区块链酒店,区块链酒店项目有哪些

区块链酒店是一种将区块链技术与旅游行业结合在一起的新兴模式，它的出现可以让游客更加方便快捷地获得住宿服务。那么，区块链酒店项目有哪些拓展呢？

1.智能合约：智能合约是一种利用区块链技术进行自动执行的合约，它是一种自动执行的程序，可以在不受任何一方控制的情况下执行合约条款。在区块链酒店项目中，智能合约可以帮助酒店管理者实现自动化订单处理，提高订单处理效率，减少人工处理成本，同时也可以提高客户满意度。

2.数字货币：数字货币是一种以区块链技术为基础的虚拟货币，它是一种不受中央银行控制的货币，它的发行和流通完全由用户自主决定。在区块链酒店项目中，数字货币可以帮助酒店管理者实现快速支付，提高支付效率，同时也可以提高客户的支付体验。

3.去中心化应用：去中心化应用是一种基于区块链技术的应用，它可以实现去中心化的信息共享，可以让用户可以跨境转账、跨境支付、跨境投资等。在区块链酒店项目中，去中心化应用可以帮助酒店管理者实现跨境支付，提高支付效率，同时也可以提高客户的支付体验。

以上就是区块链酒店项目的拓展，智能合约、数字货币和去中心化应用都可以帮助酒店管理者提高支付效率，提升客户满意度，为游客提供更好的住宿服务。

1. What is the earliest application of blockchain and the most successful large-scale application

Consortium chain. Blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. The alliance chain is the earliest version of the blockchain. One application is also the most successful large-scale application. The transaction records of the traditional financial system are stored in the database of the bank center, while the blockchain is the ledger of Bitcoin.

2. Wonderful review | Warm congratulations on the successful conclusion of the first assembly of Jiulingwei public chain nodes

The two-day and one-night high-end training conference of the first assembly of Jiulingwei public chain nodes was held in It will be held grandly at Foshan Venus Royal Hotel on September 3rd and 4th, 2020.

At the meeting, Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, made an opening speech. In his speech, he said that the market is changing, and opportunities contain new starting points and new journeys. When the number of Jiuling Wei Public Chain nodes exceeded the 1,000 mark, the rally call for the Wei Public Chain has been sounded. We will take this opportunity to build a higher level platform and bridge. Let everyone who participates in the Weigong Chain fully enjoy the first wave of dividends brought by new developments and breakthroughs in the field of blockchain e-commerce, and jointly enjoy new technologies and new achievements in the progress of blockchain development in human society. Putting people first and maintaining justice in the world. Let’s work together to build a higher-level blockchain e-commerce ecosystem and create a new era of blockchain consumption, wealth creation and sharing.

This high-end training conference for the first assembly number of Weigong Chain nodes aims to improve the participating node guests’ awareness of blockchain technology and deepen their understanding of blockchain e-commerce. Together with Jiulingwei Public Chain, we actively promote the vigorous development of the blockchain e-commerce sharing economy and promote the continuous vitality and vitality of the social economy.

At the Jiuling Blockchain Chairman’s meeting, Lu Wei shared his personal life experience accumulated over the past decades and his insights into life. He mentioned that Jiuling Blockchain is his life and he loves this great cause. Form a community of life with the elite team of Jiuling Blockchain. At the same time, he shared with the participating node guests how to expand the market and devote high enthusiasm to this all-human cause of reconstructing a new business ecology and building a third-generation blockchain full ecology (public chain). Putting people first and maintaining justice in the world.

At the same time, many aspects of the meeting talked about how the Jiuling-dimensional public chain will change the old rules of e-commerce and reconstruct the new business ecology. At the same time, it was announced that the Wei Public Chain is about to reach the next new high point, and a new mechanism has been formulated to give back to the node families, so that we can work together and move forward hand in hand to achieve the world of Jiuling Wei Public Chain with a firm pace.

At the first assembly meeting of Weigong Chain Nodes, many senior leaders including Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, took the stage to show the strong team of Jiuling Blockchain. Will continue to serve the nodes of Weigong Chain wholeheartedly and lead the participating nodes togetherAchieve the world of public chain.

Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain, shared his past experience in the real estate industry at the meeting. Speaking of its popularity, if you choose the right path and direction, you will be successful. Similarly, blockchain is the focus of the moment and the future. The power of blockchain can empower participants to enjoy the wealth, and blockchain e-commerce can definitely build new successful businesses.

Dr. Liu Haifeng, general manager of Jiuling Blockchain Technology, has entered the blockchain field in 2006. He has conducted in-depth research and is committed to leading the practical application of blockchain technology to the real economy for many years. At the meeting, he used his professional knowledge to share the future development of blockchain and the technology of Weigong Chain. Lead the guests to have an in-depth understanding of the technical understanding and future development trends of blockchain and Weigong Chain.

Dr. Zhang Genyuan, chairman of Jiuling Zhengzhou Branch, used his professional financial knowledge reserves to hold an ideological gathering with participating nodes at the first offline high-end conference of Weigong Chain nodes. Provide more powerful motivation for guests attending the conference to achieve their life goals. Let’s break the thinking together and use the blockchain e-commerce strength of Jiuling Dimension Public Chain to embark on an extraordinary road to success.

Mr. Yao Pu, marketing director of Jiuling Blockchain, gave a comprehensive analysis of the disadvantages and shortcomings of various model companies and platforms through comparison with the current market, and deeply analyzed the impact of blockchain e-commerce on The reform of the model market, a detailed analysis of blockchain e-commerce’s superior brightness and advantages over various model companies, provides everyone with a clearer direction of identification. Jiuling Blockchain will dedicate more and more powerful power to the participants in the great cause of Weigong Chain, and work together to share the dividends brought by the emerging industry of blockchain e-commerce.

Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, collaborated with several company executives to share and analyze how blockchain technology empowers the real economy with a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation and development. The guests at the meeting node all praised the sharing of the senior executives of Jiuling Company, and bursts of applause broke out at the scene.

The new mechanism was announced for the first time at the first assembly meeting of Weigong Chain, attracting dozens of on-site participating node guests to become agents and sites. They have firm confidence and vow to form a community of life with Jiulingwei Public Chain, jointly contribute to the iteration of the e-commerce ecology, achieve win-win cooperation, and jointly create a new era of blockchain consumption, wealth creation and sharing.

Participating node guests who become agents on site will receive high-end gold watches or diamond rings, and those who become sites will receive leather bags with full visual traceability.

Mr. Li Meng became the agent on the spot and took a group photo with Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, and Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain.

Mr. Ye Feng and his wife became agents on the spot and took photos with Mr. Lu Wei, Chairman of Jiuling Blockchain, and Mr. Cai Bingquan, President of Jiuling Blockchain.

“WeigongChain is people-oriented, and we protect the public in the world.”

“WeigongLian is people-oriented and upholds justice in the world. ”

3. What is the relationship between blockchain and digital currency

Blockchain refers to a series of data blocks (i.e. blocks) connected The chain formed is connected in the following way: the N+1th block contains the hash value of the Nth block. Moreover, such a chain of data blocks is simultaneously used by a large number of widely distributed server nodes. Storage and maintenance, each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain. Digital currency is another form of existence and circulation of legal currency. Compared with the banknotes and coins currently in circulation, it is digital way of existence. The legal existence of digital currency is legal and is born based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology for the issuance of digital currency. This is also the most direct relationship between the two. They can interact with each other. Independent existence. The content of this article comes from: China Law Press "Financial Code of the People's Republic of China: Application Edition"

4. Launched in Lanzhou NetEase Joint Innovation Center, launched 2019CITC, and released the industrial intelligence platform

Currently, Lanzhou and even the entire northwest region are ushering in three major events related to regional innovation and entrepreneurship. On July 3, the Lanzhou Municipal Government and NetEase signed a strategic cooperation signing ceremony NetEase's new product launch conference (hereinafter referred to as the cooperation conference) was held at Lanzhou Baiyun Hotel. NetEase signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Lanzhou Municipal Government and Hangzhou Jiawei Technology Co., Ltd. to jointly build the Lanzhou NetEase Joint Innovation Center project. At the same time, the NetEase Joint Innovation Center annual The brand event 2019CITC was launched in Lanzhou. During the period, NetEase Cloud also released the latest product NetEase "Blast" industrial intelligence platform.

Three-party signing site

Zuo Long, deputy mayor of Lanzhou Municipal People's Government, Meng Fanming, general manager of NetEase Joint Innovation Center, Guo Lihang, chief solution expert of NetEase Hangzhou Research Institute, and Xu Dan, director of operations of NetEase Joint Innovation Center, attended the cooperation conference. "With cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, regional The development of a new generation of information technology represented by blockchain has become the core force driving global industrial change. "Zuo Long, deputy mayor of Lanzhou City, introduced that the Lanzhou NetEase Joint Innovation Center project will integrate NetEase's superior resources, with the NetEase Hangzhou Research Institute as the core, and tap NetEase's superior resources in games, media, education, cloud computing, etc., combined with Lanzhou In fact, NetEase Digital Information Science and Technology Park will be built with the entire chain of industrial R&D, incubation, trading and industrialization to promote the transformation and upgrading of Lanzhou's digital economy.

"Relying on the 'Lanzhou Fair' platform, this time NetEase and Lanzhou The government's signing is of great significance to the strategic layout of both parties. The establishment of Lanzhou NetEase Joint Innovation Center will focus on Lanzhou's unique advantages and NetEase's 22 years of experience in the Internet field, bring together Internet technology and talent empowerment, strengthen Lanzhou's scientific and technological innovation, and help Industrial transformation and upgrading, making the project a scientific and technological innovation in the northwest regionBusiness card, benchmark park and innovation highland for the national digital economy," said Meng Fanming, general manager of NetEase Joint Innovation Center.

The annual blockbuster brand event "2019CITC" was launched, and the northwest division (Lanzhou) premiered

At the cooperation press conference, NetEase Joint Innovation Center’s annual blockbuster brand event “2019CITC” was officially launched, and the 2019CITC Northwest Division (Lanzhou) officially opened its recruitment. It is understood that CITC started in 2017. Unlike previous years, 2019CITC is NetEase Joint Innovation Center integrates the three major activities of CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition (formerly "NetEase China Entrepreneur Competition"), CITC·Industrial Forum, and CITC·Frontier Summit (formerly "NetEase Fission Frontier Summit") to create a combination of "Contest + Forum + Summit" trinity industry conference IP, the upgraded 2019CITC can also be said to be one of the highest-standard industrial innovation conferences in the field of cutting-edge innovation.

2019CITC launched

NetEase Joint Innovation Xu Dan, the center’s operations director, said that the 2019 CITC started in July and lasted until mid-to-late October, lasting more than three months and divided into three stages - CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition regional auditions were launched in the early stage, and CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition was launched in the mid-term. The regional finals of the Entrepreneurship Competition go hand in hand with the CITC·Industry Forum, and will end with the CITC·Frontier Summit and CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition National Finals in mid-to-late October.

It is understood that NetEase Joint Innovation The CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition hosted by the center has been successfully held for two times. It is currently one of the largest, most mature and influential industry competitions in China. It is also an annual science and technology competition in China's science and technology field. This competition has a wide range of participation areas. It involves four major categories: cutting-edge technology, consumption upgrading, corporate services, and culture and entertainment. The 2019 CITC·Entrepreneurship Competition has set up six competition areas, including the Northeast Division, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Division, Yangtze River Delta Division, Strait Division, Northwest Division, and Southwest Division, covering Changchun, Shijiazhuang, Hangzhou, Huangshan, Jiaxing, Hefei, Yichun, Suzhou, Hainan, Nanning, Lanzhou, Chongqing and other cities.

July 3, 2019CITC Entrepreneurship Competition Northwest Division (Lanzhou) Registration has been opened at the cooperation press conference. The northwest competition area will be centered on Lanzhou and is expected to radiate to Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Xi'an, Dingxi, Tianshui, Wuwei, Jiayuguan and other provinces and cities.

Xu Dan It is said that in terms of award setting, NetEase will subsidize a total of 27 million Internet empowerment resources for entrepreneurial teams participating in the competition. At the same time, entrepreneurial teams that enter the national finals will also receive recommendations from NetEase’s investment department and key recommendations from 100 cooperative venture capital, and special promotions Media interviews and reports, one-on-one coaching with senior entrepreneurial mentors and other resource benefits.

The rewards in the Northwest Division (Lanzhou) are also quite generous. In addition to the Internet provided by NetEaseIn addition to technological empowerment resources, they will also have the opportunity to directly connect with 5 investors, as well as a domestic study trip worth 5,000 yuan. At the same time, the team of Lanzhou technologically advanced service enterprises will also receive a reward of 300,000 yuan from the government. subsidy.

NetEase’s industrial intelligence platform “Blast” is released to provide insights into future industrial trends

Under the general trend of vigorously promoting industrial innovation across the country, Lanzhou, as a city with an industrial manufacturing foundation, has its own industrial transformation The appeal is very strong. The NetEase "Blast" industrial intelligence platform released by NetEase at the conference is an industrial Internet solution based on NetEase Cloud, NetEase Big Data, NetEase Artificial Intelligence, NetEase Internet of Things and other technologies.

Guo Lihang, chief solution expert of NetEase Hangzhou Research Institute, said that the industrial Internet is the core carrier of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. The core issues that companies urgently need to solve on the manufacturing side are to embed lean thinking and gain insight into management black holes. Achieve collaborative manufacturing. He believes that only the smile curve model can truly realize intelligent manufacturing. The smile curve model, first, at the design level, performs big data design based on users and user attributes, and the standards for product demand definition and personalized customization come from big data; second, intelligent manufacturing, which is different from traditional methods. Intelligent manufacturing allows enterprises to Everyone has the ability to gain insight into the entire factory; third, the sales side that entrepreneurs are most concerned about, the value of the Internet is reflected in its precise positioning and marketing, coupled with raw material logistics and finished product logistics, opening up a closed loop. NetEase Yanxuan is one of the first smart manufacturing e-commerce companies to implement the smile curve. The "Blast" industrial intelligence platform will empower NetEase's superior technology and experience through the industrial platform standardization model to equipment manufacturing, environmental engineering, new energy, and supply chains. and other industries, helping companies solve management black holes, integrate lean production concepts, realize collaborative manufacturing, reduce corporate operation and maintenance costs, increase production capacity, and help optimize corporate quality management.

Next, NetEase’s “Blast” industrial intelligence platform will use the NetEase Joint Innovation Center as a carrier to promote the intelligent and Internet-based transformation of industrial manufacturing companies in various regions. At present, NetEase Joint Innovation Center has been established in 15 provinces and cities across the country. In the future, NetEase Joint Innovation Center will accelerate the empowerment of more NetEase advantageous resources across the country. Through NetEase Cloud technical capabilities, NetEase's multi-field innovation genes, and more Comprehensive industrial Internet, smart education, smart tourism, smart city and other industry solutions create a sustainable win-win model for regional governments, local industries, NetEase and other parties.

5. What are the application examples of blockchain in the tourism industry

1. Consumption points management
Leou online cultural tourism platform is the world’s first covering food and accommodation It is a blockchain tourism platform in six major tourism fields, including travel, travel, shopping, and entertainment. It transforms the company's original points system to a certain extent and converts it into a new one independently issued by the company with blockchain as the underlying technology. Points enable free trading and redemption of points, maximize the use of points services and functions, and help service providersAchieve customer diversion and help tourism consumers gain greater benefits.
2. Air tickets and hotel bookings: Russia’s Siberian Airlines (S7) and Alfa-Bank have partnered to sell air tickets on the blockchain. One of the main advantages of using this technology is to speed up the payment process.
3. Loyalty programs for hotels and airlines
Loyyal is a universal loyalty rewards platform based on blockchain and smart contract technology, which was presented at the 2016 industry theme conference held at Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai Use blockchain technology to enable tourists to better obtain consumer loyalty points to promote the development of the tourism industry. In addition, Singapore Airlines (SIA) also announced in 2018 that it would launch a blockchain-based customer loyalty KrisFlyer program for flyers.
4. Track pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications

France’s Airbus, a participant in the Hyperledger Blockchain Alliance, is also exploring the possibility of blockchain applications. The test project is to use zone Blockchain tracks pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications, among other things.
5. Credit consumption management
On the Airbnb platform, reputation is extremely important. Users whose credit reaches a certain level can rent specific types of houses. Airbnb uses blockchain technology to better establish a reputation platform for merchants and travelers, and to effectively store identity information.
6. Digital Identity Authentication
Joanne Zen, the founder of Backpack Chain in New Zealand, is leading the team to create the BTA system, using underlying blockchain technology combined with Internet applications to create personal electronic digital identity authentication. When a user registers on the Backpack Chain APP, in addition to the regular registration process, the user's passport also needs to be scanned and facial recognition information uploaded, thus generating unique mobile personal ID information in the world. Each ID information owner will have a key, which is known only to the information owner.
7. Verify house information
Airbnb provides more than 2 million house information in 191 countries and has received 60 million customers. The P2P hotel website has achieved certain success in optimizing the one-stop process of hotel rental. It is also exploring the verification of house information, establishing a text message communication system to allow customers to communicate with landlords, and improving the payment experience.
8. Electronic identity management
In Estonia, blockchain technology has been used to develop electronic identity projects. It is reported that the country allows non-Estonian residents to apply to become e-citizens, similar to a permanent residence permit or identity card, which enables these residents to enjoy a range of services provided by the country. Currently, Estonia uses this program to encourage talented people from all over the world to start businesses in the country. Such plans would provide a significant boost to tourism in some destinations. For more information, please follow bitmom

6. The application of blockchain technology in the hotel industryWhat are the application benefits?

The application prospects of blockchain in the field of public services. Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields, but the current centralized nature of these fields is also It has brought about some problems that can be transformed using blockchain. For example, the Odessa regional government in Ukraine has experimented with establishing an online auction website based on blockchain technology, using this platform to sell and lease state-owned assets in a more transparent manner, avoiding previous corruption and fraud. The Spanish city government of Lugo used blockchain to establish an open and fair voting system. The Estonian government cooperates with Bitnation to carry out government administration on the blockchain and provide residents with notarization services such as marriage certificates, birth certificates, and business contracts through the blockchain.
The European Energy Agency uses blockchain to allow citizens to play a greater role in the energy retail market. The smart energy retail market (Micro-Generation Energy Market) allows consumers to allow excess electricity to be sold in the market. Swap and sell and significantly reduce your energy bill.

7. () is the earliest application of blockchain and the most successful large-scale application.

() is the earliest application of blockchain and the most successful large-scale application. D.Drscoin

A.Bitcoin

B.DRscoin

C. Ethereum

D. Alliance Chain

The correct answer is Jingxiang: Bitcoin

8. Can blockchain change 10 cases of existing business

This article introduces blockchain The current 10 main usage scenarios:

(1) Tracking products in the global supply chain;

This is a typical usage scenario of blockchain technology in security traceability, which can promote information tracking, query, and verification of commodity circulation. and anti-counterfeiting, which can significantly improve the efficiency of some links. However, the role of the blockchain can only be reflected in the chain, but it cannot cover the parts operated by people below the chain.

(2) Guarantee 3D printing quality and tracking;

(3) Create personalized and lifelong “one-stop” medical records;

Blockchain healthcare can track anyone’s complete medical history, such as medications , illnesses, injuries, and transactions across health systems, physicians, pharmacies, and health plans, and empowering patients to control their own data. Blockchain can also transfer insurance payments: smart contracts can automatically trigger insurance provisions when a clinic confirms a patient has received treatment, and prevent fraudulent or inaccurate claims. Some startups, such as the UK's Medicalchain, blockchain company Gem, MIT and other companies and universities are experimenting with this use.

(4) Simplify trade logistics;

Traditional trade involves complex import and export procedures that require all participants in the entire chain toA large number of paper documents are exchanged, resulting in high communication costs. Blockchain can optimize this system. Maersk and IBM have created a platform that integrates services such as liner, warehouse, freight forwarding, ports, customs, exporters, importers and trade finance banks into the trade ecosystem, on a data exchange platform running on the blockchain interoperate.

(5) Facilitate and secure customs trade;

Blockchain has been tested in many customs departments, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the 15-nation East African Group. In 2017, U.S. Customs developed 14 use cases for blockchain, which are currently being tested and evaluated. Blockchain will be particularly useful for the UK: when the UK leaves the EU customs union, its number of customs declarations will increase from 55 million to over 250 million (non-EU trade plus EU trade, which previously did not require customs documents), which is currently the case with UK software The program cannot fully handle it. Blockchain can help: It can trace the origins of products and help determine the origin and appropriate tariffs for goods, such as those destined to join the European Union’s tariff package. For the UK’s 28 border agencies, imported products such as food, safety and intellectual property compliance need to be analyzed, and blockchain projects can be shared securely and transparently in real time.

(6) Prevent voting fraud and protect voter identities;

Blockchain security and identity protection features can reduce fraud and encourage voters to believe their votes are anonymous,

increase turnout and make elections more immediate . Using the technology, voters can scan their thumbs with their smartphones and cast their ballots during their Election Day commute. If everyone votes via the blockchain, no one can vote twice. Voting records are inviolable, and the ID of each ballot is recorded instantly at every polling location.

(7) Launch crop insurance for farmers;

Crop insurance customized to specific farmer needs is often very expensive, and blockchain technology can reduce costs by determining trigger conditions and automating execution. For example, farmers can insure against extreme weather. If extreme weather affects a harvest, a blockchain-based insurance contract would immediately recognize this and pay the farmer’s claim.

Establishing a network of energy producers and users;

Decades ago, some companies introduced smart grids to provide intermediary services for energy producers and demanders. Now, blockchain can optimize smart grids and provide energy producers and consumers with a regional intermediary energy trading platform. TenneT and Brooklyn-based startup LO3 Energy are both trying this business.

(9) Create smart cities that can operate independently;

Blockchain can now amplify the impact of Douyou IoT on city operations. For example, Dubai has a pilot project to implement blockchain in city services. Dubai plans to use blockchain for more than 100 million annual government documents by 2020, including all visa applications, bill payments and license renewals.

(10) Automatically pay the exporter when the goods arrive at the foreign buyer;

Blockchain allows both parties to the transaction to access relevant informationDifferent data and real-time digital files have changed the existing information asymmetry problem in international trade. There is no need to store multiple copies of the same document across different databases for different entities. When goods arrive marked by sensors connected to the smart contract, a transfer of money from the buyer to the seller is automatically triggered.

2. Ten major problems currently faced by the blockchain industry and their analysis

2.1. Is the data on the blockchain really immutable?

Can one of the core features of blockchain, "anti-tampering", really be realized? And is "tamper-proof" really beneficial?

The report pointed out that the blockchain is not completely immutable, and gave three weaknesses of the blockchain:

(2) It may be hacked, and 51% of the chain is controlled by people who want to tamper with the results.

(3) The "garbage of garbage" problem has existed for centuries. The value of a blockchain depends on the data on the chain, and data entered into the blockchain may be inaccurate or fraudulent. One solution is to use sensors instead of manually entering data.

The so-called "51% attack" is to take advantage of computing power to cancel payment transactions that have already occurred. If someone masters more than 50% of the computing power, he can find the random numbers needed to mine the block faster than others, so he actually has the absolute and effective right to decide which block. From a technical level, a 51% attack is achievable, but the cost is very high for the earliest cryptocurrencies such as BTC. They have built a huge network, which is why BTC’s network has remained stable for 10 years. reason. But with other counterfeit currencies, the risk is greater.

In addition, there is no direct benefit for the attacker to simply launch a 51% attack, and it must be linked to specific short selling and false recharge. Specifically, it is often a double spend on a certain transaction. The attacker stops attacking once. Continuous attacks are costly and will stop once successful; second, the community can issue an emergency pudding and add checkpoints to the blockchain. The community urgently agreed that the attacker’s blockchain was invalid. Therefore, there are many ways to deal with the 51% attack, and it will not be the end of the world for a blockchain.

2.2. Who owns and maintains the blockchain? And who asked about the appearance?

Responsible for problems and losses?

Since the blockchain is a decentralized user community, who will maintain it? Shouldn’t it require human adjustment and maintenance just like a website?

For permissioned chains, such as alliance chains and private chains, there is no need for incentives such as tokens to motivate people to manage, there is a manager who manages the entire network. Since there are fewer users in the network, coordination costs are relatively low. However, such networks are susceptible to security challenges, and as the number of network users increases, coordination costs will increase.

For consortium chains and private chains, since they are still very centralized organizations, the verification nodes are identified by the organization itself, so the management model is not very different from traditional centralized institutions. However, for public chains, there is no leader who coordinates the entire network system, and only relies on token incentives to coordinate different interest groups, which undoubtedly increases the inconsistency of the entire ecosystem.stability. At present, the development of the blockchain industry is in a very early stage. In addition to the relatively mature decentralized governance of BTC, in the governance of public chains such as ETH and EOS, the founder development team plays a very core role and is the "rules" of the public chain. "Maker", although the entire ecosystem has achieved partial decentralization, the founders still play a pivotal role in the direction of strategic development. Therefore, the author believes that the decentralization of blockchain can only be an ultimate goal that is constantly approaching. From the birth of the project to its maturity, its degree of decentralization should continue to increase, as shown in the figure below. In the early stages of project development, the founder and his development team play an absolute guiding role in the entire ecosystem. As the project ecosystem matures and the number of participants continues to increase, the original development team should gradually weaken its guiding role. The entire network maintenance needs to be decided jointly by all developers and users in the ecosystem. As for the final network problems, they can only be borne by all participants.

Figure: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the degree of centralization and development stages of blockchain projects

2.3. Are smart contracts really smart?

The second reason why smart contracts are not yet that smart is that their entries can be manipulated by evil actors, such as contracting parties or miners who add transaction records to the blockchain's ledger of past transactions. One study showed that 3.4% of ETH smart contracts are vulnerable to hackers.

Smart contracts can indeed optimize many intermediate programs, but judging from current industry practice, they are far from being called smart. A qualified smart contract should include all possible scenarios. Because the core essence of smart contracts is "to make the most just ruling even in the darkest environment."

The difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is that Ethereum is Turing complete, and more types of contracts with more complex terms can be implemented through this platform. Of course, the cost of this is that the complex contract content makes it becomes more difficult to analyze. Typically, complexity is directly proportional to the probability of a vulnerability; the higher the complexity, the greater the probability of a vulnerability.

Regarding the concept "code is law" proposed by Ethereum, however, the code has attracted hacker attacks due to its own vulnerabilities, so it is not enough to form the authority of "law". Therefore, it needs the trust and endorsement of the government, lawyers, courts and other intermediary institutions. Compared with coordination, the current contract seems too rough.

2.4. Is there identity theft on the blockchain?

3% of social media accounts are fake, so can fake accounts be created on the blockchain? Can identities on the blockchain be stolen?

Blockchain can create a personal database for users whose data cannot be tampered with, but how to meet the user's "tampering" needs? This may be a paradox in the development of blockchain technology. Regarding user needs, we may need to start from the perspective of on-chain standards and authority management.

2.5． Can blockchains be connected to each other?

One blockchain records the data of an entity or user in one way, while another blockchain records the same data of the same entity or user in another way. a fragmentedIn a fragmented system, multiple account books are not connected to each other, which will form a world of "operational islands", or "data islands". Users need to register for multiple systems at the same time to conduct transactions with different people for different purposes.

In view of the value transfer needs of different chains, cross-chain technology is the key, which can effectively connect different alliance chains or private chains, and promote the outward expansion and connection of blockchains. The current mainstream cross-chain technologies include Notary schemes, Sidechains/relays, Hash-locking, Distributed private key control, etc.

2.6. How does the blockchain connect to off-chain databases?

If one party's data and documents are off-chain, and the other party's data and documents are on-chain, can the two parties interact? In the company's database, can half of the company's data on the blockchain interact with the other half of the data?

These challenges are well known and are being addressed. For example, the same queries and analysis can be run in on-chain and off-chain databases. The risk is that data brought from on-chain to off-chain is no longer immutable, and researchers recognize that data security and aggregating, transforming and optimizing on-chain and off-chain data sets are significant challenges.

2.7. Can blockchain facilitate money laundering?

Money laundering is a huge global problem, amounting to 1-2 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 2% - 5% of the total global GDP. Banks and authorities are fighting back, spending about $8 billion a year to combat corruption. Banks around the world require KYC verification.

Due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain, especially the emergence of anonymous coins, BTC has been criticized by many people as a tool for money laundering. However, the anonymity of BTC is only anonymity on the chain. The interaction between people and the chain, and the interaction between BTC and legal currency will leave traces, and it is not as "lawless" as many media have promoted. Each BTC transaction requires the transfer of a corresponding address, and the transaction records of the address can be queried. In addition, the exchange of BTC and legal currency is conducted off-chain and cannot escape supervision. If the actual identity of any party in the transaction is exposed, it will be difficult for all participants in the transaction to escape recourse.

2.8. Will the blockchain consume all the energy in the world?

BTC has an amazing energy demand. Operating Bitcoin for one year requires the energy consumption of Ireland for one year. Because BTC’s POW consensus mechanism requires miners to mine for transaction verification. There are concerns that as the network increases and the value of BTC rises, energy demand will grow rapidly. In fact, miners themselves have incentives to prevent this from happening, and the scalability of the blockchain is limited by availability, energy costs, and the miners' own financial resources. The current alternative is the POS consensus mechanism. The POS mechanism selects validators based on the number of currency holders.

In fact, we can see that in addition to the early batch of cryptocurrencies headed by BTCAt present, most blockchain projects have taken into account the disadvantages of POW and are constantly innovating consensus mechanisms to avoid excessive consumption of energy. Therefore, blockchain is not enough to cause such a huge consumption of energy.

2.9. Will blockchain take our jobs?

Regarding blockchain, if people can trade directly with each other, what impact will blockchain have on intermediaries such as banks and lawyers? Blockchain is unlikely to be a job killer; it will, like any technology, change the nature of work by changing companies’ business and revenue models.

When artificial intelligence becomes popular, people will continue to ask questions like this. On the one hand, we enjoy the convenience that technology brings us, but on the other hand, we are worried that technology will replace us. The biggest challenge of blockchain is not the technology itself, but changing the traditional profit distribution model. Blockchain technology can remove certain intermediary links, break the monopoly of many resources by centralized institutions, and thus change the interest pattern. This is also the most revolutionary point of blockchain.

2.10. Is the United States lagging behind in the development of the blockchain industry?

Globally, the blockchain industry in the United States is still in its infancy. Deloitte surveyed 1,053 executives in financial services, healthcare, technology industries, telecommunications, manufacturing and other industries in 2018. According to the survey, only 14% of American respondents believe that blockchain is used in their production, compared with 49% in China, 48% in Mexico, 40% in the United Kingdom, and 36% in Canada. Plans are also lagging: 41% of U.S. companies plan to invest $1 million or more in blockchain, compared with 85% in China, 74% in Canada, 72% in the United Kingdom, and 65% in Mexico.

According to the "Blockchain China-U.S. Development White Paper" released by Silicon Valley Insight, North America is comparable to Asia in terms of the number of ICOs. In terms of financing amount, North America is far ahead with 7.85 billion. Therefore, the United States, as a major country in North America, is not lagging behind at all. On the contrary, it is still leading in many aspects.

《Harnessing Blockchain for American Business and Prosperity》

http://forex.hexun.com/2018-06-17/193222543.html

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Introduction to Tianjige: Tianjige (LD Research) was established on July 2, 2018. It is a company dedicated to exploring the unknown of science and technology, taking human development as the driving force, and taking "BASE Research for Solving Real" Problems" as the purpose of the research institute.

This article originates from Babbitt

Related questions and answers: What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

The uses of blockchain technology in the business fieldWhat are its uses?

In recent years, due to the popularity of virtual digital currencies, blockchain, its underlying technology, has also begun to receive widespread attention. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, collective maintenance, and reliable storage. It is currently widely used in the field of virtual currency.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared in the world, and a huge industrial chain ecosystem has been formed around the generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far away from the real value use area. The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational forms, so it is necessary to obtain practical examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models used by blockchain in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can achieve point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot achieve point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The use of blockchain

There are currently two main modes of blockchain use:

1) Native blockchain use: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology to realize value Transmission and transaction use, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain +" model: combine traditional scenarios with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the use of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become the business model used by blockchain in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for small retail amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially in recent years, with the rise of cross-border e-commerce, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.beg.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees, and increases transaction transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other features into supply chain finance, and does not require third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate various relevant credentials in the supply chain. authenticity, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-term problems of “false bills” and “selling more than one ticket”, which have brought risks to the bill financing business of the banking industry.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the double-spend problem and avoids "one vote". Sell ​​more". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industrial Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset Securitization

Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization. It can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of the underlying issues of institutions in the transaction chain. Asset trust issues. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance, Baiqian Leasing, Huaneng Trust, etc.Partners including the Bank jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance Business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: it is difficult for users to choose insurance products that suit them, while insurance institutions Face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject information is managed uniformly on the blockchain , cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and a lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, there are also problems in how to guarantee the data collection process. User privacy issues.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit data sharing can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting user privacy. And verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate storage.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great use value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realize Point-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry uses to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new usage scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.

It is expected that the use of blockchain will first start in the pan-financial field that has high requirements for credit, efficiency, and security: the financial industry pays more attention to efficiency and security, and blockchain has a high degree of matching with its pain points, and can be used for Systematically solve trust issues, efficiency issues, default risks, etc. that exist in all aspects of financial services; blockchain’s attributes such as “transaction, certificate storage, and traceability” are more likely to generate value in the financial industry. At the same time, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and small progress can bring huge benefits.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data Applications such as services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

9.Is Bitcoin an application of blockchain?

Yes, Bitcoin is just a digital currency implemented using the underlying technology of blockchain, and blockchain technology is not only used for digital currencies.
At present, blockchain has extended to finance, logistics, Internet, digital assets and other fields. It will become a new outlet for the new generation of information technology after cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet, and has the ability to trigger a new round of technology. Innovation and industrial change.