区块链应用展望测试题及答案,区块链应用展望测试题答案

区块链技术是一种新型的分布式数据库技术，它可以用于存储和管理数据，以及进行安全的数据交换。它的应用范围广泛，可以用于金融、政府、医疗、教育、物流等行业。本文将介绍区块链的三大应用展望：去中心化金融、智能合约和分布式存储。

去中心化金融：去中心化金融是指不需要中央结算机或中央结算机网络来实现的金融活动。区块链技术可以支持去中心化金融，它可以实现资金的安全交易，比如股票、债券、外汇等。它可以提高金融服务的效率，并可以降低金融交易的成本。此外，它还可以帮助金融机构更好地理解客户，以便提供更好的客户服务。

智能合约：智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行合约，它可以让双方达成合约，而不需要任何中介机构。它可以替代传统的合同，可以自动执行合同中的条款，使双方更容易实现合作。此外，智能合约还可以改进运营效率，减少交易成本，提高安全性，并可以防止欺诈行为。

分布式存储：分布式存储是一种基于区块链技术的存储技术，它可以将数据分布存储在多台计算机上，以便更好地保护数据的安全性。分布式存储可以提高数据的安全性，防止数据被篡改，窃取或丢失。此外，它还可以提高存储效率，改善数据处理能力，以及提供更好的服务质量。

总之，区块链技术可以用于实现去中心化金融、智能合约和分布式存储，可以提高金融服务的效率，改善数据安全性，减少交易成本，并可以提供更好的服务质量。区块链技术的应用前景十分广阔，它将为我们的生活带来更多的便利。

1. The future development prospects of blockchain

1. Blockchain has become the forefront of global technological development and opened up a new track for international competition. Blockchain will become a new key infrastructure to further accelerate the development of the digital economy, lead a new round of global technological and industrial changes, and become the "source" of technological innovation and model innovation. The world's major developed countries will further pay attention to blockchain technology, intensively introduce relevant policy plans, increase industrial support and guidance, and enhance the competitiveness of their country's blockchain technology and industry.
2. The digital currency bubble gradually cools down. With the spread and popularization of the concept of blockchain technology, more and more people will realize that Bitcoin is not the same as blockchain, and various air coins will be gradually eliminated. Blockchain technology innovation will return to a more rational track. Technical features such as decentralization, multi-party collaboration, and anti-calculation tampering will be highly valued by relevant industries. Some industries with strong innovation capabilities will continue to emerge with blockchain applications that have been transformed based on industry characteristics.

2. What are the applications of blockchain technology?

Blockchain has become so popular, so what are the application fields of blockchain?

At present, the most extensive and successful application of blockchain technology is the digital currency represented by Bitcoin. Digital currency has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to the characteristics of decentralized credit and frequent transactions, it has a high transaction value and can maintain a relatively stable price through the development of hedging financial derivatives as a quasi-super-sovereign currency.

Financial institutions are the most willing to explore blockchain applications and need new technologies to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs to cope with the current status of the entire global economy. Objectively speaking, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and a little progress can bring huge benefits. The financial industry is an industry with extremely high requirements for security and stability. If the application of blockchain in the financial field is verified, it will have a huge demonstration effect and be quickly promoted in other industries. In the financial field, in addition to digital currency applications, blockchain has gradually begun to be applied in cross-border payments, supply chain finance, insurance, digital bills, asset securitization, bank credit reporting and other fields.

As the application of blockchain technology in the financial field continues to be verified, its technical advantages are gradually showing value in other industries. At present, blockchain application projects are gradually being implemented in fields such as medical and health, IP copyright, education, culture and entertainment, communications, charity, social management, sharing economy, and the Internet of Things, and "blockchain" is becoming a reality.

(1) Blockchain medical care: In the medical field, blockchain can use its anonymity, decentralization and other characteristics to protect patient privacy. Electronic health (EHR), DNA wallet, drug anti-counterfeiting, etc. are all possible application areas of blockchain technology. IBM predicted in last year's report that 56% of medical institutions around the world will invest in blockchain technology by 2020.

(2) Blockchain Internet of Things: The Internet of Things is a very broad concept. If communication, energy management,Covering supply chain management, sharing economy, etc., the IoT application of blockchain technology will become a very important application field.

(3) Blockchain IP copyright & cultural entertainment: Since the Internet became popular, digital music, digital books, digital videos, digital games, etc. have gradually become mainstream. The rise of the knowledge economy has made intellectual property rights a core element of market competition. However, intellectual property infringement is serious in the current Internet ecosystem, and the copyright protection of digital assets has become a pain point in the industry. Blockchain has the characteristics of disintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering. Blockchain technology can effectively integrate all aspects of the cultural and entertainment value chain, accelerate circulation, and shorten the value creation cycle; at the same time, the value of digital content can be realized Transfer, and ensure that the transfer process is credible, auditable and transparent, effectively preventing piracy and other behaviors. Blockchain Public Services & Education: In the fields of public services, education, closed-door charity and public welfare, issues such as file management, identity (qualification) certification, and public trust all exist objectively. The traditional method is to rely on third parties with credibility. The company makes credit endorsements, but problems such as fraud and deficiencies still exist.

3. What are the application scenarios of blockchain?

I have seen a lot of information about blockchain on the soon-to-be-launched blockchain. Blockchain will make the information Internet more accessible. The value of Internet transformation, while Kuaishanglin has accumulated a lot of experience in these technologies and made great efforts in Internet finance. Go online soon. Through research, it is concluded that blockchain will greatly improve the current life scenes. In which scenarios blockchain can be applied, I will list some answers here for reference only:

1. Information anti-counterfeiting

2. Food safety issues

3. Information Security

1. Identity Protection

2. Data Integrity Protection

3. Critical Infrastructure Protection

IV. Financial industry

1. Digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use

2. Cross-border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transactions and reduce middlemen Fees

3. Bills and supply chain financial business: reduce human intervention, reduce costs and operational risks

4. Securities issuance and trading: achieve quasi-real-time asset transfer and accelerate transaction clearing speed

5. Customer credit reporting and anti-fraud: reduce legal compliance costs and prevent financial crimes

6. Equity crowdfunding: Equity crowdfunding based on blockchain technology Fundraising can achieve decentralized trust and investors’ returns are guaranteed.

5. Bu Tuanzhu Supply Chain Management

6. Government Affairs Management

1. Elections

2. Government Services

4. Blockchain empowers new energy vehicle business formats - separation of vehicle and electricity

The blockchain that everyone hears in the news now is often associated with virtual currency, but it is actually different. Blockchain is much more than that. First, blockchainIt is a trust engine and a technology that ensures trustworthy data; second, blockchain is a technology that changes production relations. There is a saying that of the two major technologies that change the world (artificial intelligence, blockchain), artificial intelligence changes productivity, and blockchain changes production relations; third, blockchain is a platform technology that integrates resources and can Integrate cross-industry resources, including finance, technological innovation, and talent participation, into various real industries effectively and creatively. In the following lecture, I will use specific cases to illustrate.

What challenges and opportunities do we see when further promoting the development of new energy vehicles? First of all, the contradiction between battery cost and life is undoubtedly a very big challenge. The high cost of batteries has brought about issues with consumers’ car purchase costs and willingness to purchase cars. This is bound to be detrimental to the rapid growth of the new energy automobile industry.

The second is that the overall battery technology has not yet been finally "settled" and is still evolving. This is certainly not a bad thing, only a truly viable industry will do this. Academician Zhang just said it very well. The endless emergence of new technologies will inevitably make vehicle manufacturers face the challenge of how to integrate rapidly growing technologies with their own product cycles.

The third issue is security. You may sometimes see battery fires in the news. According to relevant statistics, as of 2020, in the analysis of national electric vehicle safety accidents, accidents caused by battery problems accounted for more than 60%.

In addition, the battery usage efficiency of new energy vehicles greatly limits the travel range of a single charge. Although it has been greatly improved compared to before, it still inevitably affects the travel experience.

So, what kind of digital challenges do we face in order to solve the above problems? The key is that power batteries have high product value and potential environmental impact, so the life cycle is very long, spanning many industries from production, vehicle integration, user use, secondary recycling as energy storage facilities, electricity use, and final environmental protection recycling. . Cross-industry data collection and trustworthy transfer and sharing are very difficult. Especially for battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers, how can these two data islands be connected and how can they share data? During battery use, consumers and charging station operators also have some data. Local power suppliers in the energy storage process and environmental recycling manufacturers in the recycling process will also have their own data. Furthermore, don’t forget that the financial industry can also be a stakeholder in data flow: power batteries account for more than 40% of the cost of a complete vehicle. From the perspective of resource integration, how to introduce financial resources on the basis of trusted data flow to reduce Cost pressure on vehicle manufacturers and consumers?

As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a cross-industry digitalData integration engine. It can allow data from different sources to pass privacy calculations and form digital twins on the premise that data ownership is effectively protected. This digital twin is highly targeted. Previously, when product problems occurred, it was difficult to accurately locate problems due to issues such as the inability to communicate cross-platform and cross-industry data, and the recall of automotive products was often blind.

For example, a problem was discovered and 600,000 vehicles needed to be recalled. Now, with the trustworthy data guarantee provided by blockchain technology, through cross-platform data integration and data analysis that was previously difficult to achieve - conducting very precise analysis of power batteries and new energy vehicles, we have discovered very high-granularity "Problem combinations" may be able to reduce the scale of the recall to thousands or even hundreds of units. Precise recalls not only guarantee the safety of consumers, but can also greatly reduce the costs of vehicle manufacturers.

The value of battery data has yet to be discovered, not just battery life cycle and overall usage. Another very important point is that among the various components of new energy vehicles, the data collected by the power battery energy supply system is the most complete. Such complete data is not only of high value in the business model of the power battery itself, but also valuable for improving user experience and even urban management.

It can be said that power batteries are the key to new energy vehicles. We can embed relevant IoT devices in the power battery; this IoT device is combined with blockchain technology to collect data on the premise of ensuring that the data is trustworthy and cannot be tampered with while protecting privacy. Not only can the power battery be trusted Digital twins also help form credible and effective digital twins of new energy vehicles themselves. Previously, Molink Technology cooperated with Wanxiang Blockchain to launch a blockchain cellular wireless module and the PlatONE alliance chain data storage platform, which can enable the secure cloud and trustworthy uploading of massive IoT device data to the cloud.

When it comes to business models, whether looking back at the development history of fuel vehicles or looking forward to the development prospects of new energy vehicles, how can the real industry effectively introduce financial resources? , are all important directions for expanding business value. Vehicle-battery separation means that based on the battery swap model, after the car owner purchases the entire vehicle, the battery management company repurchases the battery property rights, and the car owner obtains the right to use the battery through leasing. If the separation of vehicle and electricity can be achieved, the power battery and charging station can become an asset package and are separate from the new energy vehicle itself, and everyone can finance the asset package. This is not just a concept or a dream, we are already working with leading companies in the industry on this.

This business modelAfter the formula is further scaled up, it will bring several benefits. First, a collaborative network connects all parties involved in series battery production, sales, transportation, use, recycling, testing, transformation and reuse. Efficient and reliable battery circulation helps all parties benefit from measurement, distribution and settlement, and improves the efficiency of traditional business connection and collaboration; second Second, it can allow more financial resources to enter the new energy automobile industry in urgent need of social and financial resources in a credible way, effectively promoting its further development and growth. Third, develop a very good rhythm. In the early stages of the new energy battery industry, the business model brought about by the separation of vehicles and electricity is quite stable. No matter how technology evolves in the future, this industry will be able to effectively allocate financial resources, which in turn will bring very important and necessary vitality to the development of new technologies; fourth, for asset management companies and financial institutions, on the one hand, they can Penetrating supervision of assets can, on the one hand, control the operating income of assets in real time, effectively reducing asset and capital risks.

For consumers, the cost of purchasing a car will directly drop. For example, buying a car used to cost RMB 300,000, but now it only costs RMB 180,000 or RMB 200,000. The rest is to pay the monthly usage fee for separating the car and electricity, which will be promoted in the future. At the same time, it can also shorten charging time and alleviate battery life anxiety; for new energy battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers, it has the opportunity to introduce more financial resources, improve operational efficiency, improve battery safety, and slow down battery decay; for relevant government departments and management For institutions, through power batteries and IoT devices, and through blockchain technology to form credible and reliable digital twins and capitalize them, governance goals such as carbon neutrality can be better managed and achieved by integrating social resources. At the same time, it can also promote battery standardization and promote infrastructure construction.

To realize the separation of vehicle and electricity in new energy vehicles, we are currently facing some challenges: The first is asset-heavy: high initial investment in the construction of battery swap stations, financing The demand is huge; secondly, it is difficult for car companies to cooperate: it is difficult to apply and promote standardized technology, and different models of different car companies have significant differences; thirdly, the degree of standardization is low: it is difficult to open up and use it to create economies of scale; fourthly, the operation service system is imperfect: Batteries are transferred through multiple parties and are difficult to trace.

Why talk about challenges? Traditional information technology is difficult to establish trust among multiple parties and requires a complete top-level design. Faced with the above challenges, it is difficult to carry out a complete top-level design, which will inevitably lead to a situation of crossing the river by feeling for the stones. To ensure that the entire business direction does not get out of control during the process, this is the role played by the blockchain in organizing production relations.

Not only cars, but all industries related to new energy energy storage, such as the energy infrastructure of future cities, can use the Internet of Things + blockchain + Privacy computing, through the creation of a trusted digital base, achieves trustworthyDigital twins and assetization can reduce costs and increase efficiency, creating win-win social and economic value for enterprises, consumers, and government agencies. And these are not just in the planning stage, we have already put them into practice. This includes the capitalization of power batteries jointly promoted with partners, the use of blockchain-based battery and new energy management on electric buses, etc.

5. What is the future prospect of blockchain

Looking forward to the innovative development and technological changes of blockchain technology, we need to maintain a prudent, objective, rational and pragmatic attitude. Neither can we take it for granted that blockchain can be applied in all financial scenarios because of its revolutionary and disruptive nature; nor can we stop moving forward because the current technology is immature and lacks the constraints of industry standard consensus.

Blockchain can effectively solve the pain points and problems in complex scenarios with long business chains, many participants, and severe information asymmetry in the traditional financial field, but it is not suitable for some unilateral and high-frequency financial businesses. .

Therefore, the development of blockchain technology is not to completely replace the existing Internet underlying protocols and financial infrastructure, but to selectively develop in parallel according to applicable conditions, while constantly solving the inherent problems that exist in the initial stage. In the process of natural technological defects, we are facing the picture of social evolution brought about by technological change.

As the underlying technology of future financial technology, blockchain has strong strategic significance. In terms of future exploration of financial technology, the domestic financial industry should strengthen top-level design, accelerate the development, practice and application of blockchain technology, actively participate in international cooperation in blockchain finance and the creation of international blockchain alliances and standards, in order to strive for international The commanding heights of financial strategy, enhance my country's financial core competitiveness, and enable finance to better serve the real economy.

Difficulties in the development of blockchain

Blockchain technology is still in the early stages of development, and its application in various industries, especially the financial field, has not yet been fully realized. There are many problems and difficulties.

First of all, there is a lack of unified technical standards. The underlying technology of blockchain is immature and not yet unified, and most platforms still lack performance and security.

Secondly, there is a lack of reliable cases in practice. Although the current largest blockchain application, Bitcoin, has a maximum market capitalization of over US$300 billion, further testing of blockchain technology is needed if it is to carry large-scale transactions worth trillions of US dollars per day.

Thirdly, the replacement cost of the platform is relatively high. For traditional financial institutions, the investment cost of infrastructure for blockchain technology application is too high, and the risk of migrating original business to a new platform is relatively high, so institutions are not very willing to start over.

Finally, there is a lack of talent resources. The market lacks cross-border talents who understand both finance and blockchain, and domestic blockchain technology reserves and innovations as well as the development of related industries require a large number of comprehensive talents.

6. Blockchain technology development status and prospects

Blockchain technology development status and prospects
Blockchain technology originated in 2008 under the pseudonym "China Satoshi” (SAtoshi Nakamoto's seminal paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" was published on the cryptography mailing group. In the past two years, the research and application of blockchain technology have shown explosive growth. It is considered to be the fifth disruptive innovation in the computing paradigm after mainframes, personal computers, the Internet, and mobile/social networks. It is also the evolution of human credit. The fourth milestone in history after blood relatives credit, precious metal credit, and central bank banknote credit. Blockchain technology is the prototype of the next generation of cloud computing. It is expected to completely reshape the form of human social activities like the Internet and realize the transformation from the current information Internet to the value Internet. Technical characteristics of blockchain

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, time series data, collective maintenance, programmability, security and trustworthiness. Decentralization: The processes of verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of blockchain data are all based on the distributed system structure. Pure mathematical methods are used instead of central institutions to establish trust relationships between distributed nodes, thus forming a decentralized system. Centralized and trustworthy distributed system; Time series data: Blockchain uses a chain block structure with timestamps to store data, thereby adding a time dimension to the data and having strong verifiability and traceability; Collective maintenance: The blockchain system uses a specific economic incentive mechanism to ensure that all nodes in the distributed system can participate in the verification process of data blocks (such as the "mining" process of Bitcoin), and select specific nodes through a consensus algorithm. Nodes add new blocks to the blockchain; Programmable: Blockchain technology can provide a flexible script code system to support users to create advanced smart contracts, currencies or other decentralized applications; Safe and trustworthy: Blockchain technology adopts The principle of asymmetric cryptography encrypts data, and at the same time uses the powerful computing power formed by consensus algorithms such as workload proof of each node of the distributed system to resist external attacks and ensure that the blockchain data cannot be tampered with or forged, so it has a high safety. Blockchain and Bitcoin Bitcoin is by far the most successful blockchain application scenario. Blockchain technology has solved the double payment problem and Byzantine Generals problem that the Bitcoin system has long faced in the field of digital cryptocurrency. Different from the credit endorsement mechanism of traditional central institutions (such as central banks), the Bitcoin blockchain forms software-defined credit, which marks a fundamental change from centralized national credit to decentralized algorithmic credit. In recent years, Bitcoin has relied on its first-mover advantage to form a complete ecosystem and industry chain covering issuance, circulation and financial derivatives markets. This is also the main reason why it has occupied the vast majority of the digital cryptocurrency market share for a long time. The development context and trends of blockchain
Blockchain technology is a universal underlying technology framework that can bring profound changes to various fields such as finance, economy, technology and even politics. According to the current development trend of blockchain technology, the districtBlockchain technology will experience the Blockchain 1.0 model characterized by a programmable digital cryptocurrency system, the Blockchain 2.0 model characterized by a programmable financial system, and the Blockchain 3.0 model characterized by a programmable society. model. However, the above-mentioned models are actually developing in parallel rather than in an evolutionary manner. The digital cryptocurrency system of the blockchain 1.0 model is still far from mature, and is actually farther and more difficult from its vision of global currency integration. At present, the blockchain field has shown an obvious development trend driven by technological and industrial innovation, and relevant academic research is seriously lagging behind and urgently needs to be followed up. Basic models and key technologies of blockchain
Generally speaking, a blockchain system consists of a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, a contract layer and an application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates various consensuses of network nodes Algorithm; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the programmable feature of the blockchain. The foundation; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology. Application Scenarios of Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology can not only be successfully used in the field of digital cryptocurrency, but also has a wide range of application scenarios in economic, financial and social systems. According to the current status of blockchain technology applications, this article broadly summarizes the current main applications of blockchain into six scenarios: digital currency, data storage, data authentication, financial transactions, asset management and election voting: Digital currency: Bitcoin It represents a digital currency that is essentially generated by a distributed network system, and its issuance process does not rely on a specific centralized institution. Data storage: The characteristics of blockchain such as high redundant storage, decentralization, high security and privacy protection make it particularly suitable for storing and protecting important private data to avoid attacks caused by centralized institutions or improper permission management. Massive data loss or breach. Data authentication: Blockchain data is time-stamped, jointly verified and recorded by consensus nodes, and cannot be tampered with or forged. These characteristics make the blockchain widely used in various data notarization and audit scenarios. For example, blockchain can permanently and securely store various licenses, registration forms, licenses, certificates, certifications and records issued by government agencies. Financial transactions: Blockchain technology has a very high degree of compatibility with financial market applications. Blockchain can spontaneously generate credit in a decentralized system and can establish a financial market without credit endorsement by a central institution, thereby realizing "financial disintermediation" to a large extent; at the same time, blockchain can be used to automate smart contracts and trustworthy transactions. The characteristics of programming can greatly reduce costs and improve efficiency.Asset management: Blockchain can realize the confirmation, authorization and real-time monitoring of tangible and intangible assets. Intangible asset management has been widely used in intellectual property protection, domain name management, points management and other fields; tangible asset management can be combined with Internet of Things technology to form "digital smart assets" to achieve distributed authorization and control based on blockchain. Election voting: Blockchain can implement applications such as political elections and corporate shareholder voting in a low-cost and efficient manner. At the same time, voting can be widely used in fields such as gambling, prediction markets, and social manufacturing. Existing issues with blockchain technology
Security threats are the most important issues faced by blockchain so far. Among them, blockchains based on the PoW consensus process mainly face the 51% attack problem, that is, nodes have the ability to successfully tamper and forge blockchain data by controlling more than 51% of the computing power of the entire network. Other issues include the potential threats of emerging computing technologies to crack asymmetric encryption mechanisms and privacy protection issues. The efficiency of blockchain is also an important factor restricting its application. Blockchain requires each node in the system to save a data backup, which is extremely difficult to store the growing mass of data. Although lightweight nodes can partially solve this problem, industrial-grade solutions suitable for larger scales still need to be developed. The Bitcoin blockchain can currently only process 7 transactions per second, and transaction confirmation time is generally 10 minutes, which greatly limits the application of blockchain in high-frequency trading scenarios in most financial systems. The PoW consensus process highly relies on the computing power contributed by the blockchain network nodes. These computing powers are mainly used to solve SHA256 hashes and random number searches. In addition, they do not produce any actual social value. Therefore, these computing powers are generally considered Resources are "wasted", and a large amount of power resources are also wasted. How to effectively pool the network computing power of distributed nodes to solve practical problems is an important issue that blockchain technology needs to solve. As a decentralized distributed system, the blockchain network will inevitably have game relationships of competition and cooperation between its nodes during the interaction process, such as the block interception attack game of the Bitcoin mining pool. The blockchain consensus process is essentially a crowdsourcing process. How to design an incentive-compatible consensus mechanism so that self-interested nodes in a decentralized system can spontaneously implement the verification and accounting of block data, and improve the efficiency of non-profit organizations within the system. The cost of rational behavior to suppress security attacks and threats is an important scientific issue to be solved in blockchain. Smart Contracts and Blockchain Technology
Smart contracts are a set of scenario-responsive programmed rules and logic. They are decentralized, trustworthy and shared program codes deployed on the blockchain. Usually, after the smart contract is signed by all parties, it is attached to the blockchain data (such as a Bitcoin transaction) in the form of program code, and is recorded in a specific block of the blockchain after being propagated through the P2P network and verified by nodes. . Smart contracts encapsulate a number of predefined states and transition rules, as well as scenarios that trigger contract execution (such as reaching a specifictime or the occurrence of a specific event, etc.), response actions under specific situations, etc. The blockchain can monitor the status of smart contracts in real time, and activate and execute the contract by checking external data sources and confirming that specific trigger conditions are met. Smart contracts are of great significance to blockchain technology. On the one hand, smart contracts are the activators of the blockchain, giving flexible and programmable mechanisms and algorithms to the static underlying blockchain data, and laying the foundation for building programmable financial systems and social systems in the blockchain 2.0 and 3.0 eras. On the other hand, the automation and programmable characteristics of smart contracts enable it to encapsulate the complex behavior of each node in the distributed blockchain system and become a software agent robot in the virtual world composed of blockchain, which helps Promote the application of blockchain technology in various distributed artificial intelligence systems, allowing the construction of various decentralized applications (Decentralized applications, Dapp), decentralized autonomous organizations (Decentralized Autonomous Organization, DAO), and Decentralized Autonomous Corporation (DAC) and even Decentralized Autonomous Society (DAS) become possible. The main development trend of blockchain and smart contract technology is from automation to intelligence. The essential logic of various existing smart contracts and their applications is mostly based on "IF-THEN" type conditional response rules based on predefined scenarios, which can meet the current needs of automated transactions and data processing. Future smart contracts should have "WHAT-IF" deductions based on unknown scenarios, computational experiments, and a certain degree of autonomous decision-making functions, thereby achieving a leap from current "automated" contracts to true "smart" contracts. Blockchain-driven parallel society
In recent years, a parallel society based on CPSS (Cyber-Physical-SocialSystems) has emerged. Its core and essential feature is virtual-real interaction and parallel evolution. Blockchain is one of the infrastructures for realizing CPSS parallel society. Its main contribution is to provide a set of effective decentralized data structures, interaction mechanisms and computing models for distributed social systems and distributed artificial intelligence research. And it has laid a solid data foundation and credit foundation for the realization of a parallel society. As far as the basis of data is concerned, management scientist Edward Deming once said: Everyone except God must speak with data. However, in centralized social systems, data is usually in the hands of a "few people" such as governments and large enterprises. It "speaks" for a few people, and its fairness, authority and even security may not be guaranteed. Blockchain data is stored in highly redundant distributed nodes and is in the hands of “everyone” and can beTo a true “data democracy”. In terms of the basis of credit, centralized social systems will inevitably have the characteristics of "Mertonian systems" due to their high engineering complexity and social complexity, that is, uncertainty, diversity and complexity, which are the center of social systems. Institutions and rule makers may behave dishonestly due to individual interests; blockchain technology helps realize a software-defined social system. Its basic idea is to eliminate centralized institutions and convert unpredictable behaviors into programmed codes of smart contracts. The form is deployed and solidified in the blockchain data in advance, and cannot be forged or tampered with afterwards and is executed automatically. This can, to a certain extent, transform the "Merton" social system into a "Newton" that can be fully observed, actively controlled, and accurately predicted. "Social system. The ACP (Artificial Societies, Computational Experiments and Parallel Execution) method is the only systematic and complete research framework in the field of parallel society management so far. It is the logical extension and logical extension of complexity science in the parallel social environment in the new era. Innovation. The ACP method can be naturally combined with blockchain technology to achieve blockchain-driven parallel social management. First of all, mechanisms such as blockchain's P2P networking, distributed consensus collaboration, and contribution-based economic incentives are themselves natural modeling of distributed social systems, in which each node will act as an independent and autonomous agent in the distributed system. Agent. With the improvement of the blockchain ecosystem, the consensus nodes of the blockchain and increasingly complex and autonomous smart contracts will form DAC and DAO in specific organizational forms by participating in various forms of Dapp, and ultimately form DAS, which is the ACP. artificial society. Secondly, the programmable nature of smart contracts allows the blockchain to carry out various "WHAT-IF" types of virtual experimental design, scenario deduction and result evaluation. Through this computational experiment process, optimal decisions are obtained and executed automatically or semi-automatically. Finally, the smart assets formed by the combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things make it possible to connect the real physical world and virtual cyberspace, and can achieve collaborative optimization of social management and decision-making through virtual-real interaction and parallel tuning of real and artificial social systems. It is not difficult to predict that in the future, when all physical assets in the real physical world are registered as smart assets on the chain, the blockchain-driven parallel society will arrive.