区块链通俗易懂的例子图,区块链用大白话解释
区块链（Blockchain）是一种分布式账本技术，它可以记录任何形式的数据，并且可以被任何参与者安全地共享，而无需第三方信任。它的基本原理是，每个参与者都拥有一个完整的复制副本，并且可以安全地添加新的记录。由于它是分布式的，因此它可以被任何人查看，也不会受到操纵或篡改的影响。
本文将介绍区块链技术中的三个关键词：分布式账本（Distributed Ledger）、共识机制（Consensus Mechanism）和智能合约（Smart Contract）。
分布式账本（Distributed Ledger）是一种分布式的数据库，它可以记录任何形式的数据，并且可以被任何参与者安全地共享，而无需第三方信任。分布式账本可以被用于记录交易，以及资产的所有权。它的基本原理是，每个参与者都拥有一个完整的复制副本，并且可以安全地添加新的记录。由于它是分布式的，因此它可以被任何人查看，也不会受到操纵或篡改的影响。
共识机制（Consensus Mechanism）是区块链技术的核心，它是一种让参与者之间达成共识的机制。它可以确保参与者之间的数据一致性，并防止恶意行为。共识机制可以分为两种：工作量证明（Proof of Work）和权益证明（Proof of Stake）。工作量证明是一种机制，参与者必须完成一定量的计算工作，以证明他们的参与。权益证明则是一种机制，参与者必须持有一定数量的资产，以证明他们的参与。
智能合约（Smart Contract）是一种用于执行自动化交易的计算机程序，它可以在特定的条件下执行交易。智能合约可以被用于执行复杂的金融交易，例如股票交易、期权交易等。它还可以被用于实现跨境支付，以及在物联网中实现自动化物流。智能合约的优势在于，它可以让交易双方达成一致，并且可以自动执行，从而提高效率和减少交易成本。
以上就是区块链技术中的三个关键词：分布式账本、共识机制和智能合约。它们是区块链技术的基础，可以帮助参与者安全地共享数据，并自动执行交易。
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1. How to interpret blockchain in the simplest way
Everyone hears the word blockchain every day recently, so what is blockchain? Explanations such as "distributed, difficult to tamper, and consistent storage" are too technical and dry. Let me give you some popular science here: Blockchain is mainly designed to solve the trust problem between individuals who do not trust each other.
To give a popular example: It is said that Lao Li and Lao Wang live in the same village. Lao Li is a little short of money recently and wants to borrow some money from Lao Wang. As for Lao Wang, he was worried about what would happen if he defaulted on the loan after borrowing money from Lao Li, so he called in the "highly respected" village chief. But thinking about it, the village chief couldn't be trusted either. The village chief had even stolen other people's sweet potatoes in the past! what to do?
The blockchain method is: After Lao Wang borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li, he then used a loudspeaker to shout in the village, "I, Lao Wang, borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li today. Everyone Record it quickly." So everyone in the village recorded it in their own account books and kept it carefully. This is good, Lao Li can't rely on him anymore. Even if there are dishonest people in the village, there are still many good people. Lao Li can't find everyone in the village to secretly erase his loan records. In this way, the blockchain solved the trust problem of borrowing money between Lao Wang and Lao Li, who did not trust each other.
Before the emergence of blockchain, how did we solve the problem of trust between individuals who did not trust each other? It's simple, just find a "witness" who is "highly respected" and trusted by both parties, such as the village chief in the story, such as Alipay between the buyer and seller, such as the notary office, etc. However, it is possible that such "witnesses" may not always be honest, so the blockchain simply allows everyone to act as a witness.
Lao Wang is relieved, but Lao Li has a headache! Lao Li has to wait until everyone in the village has recorded the money before he can get the money lent to him. There is no uncle or aunt in the family who is slower. Therefore, there is still a certain distance between blockchain and application, and efficiency issues need to be significantly improved.
Recall how you usually trade with others: you can choose a beautiful dress in a physical store, confirm that the other party’s clothes are of good quality, and the other party confirms that your money is real money. , then we will pay and receive the goods face to face.
What if we are thousands of miles apart and neither know nor trust each other but still want to trade? Then there needs to be a third party that we all trust, which is the so-called consensus mechanism. For example: you can complete the transaction through a third-party witness guarantee on Taobao. The money is first given to Alipay - Alipay collects the payment and lets the seller deliver the goods - the seller delivers the goods - you confirm receipt - Alipay then gives the money to the seller.
However, what if this centralized organization does evil and Dad Ma tears up the account books and refuses to admit that you gave the money, or joins forces with the seller to defraud you of money?
Or maybe the government lent you 1 million and finally paid it back by issuing extra currency.If I give you money, 1 million shrinks to 10,000, and you bear the loss of inflation, what will you do?
Is there a third party that is not controlled by any government or organization, can complete arbitration in an open and transparent manner, has records that will not be tampered with, and has no risk of running away?
Don’t worry, our protagonist’s blockchain technology solves this problem - the transactions between you can be witnessed by everyone in this blockchain system, and it will be recorded in everyone’s small ledger. Your deal. If B denies receiving money from A, or if A says that he borrowed 300 yuan, passers-by A, B, B, and D will question him. How exactly is it done?
1) The system issues a small ledger to everyone, so that everyone has the right to keep accounts. We call it distributed accounting.
2) In order to encourage everyone to help others keep accounts, the system code is set to reward tokens such as Bitcoin to the keepers. In order to prevent a group of people from being blocked in keeping accounts, the tokens are also set to There are only a limited number of A, B, C and D who need to be calculated through the mechanism specified by the system. Only the fastest and best calculation can obtain the right to keep accounts. After recording, it is broadcast to everyone through the system. Everyone copies the same ledger. This is obtained through calculation. The reward process is called mining, and passers-by A, B, C and D who keep accounts are the miners.
3) One day, A, who originally recorded the transaction, Game Over, but the ledger still exists in other people's ledgers. Neither A nor B can deny it. We have written in code how to arbitrate and distribute, without the need for banks, governments, enterprises and other centralized organizations to serve as third-party witnesses (decentralization), and the direct point-to-point (P2P) transaction method is called decentralization.
4) The system packages multiple transactions into blocks and links them in chronological order to become the final ledger that everyone has. This is the blockchain technology
In fact, the block chain The simple understanding of blockchain as a ledger is only the simplest interpretation. If each of its characteristics is separated, it can be applied in many fields.
Now the traditional financial industry, securities firms, and investment institutions are rushing to enter the Internet of Things, games, storage, copyright, anti-counterfeiting, credit reporting, payment, prediction markets (gambling, etc.), communities and many other fields. The exploration and application of blockchain has already begun.
The Internet allows everything to be connected. Can blockchain make everything connected trustworthy?
Let me explain the blockchain using the natural stones of heaven and earth:
All science, philosophy, morality... heaven and earth are included. Every thing and every culture is related to the Taoism of heaven and earth.
Blockchain naturally cannot escape the fate of heaven and earth: that is, smooth, random, infinite, and impermanent.
It is this strange stone, and the overall data movement on its surface. First, the whole is intangible. Second, the lines and points adhere to a pattern: the path of impermanence. That is to say, every line and every point they pursue is not a closed goal or a limited purpose. I can understand it better when I say this: when a painter paints a chicken, it has a purpose and an ending, while strange rocks, when created by nature, have no ending. Therefore, the phase is not closed, and the line and point data are not terminated. The technology of block connection is this way of destiny. Impermanence is invisible and has no end. (No centralization means formlessness, no closed form, no closed structure, no closed mind... just like "stone" to do things).
Confucius Lingshi Museum in Qufu, Shandong
Hello everyone, I am Pippi. I will use a few life examples to explain to you what blockchain is?
A decentralized, tamper-proof, distributed storage data block linking system that uses encrypted information as the link address is called blockchain
This thing is originally There are many high-tech composite products that cannot be simplified. No matter how simple it is, it takes a long paragraph, and it may not be clear.
The strict definition of blockchain refers to the design based on cryptography technology. Consensus mechanism, a distributed database technology in which multiple nodes in a peer-to-peer network jointly maintain a continuously growing, chained list ledger constructed of timestamps and ordered record data blocks. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system for a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.
Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages and architectures. . There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.
The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first financial payment method of blockchain.applications in the payment field.
[Popular explanation]
No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.
If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes in the ledger are recorded in a block. We can imagine this block as a page of paper. After confirming that the record is correct, the system will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then This piece of paper is sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This also means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.
Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.
[Elements]
Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider privateBlockchain technology (private chain).
1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)
2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)
3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)
4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]
Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained (Collectively maintained), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.
Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.
Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.
Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.
Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.
Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.
Privacy policyAnonymity: Since there is no need for mutual trust between nodes, there is no need to disclose identities between nodes, and the privacy of each participating node in the system is protected.
[One of the meanings of blockchain: Solving the Byzantine Generals Problem]
The core problem solved by blockchain is not "digital currency", but information asymmetry and inconsistency. Under a certain environment, how to establish a "trust" ecological system that satisfies the occurrence and development of economic activities. This problem is called the "Byzantine Generals Problem", also known as "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" or the "Two Armies Problem". This is a difficult problem faced when information machines interact in a distributed system, that is, any point in the entire network When nodes cannot trust the other party they are communicating with, how can they create a consensus basis for secure information exchange without worrying about data being tampered with. Blockchain uses an algorithmic proof mechanism to ensure the security of the entire network. With it, all nodes in the entire system can automatically and securely exchange data in a trustless environment. For more introduction, please see "Bitcoin and the Byzantine Generals Problem".
[The second meaning of blockchain: realizing cross-border value transfer]
At the beginning of the birth of the Internet, the earliest core problem to be solved was information production and transmission. We can transfer information through the Internet It can be quickly generated and copied to every corner of the world with a network, but it still cannot solve the value transfer and credit transfer. The so-called value transfer here refers to a method that everyone in the network can recognize and confirm, accurately transferring a certain part of the value from a certain address to another address, and it must be ensured that when the value is transferred, the original address is reduced The transferred portion, while the new address increases the value transferred. The value mentioned here can be a monetary asset, or some kind of physical asset or virtual asset (including securities, financial derivatives, etc.). The results of this operation must be recognized by all participating parties, and the results cannot be manipulated by any one party.
There are also various financial systems in the current Internet, and there are also many payment systems provided by government banks or third parties, but they still rely on centralized solutions. The so-called centralized solution is to put all value transfer calculations on a central server (cluster) through the endorsement of a certain company or government credit. Although all calculations are automatically completed by programs, this centralization must be trusted. person or institution. In fact, through centralized credit endorsement, credit can only be limited to certain institutions, regions or countries. It can be seen from this that the fundamental problem that must be solved is credit. Therefore, the core issue of value transfer is transnational credit consensus.
In such a complex global system, it is difficult to establish a global credit consensus system out of thin air, since each countryDue to different political, economic and cultural conditions, it is almost impossible for the companies and governments of two countries to have complete mutual trust. This means that whether it is endorsed by the credit of individuals or corporate governments, the exchange of value between transnational Even if it can be done, it will have huge time and economic costs. But in the long history of mankind, no matter how different the religion, politics and culture of each country are, the only thing that can reach consensus is mathematics (basic science). Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that mathematics (algorithms) is the greatest common denominator of global civilization and the basis for the greatest consensus among human beings around the world. If we use mathematical algorithms (programs) as endorsement, all rules are based on an open and transparent mathematical algorithm (program), which can allow all people with different political and cultural backgrounds to gain consensus.
[Future Development]
The Internet will make global interactions closer and closer, accompanied by a huge trust gap. Currently, the existing mainstream database technology architecture is private and centralized. On this architecture, the problems of value transfer and mutual trust can never be solved. Therefore, blockchain technology may become the next generation database architecture. Through decentralized technology, it will be possible to complete the huge progress of mathematical (algorithm) endorsement and global mutual trust on the basis of big data.
As a specific distributed access data technology, blockchain technology uses multiple nodes participating in calculations in the network to jointly participate in the calculation and recording of data, and mutually verify the validity of their information. (anti-counterfeiting). From this point of view, blockchain technology is also a specific database technology. The Internet has just entered the era of big data, but from the current point of view, big data is still in a very basic stage. But when it enters the blockchain database stage, it will enter the big data era of real strong trust endorsement. All data here has acquired indestructible quality, and no one has the ability or need to question it.
Perhaps we are now at a major turning point - the early stages of a major transition that is almost as profound as the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Not only are new technologies exponential, digital and combined, progress and changes, but more surprises may be ahead of us. In the next 24 months, the planet will grow more computing power and record more data than it has in all of history combined. In the past 24 months, this value increase may have exceeded 1,000 times. This digital data information is growing faster than Moore's Law. Blockchain technology will not only be used in the field of financial payments, but will expand to all current applications, such as decentralized Weibo, WeChat, search, renting, and even taxi-hailing software may appear. Because blockchain will allow humans to collaborate on a large scale in a trustless manner without geographical restrictions.
Blockchain is a technology based on which there are many applications, includingIn all industries related to data and information, Bitcoin is one of the most well-known applications. The popular explanation of blockchain is that if you buy a lipstick online, you first find the product you like and place an order with the seller. You first give the money to the intermediary platform. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt, the intermediary platform then transfers the money. Transfer it to the seller, because of the trust issue, both buyers and sellers rely on the intermediate platform, and the blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger database, focuses on removing this intermediate platform while solving the trust issue at the same time. In the blockchain, everyone has their own ledger to record everything that happens. If a seller takes money but does not deliver goods during a transaction, this record will exist permanently and cannot be modified, and there is no need to interact with each other. To exchange information, the blockchain world will choose the person's ledger that records the fastest and best quality at the same time node to copy, send and connect in series. Finally, the thicker and thicker the stack is, the more blocks will be formed.
When everyone talks about virtual currencies, they often cannot do without the concept of blockchain. So what is the magic of blockchain?
Blockchain is an underlying technology, essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. It sounds very high-end and out of reach, but it is actually very easy to understand.
For example, if you want to buy something on Taobao, the first thing you usually have to do is to open Taobao, find the product you want, place an order and pay the money to Taobao, which is the transaction intermediary. Taobao will pay the seller after receiving the goods and confirming receipt. This was originally just a transaction between me and the seller, but it has an additional "center", namely Taobao.
During the transaction process, this "center" has unlimited power and can even modify the bill at will. Therefore, the “center” often needs a strong backend to endorse it.
So, a man named Satoshi Nakamoto wanted to get rid of this center with infinite power. He wanted to create a decentralized system in which everyone is the center and everyone is the center. Have the authority to keep accounts. So, he created Bitcoin.
In the Bitcoin system, everyone has a small ledger to record every transaction that occurs. A transaction is only valid after being confirmed by a majority of people. If the seller doesn't deliver the goods, everyone's little ledger will record it, leaving him nowhere to escape.
At this time, you may have questions. Since it is just a public ledger, why is it called a blockchain? This involves the issue of consensus. The blockchain system is a system composed of many "centers". The entire blockchain belongs to all individuals participating in accounting. At this time, new problems arise. A system must be in order to survive in the long term. If the bookkeeper can act recklessly regardless of the cost, it may happen that he originally just bought a mobile phone, but received a Tesla instead.
So, Satoshi Nakamoto invented a consensus method called PoW. This method increases the cost of bookkeeping for bookkeepers and prevents them from doing evil easily. PoW uses cryptography to require bookkeepers to compete for computing power to obtain accounting rights. The first bookkeeper to calculate the result can obtain the accounting rights of a block packaged from several transactions. At the same time, you will receive certain tokens as rewards. This is what we commonly call "mining".
Now that the bookkeeper has recorded a block containing several transactions, the system needs to be organized and sorted, and it is impossible to have countless blocks distributed in the system in an orderly manner. So it is necessary to link all blocks end to end in chronological order. At this time, the blockchain was born. The core of blockchain is technology.
2. Briefly explain what blockchain is and give an example!
For example:
The village chief’s conspiracy has been exposed! Who did it? Be bold!
It is said that the village chief of Maoxian Village, Mr. Wang, is a symbol of power in the village and is highly respected.
Every household in the village has transactions with each other. For the sake of fairness and justice, every household in the village must ask Village Chief Wang as a guarantee and record the information in his account book, but they must charge 1% of the transaction amount. , everyone is willing to trust him.
Suddenly one day, it was discovered that Village Chief Wang had accepted bribes from one party and maliciously tampered with the account books, causing serious losses to the other party.
All the villagers angrily decided to abolish his rights. Some villagers suggested that we all have an account book in the future. When a transaction occurs, we will shout at the entrance of the village. More than 51% of the villagers confirmed this transaction information. It will be regarded as passed, and the village’s account books will be open and transparent from now on.
The ledger of each villager is a block. Someone shouts at the entrance of the village, and everyone connects to confirm the ledger information is a chain. The combined system is a blockchain system. (Borrowing an example from the Zambi community)
3. How to introduce the blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future
There is a real joke , an engineer at Ant Financial Services Group. He wrote a blind date resume, and the job description in it was "code farmer". However, no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain". Zi received 381 love letters.
From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.
1. What is blockchain?
To put it figuratively speaking, blockchain means "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to be responsible for "accounting" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents of his records into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to perform backups.
Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks. Now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency has been improved not only a little!
3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?
As mentioned above, the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:
In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof General ledger books. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.
In terms of car rental, blockchain also has great potential. Prospective customers choose what they want to rentThe leased car enters the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the rental agreement and insurance policy, while the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.
In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.
Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.
In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."
Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.
1. What is blockchain;
2. What are the benefits of blockchain;
3. What are the uses of blockchain;
4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;
Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain
Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.
1. What is a "block"?
You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.
For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.
When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.
This is the first dimension.
To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.
Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. famous. However, human DNA is different, even if you have identical brothers and sistersSister, your DNA is also different, so this is your unique identification. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a benefit of the blockchain.
2. What is a "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.
Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.
Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and tested.
The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.
Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?
1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.
Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.
2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. That is to say When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.
For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.
However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.
Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.
3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I won't secretly do anything to the contract, so thatYou suffer losses.
This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.
In the third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain
1. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a cryptocurrency. Of course, you can make another one based on it, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.
2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.
The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?
Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.
3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.
You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will eliminate many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.
Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.
After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.
Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.
The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike Bitcoin in the past, you had to copy it exactly and reinvent it.Do it again, you can easily issue your own currency on Ethereum today, just like you can easily create your App on the Android operating system today.
There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions
1. The transaction delay is very long. I asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.
2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, the early people took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one knows clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.
3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.
Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technologies and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.
Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.
Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.
Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!
Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.
The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.
Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage
Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.
Keywords: block, chain, database, accountJapan, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market
First, what is blockchain? Blocks and chains are an accounting method and a form of network data storage.
Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution result data of smart contracts, etc.
Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".
This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain certain information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block must modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.
Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.
Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network
Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.
How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets
Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.
The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.
When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone will only recognize the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.
To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and thenBlocks are connected one after another and stored in each node. However, an encryption algorithm will be used to ensure that the node information is not leaked, that the user's information is encrypted, and that the information in the block is not compromised. and tampering
Second, the current development of blockchain, various projects and significance, at this stage are more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.
Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.
For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.
I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.
Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.
For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.
What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.
This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.
In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights
But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.
Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.
It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.
There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break into pieces all the data and information that needs to be stored on the network, become small pieces of fragments
and then distributed to the entire Internet. When we want to use network data in the future, we will no longer need a large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.
If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.
Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.
The original digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.
Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.
It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.
Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?
This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.
Third, it is essentially a mechanism of trust, a method of value transmission, and an exploration of social governance methods.
What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.
Mainly in these aspects.
First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.
The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.
You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually comeFind a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.
For example, the master who could whip five lightning whips a while ago. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable
Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.
The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.
If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. Transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.
You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brainpower, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.
The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.
You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.
So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.
To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure
Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.
The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.
The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.
I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, DistrictThe underlying technical logic of the blockchain, as well as some mainstream items. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.
4. How to explain blockchain in a popular way
Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database. The advantage is that buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary. Everyone has a backup, even if your copy is lost, it will not be affected.
(4) Easy-to-understand examples of blockchain for further reading:
Blockchain application fields
1. Finance Field
Blockchain has potentially huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.
2. Internet of Things and Logistics Fields
Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. Through blockchain, logistics costs can be reduced, the production and delivery process of items can be traced, and the efficiency of supply chain management can be improved. This field is considered a promising application direction of blockchain.
3. Public welfare field
The data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and cannot be tampered with, so it is naturally suitable for use in social welfare scenarios. Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain and transparently and publicly disclosed conditionally to facilitate social supervision.
4. Insurance field
In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.
5. What is the popular explanation of blockchain
What is the popular explanation of blockchain
Block What is the popular explanation of blockchain? Blockchain is a hot topic at the moment, and its development speed in the country is getting faster and faster, but many people still don’t know what blockchain is? Now I will give you an easy-to-understand explanation of what blockchain is!
Popular explanation of what blockchain is 1Generally speaking, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database. The advantage of this distributed ledger is that buyers and sellers can trade directly. There is no need for any intermediary, everyone has a backup, even if your copy is lost, it will not be affected.
Suppose you have a ledger at home, and your parents give you your salary and ask you to record it in the ledger. You misappropriated more than ten yuan privately because of your greed, and no one else knew about it. But the way to solve the problem with blockchain is to keep accounts by mobilizing the whole family.Only you are keeping accounts, your father, mother, brother, sister, younger brother, sister, etc. are all keeping accounts. They can all see the general ledger. You cannot change it, and neither can anyone else.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc.
Popular explanation of what blockchain is 2Common questions in blockchain engineer interviews
What do you think the block in blockchain technology means?
The blockchain consists of information about all financial transactions. A block is nothing more than a list of records. When these lists are combined together, they are called a blockchain. For example, if an organization has 100 ledgers, their combination is called a blockchain, and a single ledger will be considered a single block.
Why is blockchain a trustworthy approach?
There are many reasons to trust blockchain. The first reason is that it is compatible with other business applications because it is open source. Secondly, it is secure because it was developed for online transactions, so the developers pay special attention to its data synchronization while keeping it safe. Because the type of business it holds is unrelated, it is easy to consider distinguishing chains when choosing.
How much do you know about blockchain?
This is a technology that was actually designed for Bitcoin and later heavily promoted for the multiple benefits of monitoring and recording all financial transactions on the network. This is a trusted method that is currently being used by many organizations. Since everything is secure and open source, it is easy to gain trust in the long run.
Utilizing blockchain in an organization, if there are specific technical requirements for the network?
No specific conditions of use. However, the network must be a peer-to-peer network under the relevant protocol. It literally just validates new blocks and helps organizations stay in sync without having to invest in third-party applications.
What is encryption? What is its role in blockchain?
Data security is always very important. Encryption is basically a way to help organizations keep their data secure. In this technique, data is encoded or altered to some extent by the sender before being sent to the network. Only the receiver can know how to decode it. This practice is very useful in blockchain because it increases the overall security and authenticity of the block and helps ensure that the block is secure.
What types of records can be saved on the blockchain? Are there any restrictions?
There are no restrictions on any type of records in the blockchain approach. Currently, many organizations around the world are usingWith this approach, the reality is that medical transaction records, organizational related events, administrative activities, transaction processing, identity management, document records are all common record types that can use blockchain. And record keeping is not limited to these applications..
What is double spending?
This is one of the main issues related to digital currencies. In practice, this is a condition of passing a digital certificate, since the card can be used multiple times through a digital file that is often easily cloned. It only leads to inflation and the organization has to bear huge losses. A major technical goal of blockchain is to eliminate this approach as much as possible.
Explain the importance of blind signatures and how they are useful?
It is actually a form of digital signature, an important part of cryptography, where all information is blinded until it is actually considered or signed. This is a proven method often considered in different privacy-related agreements between the author and the signatory. Digital currency design is one of the most common examples.
What is key sharing? Are there any benefits to blockchain technology?
As we all know, security issues in digital transactions are very important. Key sharing is a similar approach. In blockchain technology, this is a method of dividing keys or personal information into different units and sending them to network users. The original information can only be merged if the participant who distributed the key agrees to be merged with other participants. It can provide various security-related benefits in blockchain technology.
What organizations can use blockchain technology?
This method can be considered as commercial class without strict upper limit. In fact, almost all businesses are doing or online financial transactions that require them to successfully complete the implementation process. Large enterprises, financial institutions, private enterprises, government departments, and even defense agencies can easily trust this technology.
What is the difference between a blockchain ledger and a general ledger?
First of all, the main difference is that blockchain is a digital ledger that can be easily decentralized. This method is far less likely to go wrong than a regular ledger. Normal books are written by hand or by hand, blockchain does all the tasks automatically. You just need to configure it the right way and follow all the guidelines.
What is a soft fork?
Blocks in the ledger are included in a way that builds the longest chain, i.e. the chain with the greatest cumulative difficulty. A fork is a situation where there are two candidate blocks competing to form the longest blockchain, and two miners discover a working problem and fail to synchronize with each other within a short period of time. Causes network fragmentation because some nodes get blocks from miner #1 and others get blocks from miner #2. Forks are usually resolved in a block because the probability of this happening again becomes very low as the next block comes out so quickly thereA new longest chain will be considered primary.
6. How to explain blockchain with simple examples
Blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database with decentralization, distributed storage, and encryption algorithms , leaving traces throughout the process, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency and other characteristics.
Take the management of department funds as an example. The traditional method is to assign a person in the department to keep accounts and manage department funds. This person can directly manipulate the remaining amount or the amount used for each transaction. , taking advantage of their authority to make profits, this is traditional centralized management.
In the blockchain management model, everyone in the department has a fund usage ledger. Relevant personnel add usage records, and other personnel verify and synchronize them to their respective accounts. This book. Each transaction will record the usage time, user, amount and content of the fund, and generate a corresponding sequence number for marking. The sequence number of each transaction will be stored together with the next fund usage. Each transaction Accounting will be encrypted, and so on. At the same time, the account books of everyone in the department are visible to everyone outside, and anyone can check the usage of each fund through the account books.
In the blockchain management model, the simultaneous accounting of multiple people is "decentralized management".
Everyone in the department will store the information after verification, which is called the "consensus mechanism".
Everyone records the usage of each fund, which is called "distributed storage".
The sequence number generated from the detailed usage of each fund is called "Hash value".
Storing the serial number and the next fund usage is called the "full evidence chain".
Everyone’s ledger is visible to everyone outside, which is called “open and transparent”.
Inquiring about the usage of each fund is called "tracing to the source".
If someone wants to tamper with a certain amount of funds, the serial number of the funds will be changed accordingly, and this person will need to record all subsequent ledgers on the ledger and everyone's ledgers. Tampering with records. But the premise for this to be possible is that it can crack the encryption of everyone's every account, and once the system finds that there is an account that is different from everyone else's account, the blockchain will automatically correct the "wrong" account. . This can fully guarantee the originality and non-tamperability of blockchain electronic data.
7. What is the popular explanation of blockchain? You must know these five application scenarios of blockchain!
Recently, blockchain has become popular overnight, and everyone around is discussing blockchain.
So, is the blockchain the same as Bitcoin?
In fact, Bitcoin and blockchain are not the same thing.
Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, but the first usage scenario after the birth of blockchain is Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is just a string of data in a computer. Compared with paper currency, it is also called a "virtual currency". To put it simply, you can understand that Bitcoin is just a string of numbers with cash value, similar to Q coins. In other words, Bitcoin has no actual value. Its current value is supported by the faith of currency speculators. If the faith is gone, the value of Bitcoin will collapse.
What is blockchain? What are the characteristics of blockchain technology?
Let’s first take a look, why is blockchain called blockchain?
Data is stored piece by piece, and the data stored piece by piece is called a block. Different blocks are linked to the previous block, which is called a blockchain.
For example:
On a certain day of a certain year, Lao Wang lent Xiao Wang 10,000 yuan. Lao Wang told everyone around him the news , the transfer records were posted on WeChat Moments, and everyone helped them testify to the existence of this transaction.
Lao Wang and Xiao Wang are two nodes. These two nodes generate transaction time, location, person and other information, and they are packaged to form a "block". Lao Wang’s friends are also nodes. These nodes jointly record the transaction status and details (blocks) of the two nodes, Lao Wang and Xiao Wang. These blocks are connected to form a blockchain.
Fundamentally, blockchain is a distributed ledger database.
What does distributed ledger mean?
Let’s take a look at the traditional accounting method.
The traditional accounting method is a centralized accounting method. For example, if Lao Wang lent 10,000 yuan to Xiao Wang, if Lao Wang did not tell the world about this money, then this amount would Only Lao Wang knows about the money transactions, Xiao Wang knows, God knows, and Earth knows. This accounting method is a centralized accounting method. This method has a very fatal shortcoming: what should I do if the other party does not acknowledge the account? In fact, in real life, in spontaneous private lending relationships, there is no evidence when the lending relationship occurs, resulting in many cases where the other party does not acknowledge the debt afterwards.
The accounting method adopted by Lao Wang from the beginning has prevented future troubles. This method is the blockchain distributed ledger, which has the characteristics of decentralization and allows everyone to It is the center and everyone can testify to the existence of this deal.
In addition to the characteristics of decentralization, blockchain also has the characteristics of being immutable. In the blockchain, if the data in any one block changes, even if it only changes a punctuation mark, it will become invalid and needs to be recalculated. Therefore, in the blockchain technology, once a piece of data changes, the cost will be Very big. Unless all nodes in this blockchain have 51% control. So, blockThe chain system will be stable and secure.
It’s still Lao Wang and Xiao Wang. If Xiao Wang wants to default on his debt, he can’t tamper with it unless he bribes everyone in the world who knows about the transaction.
Blockchain is also open and transparent.
In blockchain technology, all data is public, which is still the case of Lao Wang and Xiao Wang.
If Xiao Wang does not accept the money, once this news is released, then Xiao Wang’s reputation will be ruined. He can only pay back the money to release new news and wash out the money. Clear your own identity.
Some people say that if the blockchain is so powerful, will my identity information be revealed and there will be no privacy? In fact, the blockchain has the characteristics of anonymity, which protects our privacy very well. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and can be done anonymously.
What are the applications of blockchain?
The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.
In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very wide, and blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.
1. Payment and clearing
The role of the intermediary bank can be abandoned, point-to-point payment can be realized, intermediary fees can be reduced, and fund utilization can be accelerated.
2. Product traceability
For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain website, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.
3. Securities trading
Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.
4. Supply chain
Introduce blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronize information within the system, control all links, and better complete division of labor and collaboration. , to facilitate accountability afterwards.
5. Intellectual property rights
With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.
