北京联合天成区块链怎么样,北京联合天成价值网络科技

北京联合天成区块链是一家专业的区块链技术服务提供商，致力于为企业和政府提供高效、可靠的区块链技术解决方案。它拥有专业的技术团队，拥有多年的区块链技术研发经验，为客户提供安全、可靠的区块链技术解决方案。

首先，区块链技术是一种分布式账本技术，它是一种分布式数据库，可以存储和记录所有参与者之间的交易记录。它可以实现更高的安全性和可靠性，可以保护用户的数据安全，并且可以防止恶意攻击。北京联合天成区块链拥有专业的技术团队，可以为客户提供安全、可靠的区块链技术解决方案。

其次，价值网络是一种基于区块链技术的分布式网络，它可以实现点对点的数据交换，并且可以实现数据共享和数据存储。北京联合天成价值网络科技提供的价值网络服务，可以帮助客户更快更高效的实现数据共享和存储，并且可以实现更高的安全性和可靠性。

最后，拓展是指为客户提供更安全、更可靠的区块链技术服务。北京联合天成拥有多年的区块链技术研发经验，可以为客户提供安全、可靠的区块链技术解决方案，并且可以帮助客户拓展更多的应用场景，更好的满足客户的安全和可靠性需求。

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1. How about Northern Blockchain Co., Ltd.

Good. The one with the most capital is more attractive. The company's actual performance is higher than 44% of the companies in the same industry. The benefits are good and five insurances and one fund are paid. According to information from Tianyancha, Northern Blockchain Co., Ltd. was established in 2018 and is located in Beijing. It is an enterprise mainly engaged in technology promotion and application services.

2. What exactly is blockchain

From the perspective of its application, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database with decentralization , the file cannot be tampered with, leaves traces throughout the process, can be traced, is collectively maintained, and is open and transparent. Blockchain originated from Bitcoin, and the first blockchain was born on January 9, 2009.

Definition of blockchain

Blockchain can currently be divided into public blockchain, joint blockchain and private blockchain. Public blockchain means that any individual or group can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its publicity process. As the name suggests, joint and private blockchains refer to a combination of multiple individuals or groups, and an individual or a company has exclusive write access to the blockchain. Basic difficulties

3. What are the blockchain companies?

——The following data sources and analysis are from the "Business Model Innovation and Analysis of China's Blockchain Industry" published by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute. In-depth analysis report on investment opportunities.

——Original title: Analysis of the market status and development trends of China’s blockchain industry in 2019. Widespread implementation of applications to accelerate the construction of digital China

Analysis of the industrial chain of the blockchain industry: There are many downstream application fields with huge development potential

From the perspective of the industrial chain, my country's blockchain industry includes upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure; midstream blockchain applications and technical services;

Downstream blockchain application fields and other links. Upstream hardware, technology and infrastructure mainly provide necessary hardware, technology and infrastructure support for blockchain applications. Among them, hardware equipment includes mining machines, mining pools, chip manufacturers, etc.; general technologies include distributed storage, decentralization transaction, data services, distributed computing and other related technologies.

Downstream application fields include the combination of applying blockchain technology with existing industries, mainly including the financial industry, logistics industry, copyright protection, medical health, industrial energy and many other fields. As an emerging technology, blockchain There are many downstream application fields and huge development potential.

Midstream blockchain applications and services include basic platform construction and the provision of technical service support. The basic platform construction is divided into general basic chains and vertical domain basic chains; technical service support includes technical support and service support. Support is similar to upstream related technologies, and is responsible for providing buyers with a series of technical support based on blockchain products such as blockchain security protection; service support includes a series of services such as digital asset trading venues, digital asset storage, and media communities.

Analysis of the industrial chain of the blockchain industry

Source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

4. How does blockchain solve electronic certificate deposits? The self-certification problem in

Electronic certificate storage refers to the self-certification problem that is realized through time stamps, hash algorithms, and electronic signature fingerprint authentication information confidentiality techniques, which are all legally valid.
1. Timestamp: A true event record that proves when and where the event occurred. It is a third-party trusted time in my country built by the National Timing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing United Trust Technology Services Co., Ltd. Poke authentication service. The National Time Service Center is responsible for time service and punctuality monitoring
2. Hash algorithm: For example, if we register an account on a multiplication network, if the website saves the password, no matter how secure the website is, it will There is a risk of theft. But if you use the hash value of the password instead of saving the password, there is no such risk, because the hash value encryption process is irreversible.
Currently, there are many far-sighted companies involved in this field. They generally use a third-party organization to store certificates on the Multiplier Network and create a commercial confidentiality system. However, they cannot technically modify the data. Currently, they can use "block "Chain" technology can solve this self-certification problem very well.

5. In the competition among emerging public chains, who will be the first to rival Ethereum?

This video was jointly produced by Baize Research Institute and Tencent News.

Due to the explosive growth of the DeFi and NFT fields on the Ethereum public chain, it is difficult for Ethereum's performance to carry greater market demand, but the official solution of Ethereum 2.0 is progressing slowly. While everyone is concerned about whether Ethereum can surpass Bitcoin, Ethereum's "competing products" are also launching a powerful offensive against Ethereum through performance, smart contract applications, audience groups, etc. So who will be the first to compete with Ethereum?

Hello everyone, welcome to Baize Research Institute. Starting from this episode, let’s talk about the recently popular emerging public chains. First of all, to understand the public chain that this series will talk about, we must first understand some basic concepts. What is blockchain? What is a public chain? Why are so many emerging public chains rising to challenge Ethereum, the most popular blockchain?

The concept of blockchain was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin, in 2008. Conceptually, blockchain is a method of storing data in blocks. Distributed ledger technology that is sequentially connected and cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Simply put, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party participation.

For ease of understanding, in essence, the blockchain is a database. But this database is a bit special. It is a distributed and decentralized database.. Everyone knows about databases, but how do we understand distribution and decentralization?

Let me take myself as an example. I, Heimi, used to live in a haze, never knowing how much I earned and where I spent it. Later, an expert gave me some advice, saying that you can't do this. You must learn to keep accounts, figure out your income and expenses, and learn to plan, so that your life will be better and better. Once I hear it makes sense, I'll keep the account.

I started to record every day, how much I earned in a month, how much I spent, and how much was my balance. I wrote them all down. The notebook I used to keep accounts can be called a database, and each item written in the notebook was written down. The income and expenditure items are the data in the database.

But now I am doing accounting alone and have only one database. One day my laptop was burned by fire, the account book was gone, and the database was gone.

Ever since, I mobilized my parents to keep accounts with me. When checking, we will use most of the same records as a consensus. In this case, there will be three ledgers keeping accounts at the same time. Even if one day, my laptop is burned down, their laptops will still be there, and the data will not be lost. This is a distributed, decentralized ledger, and its The advantage is that the data is safe, there is no unique center, and it doesn’t matter whose data is lost.

In order to facilitate reconciliation, the three of us check the daily income and expenditure records and record them on another piece of paper. We can call this piece of paper a block. We record one piece of paper per day and one block. Then a block is recorded, and when connected together, it is called a blockchain.

Okay, let’s summarize it here. First, the accounting notebook is a database. Second, it is distributed and decentralized. The three ledgers are jointly recorded. If the records are the same, then they are all valid; if there are differences, then the majority of the same records will prevail. The three ledgers are in the hands of three people and cannot be destroyed at the same time. The data is absolutely safe.

Such a distributed, decentralized ledger or database is a blockchain.

Ok, after understanding the concept of blockchain, let’s understand the different types of blockchain. According to the rules of node access, blockchain can be divided into: public chain, private chain, and alliance chain.

A public chain can also be called a public chain. The code is open source and decentralized. On this kind of blockchain, any individual or organization in the world can initiate transactions at any time, and anyone can Can participate in the blockchain consensus. Even the founder or development team of this public chain cannot infringe on the rights of users. The public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. For example, the well-known cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are based on the public chain.

Alliance chain, also called joint blockchain, is an organization that designates multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all selected nodes. Others Admitted nodes or users can participate in transactions, but will not be involved in the accounting process. So, the allianceIn fact, the chain can also be called a "hyperledger".

A private chain can also be called a private chain. As the name suggests, it only uses blockchain technology for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, with exclusive rights to this blockchain.

It should be noted that investment in cryptocurrency is strictly prohibited in our country. This video is mainly to introduce readers to the development trends in the field of blockchain technology. It is not recommended that everyone participate in currency speculation.

In the past few years, the development pace of public chains has been accelerating, and hundreds of large and small public chains have emerged. Among them, the more well-known public chains include: BTC, ETH, BSC, Polkadot wait.

Due to the explosive growth of the DeFi and NFT fields on the Ethereum public chain, it is difficult for Ethereum's performance to support greater market demand. Ethereum is the first but not the only blockchain to support smart contracts. Although the development team is aware of the performance limitations and is seeking to improve it through the development of Ethereum 2.0, progress has been slow. While everyone is concerned about whether Ethereum can surpass Bitcoin, Ethereum’s “competing products” are also launching a powerful offensive against Ethereum through performance, smart contract applications, audience groups, etc. After all, who doesn’t want to replace Ethereum has become the mainstream operating system in the entire crypto world, which includes various Layer 2 solutions and some emerging public chains that have expanded the capacity of Ethereum in recent years.

In the second half of this year, it can be said that a "public chain battle" broke out in the encryption industry. Solana public chain fired the first shot, and then Avalanche public chain announced a total liquidity of US$180 million. The mining plan enables multiple leading DeFi projects to be integrated into Avax; the Fantom public chain invested 370 million FTM tokens to launch an ecological incentive plan; some leading DeFi projects jointly invested US$100 million to support the development of the Celo public chain. Rather than a comparison between emerging public chains such as Solana, Terra, and Avalanche, it is better to say that emerging public chain groups are challenging their predecessors such as Ethereum, BSC, and Polygon. From this point of view, the structure of the public chain market has completely changed.

In fact, if you think about it carefully, the rise of emerging public chains such as Solana, Terra, Avalanche, and Fantom is not because of the so-called "blockchain performance surpassing Ethereum." The real reason behind it is actually the cross- The popularity of chain bridges in various public chains will be discussed later.

If the future blockchain world is really the coexistence and interconnection of multiple chains as industry experts say, then the story of emerging public chains is far from over. Some other star public chains have also emerged in this public chain battle, such as Celo, Near, Algorand, Harmony, etc. Their comprehensive strength is not inferior and they are gaining momentum.

ChainDD only provides relevant information display and does not constitute any investment advice

6. The Beijing Internet Court and the blockchain certificate storage system "IP360" achieve seamless integration

Recently, the IP360 platform evidence has been connected with the Beijing Internet Court litigation platform. Submitted evidence can be submitted to the Beijing Internet Court platform after providing evidence through the IP360 platform.

On the afternoon of September 25, the Dongcheng District Court of Beijing made a judgment on the case of JD.com infringing the right to network dissemination of information on the works of the Chinese Online Digital Publishing Group. In this judgment, the court adopted the IP360 forensic data evidence provided by Zhenchen Technology, confirmed the legal validity of the electronic data stored using blockchain technology, and clarified the review and judgment method for electronic evidence stored in the blockchain.

This is the first time that the Beijing Dongcheng District Court has made a judgment on an intellectual property case based on blockchain evidence, which has aroused widespread concern from the public and also laid a good foundation for the completion of the docking with the Beijing Internet Court. Base.

But nationwide, this is not the only case in which “blockchain + certificate storage” has been recognized by the court.

Subsequently, on September 7, the Supreme People's Court issued regulations on several issues in the trial of Internet courts. The regulations clearly state that “the electronic data submitted by the parties shall be authenticated through electronic signatures, trusted timestamps, hash value verification, blockchain and other evidence collection, fixation and anti-tampering technical means, or through electronic evidence collection and storage platforms. If it can prove its authenticity, the Internet court should confirm it.”

With the establishment of Internet courts in Hangzhou, Beijing, Guangzhou and other places, the blockchain evidence storage system is undoubtedly an important part of the construction process of Internet courts. The biggest highlight. In the case where traditional electronic data itself is easily tampered with, blockchain, as a "distributed storage technology", has the characteristics of irreversibility and non-tampering. Through blockchain smart contracts, business rules are abstracted into digital contracts and embedded in blockchain for execution. , and can be verified, ensuring that every step is carried out strictly in accordance with the pre-set process, thus ensuring the authenticity of electronic data. In the case where Chinese Online won a lawsuit against JD.com for the right to disseminate information on its work information network, it was through online evidence collection through the blockchain evidence storage system "IP360". It is understood that the system is based on the certificate storage and confirmation platform independently developed by legalXchain, a judicial alliance chain owned by Zhenchen Technology. Working with the Ministry of Public Security, judicial appraisal, notary offices and other institutions, the review and identification of electronic evidence can be completed online, greatly improving litigation efficiency.

Compared with traditional litigation methods, "blockchain evidence storage" is undoubtedly a huge progress. With the continuous upgrading of blockchain technology, future litigation resolution will only be more fair and efficient.

7. BT40 | Blockchain Thinkers Closed Seminar (Issue 6))

Time:

July 18, 2020 (Saturday) 14:00-18:00 pm

Place:
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Online (preliminarily decided to use Tencent Conference, the conference number and conference password will be notified separately)

Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40)

Blockchain Professional Committee of China Mobile Communications Federation

Blockchain Working Committee of China Circulation Industry Management Political Research Association

Blockchain Professional Committee of China Association for Trade in Services

Blockchain Professional Committee of China Communications Industry Association

Computer Agriculture Application Branch of Chinese Agricultural Society

China Blockchain Ecological Alliance

China Blockchain Research Alliance

Peking University Blockchain Club

Beiyou National University Science and Technology Park Institute of Financial Technology

Mr. Guo Shanqi: Consensus Founder of Consenomics, founder of the Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), chief consensus economist of the Blockchain Working Committee of the China Circulation Industry Management Political Research Association, and Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation Deputy Secretary General.

Professor Wang Zhongmin: PhD in Economics, professor, doctoral supervisor, national expert with outstanding contributions, enjoys special allowance from the State Council, former vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Member, member of the 9th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Professor Chen Xiaohua: Digital economist, founder of blockchain economic theory, review expert for major projects of the Industrial Internet (blockchain direction) of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Director and Chief Digital Economist of the Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation, Secretary-General of the Digital Economy Development Research Group of the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association, Director of the Financial Technology Research Institute of the National University Science and Technology Park of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Tsinghua University Global Private Equity Member of the Think Tank of the Equity Research Institute, expert member of the Blockchain Laboratory of the School of Digital Finance of Zhejiang University, off-campus tutor of the School of Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, part-time professor of the School of Information Management of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, and a national developmentThe Reform Committee is in charge of the column expert of "Financial Circle" magazine and the expert consultant of the Xiongan New Area Construction and Development Research Center.

Main representative works: "Internet Financial Risk Control", "Introduction to Financial Technology", "Artificial Intelligence Reshaping the World", "Revealing the Secret of Blockchain", "5G New Momentum" and other books, 8 consecutive books In 2017, he was rated as an "Advanced Individual" in the industry education and training work of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and won the title of China's Economic Leader of the Year in 2017.

Invited to be interviewed by CCTV, Phoenix TV, BTV, China Business Network and other TV programs. As a guest, I have been invited to attend the World VR Industry Conference, Digital Expo, China-ASEAN Expo, China FinTech Expo, World Internet of Things Conference, China Integration Conference of Informatization and Information Technology, China Electronic Information Expo, China Higher Education Expo, etc. and gave keynote speeches.

Professor Cao Huining is a professor of finance at Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, academic director of the MBA in Finance, and a member of the American Finance Association. He has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Twice nominated for the best paper in the Journal of Finance (1998 and 2000); won the Best Paper Award in Emerging Markets by the Northern Finance Association; won the Best Paper with the Most Investment Value by the Western Finance Association Award; won the third prize for the best paper at the 2004 China Finance International Annual Conference; in 2011, won the 2011 "Spängler IQAM" Best Paper Award for Excellence from "Financial Review", one of the world's top financial academic journals; selected in 2016 The 2016 Most Cited Chinese Researchers list released by the world-famous publishing group Elsevier; serves as a member of the editorial board of Annals of Economics and Finance and the chief editor of International Financial Review and China Financial Review .

Dr. Liang Wei: Digital economy expert, co-founding partner of Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), director of China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory, Computer Society of China District Blockchain professional committee member, co-leader of the Telecommunications Working Group of the Trusted Blockchain Alliance, consultant to the Asian Blockchain Society, editor of blockchain-related projects of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), with more than ten years of experience in emerging ICT (cloud computing/big data/Research, development and management experience in the fields of artificial intelligence/blockchain and communication networks. He has presided over more than 10 major national and corporate projects, published a total of 24 academic papers, authorized 12 invention patents, 1 US patent, 6 leading international standards, 3 software copyrights, and published 3 monographs. "Blockchain in a Simple Way: Core Technology and Project Analysis", with a preface by a blockchain instructor from the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the first blockchain monograph in the communications industry.

Tan Lin: Chief Ecological Officer of Beijing Big Data Research Institute, founder of MA Club, former CEO of Microsoft Accelerator (Beijing), and former researcher of Peking University Smart City Research Center.

Professor Xiong Yu, Chair Professor of the Business School of the University of Surrey, UK, Doctoral Supervisor, Academician of the Institute of Sustainable Leadership (CISL Fellow) of the University of Cambridge, UK, Adjunct Professor of the School of Computer Science, University of York, UK, Royal Registered engineer, member of the All-China Youth Federation, vice president of the Chongqing European and American Alumni Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Youth Federation, concurrently serving as co-director of the Northeast UK Innovation Monitoring Agency (a British government intermediary agency that promotes innovative development in the Northeast of the UK), UK-China Entrepreneurship Development Executive Chairman of the Association, initiator of the 21st Century Sino-British Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, President of the British International Innovation Center, member of the Expert Committee of the British Parliament's Cross-Party Blockchain Group, Co-Chairman/Chairman of the Management Committee of UKEX, a London-based blockchain financial company.

Mr. Wang Donglin, cloud computing infrastructure/blockchain infrastructure technology leader, well-known entrepreneur, China's top ten young scientists, China's top ten outstanding youths in the software industry, the first China Outstanding Engineer, OASIS International Industry Chairman of the technical committee of the standards organization UOML-X, China's outstanding private technology entrepreneur, and one of the top ten leading entrepreneurs in China's software industry. He has successively founded Shusheng Electronics (invented electronic seals), Shusheng Cloud (cloud computing technology leader), and YottaChain (storage public chain market). Ranking first in terms of market share), Ystar (a wallet that users feel comfortable using)

Di Qianfang, Director of Beijing Lianghua Cloud Network Intelligent Technology Center, Deputy Director of China Industrial Development Center, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University , deputy secretary-general of the Blockchain Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation, and former economic analyst at the Information Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

1. Professor Wang Zhongmin, former vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, member of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

2. Chen XiaohuaProfessor, Director and Chief Digital Economist of the Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Mobile Communications Federation, Secretary-General of the Digital Economy Development Research Group of the China Science and Technology System Reform Research Association, and Director of the Financial Technology Research Institute of the National University Science and Technology Park of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.

3. Professor Cao Huining, professor of finance at Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, academic director of the Finance MBA, member of the American Finance Association, and has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

4. Dr. Liang Wei, co-founding partner of Blockchain Thinkers Forum 40 (BT40), director of China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory.

5. Zhang Lu, Secretary-General of the Blockchain Committee of Chongqing Internet of Things Association, Head of China Telecom Group Blockchain and Digital Economy Joint Laboratory (Chongqing).

6. Tan Lin, chief ecological officer of Beijing Big Data Research Institute, founder of MA Club, former CEO of Microsoft Accelerator (Beijing), former researcher of Peking University Smart City Research Center

7. Mr. Wang Donglin, cloud computing infrastructure/blockchain infrastructure technology leader, well-known entrepreneur, China's top ten young scientists, China's top ten outstanding youths in the software industry, the first China Outstanding Engineer, OASIS International Industrial Standards Organization UOML-X Technology Chairman of the committee, China's outstanding private technology entrepreneur, one of the top ten leading entrepreneurs in China's software industry, has successively founded Shusheng Electronics (invented electronic seals), Shusheng Cloud (cloud computing technology leader), and YottaChain (temporarily ranks first in the storage public chain market share) , Ystar (a wallet that users can use without any sense)

8. Di Qianfang, director of Beijing Lianghua Cloud Network Intelligent Technology Center, deputy director of China Industrial Development Center, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, China Mobile Communications Deputy Secretary-General of the Federation’s Blockchain Committee

9. Professor Xiong Yu, Chair Professor of the Business School of the University of Surrey, UK, PhD Supervisor, Academician of the Institute of Sustainability Leadership (CISL) of the University of Cambridge, UK Fellow), adjunct professor at the School of Computer Science, University of York, UK, Royal Registered Engineer, member of the All-China Youth Federation, vice-president of the Chongqing European and American Alumni Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Chongqing Youth Federation, and concurrently co-director of the Northeast Innovation Monitoring Agency in the UK (a British government intermediary agency, Promoting innovative development in the North East of the UK), Executive Chairman of the China Entrepreneurship Development Association in the UK, initiator of the 21st Century Sino-British Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, President of the British International Innovation Center, member of the Expert Committee of the British Parliament's Cross-Party Blockchain Group

10. Professor Xie Jinlong, executive deputy director & secretary-general of the Blockchain Professional Committee of the China Association for Trade in Services, visiting professor at the Foreign Business and Trade College of Chongqing Normal University

11. Wang Zishang: Vice President of Hainan Blockchain Association, founding CEO of Shangfang Shares (835872), has been operating Shangfang for 18 years, author of "Chain Organization" and "Cloud Management", founder of TokenSky Chain Alliance, director of China Artificial Intelligence Industry Development Alliance

12. Chen Lei, member of the Blockchain Thinkers 40 Forum (BT40), founder of Bit Blue Whale, secretary-general of Peking University Blockchain Club, standing member of the China Communications Industry Association Blockchain Committee , Member of the Blockchain Special Committee of China Mobile Communications Association, Distinguished Expert of Beijing Urban Big Data Research Institute, Director of China Blockchain Supercomputing Industry Alliance

13. Lu Xinzhi, senior business observer, financial technology news Founder of Media Matrix

14. Researcher Sun Zhiguo, Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

15. Lu Yan, Deputy Secretary-General of the Blockchain Professional Committee of China Mobile Communications Federation

16. Jiang Hong, Executive Secretary-General of China Blockchain Research Alliance

17. Yu Xiaokun, State Grid Blockchain Laboratory, State Grid 2020 Blockchain Chain Chief Architect

18. Zhang Liang, Chief Solution Architect of Lenovo Group

19. Tian Yong, Technical Director of Guizhou Electronic Certificate Co., Ltd.
< br /> 20. Dr. Li Qianqian, China Agricultural University

21. Dr. Cao Hao, associate professor at Anhui Institute of Science and Technology (Ph.D. in cryptography)

22. Li Mingyang, China Enterprise Digital Head of Economic Channel

Mr. Guo:

tel: +86-10-82051290

cell: +86-13301289389
< br /> WeChat: CheeyeTHU

Tok: 75A7B3

Instructions about Tok:

1. User registration does not require a mobile phone number or email address. All you need is a username and set password. The system generates a 76-bit HASH value (consisting of 16 values ​​​​from 0 to 9 and A to F) based on this user name. This HASH value is the user's ID.

2. The system has no central server and is a point-to-point encrypted communication based on blockchain technology. No one knows the content of the conversation except the people participating in the conversation.

3. Warm reminder: Remember your username and password, TOK does not existThe problem with password reset is that because there is no central server, no one knows your password except you, and TOK is no exception.

8. Is there any reliable public chain in the blockchain industry?

Is there any reliable public chain in the blockchain industry?

In the blockchain industry, both practitioners and investors must be familiar with public chains. Whenever a new project is born in the industry, it must have something to do with the public chain. But in fact, looking at the entire blockchain industry, there are not many mature and stable public chains. Currently, there are three main system types in the blockchain industry: public blockchain, joint blockchain, and private blockchain.

Public blockchain is often referred to as a public chain in the industry. It means that any individual or group in the world can participate in the accounting and transaction process of the entire system, and at the same time, its transaction records can be effectively obtained by the system. Confirmed blockchain mainnet, in the industry, we usually call this publicly writable nature "open source". The public chain is the earliest and most widely used blockchain system in the industry.

United blockchain, also known as alliance chain, the alliance chain system is not open source, but multiple pre-selected nodes are designated as bookkeepers within a certain group, and each block is generated by all The pre-selected nodes jointly decide that other nodes can participate in transactions but have no right to participate in the accounting process. It is essentially similar to the custody accounting in the financial industry and can be called a "semi-centralized" blockchain system. This system is more stable, but is not suitable for wide-scale popularization and application.

Private blockchain is a private chain. This kind of system is more closed and simply uses the underlying technology of the blockchain for the accounting process. However, its network system is not open source, but the developers have exclusive writing rights. The developer here can be a company or an individual. Currently, many traditional financial industries want to try private chain development, but their application products are still being explored.

Among the above three system types, the public chain system is undoubtedly the one that attracts the most attention from the industry. Compared with the other two types, the public chain has the advantages of open source, decentralization, and wide ecological scenarios, and is also more conducive to global promotion and layout. However, due to various reasons such as technology, capital, and time, the industry’s public chain research situation is generally not optimistic.

The three most well-known public chains in the industry, the Bitcoin public chain, the Ethereum public chain, and the EOS public chain, all have different problems. The closed system of the Bitcoin public chain forms an island of value, which cannot be solved by a hard fork; the problems of Ethereum transaction congestion and excessive handling fees are always difficult to solve; and within EOS, due to insufficient ecological scale, it is difficult to support excellent ecological applications. At the same time, the CPU Problems such as skyrocketing and insufficient memory gradually emerged.

In short, in order to determine whether a public chain is reliable, you need to understand whether the operating logic of its public chain network itself is stable, whether its ecological structure capacity is sufficient, whether its community consensus is strong, and whether its applications Is the sceneIt has long-term hematopoietic function, etc. Of course, the blockchain industry is currently in the development and exploratory stage, and it will take time to prove a reliable and stable public chain.

9. Blockchain is an interlocking computing system

Blockchain is an interlocking computing system

Area Blockchain is an interlocking computing system. Blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system. Blockchain is an interlocking computing system. Blockchain technology utilizes " "Blockchain data structure" to verify and store data

Blockchain is an interlocking computing system 1

Blockchain is an interlocking computing system

Blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system; from an application perspective, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which is decentralized, cannot be tampered with, leaves traces throughout the process, and can Traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency and other characteristics.

The operating environment of this article: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Blockchain is an interlocking distributed computing system.

What is blockchain?

From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper, the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper [9], chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will be effective from February 15, 2019.Implementation.

As an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies, the security risk of blockchain is regarded as a major shortcoming that currently restricts the healthy development of the industry. Frequent security incidents have sounded the alarm for the industry. To embrace blockchain, we need to accelerate the exploration and establishment of a security system that adapts to the blockchain technology mechanism.

Type

Public Blockchain

Public Blockchains (Public Block Chains) refer to: any individual or Any group can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world. .

Consortium (Industry) Blockchains

Industry Blockchains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block The generation is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes (the pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process). Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting, and the pre-selected nodes How much and how to decide the bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), anyone else can make limited inquiries through the open API of the blockchain.

Private Block Chains

Private Block Chains: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual. With exclusive write access to the blockchain, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. Traditional finance is trying to experiment with private blockchains, while applications of public blockchains such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and application products of private blockchains are still being explored.

Features

Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the encryption of private information of all parties to the transaction, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. , so the entire system information is highly transparent.

Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for appointAny human intervention.

Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.

The blockchain is an interlocking computing system 2

The role of the blockchain

1. Data storage in the blockchain: block chain data structure

In terms of data storage, blockchain technology uses "blockchain data structure" to verify and store data. What does the blockchain structure mean? We can think of it as an iron chain. Each link can be regarded as a block. Many links are linked together to form a blockchain.

The difference from ordinary stored data is that on the blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.

2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm

In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses "distributed Node Consensus Algorithm" to generate and update data.

Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), it needs to be approved by more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network through an algorithm to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is voting. More than It can be generated with the consent of half of the people, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.

At this point, we can understand the blockchain as a ledger that everyone can keep accounts. Then the consensus algorithm is an accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and agrees on.

3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography

Blockchain uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and the cryptography principles it applies Mainly include hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, Base58, etc. These principles, in fact, ensure the security of data on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.

4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts

A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is a contract executed with code. set of trading rules.

Just like when you buy Coke from an automatic retail machine, click the purchase button, and a bottle of Coke will automatically drop out for you after payment. The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.

2. The role of blockchain

From the definition of blockchain, it is not difficult to see that one of its major characteristics is trustworthiness. The most important thing is that it also has the ability to Features such as centralization, non-tamperability, traceability, and anonymity.

These characteristics determine that it can be applied to many industries, solve the pain points of these industries, and empower the real economy. This is why blockchain is gradually recognized.

According to China Economic Net, Li Guangqian, a researcher at the Information Center of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said, "The application of blockchain in China has extended from the financial field to the physical field, including electronic information storage, copyright management and transactions, products Traceability, digital asset trading, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields." Blockchain technology has begun to deeply integrate with the real economy industry, forming a number of "industrial blockchain" projects, ushering in the industrial blockchain" A great era when a hundred flowers bloom.

Next, we will list several areas of blockchain application to help everyone understand the role of blockchain in our lives.

1. Product traceability

In my country, e-commerce giant JD.com and Ant Financial, a subsidiary of Alibaba, have some implementation in blockchain product traceability. E-commerce companies use open blockchain service platforms to help companies deploy anti-counterfeiting traceability of goods, which has been widely used in milk powder, health products, rice and other products. In 2018’s “Double 11”, more than 150 million products from hundreds of countries and regions were traceable through blockchain.

2. E-Government

Based on blockchain technology, it can solve the pain points faced by traditional e-government and add government, financial, regulatory and other institutions into the blockchain ecosystem. Enable data sharing. Based on the traceability of blockchain, it can ensure that data security is not tampered with; at the same time, since in the blockchain system, it is each node that maintains data security, this makes government affairs more open and transparent, and facilitates supervision.

According to a report by Chain Tower Think Tank, there are currently 17 blockchain e-government applications in my country, involving seven major segmented scenarios: government auditing, digital identity, data sharing, public supervision, electronic bills, Electronic certificate deposits, export supervision, etc.:

3. Electronic invoices

Blockchain electronic invoices have become the application scenario with the most application cases of blockchain technology.

On August 10 last year, “the world’s first blockchain electronic invoice” was launched in Shenzhen, with Tencent Financial Technology as the underlying technology provider. In the past year, Shenzhen has issued 8 million blockchain electronic invoices, and more than 5,300 companies or institutions have opened blockchain invoices.

These enterprises or institutions cover a wide range of areas, including banks, subways, taxis, finance and insurance, retail, real estate, tourism, hotels and restaurants, etc. People only need to carry their mobile phones and rely on the payment records on their mobile phones to issue blockchain invoices at any time.

4. Supply chain finance

The core of finance is "credit". Whether it is a loan or financing, it is inseparable from "credit". The idea of ​​“decentralization” provided by blockchain is positiveIt is the most appropriate technology to solve the trust problem. The distributed storage model can promote the sharing of credit information among commercial banks and core supply chain enterprises, and provide enterprises and banks with efficient and convenient information transmission channels.

3. The new wave of blockchain has begun, and there is a huge talent gap

We can find that blockchain is penetrating into our daily lives. In recent years, we have seen that many universities around the world have opened blockchain-related courses. Blockchain learning and education have become a general trend, which also reflects the current market demand for blockchain talents.

10. What is the future development trend of blockchain?

Major companies in the industry: Ping An of China (601318), Donggang Co., Ltd. (002117), Information Development (300469), Yuangguang Software ( 002063), Boss Software (300525), Feitian Integrity (300386), Sifang Jinchuang (300468), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), SF Holding (002352)

The core data of this article: Chinese government blockchain recruitment Number of bids and types of Chinese government blockchain tenders

my country’s blockchain market has maintained a high growth rate

From 2016 to 2018, large IT and Internet companies have deployed blockchain. Start-ups have entered a blowout mode, and the industry scale continues to expand. According to IDC data, China's blockchain industry has experienced changes from a market size of US$85 million in 2017 to an industry scale of US$561 million in 2020. In terms of the number of enterprises, in 2020H1, my country provided blockchain professional technical support, products, solutions and other services, and the number of new blockchain enterprises with input or output reached 303, a year-on-year increase of 274.07%.

From a year perspective, from 2016 to 2020, the number of government tenders for blockchain-related projects has been growing exponentially. On the one hand, it benefits from the increasingly prominent application value of blockchain technology. On the other hand, it also reflects that the government’s demand for and emphasis on blockchain has increased.

Tendering projects are mostly concentrated in the second half of the year

Judging from the release times of tenders and tenders over the years, the time for the government to issue tender announcements for blockchain-related projects is concentrated in the second half of the year, especially from September to December In September, more than 50% of government blockchain projects issued bidding announcements from September to December. This reflects that the government is more cautious in project decision-making and has a more systematic project promotion process. It usually discusses and formulates annual work plans at the beginning of the year, conducts project approval after the two sessions, and starts to focus on bidding and construction after July.

The Beijing Municipal Government has the most blockchain bidding projects

From the regional distribution of bidding units, from 2016 to 2020, the number of government and scientific research institutions participating in blockchain project bidding Covering more and more provinces, government departments in 10 provinces issued blockchain project bidding announcements from 2016 to 2019, and 8 new provinces will be added in 2020. Judging from the number of tenders, the governments and scientific research institutions in Beijing and Guangdong are relatively active, and the total number of tender projects ranks among the top. The reason is that the two places have a good foundation for development, with a concentration of universities and scientific research institutes. They are both pioneers in my country's reform and opening up and the vanguard of information technology innovation. Compared with other regions, the government has greater demand for blockchain innovation.

The number of application development projects is growing rapidly

Among the 113 projects released by the government, each project has its own focus and can be roughly divided into application development and related facilities procurement ( There are four categories: laboratory equipment procurement, experimental platform construction, etc.), technical research, and others (feasibility analysis, development strategy consulting, etc.). Judging from the changes in the number of bidding projects, bidding projects for blockchain application development are growing rapidly.

Taken together, as my country’s blockchain technology continues to mature, the implementation of blockchain-related applications in various industries has gradually accelerated.

The above data refers to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.