区块链基本要素包括哪些,区块链基本要素包括
区块链基本要素包括：分布式账本、共识机制、智能合约。以下是关于这三个关键词的介绍：
分布式账本：分布式账本（Distributed Ledger），是一种可以记录多个参与方之间交易的数据库，它以分布式的形式存储，并且可以被多个参与者共同维护。分布式账本的优点是，它可以记录多个参与方之间的交易，而且每个参与方都可以查看其他参与方的交易，这使得参与方之间的交易变得更加透明，也更加安全。
共识机制：共识机制（Consensus Mechanism），是一种用于确保分布式账本的数据完整性和一致性的机制。它的工作原理是，当有新的交易发生时，所有参与者都会对这笔交易进行验证，如果验证通过，则将其记录在账本中，以确保账本的数据完整性和一致性。
智能合约：智能合约（Smart Contract），是指在区块链上运行的一种特殊类型的自动执行程序，它可以自动执行用户之间的交易，而无需任何人工干预。它允许参与者在发生交易时，可以指定一些条件，如果这些条件被满足，则智能合约会自动执行交易，而不需要任何人工介入，这样可以使得交易更加安全、高效。
以上就是关于区块链基本要素的介绍，包括分布式账本、共识机制和智能合约。这三个要素的出现，使得区块链技术得以发展，并且在金融、法律等领域得到了广泛的应用。
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A. Components of Blockchain
The components of Blockchain are as follows:
Openness: Area The system data of the blockchain is open and transparent, and everyone can participate. For example, when renting a house, you can know the previous rental information of the house and whether there have been any problems. Of course, some personal private information is encrypted.
Autonomy: The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms), and then each node operates according to this specification, so that everything is completed by machines , there is no human element. This changes trust in people to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
The information cannot be tampered with: If the information is stored in the blockchain, it will be saved permanently and there is no way to change it. As for the 51% attack, it is basically impossible to achieve.
Anonymity: There is no personal information on the blockchain, because it is all encrypted and is a string of letters and numbers, so your various ID card information and phone number will not appear. Numbers are being resold.
B. The basic elements of blockchain include
1-Contains a distributed database
2-The distributed database is the physical carrier of the blockchain , the blockchain is the logical carrier of transactions, and all core nodes should contain a full copy of the blockchain data
3-The blockchain serializes blocks by time, and the blockchain is The only subject of transaction data in the entire network
4-Blockchain is only valid for additions and is invalid for other operations
5-Public and private key verification based on asymmetric encryption
6-Accounting nodes require that the Byzantine Generals Problem can be solved/avoided
7-The consensus process (consensus progress) is evolutionarily stable, that is, in the face of a certain amount of conflicting data from different nodes Will not crash.
8-The consensus process can solve the double-spending problem.
Five characteristics of blockchain:
Decentralization
Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and interests of any node The obligations are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.
Thanks to the decentralization characteristics of the blockchain, Bitcoin also has decentralization characteristics [6].
Openness
The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and information through the public interface. Develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
Autonomy
Blockchain adopts consensus-based norms and protocols (such as a set of publicOpen and transparent algorithm) enables all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, changing trust in "people" to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
Information cannot be tampered
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node will not be allowed. is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.
Anonymity
Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction is trustless (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to disclose it through the The identity method allows the other party to trust themselves, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.
C. Comic popular science about blockchain, you need to know the basic concepts
No matter what industry you are in, you must have seen information about the district in your circle of friends in the past two days Various news about blockchain. So, what exactly is such a popular blockchain?
1. What exactly is blockchain?
A cartoon will let you understand in seconds
Blockchain technology refers to a kind of public participation in recording method of accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, each is keeping its own account.
Since there is no centralized intermediary agency, letting everything run automatically through preset programs can not only greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency. And since everyone has the same ledger, it can ensure that the ledger recording process is open and transparent.
Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been running very stably for many years without any problems, so some people have noticed its underlying technology. , extract the abstraction of Bitcoin technology and call it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.
According to a report released by Santander, Spain's largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.
Cloud computing is usually defined as providing dynamic, easily scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet, but it is often a centralized organization that provides a cloud computing platform. The network composed of blockchain generally does not have a specific organization, so blockchain is closer to the definition of a distributed computing system and is a type of distributed computing.
Q Coin is a centralized electronic currency, including the total amount and issuance method, which are controlled by Tencent. The total amount and issuance method of Bitcoin are pre-set by programs and encryption algorithms, and run on multiple nodes around the world. No one or institution can modify them, and they are not controlled by any single person or institution. Q coins are generally called electronic currencies or corporate tokens. Calling Bitcoin a digital currencycurrency or encrypted digital currency.
2. What are the characteristics of blockchain? What can it be used for?
In summary, blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a database ledger that records all transaction records. Its essence It is a decentralized database. This technology has gradually attracted the attention of the banking and financial industries because of its safety and convenience.
Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, no need for central trust, non-tampering, and encryption security. It is entering the vision of government decision-making, financial institutions, and large enterprises, and is used in digital currency, payment settlement, credit financing, and finance. trade.
What can blockchain be used for? From the current point of view, the most obvious application of blockchain is Bitcoin. Blockchain first gained attention thanks to Bitcoin.
Qian Lufeng, chief analyst of the computer industry at Sinolink Securities, said that the most typical application scenarios of blockchain currently include three categories:
The first is currency applications, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.;
The second is The traditional financial field, such as the blockchain technology alliance R3, Hyperledger, etc., brings together institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Ping An, HSBC, and IBM, and is committed to cross-border payment, financial bill management and other application scenarios in the financial field;
Three Right and Wrong The fields of Yuanzhou Finance include energy, luxury goods, telecommunications, Internet and other fields.
Listed companies in the A-share computer sector have actively deployed blockchain in aspects such as equity investment, technology research and development, and project cooperation. However, because it takes a certain amount of time to incubate a new team and new projects/products/services, many listed companies are still in the early trial and error stage in terms of blockchain technology research and development and scenario-based applications.
As for the application of blockchain in the financial and non-financial fields, Industrial Securities stated that many traditional financial institutions, including banks and exchanges, currently attach great importance to technologies such as distributed ledgers of blockchain. And began to explore its practical applications in cross-border payments, bill transactions, securities issuance, etc. Some industry leaders have already entered the concept verification and project implementation stages.
With the improvement and innovation of underlying algorithms such as consensus mechanisms, Internet companies and non-financial companies have also begun to explore the possibility of applying blockchain in non-financial fields such as supply chain management, copyright transfer, and case management.
D. What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?
What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology? What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a chain of associated items generated using cryptographic methodsEach data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. A characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Taking insurance as an example, if we sayEveryone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and credible, so it is easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data
What is the core component of blockchain technology? Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, through the support of network technology, breakthroughs in difficult problems such as point-to-point transactions, decentralization, non-tampering of recorded information, irreversible transactions, and information encryption are achieved through network technology support.
The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous expansion of applications. This powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has caused rapid changes in blockchain technology, allowing various industries to achieve great results. The results are attracting more and more attention, and professional technologies and resources are constantly concentrated in this industry, thus bringing the development of blockchain technology into a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that blockchain can be regarded as a technical solution for collectively maintaining reliable databases through "decentralization" and "trustlessness". In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China. It has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform, can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
All parties involved in the procurement of blockchain technology for recording and storing informationThe decentralized distributed structure saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has an untamperable timestamp, which can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect financial infrastructure such as payment systems, securities settlement systems, and transaction databases; later, the technology will also expand to general financial services, such as credit systems and "anti-money laundering" "wait.
"The payment and clearing system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization. The electronic ledger supported by blockchain technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with. It has various functions for payment, clearing, transaction, confirmation of rights, etc. A profound impact," Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of all things deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules. Build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will affect many industries
"Blockchain technology has been widely used in the era of big data." Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet financial field, blockchain technology has been used in many industries. It has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, the healthcare industry has benefited greatly from blockchain technology. In reality, patient private information leaks often occur, and centralized database or file cabinet management in medical departments is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology also has important legal implications. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
"Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, this technology can be used to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that any lack ofIn the areas of trustful production and life, blockchain technology will be useful. ”
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This driving force has an impact on society and the promotion of economic activities. It is also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, looking forward to this new technology being used by various industries and better benefiting various industries.
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information in the ledger to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending it to every other node in the entire network, so Blockchain technology is also called distributed ledger.
What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes blockchain The core technologies of the technology are as follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.
The core of blockchain is that it Store all information in independent personal computer networks, making it a decentralized, distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or individual, but Everyone can use and run the system.
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What is blockchain technology?Blockchain has been hyped up, but you are obsessed with it. I don’t know!
Blockchain is a distributed database system that is participated by different nodes. It is an open ledger system (ledger).
It is composed of a string of It consists of data blocks or data packets generated by cryptography methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically timestamped, thereby calculating a data encryption value, that is, a hash value. < /p>
Blockchain technology bookIt is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized account book in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.
E. What is the core content of the blockchain
The core content of the blockchain is the contract layer
1. Decentralization
This is the block The subversive feature of the chain is that there is no central institution or central server, and all transactions occur in the client application installed on everyone's computer or mobile phone.
Achieve point-to-point direct interaction, which not only saves resources, makes transactions autonomous and simplified, but also eliminates the risk of being controlled by centralized agents.
2. Openness
Blockchain can be understood as a public accounting technology solution. The system is completely open and transparent.
The account books are open to everyone, enabling data sharing and anyone can check the accounts. .
Blockchain is a transparent and shared general ledger. This ledger is open to the entire network. Once you get its public key, you will know how much money is in the ledger. Therefore, any value conversion is completely Interested people in the world can watch you, and the conversion is confirmed by the miners, so it is an Internet consensus mechanism.
3. Irreversibility, non-tampering and encryption security
The blockchain adopts a one-way hash algorithm, and each newly generated block is strictly advanced in linear order according to time. The irreversibility and irrevocability of time will lead to any Attempts to intrude and tamper with data information in the blockchain can easily be traced, leading to rejection by other nodes. The cost of counterfeiting is extremely high, which can limit related illegal activities.
(5) Extended reading on the basic elements of blockchain:
1. Concept definition
What is blockchain? From a technological perspective, blockchain involves many scientific and technical issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From an application perspective, simply put, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, full traceability, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency. These characteristics ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the ability of blockchain to solve the problem of information asymmetry and achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple subjects [7].
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.
Two, features
Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.
Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.
Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.
Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously
F. What are the basic characteristics of the blockchain
Answer: Basic characteristics of blockchain
1. Decentralization.
Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, through distributed accounting and storage, each node realizes self-verification and transmission of information. and management.
2. Openness.
The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data through the public interface. and develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
3. Independence.
Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and securely operate within the system. Verification and exchange of data do not require any human intervention.
4. Security.
As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot arbitrarily manipulate and modify network data. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.
5. Anonymity.
Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously.
G. What are some important elements of blockchain technology
1. The so-called blockchain technology, referred to as BT (Blockchain technology), is also called distributed ledger technology , is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
2. Blockchain is an innovative application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm in the Internet era. In recent years, areasThe development and application of blockchain are of great significance to technological innovation and industrial revolution. This experience introduces relevant knowledge of blockchain technology.
3. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that can contain financial and/or non-financial transactions, replicated (distributed) across multiple systems in near real-time through a peer-to-peer network, and each participant "owns" the same Having a copy of the ledger and getting updates as any transactions are added, each participant helps determine the inherent "immutability" of all existing records, using cryptography and digital signatures to prove identity, authenticity and enforce read/ With write access, there are mechanisms that make it difficult to change the history and can easily detect someone trying to change it.
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