layout, supporting industries, and scientific order (led by the Shandong Provincial Big Data Bureau and coordinated by all relevant departments). Emphasize the role of data as a basic resource and innovation engine, and promote the deep integration of big data with cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain, virtual reality and other technologies. Deepen the innovative application of big data in various industries, promote cross-field and cross-industry data integration and collaborative innovation, enhance development potential through cross-border integration, and cultivate new economic growth points.
➨On December 7, 2018, the General Office of the Shandong Provincial Government issued the "Notice on Promoting Supply Chain Innovation and Application" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"). The "Notice" points out that it is necessary to promote the innovative development of supply chain in Shandong Province and improve the level of supply chain development. Promote the integration of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and blockchain in the entire supply chain process to create a visual, perceptible, and adjustable smart supply chain. (The Shandong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Department of Commerce, etc. are responsible according to the division of responsibilities).
➨On December 29, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology issued the "Notice on the Announcement of the List of Projects for the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province in 2018 to enter the next round of comprehensive demonstration." Among them, two projects related to blockchain have entered the list, namely "R&D and Industrialization of Blockchain Platform Supporting National Cryptozoology Algorithms" by Pulian Software Co., Ltd. and "Efficient Scalable Zone to Support Supervision" by Qilu University of Technology "Blockchain Basic Support System Research and Development and Application Demonstration in the Clearing Field" project, which shows that blockchain projects have begun to play a role in the development of innovative technology projects.use.
In addition to various notices and layout plans, relevant provincial departments are also actively implementing the cooperation and construction of blockchain projects. On June 28, 2018, the Shandong Provincial Department of Commerce and SF Express Group signed a strategic Cooperation Agreement. The two parties will use their respective advantages to cooperate in areas such as the construction of modern supply chain systems and promote the integration of blockchain and other technologies with supply chains.
➨On July 26, 2018, Xie Weijun, Director of the Shandong Provincial Department of Justice, stated that blockchain technology should be promoted in related fields, explore the implementation form of "blockchain + judicial administration", and promote "district "Blockchain" technology is applied in judicial administration fields such as community corrections, notarization, and forensic appraisals.
The development of blockchain also requires the supervision and supervision of more departments, including the Office of the Network Security and Informatization Committee of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shandong Provincial Communications Administration, and the National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center. The "2018 Shandong Province Network Security Report" jointly released by the Shandong Branch Center pointed out that the security problems brought by new technologies such as 5G, IPv6, and blockchain will become increasingly serious. The Shandong Provincial Administration for Market Regulation (Intellectual Property Office) also provides services and supervision in industrial and commercial, intellectual property and other aspects.
Zhongzhexin Blockchain Co., Ltd. actively responded to the call of the Shandong Provincial Government, based in Jinan, relying on entities, and took the lead in creating the country's first tea blockchain project in Shandong, striving to create a new generation of information in the country A new frontier of technological development. Tea Chain World is based on blockchain technology and is a tea blockchain application that integrates artificial intelligence. It uses the characteristics of blockchain decentralization and trustlessness to achieve point-to-point interaction and transactions between the supply end and the consumer end. On the one hand, It solves the problems of enterprise operating costs, inventory, sales channels, etc.; on the other hand, the characteristics of blockchain such as non-tampering and traceability solve product quality problems. Products can be monitored in every link from source, production, processing, distribution to the hands of consumers. .
The tea chain world has introduced tokens, using blockchain token incentives to break the original business model and reshape the production relations of the tea industry. Through the consensus mechanism, each participant in the chain can collaborate with each other to jointly create value, and share corresponding rewards and equity certificates according to their contribution, which greatly mobilizes the enthusiasm and creativity of participants, thereby creating more value and fully stimulating Bring out the economic vitality of individuals and enterprises and promote the economic growth of industries. Taking real enterprises as the starting point and starting from the tea industry, it will drive the development of the real economy. Tea Chain World has realized all possibilities for the innovative development of tea companies, and has played a positive leading role in leading China's tea industry to new heights.
D. How to view blockchain electronic contracts to promote the digital development of government services
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Recently, the "14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" adopted at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress was officially released. Proposed: Promote blockchain technology innovations such as smart contracts, consensus algorithms, encryption algorithms, and distributed systems, focus on alliance chains to develop blockchain service platforms and application solutions in areas such as financial technology, supply chain management, and government services, and improve supervision Mechanism, in terms of smart government affairs, proposes: Promote the one-stop service of government affairs, promote the application of electronic certificates, electronic contracts, electronic signatures, electronic invoices, and electronic files, and improve the "good and bad" evaluation system of government services. With the rapid development of the digital economy, electronic contracts and electronic signatures have developed rapidly in the wave of digitization, networking and intelligence. Electronic contracts and electronic signatures, as the infrastructure for digital applications, have become core tools for the digital transformation of government and enterprises due to their advantages such as "convenience, efficiency, safety and environmental protection, and paperless operation", helping the government simplify the enterprise certification process and improve work efficiency. and service experience.
In the actual application scenarios of blockchain, government services have become the most widely used field. Whether it is real estate registration, social security, medical care, or taxation, blockchain has absolute advantages in breaking through data barriers and solving information asymmetry. "Blockchain + government services" can effectively solve problems such as government data sharing, fidelity and security, improve government supervision capabilities, and also help improve the efficiency and level of comprehensive government services. As a professional domestic blockchain electronic signing platform under Yibaoquan, Junzizhuan innovates the "blockchain + judicial + electronic signing" model and can provide government departments with identity authentication, electronic signatures, seal control, blockchain certificate preservation, One-stop electronic signing services such as judicial services, by deeply integrating reliable and mature electronic seal technology with blockchain technology, can provide strong technical support for cross-regional, cross-department and cross-level data exchange and information sharing, helping to open up Government services are provided "online-wide" and "one-stop" to accelerate the construction of digital government and enhance government digital service capabilities.
E. What are the policies to promote the development of blockchain?
Legal analysis: On October 25, national leaders presided over a collective study meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and listed blockchain as An important breakthrough for independent innovation technology.
In the 19 days since then, local governments have issued a total of 44 related policies to encourage the development of blockchain, involving 20 provinces.
Government affairs, medical care, finance and smart cities have become the areas where local governments value blockchain implementation most.
In the process of actively promoting the implementation of blockchain, local governments are also trying to combine their own advantages and local characteristics. For example, in Shanxi, energy has become a key area for blockchain implementation.
Legal basis: "The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" Article 3 Strategic Orientation: Promote high-quality development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period , we must base ourselves on the new development stage, implement new development concepts, and build newdevelopment pattern. Grasping the new development stage is the realistic basis for implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern. Implementing the new development concept provides an action guide for grasping the new development stage and building a new development pattern. Building a new development pattern is to respond to the opportunities and challenges of the new development stage. , strategic choices to implement new development concepts. We must persist in deepening supply-side structural reforms, lead and create new demands with innovation-driven, high-quality supply, and improve the resilience of the supply system and its adaptability to domestic demand. We must establish an effective system to expand domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, strengthen demand-side management, and build a strong domestic market. We must unswervingly advance reform, break down institutional obstacles that restrict economic circulation, and promote the circulation of production factors and the organic connection between production, distribution, circulation, and consumption. We must unswervingly expand opening up, continue to deepen openness based on the flow of factors, steadily expand openness based on institutions, and rely on the domestic economic cycle system to form a strong gravitational field for global factor resources. It is necessary to strengthen the leading role of the domestic general cycle, improve the efficiency and level of the domestic general cycle with the international cycle, and realize the mutual promotion and advancement of the domestic and international dual cycles.
F. Blockchain distributed storage: a new storage model for ecological big data
Blockchain is undoubtedly the most beautiful word in 2019, shining in the field of technology and shining in the real industry. .
The 1024 speech in 2019 gave the word blockchain a new look. In the past, it was always associated with pyramid schemes and fraud, and the word "blockchain" was always cast in a layer of gray. But now, blockchain is closely connected with the integration of the real economy and has become a strategic technology for the country. The word instantly shines with passionate red and vibrant green.
"Industrial blockchain" came into being in the context of this era. It is another hot word after "Internet". The core is that blockchain must be integrated with real industries and move away from virtuality to reality. , it is the right way to let blockchain technology find more business scenarios.
The essence of the blockchain is a database, and it uses a distributed storage method. As a blockchain practitioner, today I will talk about the sparks generated by the collision of distributed storage of blockchain and ecological big data.
Most of the current storage is centralized storage, which is stored on traditional centralized servers. If the server goes down or malfunctions, or if the server ceases operations, a lot of data will be lost.
For example, the pictures we post in WeChat Moments, the videos uploaded on Douyin, etc. are all centralized storage. Many friends will store things on the Internet, but when they open it one day, the web page will display 404, which means that the stored things have disappeared.
Blockchain, as a distributed database, can solve this problem very well. This is determined by the technical characteristics of the blockchain. Digital records on the blockchain cannot be tampered with or forged. Smart contracts allow everyone to collaborate more efficiently, thereby establishing a credibleThe digital economic order can improve the efficiency of data circulation, break data silos, and create a new storage model.
Ecological big data is actually closely related to our daily lives, such as daily weather forecasts, traceability data of agricultural products we eat, etc., which are all part of ecological big data. To talk about this combination, first let's take a look at the characteristics of ecological big data storage.
With the development of the Internet, currently, ecological big data has the following characteristics in terms of storage:
From the perspective of data scale, the volume of ecological data It’s huge, and data has jumped from the TB level to the PB level.
With the development of various sensor technologies, satellite remote sensing, radar and video sensing technologies, data not only comes from traditional manual monitoring data, but also includes aviation, aerospace and ground data. Together, they have generated a massive amount of ecological data. environmental data. In the past 10 years, ecological data has grown by hundreds of terabytes per year.
Ecological environment big data requires a combination of dynamic new data and historical data for processing, and real-time continuous observation is particularly important. Only by processing and analyzing these dynamic new data in real time and combining them with existing historical data can we unearth useful information and provide scientific decisions for solving ecological and environmental problems.
For example, in the current urban construction, the ecological environment restoration and ecological model construction advocated require a large amount of ecological big data to be used for analysis, modeling and plan formulation. However, currently a lot of historical data disappears due to improper storage, resulting in the loss of data value.
Since ecological big data has these characteristics, what are its storage requirements?
Currently, ecological big data is facing serious security risks, and strong secure storage is imperative for ecological big data.
The security of big data mainly includes the security of big data itself and the security of big data technology. For example, in the data storage of big data, data information leakage occurs due to external network attacks by hackers and improper human operations. External attacks include data transmission attacks on static and dynamic data, data content attacks, data management and cyber-physical attacks.
For example, many massive data for wild ecological environment monitoring require network transmission, which increases the risk of cyber attacks. If it involves some ecological and environmental data used by the military, if these data are obtained by hackers, they may infer some information about our military or obtain sensitive ecological and environmental data, with disastrous consequences.
The commercial application of ecological big data requires the integration of data from multiple sources of society such as governments, enterprises, and scientific research institutes. Only when different types of ecological environment big data are connected, collided and shared can the value of ecological environment big data be released.
With the currentTake the construction of smart cities as an example. Many cities have established comprehensive and multi-dimensional agricultural information big data centers for intellectual property, germplasm resources, agricultural materials, agricultural products, pests and diseases, etc. to provide full-process information services for agricultural production, supply and marketing. The construction of such a big data center is inseparable from the sharing of ecological big data among various departments.
However, ecological big data sharing faces huge challenges. First of all, my country's ecological environment big data includes big data from meteorology, water conservancy, ecology, land, agriculture, forestry, transportation, social economy and other departments, involving multi-field, multi-sector and multi-source data. Although these departments have currently established their own data platforms, these platforms are not connected to each other and are just isolated data islands.
Secondly, the relevant departments cannot share the data because they are unable to track the trajectory of the data and are worried about the ownership of the data’s interests. Therefore, in order to explore the potential value hidden behind ecological big data, achieving secure data sharing is the key, and it is also the premise and basis for the value of ecological big data.
Ecological big data is hard-won and is the collective wisdom of research institutes, enterprises, individuals and other social sources.
Among them, many ecological big data involve the protection of intellectual property rights. However, the current centralized storage cannot guarantee the protection of intellectual property rights and cannot perform traceability management of data use, which can easily lead to the infringement of intellectual property rights and the leakage of private data.
These are the storage needs of ecological big data. Today, with the rapid development of industrial blockchain, the distributed storage of blockchain can provide a new storage method for ecological big data storage. This core premise is the distributed storage, non-tampering and data tracking characteristics of the blockchain.
Using blockchain as the underlying technology, build such a platform to specifically store ecological big data. You can set up node management, storage management, user management, license management, business channel management, etc. Implementation of the underlying services of the blockchain network that provides high availability and dynamic expansion for upper-layer business applications. In the application layer of this platform, API interfaces can be built to make the use of the entire platform flexible and scalable. Blockchain distributed storage has the following characteristics:
Utilizing the distributed storage of blockchain can achieve truly secure storage of ecological big data.
First, data is never lost. This is particularly friendly to the historical data of ecological big data, making it easier to call and compare new and old data.
Secondly, data is not easily leaked or attacked. Because the data is stored in a distributed manner, if there is an attack, only the data fragments stored in some nodes can be obtained, and the complete data information or data segments cannot be completely obtained.
Blockchain can realize the storage and confirmation of ecological data, so as to avoid the infringement of intellectual property rights and achieve safe sharing. After all, lifeThe acquisition of dynamic big data requires ecological workers to be stationed in the wild all year round to extract data.
Ecological big data is hard-won and is the hard work of many ecological workers. It needs to be protected by property rights, so that the data can reflect its application value and commercial value, and the work motivation of ecological workers can be protected. They can go deep into the front line and collect more high-quality big data.
At the same time, the use of blockchain's data security sharing mechanism can also break down data barriers in departments such as meteorology, forestry, and wetlands, and build a safe and reliable data sharing mechanism to make data flow more valuable.
Nowadays, some ecological workers will tamper with ecological data for personal gain. If you use blockchain technology, it is not so easy.
Using encryption technology, the stored data is placed on a distributed storage platform for encryption processing. If the ecological big data changes, the platform can record its different versions to facilitate subsequent tracing and verification.
This protection mechanism mainly takes advantage of the non-tamperability of data to meet the requirements for data security in various business processes that use ecological big data.
The blockchain can provide secure monitoring of data, record the operation logs of the application system and the operation log data of the database, encrypt and store them on the system, provide log warning functions, and browse through the blockchain for abnormal situations The device is displayed to facilitate timely detection of illegal operations and the provision of evidence.
The above is the role that distributed storage of blockchain can play in ecological big data. In the future, there will definitely be many platforms for ecological big data storage.
Ecological big data is an important basic data for the construction of smart cities. Using blockchain technology to create a relevant ecological big data storage and management platform can ensure the safe storage and effective sharing of ecological big data and provide wisdom for the future. Contribute to urban construction and promote the development of industrial blockchain.
Author: Justina, WeChat public account: Miaoyishenghua, engaged in blockchain operations, good at content operations and overseas media operations.
The title picture comes from Unsplash, based on the CC0 agreement.
G. Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations
Article 1 is to regulate blockchain information service activities, safeguard national security and social public interests, and protect citizens, legal persons and other organizations legitimate rights and interests, and promote the healthy development of blockchain technology and related services, in accordance with the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services" and "Notice of the State Council on Authorizing the Cyberspace Administration of China to Responsible for the Management of Internet Information Content" 》, formulate these regulations. Article 2 Those who engage in blockchain information services within the territory of the People’s Republic of China must comply with these regulations. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.
This regulationBlockchain information services as defined in the Regulation refer to information services provided to the public through Internet websites, applications, etc. based on blockchain technology or systems.
The blockchain information service provider referred to in these regulations refers to the entities or nodes that provide blockchain information services to the public, as well as the institutions or organizations that provide technical support to the entities of blockchain information services. Organization; the blockchain information service users referred to in these regulations refer to organizations or individuals that use blockchain information services. Article 3 The Cyberspace Administration of China is responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services nationwide in accordance with its duties. The Internet Information Offices of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the supervision, management and law enforcement of blockchain information services within their respective administrative regions according to their responsibilities. Article 4 encourages blockchain industry organizations to strengthen industry self-discipline, establish and improve industry self-discipline systems and industry standards, guide blockchain information service providers to establish and improve service specifications, promote the construction of industry credit evaluation systems, and supervise blockchain information service providers Provide services in accordance with the law, accept social supervision, improve the professional quality of blockchain information service practitioners, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Article 5 Blockchain information service providers shall implement information content security management responsibilities and establish and improve management systems for user registration, information review, emergency response, and security protection. Article 6 Blockchain information service providers shall have technical conditions suitable for their services. For information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, they shall have immediate and emergency response capabilities and technical solutions for the release, recording, storage, and dissemination of information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. It should comply with relevant national standards and specifications. Article 7 Blockchain information service providers should formulate and disclose management rules and platform conventions, sign service agreements with blockchain information service users, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and require them to promise to abide by legal regulations and platform conventions. Article 8 Blockchain information service providers shall, in accordance with the provisions of the "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", provide blockchain information service users with their true identity information based on organizational codes, ID number, or mobile phone number, etc. Certification. If users do not authenticate their real identity information, blockchain information service providers shall not provide relevant services for them. Article 9 Blockchain information service providers that develop and launch new products, new applications, or new functions shall report to the national and provincial, autonomous region, or municipality Internet Information Offices for security assessment in accordance with relevant regulations. Article 10 Blockchain information service providers and users shall not use block chain information services to engage in activities prohibited by laws and administrative regulations such as endangering national security, disrupting social order, infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, and shall not use block chain information services to produce , copy, publish, and disseminate information content prohibited by laws and administrative regulations. Article 11 Blockchain information service providers shall fill in the name, service category, service form, and application of the service provider through the Blockchain Information Service Registration Management System of the Cyberspace Administration of China within ten working days from the date of provision of services. Domain, server address and other information, and complete the filing procedures.
Blockchain InformationIf an information service provider changes its service items, platform website, etc., it shall go through the change procedures within five working days from the date of change.
If a blockchain information service provider terminates its services, it shall go through the cancellation procedures thirty working days before terminating its services and make appropriate arrangements. Article 12 After the Internet Information Office of the State and the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government receive the filing materials submitted by the filing party, if the materials are complete, they shall be filed within twenty working days, a filing number shall be issued, and the filing shall be approved by the State Internet Information Office. The blockchain information service filing management system publishes the filing information to the public; if the materials are incomplete, the filing will not be granted, and the filing person will be notified within twenty working days and the reasons will be explained. Article 13 Blockchain information service providers that have completed registration shall indicate their registration number in a prominent position on the Internet websites, applications, etc. that provide services to external parties. Article 14 The Internet Information Office of the state and provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct regular inspections of blockchain information service registration information. Blockchain information service providers shall log in to the blockchain information service registration management system within the specified time and provide relevant information. Article 15 If the blockchain information services provided by a blockchain information service provider have information security risks, they shall make rectifications and comply with relevant laws, administrative regulations and other relevant provisions and relevant national standards before they can continue to provide information services. Article 16 Blockchain information service providers shall take warning, function restriction, account closure and other disposal measures against blockchain information service users who violate laws, administrative regulations and service agreements in accordance with the law and contract, and deal with illegal information content Take corresponding measures in a timely manner to prevent the spread of information, save relevant records, and report to the relevant competent authorities.
H. Has the blockchain technology standard system been perfected?
A few days ago, some experts said that blockchain is like the Internet in 1992. Standardization has not been completely completed, and applications and promotion will still be restricted, and it is in the early stage of technical reserve. Once standards are in place, various technological research and development can proceed.
One of the current priorities of the China Internet Finance Association in 2018 is to actively promote standardization construction. “Blockchain must have a new technical standard system, especially Establishing an authoritative third-party certification system is a top priority for the development of blockchain finance."
Although from the current point of view, regulatory authorities are paying considerable attention to blockchain, they are mainly concentrated in the financial field, especially in the second half of last year, strict control measures were taken against virtual currencies and ICO (initial coin offerings). , from the perspective of the development of the entire blockchain industry, laws and regulations are still relatively lagging behind. Compared with advanced overseas countries, there is a lack of specialized laws that define blockchain and govern its transactions and trading platforms.
I hope that the standards of blockchain can be improved as soon as possible.
Content source: Bit 110 Network
I. When will the national standard for blockchain technology be completed
my country has begun to establish a national standard for blockchain in order to top levelThe design promotes the construction of a blockchain standard system and is expected to be completed by the end of 2019 at the earliest.
In this regard, Zhao Wu, founder of Beijing Huashun Xin'an Technology Co., Ltd., also said that although blockchain has disruptive technological potential, we must realize that blockchain The chain is still in its infancy and is far from reaching the stage where it can disrupt the world.
Yu Kequn emphasized that an independent and controllable blockchain network is not technically controlled by others, but can also promote the healthy development of the blockchain. Security is the future life of the blockchain, and only its own security can bring blockchain technology to fruition. This requires us to pay equal attention to the development of its security attributes while developing blockchain technology, and even develop it ahead of time.
In this regard, Li Ming also said that an important part of the standard is the standard of information security, which also shows the importance of security for blockchain technology. He also pointed out that the formulation of blockchain standards does not mean that it will rapidly promote the development of the industry, but rather gives certain guidance to the industry. Previously, China had suffered a lot in terms of international intellectual property rights and standards. In terms of blockchain, China has now formed more than 200 patents in international blockchain, and has even stood at the forefront of the world's technology. Therefore, we also need to firmly grasp our right to speak.
Content source: Xinhuanet
J. How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios
Many people now think that blockchain is a Omnipotent technology, omnipotent, blockchain technology is somewhat of a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. in turnSynchronization, so that the data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people said that this is the arrival of a new era, and the past has become classic, and others To say that everything is hype is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao’s new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user’s real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated during the real-time solidification process. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.
Through the following limited cases, I hope everyone can understand the actual performance of blockchain technology, thereby stimulating interest in such solutions.
1. Administrative Services
Over the centuries, the roles and responsibilities of public administration have not changed significantly – or rather, what has changed dramatically is actually the size of the data and the specific ways in which public agencies handle it. Although various digital technologies already exist to help collect and process data, issues such as anonymization, portability, and the immutability of large amounts of data remain unresolved.
Sasha Ivanov, founder, entrepreneur and CEO of Waves Platform and Vostok projects, said, "What the public administration currently lacks is a more convenient user experience (UX) for data use. To improve the user experience , we should introduce some kind of layer to it that acts as a trusted public environment that is transparent and can store data anonymously and immutably."
Governments are working on this by launching the U.S. Federal agency and enterprise-level initiatives such as the Federal Blockchain Initiative are gradually confronting the existence of such problems. The United States held its first federal government blockchain forum in July 2017, and the U.S. General Services Administration currently has more than 200 related use case repositories. Ivanov explained, “Distributed systems can really help us build such a reliable environment, improve our big data work, and even integrate all emerging technologies – including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. In fact, , whenever we face any kind of technology, it always embodies the sum of certain other technologies."
Now, the system supported by the blockchain can actually work - this This view has been unanimously recognized by all experts and has become the most important theoretical basis. In other words, what we need to do next is to create more production facilitiesThread-based solutions.
2. Payment services
The government needs to process transactions, many of which involve the exchange of funds with citizens. Blockchain technology has huge potential application value in reducing the cost of fund transfers - including using new blockchain-based cryptocurrencies as intermediate transaction carriers, or using blockchain as a means of fund transfer, etc. Once a perfect solution is discovered, the business opportunities will be endless - especially for those who need to conduct frequent cross-border or Internet transactions.
The Jasper project was developed by the Bank of Canada to help it further think about how central banks and other financial institutions should implement payment operations between different banks based on distributed ledgers. The Bank of Canada has also developed its own digital currency variant, “CAD Coin,” to test the feasibility of using a national currency on top of the blockchain.
This project brings to an interesting conclusion that we should say no to proof-of-work public chain systems. In a paper titled "Project Jasper: Is a Distributed Batch Payment System Feasible?" the author observed that "Proof-of-work systems are not suitable for such large transaction processing systems because they assume that all transactions in the system are There is a need for openness and observability to a certain extent.”
3. Digitization and intellectual property
Governments are responsible for maintaining copyright records and databases. These records prove ownership of intellectual property. A blockchain-based system would allow artists, performers and writers of all kinds to time-stamp their works and theoretically detect copyright infringements and even keep a permanent record of their rights. In fact, many governments have already taken important exploratory steps in this direction.
Iran recently announced that it will deploy this technology. "Iran Financial Tribune" quoted Morteza Mousavian as saying that "the Digital Media Department of the Ministry of Culture has reached an agreement with a blockchain company to jointly design a system that can be used to protect online copyrights." He also added that "the relevant procedures will It will soon be released to users in an easy-to-use format."
This work is still in the early exploratory stages, but it offers enterprise customers the possibility of preserving records through replication technology. From a theoretical level, companies can use blockchain solutions to conduct financial accounting and discover errors in real time.
4. Welfare distribution
The government has the responsibility to create a level playing field for citizens. Citizens who are chronically poor or economically disadvantaged certainly need government support and assistance to ensure that they are able to sustain themselves and develop. However, welfare distribution is neither simple nor often straightforward. Problems such as corruption and impersonation have been wreaking havoc on various distribution channels within government schemes.
In China, all over the countryThe Social Security Fund Council is conducting early-stage research on how to use blockchain technology to improve the delivery of national benefits to citizens. At the same time, India is also taking action. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are already using blockchain to support their civilian resource supply systems.
It is said that many companies, including Microsoft, are also considering using the same technology. These solutions, which will touch individual employees and functional roles, are expected to gradually appear in small businesses in the near future.
5. Bidding activities
In order to build public infrastructure or provide related services, the government hopes to achieve economies of scale and competitive gains through bidding as much as possible. However, the bidding process is often not fair or transparent. Public procurement has long been a major scene of rampant corruption around the world. Transparency International noted that “many governments will award project contracts to a certain supplier in the absence of fair competition. This allows companies with greater political resources to improperly win over competitors; or companies in the same industry Bids will be negotiated in advance, ensuring that each company gets a share of the tender. This will significantly increase the cost of delivering services to the public - we have found that corruption issues can increase project costs by 50%."
So, how can blockchain technology solve the bidding problem? According to Ivanov, “Unlike decentralized centralized systems, independent ledgers powered by blockchain will be able to improve bidding or anything else that needs to be tracked. Transparency of financial processes. The intervention of blockchain technology will help track the use of funds and ensure that they are paid out as expected and within the allowed time."
Currently, Japan's internal affairs and The Ministry of Communications has announced a blockchain-based bidding system, which means that in industries with serious collusion problems, small and medium-sized enterprises are expected to usher in a more transparent bidding method and brighter development prospects.
Although quite a few of the cases mentioned previously are far from finalized, they do provide many possibilities for companies and governments. Of course, the key lies in implementation; and we should also look at all this with optimism, that is, although blockchain technology is often misunderstood, it is and will eventually find a direction in which it can exert its own energy!
< p> In layman's terms, the blockchain is like a dozen beacon towers on the Great Wall. If an enemy comes at one place, they will send out smoke. The other beacon towers will know about it and enter a defensive state together. In technical language, it is a distributed ledger. Each node keeps accounts separately. The failure of one or two nodes will not affect the entire network.
How is this distributed network different from the distributed servers of Google Network? Google Network's distributed servers still belong to Google Network and are controlled by their central scheduling algorithm. And blockThe distributed nodes in the chain do not know each other and have no legal affiliation. You can just go offline and shut down if you want, but because of the currency rewards, there will always be someone who will turn on the machine as a new node to support the network.
After the popular and technical explanation, I hope you understand. So the first application scenario is finance. I put my money in Alipay. If Alipay doesn't recognize it one day, there's nothing you can do. But on the blockchain, it is useless if one node does not acknowledge it, because other nodes still have my records. The second is the contract. Nowadays, contracts are made on paper and are easy to be faked. But if they are put on the blockchain, they cannot be faked.
There are more application scenarios. It is recommended to check the top 100 digital Huobi online to understand the corresponding projects behind them and become a blockchain expert. .
Blockchain technology was first used in Bitcoin. Blockchain provides a reliable and trustworthy means of organizing data for cross-subject business scenarios. JD.com is essentially a supply chain company, and blockchain technology will be first used in many scenarios of the supply chain.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. In the past, third-party confirmation was required.The information transmitted can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
What is blockchain If we use non-technical terms to explain blockchain, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone, so In the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place would be like a magical treasure.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15,728.64 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also the home of Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.4 times more.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
