区块链知乎同室
今天我们要介绍的是区块链技术，它是一种新兴的数据存储和交易技术，可以用来记录和管理金融资产，以及其他数字资产，如智能合约等。其中，我们要介绍的三个关键词是：区块链知识图谱、区块链智能合约、区块链应用。
区块链知识图谱：区块链知识图谱是一种基于区块链技术的知识管理模型，它可以更有效地存储和管理大量的知识数据，以及与之相关的网络结构。它可以构建一个可扩展的、可扩展的、可查询的知识图谱，以支持区块链应用的发展。它可以帮助企业更好地理解区块链技术，并且可以更加有效地管理和使用区块链技术，从而更好地满足企业的业务需求。
区块链智能合约：区块链智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的智能合约，它可以在区块链网络上实现自动执行的合约，从而实现自动执行合约的目的。它可以帮助企业更有效地实现合同的自动执行，从而减少合同执行的成本，提高企业的效率。此外，它还可以帮助企业更有效地实现供应链金融，从而提高企业的融资能力。
区块链应用：区块链应用是指利用区块链技术开发的应用程序，它可以更有效地实现数据存储和交易，从而改善企业的业务流程。它可以帮助企业更有效地实现跨境资金流动，从而提高企业的国际竞争力。此外，它还可以帮助企业更有效地实现供应链金融，从而提高企业的融资能力。同时，它还可以帮助企业更有效地实现对接融资，从而提高企业的融资效率。
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⑴ What is blockchain
On May 27, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Office of the Central Cybersecurity and Information Technology Commission issued the "About Accelerating the Promotion of Blockchain "Guiding Opinions on Blockchain Technology Application and Industrial Development" (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Lianxinfa [2021] No. 62), the document defines blockchain as follows:
Blockchain is an important part of the new generation of information technology and is New database software that integrates distributed networks, encryption technology, smart contracts and other technologies is expected to solve the trust and security issues in cyberspace through data transparency, difficulty in tampering and traceability, and promote the transformation of the Internet from transmitting information to transmitting value. Construct the information industry system.
Blockchain is the cornerstone of building trust and a trusted network that enables credit transfer and value transfer. Reliable blockchain infrastructure allows enterprises and governments to quickly and efficiently build blockchain networks and industry applications, achieve reliable and rapid flow of capital, logistics, and information flows, and achieve efficient and credible collaboration, helping to reduce collaboration costs and improve Efficiency
The current application of blockchain + industry mainly has the following directions:
Blockchain + insurance industry, insurance companies can optimize business processes and reduce risks through the needs on the blockchain. Customers who purchase insurance have a full, objective and comprehensive understanding of data;
Blockchain + supply chain enables information in all aspects of the supply chain to be updated and shared in real time, making it easier for personnel in each link to understand the latest information and make correct and objective decisions. business judgment.
Blockchain + medical industry, blockchain information cannot be tampered with, ensuring the accuracy and uniqueness of medical data; establishing patient electronic health records, recording real patient health data, and obtaining authorization to view through private keys, that is, protection The collection of sensitive personal data also facilitates doctors to make more accurate treatment plans.
⑵ What is blockchain and how to evaluate blockchain
First of all, don’t think too advanced about blockchain. It is a database that is distributed around the world and can operate collaboratively. Storage systems are different from traditional database operations - read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (centralized characteristics). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up server nodes can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own nodes locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics). At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. Finally, all nodes around the world will complete synchronization one after another according to a certain mechanism, thereby achieving The data of all nodes in the blockchain network are completely consistent.
Blockchain itself is a technology, therefore, it cannot be a scam. Just like the "p2p" finance that has become popular in recent years, how many scammers are disguised as P2P concepts and illegally absorb public resourcesGold, defrauding people of their hard-earned money? But is "P2P" guilty? It is just a person-to-person model of Internet finance. It not only creates profits, but also lifts thousands of people out of poverty, achieving a win-win situation for both those who are helping the poor and those who are being helped. Bihui Digital Currency Trading Platform
The existence of problems cannot hinder the development of the blockchain. The proposal and in-depth research of technologies such as simple payment verification, side chains, and lightning network protocols are already part of the blockchain The chain actually solves the problem.
⑶ What kind of technology is "blockchain"?
What kind of technology is "blockchain" Blockchain (Blockchain) is a bit An important concept of currency, the "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by Huobi, Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance Internet Finance Laboratory and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and foundation of Bitcoin. architecture. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Account book. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and utilizes automated Smart contracts are composed of scripts that program and compute data in a new decentralized infrastructure and normalize computing.
Domestic blockchain application platforms include an asset custody system based on blockchain technology jointly developed by the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China, China Post and IBM.
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger system participated by nodes. The data stored on it cannot be forged or tampered with, and is open to the public. Transparent, the information and value recorded by each account at any point in history can be found on the blockchain. The characteristics of the blockchain protocol provide the necessary foundation for the execution of smart contracts. The contract can be automatically executed and trusted according to established conditions without the need for auditing by any centralized organization.
Blockchain technology is the underlying core of the Bitcoin system. Its essence is a decentralized ledger. When people conduct transactions through the Internet, a new transaction will be recorded on the ledger, and this ledger is A decentralized ledger is jointly maintained by everyone on the network. People can see ongoing transactions at the same time, and control is not in the hands of institutions or individuals. The transaction cannot be tampered with or forged, and it will be saved permanently.in the ledger.
For example, the Tongxin Huzhu blockchain mutual aid platform has four major characteristics in applying blockchain technology:
Openness and transparency
Openness and transparency, once all information recorded on the blockchain is recorded, it will be very It is difficult to tamper with and cannot be hidden, and users can check it at any time.
Democratic decision-making
Bottom-up decision-making, the blockchain proposes a variety of different consensus mechanisms to help users effectively form bottom-up decisions and jointly participate in major decisions.
Accurate execution of rules
Accurate execution of rules. The smart contract technology defined on the blockchain converts all rules into public and clear codes, which can be executed accurately and accurately. Once anyone is identified Cannot intervene.
Never downtime
Never downtime, the blockchain based on the public chain is not affected by any organization or individual. As long as the incentive mechanism is effective and the Internet exists, the blockchain will exist.
What is blockchain? Blockchain is a decentralized shared accounting technology that allows all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level. Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain. Blockchain is still in its infancy. Many people have discussed with me how we can ensure both rights and privacy at the same time. Of course, we are just exploring now. We need fair content across the entire network and clear protection. This is what I can only say. So far, this is my arrangement for the future.
Blockchain concept? The idea of blockchain is to be completely decentralized and rely on decentralized justice. In that case, theoretically the cost will drop a lot, proving that real assets and property rights can directly correspond to each other on the Internet. It has solved the problems of decentralization and asset ownership that were not solved by the first generation of Internet information. How big a role does big data play in financial innovation now? Only by registering big data can we know who it belongs to. In fact, this has always been a problem that we cannot solve now. This is not a small problem. If there is a technology in the capital market that makes the property rights of things that were originally unclear clear, that will be a big problem for us. The entire market is undergoing a huge transformation.
What is blockchain? Blockchain technology itself can solve data ownership, pricing and sharing mechanisms. This still cannot completely solve certain problems. To give a simple example when it comes to user privacy, I have a piece of data placed on the machine. The partner comes over and makes an insurance analysis to analyze the cooperation. There is a risk here. Or not, can we deal with it or clarify the property rights of the laboratory, and then clarify the processing rights and data rights. The common products produced by everyone are common to everyone. If we need to divide different things, how to price them and how to divide them? In addition to the technology of blockchain and a decentralized database, when it comes to the new tasks mentioned above, it is another issue.Further up is the issue of pricing and the market mechanism. All fields have proven to recognize this rule, so I think blockchain is a very good core technology, but it cannot cover all problems.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain is mainly positioned to provide commercial-grade blockchain infrastructure services, which mainly includes building a blockchain system and building on top of the blockchain system. A support system with high expandability. On top of this support system are applications from all walks of life. Bubi focuses more on the underlying technology of the blockchain. In the past three years or so, a team of more than a dozen people has devoted almost all their energy to the research and development of the underlying technology. The reason why Bubi Blockchain chooses points has something to do with the market's promotion method. As we all know, blockchain is a technology that is very suitable for the issuance and trading of digital assets. Points are a digital asset that is naturally legal and compliant, and has a small impact because of its small amount. Therefore, it is a very suitable choice to use points as your first attempt at digital asset issuance. Issuing points based on the blockchain can indeed bring great help to the circulation and mutual exchange of points.
What is blockchain? The application of blockchain technology in the field of property transfer is only one aspect. In addition to reducing property transfer costs, blockchain technology can also be applied to various fields involving company stocks, financial derivatives, and points programs of commercial institutions. The blockchain community is currently focusing on promoting the wider application of this technology in the field of financial assets. Relatedly, various platforms that are still under development have also received very considerable investment.
Blockchain concept? Structurally or by definition, these things are very different. The U.S. dollar, or any currency, from a typical definition, is primarily used as a medium of exchange or store of value for economic activities. Within the geographical scope where a certain currency circulates, people in the region reach a consensus on the use of this currency, making it convenient for everyone to use the same currency to purchase goods or services (the function of currency as a medium of exchange). There is a responsibility to manage the currency through monetary policy in order to ensure the preservation of the value of the currency and avoid the occurrence of inflation (the store of value function of currency). In today's world, almost everyone uses some form of currency in their daily lives.
What is blockchain? Even developers within the blockchain community often easily overlook the big picture mentioned above. There are many competitive projects in the blockchain community, and they are also full of various disputes about the evolution direction of blockchain technology. Over time, some projects in the community will be successful, and others will not be so lucky. Things will not always develop in the direction we expect, but no matter how these projects in the early blockchain community develop, one thing is very clear, that is, blockchain technology has brought us at least A revolutionary function: Blockchain technology will greatly reduce the cost of financial property transfer, and blockchain will be used to control, manage and transmit financial property.
What is blockchain? Blockchain concept? Got itAfter a certain application analysis, we return to the starting point. The definition of this blockchain technology will surely become more and more abundant with the expansion of applications, and people will discover more mysteries of blockchain technology.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the basis for Bitcoin. underlying technology. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can be queried in every offline Bitcoin wallet information. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. The lightweight Bitcoin wallet uses online confirmation, which means it does not download the blockchain data to the device storage.
Many of Bitcoin’s altcoins also use the same design, but are slightly different in proof of work and algorithm. For example, using proof of stake and SCrypt, etc.
Blockchain timestamp service and proof of existence
This concept was proposed in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper [1], who created the first block, the “genesis block”.
On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin, left an unchangeable sentence in the genesis block:
“The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of bank bailout)."
It was then that the British chancellor Darling was forced to consider a second bailout of the banks. In a time of crisis, this sentence was the headline of a front-page article in The Times that day.
With the blockchain’s timestamp service and proof of existence, the time when the first blockchain was created and the events that were happening at that time are permanently retained.
The Bitcoin company BTCC launched a service "Millennium Chain" in 2015, which is a blockchain engraving service, which uses the above principles. Users can engrave text on the blockchain through this service and store it permanently.
Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card are all digital currencies based on blockchain technology.
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzed: Blockchain is actually a decentralized distributed ledger database.
How popular is blockchain technology?
Blockchain technology makes DAC possible. DAC is something that can fundamentally subvert the organizational model of human society. I believe its impact on society will be greater than that of workThe industrial revolution has become the most profound change that the Internet has brought to the world.
The essence of blockchain technology is a method of data storage, transmission and certification that is decentralized and contained in a distributed structure. It replaces the current Internet with data blocks (Block). The road's reliance on the central server enables all data changes or transaction projects to be recorded on a cloud system, theoretically achieving self-certification of data during data transmission.
Blockchain technology can be applied to many industries:
Art industry
Ascribe allows artists to use blockchain technology to declare ownership, Issue numberable, 100% editions of your work in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
Legal Industry
BitProof is the most advanced of the many document timestamp applications that have emerged in recent years, and will make traditional notarization methods a thing of the past. Compared with free versions including Blocksgin and OriginStaemp, BitProof provides more services, including one for intellectual property rights. Interestingly, BitProof recently collaborated with a San Francisco IT school to put all their students’ academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how diplomas and student certificates are processed and used.
Development Industry
Colu is the first company to allow other companies to issue digital assets. They can "tokenize" various assets and have a profound impact on many people. Although the free Bitcoin wallet Counerparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, Colu tokens can be configured in various states and types, and can leave and return to the system. , and when storing data on the blockchain is too large, the data can be stored on the BitTorrent network.
Internet Mutual Aid Industry
Tongxin Mutual Aid is the first blockchain online mutual aid platform to be implemented and applied. Technically, through blockchain and big data technology, it eliminates the shortcomings of the traditional online mutual aid model. Establish an open and transparent new online mutual aid platform.
Aite Cat is a virtual pet game produced under blockchain technology. This virtual cat is similar to Internet Letts Dog, 360 pet cat, and NetEase’s Planet are all the same type of blockchain virtual products. The difference between Aite Cat is that the entire cat design uses a 3D three-dimensional effect, making the cat’s The display is no longer a single picture, allowing the cat to move, which increases the fun of the cat.
What technology is the Huangbao blockchain system?Huangbao blockchain is powerfulThe decentralized loop intelligence system, Huanglian Chain, abbreviated as HUANG, is the first to be used in financial services, advertising media, game entertainment, various life applications and other fields, and has become the representative virtual currency and media chain in the era of blockchain 3 and 0. 3.0 technology has the core characteristics of being safer, more efficient, more flexible, and more open. Its widespread application will surely trigger new forms and new ideas in the global media industry, and can create convenient services and new concepts. This marks a new economic era unfolding before the public.
⑷What is the principle of blockchain?
After seeing some answers that debated the definition of blockchain, I suddenly realized that my answer explaining the principle was actually directed at Bitcoin. From Bilu, there is no particularly clear and unique answer to the definition of blockchain in the industry. Here are some of the characteristics that a “blockchain” should have that I have summarized based on the papers I have read:
1. A data structure in the form of "hash chain" (explained below) is used to save basic data
2. Multiple nodes participate in system operation (distributed)
3. Reach a consensus on the consistency of basic data through a certain protocol or algorithm (consensus protocol/algorithm).
Since Bitcoin is currently one of the most typical and influential applications of blockchain, after understanding how Bitcoin uses blockchain, you can then understand other various forms of blockchain applications. It will be much easier.
⑸ What does blockchain mean? What are the characteristics of blockchain?
Regarding the technology of blockchain, I believe many friends have already paid attention to it. Blockchain It can be said to be a hot topic right now, with news media reporting heavily on it claiming it will create the future. So what does blockchain mean? What are the characteristics of blockchain? Today we will introduce the blockchain to you in detail, and hope that you will have a deep understanding after reading it.
What does blockchain mean?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is also an important concept of Bitcoin. The "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance and Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is Bitcoin's underlying technology and infrastructure.
Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgery.Created distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses A new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm that uses smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and manipulate data.
What are the characteristics of blockchain?
Through the summary and analysis of the blockchain, it is concluded that the characteristics of the blockchain have the following four main points: Open Yingpai
1. The first is the disintermediation of trust, which has been repeatedly emphasized and praised. What Weihe said yesterday is not decentralization but disintermediation, which coincides with each other.
2. The second feature is its stability, reliability, and sustainability. Because it is a distributed network architecture, no central node can be hit or attacked, so in the overall technical layout It has stronger stability, reliability and sustainability.
3. Third, its strong security and consensus mechanism do not require the entry of a third party, but are achieved through a technology, a previously scheduled technology to complete the entire transaction.
4. The fourth is the openness, transparency and non-tamperability of transactions. Many practitioners in the industry have shared these characteristics with you, so these are the four characteristics of the blockchain.
Because of these characteristics, blockchain can receive huge attention from many financial institutions and many industries in the future or now.
The above is what the editor brings to you. What does blockchain mean? What are the characteristics of blockchain? all content.
⑹ What is blockchain technology and what areas it may be used for in the future
The development of technology is often beyond your imagination, from the agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution to the information revolution, as of The blockchain revolution has now begun. Reaching the height of the cognitive revolution should be considered a relatively big proposition. Why did the previous emergence of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. not mention the cognitive revolution, but blockchain can?
How to quickly enter the blockchain industry?
1. Find the top experts in this industry and learn or communicate with them, such as Li Xiaolai, such as Uncle Cai
2. You can buy some books. News books are not as mixed as Taobao. There are only a few classics, pick a few and read them through
3. You can search for more related articles, public accounts, Zhihu or other, which have a lot of information. You can find yourself after reading 30 high-quality articles. Article, you are basically getting started.
WeChat public account: Workplace Cheese Pie, tell you about things in the workplace
⑺ What are the application scenarios of blockchain
In Oracle's website lists ten industry application scenarios for blockchain
Including finance, production, education, media, entertainment, government, and retail business , health, medical, supply chain, insurance, public utilities. Isn’t it very noble?But what I want to say is these application scenarios. In the face of truly high-powered blockchain applications, these application scenarios can only hide in the corner and tremble.
Nowadays, the truly high-powered application scenario of blockchain is Ponzi application, commonly known as "Ponzi scheme". It is a smart contract-type Qianbao, a blockchain game with rolling deposits and withdrawals, an ICO for transaction purposes, and a global pension platform.
Ponzi scheme is one of the oldest application scenarios of our mankind. After the emergence of the Internet, Ponzi scheme has been upgraded to "Internet +", that is, "Internet + Ponzi scheme". The Internet empowers Ponzi schemes, so events like Qianbao's tens of billions occurred. Before the Internet era, there were few Ponzi schemes of this scale. Empowered by the Internet, deposits and withdrawals were made through mobile APPs, and finally rolled In a few years, it has reached a scale of tens of billions.
The Internet has broken down geographical restrictions, physical restrictions, capital flow restrictions, and communication restrictions. As long as you have a mobile phone, you can play the Qianbao APP. Everyone participates, everyone deposits money, and everyone withdraws money. The number of people involved in the case is said to be in the millions. Relatively speaking, it is still an online pyramid scheme (Ponzi scheme 1.0), every day. The brainwashing cannot be stopped during meetings, and violent and illegal means are used, which is simply too weak. With the rise of blockchain technology, Ponzi schemes empowered by "blockchain+" can no longer be described as becoming more powerful than a tiger. It is simply like a chicken becoming a tiger. Like the Internet, "Blockchain+" technology has truly improved application scenarios. Ponzi schemes have further upgraded on the second generation basis of "Internet+". Because of major breakthroughs in scenario enhancements and improvements, they have become Ponzi Scheme 3.0. , its characteristics are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Decentralization, no leadership. The smart contract of the blockchain runs automatically, does not require human intervention, and cannot be interrupted by humans. Code rules are hard-coded and cannot be tampered with. In terms of scene improvement, it has solved the biggest pain point of Ponzi schemes for thousands of years, that is, the problem of the leader running away. Because the leader is a program and a code, the blockchain program can exist permanently and no one can delete it. I think this is the biggest breakthrough. This virtual leader is always there. He cannot run away, will not run away, and will not change. The rules will never change, and he will adhere to the Ponzi line for one hundred, one thousand, and ten thousand years. Some people may say that smart contracts can be iterated and can also be manipulated to leave backdoors. That's right, but it can also be done without iteration. Even if it is iterated, it will be transparent and visible, and it will be clear at a glance if there is a backdoor. This is the characteristic of blockchain smart contracts. If you cheat on it, it is equivalent to taking out cheat sheets under the nose of the teacher. No one will participate in such a smart contract once it is online. Therefore, after technical review and verification, there are no backdoors, fair rules, and irrevocable smart contracts, which can be implemented using blockchain technology. Such reliability, once verified, remains unchanged forever. This is the certainty of smart contracts. For a program, even one character of the code remains unchanged. If it is run a million or a trillion times, the result will be consistent and deterministic.
2. Process transparency. The number of depositors, address account, amount, and time; the number of withdrawals, address account, amount, and time; all are visible. The blockchain has a public ledger function, which can be viewed by everyone around the world, and the ledger data viewed by everyone is exactly the same. Why did Qian Bao lose his position? Because we can't see his backend account, how much money goes in every day, how much money comes out, and the specific details of each transaction. In this way, you can see the evaluation of your redemption ability before depositing money, and the evaluation result is absolutely certain, that is, it will not change after you deposit.
3. Complete anonymity. If you have heard of zero-knowledge proof technology. You can skip this part. To put it simply, many of the things we had in the mathematical knowledge base in the past had no application scenarios after invention. Later, it was discovered that this knowledge is very useful for anonymization. The cryptography technology in the blockchain can effectively achieve identity concealment. As we all know, Zhihu cannot achieve true anonymity in terms of technical structure, but blockchain can.
4. The rules are open and fair to everyone. Deposit one yuan, and withdraw ten yuan as rebate. This rule applies to everyone and will never change. You deposit one dollar, and first withdraw money to the person in front of you, and then the person behind you deposits money, and then withdraws money to you. Fair, right? I have reflected on this many times and think it is still fair.
5. Sustainable iteration. In low-level Ponzi schemes, the leader, product designer, profit distributor, and benefit recipient are often four in one. However, in a blockchain Ponzi scheme, the four roles can be completely logically separated. Achieve sustainable iteration. Through social-based collaboration, these projects can be iterated on forever. There are now 400 senior engineers who are developing around Bitcoin and constantly updating the code. These people don’t need to know anyone. As long as the application is valuable, they can keep iterating. Which centralized project can do this? Even a BAT-level company cannot hire so many professionals scattered around the world. This iterative method of socialization is not affected by changes in a specific person or organization.
Ponzi schemes empowered by "blockchain" use blockchain technology in different scopes, because the technology in this field is still constantly being updated. Applications such as smart contracts are these two The years just add up. The earliest blockchain application is Bitcoin. Some people think that Bitcoin itself has the characteristics of a Ponzi scheme. In 2013, I wrote an answer that implicitly pointed out that this new type of Ponzi scheme will be very lethal because it has the characteristics of a Ponzi scheme. It has the characteristics of no leader, open ledgers, no escape, and open and fair rules. Later, I also discovered that many people around me were more interested in Ponzi schemes than in blockchain technology. Once they hear that Bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme, they usually walk away silently before I start talking about blockchain technology. On the contrary, if you tell them that it is a Ponzi scheme, they will then ask where to buy it. ? Of course, there is a lot of controversy over whether Bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme, because the actual application scenarios of Bitcoin are constantly expanding.
In the ICO boom,There are many air coins, which are fake Ponzi schemes without any application scenarios. People who bought these air coins probably knew that they were Ponzi schemes, but they bought them because they were packaged well. There are estimated to be hundreds or thousands of such air coins. The scope of the cases involved spans the world, and the amount exceeds tens of billions. These ICOs use smart contracts for subscription and distribution, and then circulate on their own in the secondary market. In this case, withdrawals are not guaranteed, and some people may lose all their money. Many blockchain professionals have always wanted to draw a clear line between these applications, because although these air coins use part of the blockchain technology, there is still a centralized organization or individual behind them, with very few network nodes, and users cannot deposit funds. At that time, it was directly aggregated to an organization or individual (and therefore would be swept away). However, there is no doubt that Aircoin still uses the blockchain for deposits and raising funds, which solves part of the problem of running away and increases the scope and scope of the Ponzi scheme. Communication ability. This is what happens objectively.
Since this year, with the advancement of technology, Ponzi schemes that use smart contracts to achieve more decentralization have begun to surface. Deposits and raises are locked using smart contracts to complete a complete closed loop of deposit, subscription and withdrawal. It can already be a very pure blockchain application. There are some blockchain games that can be openly admitted. After their release, they publicly claimed that they were a Ponzi game. He said: Look, the rules are transparent, the code is visible, and the deposit contract is Locked, no escape, no human intervention, automatic withdrawal. Play early and earn early. This is a crucial breakthrough, publicly admitting that you are a Ponzi scheme, which is something that Ponzi schemes 1.0 and 2.0 could not do before (they did not dare to openly admit that you are a Ponzi scheme). incredible. The gameplay is simple and crude.
This solves a major obstacle in the previous Ponzi scheme promotion process. In the past, it relied on brainwashing to win people's heads, but now it relies on code to speak. You see, "This program won't run away on its own. Is there no backdoor in it? The leader has disappeared, right? Even if Satoshi Nakamoto is caught, it won't affect the continued execution of the program, right?" So the first batch of blockchain Ponzi schemes fell into the trap, right? What is important are coders who understand the code, and then these coders stand up and say that after technical verification, it is indeed such an effect, driving other people who do not read the code to join.
In addition to Ponzi scheme application scenarios involving entertainment, gambling, and fraud, blockchain also has opportunities to flex its muscles in Ponzi scheme application scenarios involving the national economy, people's livelihood, and public utilities, and can even be extremely effective. Dadi enhances people's sense of gain and happiness, and actually improves people's lives. For example, the application of national or global public pension platforms based on blockchain. Because this platform is based on blockchain, it can solve several major shortcomings of pension funds:
1. The problem of fund misappropriation. The ledger is open, and the funds are locked in a decentralized manner. No one can unlock it, except recipients who meet the rules and can withdraw funds. No possibility of appropriation.
2. Inflation problem. The current pension system adjusts coefficients every year based on a series of complex algorithms such as inflation. After the adjustment, recipients are often dissatisfied because the total amounthas risen, but purchasing power has declined. By taking advantage of the fact that virtual currency cannot be issued additionally, the inflation rate can be restrained and all the money received can be guaranteed to be real money.
3. Unpredictable problems. It is difficult for us to predict the pension withdrawal situation in 30 years, but it can be predicted in advance through smart contracts. Stimulate payment enthusiasm.
4. Policy loopholes and fairness issues. Any pension policy targets diverse groups, and there will be unfair situations. Everyone wants to pay less and get more, pay later and withdraw early. The transparency of the blockchain is down to each account, rather than a set of general policies that plug loopholes in the implementation process. Everyone is the same, pay more and get out more, pay early and get out early. It can even be inherited and never lost.
This greatly reduces the burden and cost of managing pensions by the state. Things that the existing pension system can do can still be done after using blockchain technology, such as state subsidies. Just put money into the contract, and it will be locked. There will be no fakes, such as forced payment, and every record will be true and traceable. All in all, all existing systems and rules can be put on the chain, which improves efficiency and output levels and ensures fairness without affecting the existing effects. Moreover, because the cost of the huge management system is reduced, everyone can receive The absolute number may increase a lot, which will have the effect of actually improving people's lives. Again, it will increase the sense of gain and happiness. In the matter of pensions, the subject of our trust has changed from a single national government to a national government + blockchain, and more than 50% of the process has become a fixed software program. Aren’t we more trusting in this way? If the on-chain pension system is 100% implemented, it can even break the national restrictions and be implemented by a piece of code that is honest, cannot cheat, and cannot be tampered with. Automatic deposits and automatic withdrawals. Trusting it is like trusting a dead person. There will be no mistakes.
The design of the next generation to support this generation is a great invention of our human evolution, which has accelerated the speed of social development. On the surface, it seems that the last generation on earth will suffer more, but in fact it is not. Yes, because the last generation of people on earth may not necessarily know that they are the last generation (maybe they know it in the last few seconds, but so what). What’s more, the earth has disappeared, does the last generation of people still need to withdraw funds for retirement? Obviously, no need.
The biggest disadvantage of a Ponzi scheme is that it runs away midway and the funds are broken. Blockchain has a clear technical solution to solve this problem, and it can also be proven and falsified, so , this technology is scientific. Once the disadvantages are eliminated and the benefits gradually emerge, the Ponzi scheme will achieve greater development in the future.
I also want to ask a question. In human history, are there any things that were originally negative or useless? Later, with the development of technology, the disadvantages were eliminated or avoided, and the functions were discovered. And then become more and more useful and important?
⑻ What are the applications of blockchain technology
Developing Ethereum Cat based on Ethereum, is this considered appropriate?Use it, it’s a bit fun to play, and there’s NetEase Planet. For traceability, I have snapped up the Orange Chain made by China Enterprise Tongbao Blockchain, which is used for blockchain traceability records on Orange.
⑼ I want to know what blockchain is
I love sharing and communicating. The following content is only my personal opinion and experience.
Actually, I didn’t know what blockchain was at the beginning, so I slowly learned to look up information. Discover the blockchain. It is famous for Bitcoin and despised for ICO and air coins. I have been exposed to the blockchain industry for several years and found that it is a new but not "new" technology with ups and downs. It is new because it has no impression in front of most of our public. It is not "new" because it has been around for nearly ten years.
As a distributed technology, blockchain covers smart contracts, encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms, etc. Generally speaking, blockchain technology is used to solve the pain points of various industries in China and even around the world: such as lack of trust mechanisms, difficulty in improving efficiency, many transaction links, and consuming a lot of time, manpower, and material resources. Don’t underestimate these pain points, they can reflect into many corners of our lives and work.
The current prospects of the blockchain industry are broad, but it is still in its early stages of development. Due to the intervention of national governments and institutions, the blockchain industry has experienced uncertainty in its development. Blockchain industry development funds have been established across the country to promote the development of the local blockchain industry and occupy the blockchain highlands. Those real blockchain researchers and developers continue to use blockchain technology to combine the pain points of our lives to provide solutions and innovations.
The times are developing, and we look forward. Specific analysis of specific issues, I hope it will be helpful to you. Thank you
⑽ Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept
Blockchain technology concept, nowadays, blockchain has become the In the field of concern, many companies have already studied the technology in depth, but there are still people who don’t know much about it. Below I will share an article about the concept of blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology concept 1Basic concepts and working principles of blockchain
1. Basic concepts
Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point New application models of computer technologies such as transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information, prevent counterfeiting, and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blocksA chain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a chronological manner and is cryptographically guaranteed to be an untamperable and unforgeable distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.
2. Working principle
The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
1. Distributed The ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. For data, traditional distributed storage generally divides the data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring the dataSecurity and personal privacy.
3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data. Some predefined rules and terms can be automatically executed. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information, including medical information and risk occurrence information, is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to implement automated claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
3. Others
The Internet exchanges information, and the blockchain exchanges value. Human history and the history of the Internet can be understood in eight words: if they are divided for a long time, they must be combined. For a long time, they must be combined. In the era of long-term separation, all network information is scattered on the Internet. It is not easy for everyone to mine information. At this time, platforms such as Google and Facebook will appear. , the only thing it does is recombine all our information. In the Internet era, what the monopoly giants reorganize is information, rather than generating their own information. The information generated is entirely our own. Once the information is reorganized, a new monopoly giant will emerge, so it will be an era of long-lasting separation. Now, due to the emergence of blockchain technology, it has entered an era of integration and division. It is a new multi-centralization. After the new multi-centralization, new value will be generated. These data will be in our own hands, and personal data will generate value. It belongs to oneself. This is the most exciting era of this era.
What is the value of blockchain? A low-cost mechanism to establish trust, establish data rights, and resolve data property rights.
At present, blockchain technology continues to develop, including the current development of single chains to multi-chains, and the technology can be further expanded. I think there may still be disruptions in the future, especially in transactions and other aspects. , especially many disruptive scenarios for existing industries.
The essence of blockchain is to establish trusted information exchange on untrustworthy networks.
One Belt, One Road + One Chain. Blockchain is bigger thanInstead of creating trust, trust can be transmitted without loss, thereby reducing social friction costs and thereby improving overall efficiency.
Now the blockchain itself is still in its initial stage, so it includes the information transmission and encryption of the blockchain. Quantum encryption and other encryption appear in this process, which actually attacks the encryption algorithm used by the blockchain itself. This phenomenon also occurs from time to time. Including blockchain is also a recognition of assets, a recognition of digital assets, but now many of us use cryptographic algorithms, or as the key for us to decrypt, but if you forget the password, it is very likely that your current assets will be lost. If you lose them, you won't be able to get back your original assets. Therefore, there are still some hidden dangers in asset management, including information transmission and some security aspects. Of course, from a technical perspective, the processing speed of our blockchain itself, or its scalability, is because from the perspective of the working mechanism, the entire ledger must be copied to all participants, so in the blockchain Its operational efficiency and scalability are still relatively limited. We feel that these still need further development in terms of technology.
The underlying technologies of the blockchain platform also form blockchain wallets, blockchain browsers, node elections, mining machines, mining pools, development components, development modules, technical communities and project communities. and a series of ecosystems. The perfection of these ecosystems directly determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the underlying platform of the blockchain.
4. Mundell’s Impossible Triangle
It is impossible to achieve the ultimate in decentralization, efficiency, and security at the same time.
Blockchain technology concept 2The essence of blockchain is a distributed accounting technology, as opposed to centralized accounting technology, which is widely used in our current lives. exist. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity and anti-counterfeiting of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.
The popular understanding of blockchain technology is: connecting the front, back, left and right blocks of "things" into a chain using one technology, but the original data of each block cannot be tampered with , is a "linked module" technology in the field of the Internet of Things that allows participants to trust. The application of blockchain technology is inseparable from the Internet and the Internet of Things. It is based on the integration and interaction of the two, but allows participants to remain independent, decentralized, and work together. With this set of value chain co-construction and sharing, technology.
Characteristics of blockchain: decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity.
Blockchain is a network that can deliver value. The demand for a network that can deliver value is an important reason for the emergence of blockchain technology. Blockchain emerged driven by the need to protect information with ownership or other value. Through public and private key cryptography, distributed storage and other technical means, the blockchain ensures on the one hand the efficient transmission of valuable information, and on the other hand ensures that this information will not be easily copied and tampered with during the transmission process.
Understand the connotation of blockchain from the inevitability of its birth. Blockchain is a distributed accounting technology that solves the shortcomings of centralized accounting and solves the problem of distributed consistency. It is also The connected Internet is upgraded to a value network that ensures the safe and efficient transmission of valuable information.
Blockchain Technology Concept 3Blockchain: Blockchain is like a globally unique account book, or database, which records the history of all transactions in the network.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): It allows you to write more powerful programs on Ethereum and script programs on Bitcoin. It is also sometimes used to refer to the Ethereum blockchain, which is responsible for executing smart contracts and everything.
Node: You can run a node to read and write to the Ethereum blockchain, that is, using the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Full nodes require downloading the entire blockchain. Light nodes are still under development.
Miner: Mining, that is, the node that processes blocks on the blockchain. You can see some of the currently active Ethereum miners on this page: stats.ethdev.com.
Proof of Work: Miners are always competing to solve some mathematical problem. The first one to solve the problem (calculate the next block) will be rewarded with Ether coins. All nodes then update their own blockchain. All miners who want to figure out the next block have an incentive to stay in sync with other nodes and maintain the same blockchain, so the entire network can always reach consensus. (Note: Ethereum is planning to move to a proof-of-stake system (POS) without miners, but that is beyond the scope of this article.)
Ethereum: Abbreviation ETH. A true digital currency that you can buy and use. Here is a chart from one of the exchanges where you can trade Ethereum. At the time of writing this article, 1 EthereumWorth 65 cents.
Gas: Executing programs and saving data on Ethereum consumes a certain amount of Ethereum. Gas is converted from Ethereum. This mechanism is used to ensure efficiency.
DApp: The Ethereum community calls applications based on smart contracts decentralized applications (Decentralized App). The goal of DApp is (or should be) to have a friendly interface for your smart contracts, plus some extras, such as IPFS, a decentralized network that can store and read data, not from the Ethereum team but in a similar spirit ). DApp can run on a centralized server that can interact with Ethereum nodes, or it can run on any Ethereum equal node. (Take a minute to think about this: Unlike ordinary websites, DApps cannot run on ordinary servers. They need to submit transactions to the blockchain and read important data from the blockchain rather than a centralized database. Compared to typical users When logging into the system, the user may be represented as a wallet address and other user data is stored locally. Many things will be structured differently from current web applications.)
Ethereum client, smart contract language
p>Writing and deploying smart contracts does not require you to run an Ethereum node. Browser-based IDEs and APIs are listed below. But if you are just learning, you should still run an Ethereum node to understand the basic components, and running a node is not difficult.
Clients available for running Ethereum nodes
Ethereum has many client implementations in different languages, that is, multiple methods of interacting with the Ethereum network. , including C++, Go, Python, Java, Haskell, etc. Why do we need so many implementations? Different implementations can meet different needs. For example, the goal of Haskell implementation is to be mathematically verifiable, to make Ethereum more secure, and to enrich the entire ecosystem.
At the time of writing this article, I am using the client geth (go-ethereum) implemented in the Go language. At other times, I also use a tool called testrpc, which uses the Python client pyethereum. Later examples will use these tools.
About mining: Mining is fun, a bit like caring for your houseplant, but also a way to learn about the entire system. Although the current price of Ethereum may not even cover the electricity bill, who knows in the future. People are creating many cool DApps that may make Ethereum more and more popular.
Interactive console: Once the client is running, you can synchronize the blockchain, create a wallet, and send and receive Ethereum. One way to use geth is through the Javascript console. You can also use something like cURLCommands interact with clients via JSON RPC. The goal of this article is to take you through the process of DApp development, so I won’t go into details about this. But we should remember that these command line tools are useful for debugging, configuring nodes, and using wallets.
Running the node on the test network: If you run the geth client on the official network, it will take quite a while to download the entire blockchain and synchronize with the network. You can determine if synchronization has occurred by comparing the last block number printed in the node logs with the latest block listed on stats.ethdev.com. ) Another problem is that running smart contracts on the official network requires real Ethereum. Running the node on the test network does not have this problem. At this time, there is no need to synchronize the entire blockchain. Just create your own private chain, which saves time for development.
Testrpc: Use geth to create a test network. Another faster way to create a test network is to use testrpc. Testrpc can help you create a bunch of test accounts with funds at startup. It also runs faster and is therefore better suited for development and testing. You can start with testrpc, and then as the contract slowly takes shape, move to the test network created by geth - the startup method is very simple, you only need to specify a networkid: geth --networkid "12345". Here is the code repository for testrpc, we will talk about it again below.
Next, let’s talk about the available programming languages, and then we can start the real programming. Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts.
There are several languages to choose from when writing smart contracts: Solidity, which is somewhat similar to Javascript, has a file extension of .sol. Serpent, which is similar to Python, has a file name ending in .se. There is also a Lisp-like LLL. Serpent has been popular for a while, but now the most popular and stable one is Solidity, so just use Solidity. I heard you like Python? Use Solidity.
solc compiler: After writing the smart contract with Solidity, you need to use solc to compile it. It is a component from a C++ client implementation. Again, different implementations complement each other. Here is how to install it. If you don't want to install solc, you can also use a browser-based compiler, such as Solidity real-time compiler or Cosmo. The programming sections below will assume you have solc installed.
web3.js API. After the Solidity contract is compiled and sent to the network, you can use Ethereum's web3.js JaJavaScript API to call it and build web applications that can interact with it.
