区块链中gas是什么意思啊,区块链中的哈希值是什么意思

最近，区块链技术正在越来越受到瞩目，而其中的gas和哈希值也是许多人讨论的热点。那么，gas和哈希值到底是什么意思呢？今天，小编就为大家解释一下。

首先，gas是指比特币网络中的一种费用。它是一种用于计算比特币网络中交易的费用，用于激励矿工挖矿，激励矿工确认交易，并确保比特币网络的安全性。它也可以用来支付智能合约的执行费用，以确保智能合约正常运行。

其次，哈希值是指一种数字摘要算法，它可以将任意长度的数据转换为固定长度的哈希值，用于标识该数据，并验证数据的完整性。在区块链中，哈希值可以用来验证区块的完整性，确保区块数据不被篡改，从而保护区块链的安全性。

最后，智能合约是指一种可以自动执行的计算机协议，它可以在区块链网络中执行，用于实现分布式自治系统，实现资产的自动交易和管理。智能合约可以替代传统的中心化的控制机制，提高了交易的安全性和可信度，并使交易更加透明和可追溯。

总之，gas是比特币网络中的一种费用，哈希值是一种数字摘要算法，用于标识数据和验证数据完整性，而智能合约则是一种可以自动执行的计算机协议，用于实现资产的自动交易和管理。这些技术都是区块链技术的重要组成部分，对保护区块链网络的安全性起着重要作用。

请查看相关英文文档

㈠ How to study Token in the encryption world

The purpose of writing this article is to provide you with an introductory perspective of Token-based research and judgment. Making decisions must be based on more information and knowledge, which can reduce risks to a certain extent.

Let’s look at a set of data first: As of 2022, there are approximately 6,000 cryptocurrencies (or more) on the market. This is certainly a big opportunity for investors. However, in 2021, investors encountered fraud in the Crypto project and lost US$12 billion. Therefore, Token economics is a very important perspective on how to look inside and see the most essential things.

This article provides an introductory thinking framework for the study of Token economics.

Token economics is a science that studies Token design, distribution, and supply and demand models. Token economics is mainly a discipline that studies Token, including the design of Token’s economic model and the role of Token among business stakeholders. distribution, the conditions under which a token begins trading, and how transactions evolve over time.

Token economics in a broad sense also includes design, token engineering, etc., which are beyond the scope of this article.

How to study Tokens in the encryption world?

Background

First of all, we need to clarify: What is the difference between Token and Coin in the encryption world (English)?

Although the terms Token and Coin are often used synonymously, it should be noted that the term Coin usually refers to the cryptocurrency that runs on the Layer 1 public chain. The term "token" has different meanings in different scenarios. It sometimes refers to a cryptographic asset created at the Layer 2 protocol layer, which means that it must comply with the rules of the L1 blockchain it is used in. For example, ERC20 Token, ERC721 NFT (Token) and more broadly, most crypto assets can also be called Tokens. Some functions of Token include voting rights, or as digital ownership of real-world assets. Token can sometimes be used as payment within the protocol.

The value of Token mainly depends on the overall performance of the project.

What is Tokenomics in the crypto world?

The term Token Economics mainly refers to the study of the economics of cryptocurrencies and Tokens. This type of research can allow investors to determine the quality and value of potential investments to a certain extent. Token economics is very important for the buying and selling decisions of crypto assets.important.

Study the Layers of Blockchain (Crypto Layers Explained)

First of all, we need to carefully study whether this blockchain belongs to Layer 1 or Layer 2. This is the basis.

What needs to be clarified first is: whether this Coin or Token runs on Layer 1 or Layer 2.

Layer 1 blockchain operates independently of other blockchains. Examples of Layer 1 Tokens are Ethereum’s ETH, Avalanche’s Avax, etc.

Layer 2 Solution is a third-party protocol built on the L1 public chain. For example, Maker Protocol is built on Ethereum. It is an L2 layer Protocol, so MKR and Dai are Layer 2 Tokens;

Note: The L1 public chain and the L2 protocol will affect each other. If the Layer 1 public chain provides a simple, efficient and Secure infrastructure will attract more L2 projects. In turn, if the L2 project does well, it will in turn have a positive impact on L1, thereby increasing the value of Layer 1 cryptocurrencies.

How to study the ecosystem of a chain

Since L1 and L2 are intertwined with each other, as well as various projects with different backgrounds, the interdependence of different encryption Tokens is as comprehensive as possible It is important to understand these relationships in detail.

If you want to explore the next blockchain ecosystem with huge future growth potential. This means that there needs to be a solid Layer 1 blockchain, which is the basis for the healthy operation of L2 applications.

Initial Blockchain vs Forked Chain (Original Chain vs Forked Chain)

It should also be considered whether the blockchain to be studied is the initial blockchain or the forked area. Blockchain

For example, Ethereum Classic is a fork of Ethereum. Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash are forks of the Bitcoin blockchain.

It is important to study what modifications have been made to the forked chain to understand how it is better or worse than the original chain. For example, Bitcoin Cash will never have more users than Bitcoin. However, BSC is a very successful fork of the Go Ethereum protocol, but their consensus mechanism is different.

Research on Token

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After studying the basic information of the relevant blockchain, you can start to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Token.

Utility vs Security (Securities) Token

The goals and uses of Token settings are crucial: for example, Token holders can use Tokens to pay transaction fees, making Holders can obtain related services, such as staking (PoS), or use for governance (voting).

A Token with practical value usually has a specific use case. For example: some Tokens allow users who hold them to obtain products or services on the blockchain, and other Tokens allow users to have voting rights.

Securities-type Tokens are somewhat similar to stocks: there are two types of Tokens:

Note: In the United States, companies that want to issue Security Tokens need to be regulated by the SEC. Blockchain projects that do not comply with these regulations risk being fined or shut down. Therefore, it is important to understand whether the Token you want to research or invest in is a target-use Token or a Security Token.

Generally speaking, according to the Howey test, if a Token cannot be characterized as a SecurityToken, then it is a Utility Token;

What is the Howey test?

The Howey test refers to a standard for determining whether a specific transaction constitutes an issuance of securities. This test stems primarily from a 1946 U.S. Supreme Court decision, which used a specific standard to determine whether a particular transaction constituted an offering of securities. If this transaction is deemed a security, it will be subject to the provisions of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Many ICOs currently on the market may be recognized as securities offerings and thus subject to relevant supervision.

Howey test standards:

In order to determine the possibility of a Token being a Security Token or a Utility Token, you can use the Crypto Rating Council Website (Cryptocurrency Rating Council) website Score, the higher the score, the more likely the Token is a Security Token;

Fungible vs Non-Fungible Tokens

Fungible Tokens are not unique. For example, one Ethereum you own is the same as one Ethereum in my wallet.

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) are unique and cannot be copied, such as personal academic records, artwork, music, etc. For example, each CryptoKitty is unique and represented by an NFT, or each piece of land in Decentraland could also be represented by an NFT.

On the Ethereum blockchain, ERC721 Token is non-fungible

while ERC20 Token is fungible.

Token supply side

When analyzing the supply of a Token, the following points need to be considered:

Total supply: the number of tokens created minus Token that has been "destroyed".

Total supply: the number of tokens created minus the tokens which have been “burned”.

Maximum supply: refers to the total amount of tokens that will always exist . For example, Bitcoin’s maximum supply is 21 million, while ETH has no maximum supply.

Maximum supply: refers to the total amount of a token that will ever exist. For example, the maximum supply of Bitcoin is 21 million, whereas Ether has no maximum supply.

Loop /Circulating supply: is important, because it influences the market capitalization of a token.

The following is how market cap is calculated:

Here is how marketcap is calculated:

Marketcap = number of coins/circulating supply of the token * current price per coin/token)

Marketcap = Number of Tokens/Token circulating supply * Current price of each Token

Compare the market cap with the diluted market cap. The diluted market cap is usually This can be found on tool-based websites like coinmarketcap.com and coinecko.com.

Diluted market value represents: the theoretical market value of a certain Token under the condition of maximum supply in circulation.

(The diluted marketcap indicates the theoretical marketcap if the maximum supply of a token is in circulation.)

To ensure accuracy, tools recording blockchain data should always be double-checked , to ensure that the data obtained is the latest.

Token’s market value: It is more indicative of the economic value of a Token than the price of a single Token. Note that some projects issue large amounts of Tokens at very cheap prices, such as $0.0001 per Token.

(Market capitalization of the token: a better indication of the token's economic value than an inpial token's price.)

They do this to make investors think that the Token price can be easily The ground rose 1,000 times. But the reality is that if the market value of the Token is already very large, the Token price may not be likely to rise very high.

Even though the prices of most cryptocurrencies are often manipulated by large players, it should be noted that the higher the market capitalization, the more difficult it is to manipulate prices.

Pre-minted means that the Token has been created before it is released. Note that this happens often in ICOs. Many Layey 2 Tokens, such as ERC20 Tokens, are Pre-mint so that contributors, early investors, and contributors can be rewarded.

So, why is it important to know whether a Token is pre-mined?

Because Pre-mint Tokens are often distributed internally before being purchased by the public. If a large number of Tokens are held by insiders at the time of issuance, Token prices can easily be manipulated.

Token Allocation and Distribution: We should always understand how Token is allocated and distributed. First, research this information from the project’s white paper and websites like icodrops.com. But remember to cross-check holders on a blockchain explorer, as sometimes the information in white papers or other websites may be out of date.

When studying the allocation and distribution of Token, other issues that need to be studied include:

How is the Vesting Schele of this Token arranged? Vesting Schele means that a certain number of Tokens will be locked for a period of time to prevent sudden large-scale Token selling and price collapse. If a large number of Tokens are locked, you should study their release schedule, because when more Tokens are released, it will affect the Token price and market capitalization. If a project unlocks a large number of Tokens at once, there will be a high probability that the price will drop sharply.

Is the Token model an inflationary model or a deflationary model?

Is the token model inflationary or deflationary?

This type of model will affect the token supply model: If a cryptocurrency does not have a maximum supply limit, then it is similar to inflation. model. Usually some projects use token destruction to control price inflation.

It should be remembered that just because some tokens will be burned thereby reducing the supply, it does not mean that the price of the token will definitely increase. The intrinsic value of a token mainly comes from the value it provides to users, not the supply.

㈡ What is the blockchain "token"?

Token is another translation besides the conventional translation of token "token". Why are there two What kind of translation? It's very simple, because the domestic chain circle has not yet reached a unified understanding of tokens.

Many people translate Token as "token", and Coin is also called "token". Even when it comes to blockchain, it is equated with Bitcoin. The myth of Bitcoin, coupled with the emergence of various air coins, MLM coins and tasteless coins, has made digital currencies muddy. This completely obscures the value of the “Token” behind the blockchain. In fact, 99% of those who are currently cheering for the blockchain do not understand the meaning of Token.

What exactly is a token? After checking the opinions of various prawns on the Internet about tokens, I think Mr. Yuandao’s explanation is the most thorough:

In the real worldVarious proofs of rights and interests in the world (equities, bonds, points, bills, etc.) can be tokenized and circulated in the digital world. "Just imagine, whether it is standard or non-standard goods or services, they can be digitized, tokenized, and uploaded to the blockchain for low-friction or even zero-cost transactions and cutting. What will the world look like? Human beings The assets and value will be fully activated." Mr. Yuandao said.

Who is Mr. Yuandao? His true identity is Chen Sheng, the founder and chairman of 21Vianet Data Center. As early as 2013, he was paying attention to blockchain and was the first to propose that "blockchain" should be translated as "blockchain", which corresponds to the word "Internet". Mr. Yuandao's thinking and interpretation of "Token" are based on five years of painstaking research on blockchain. Token is by no means a "coin", not a payment tool, and it will not replace the currency status of legal tender.

The first is digital proof of rights and interests, which means that the certificate must be a certificate of rights and interests in digital form. It must represent a right, an inherent and intrinsic value.

The second is encryption, which means that the authenticity, tamper resistance, privacy protection and other capabilities of the pass are guaranteed by cryptography. Each pass is a right protected by cryptography. This kind of protection is stronger and more reliable than any protection provided by law, authority and guns.

The third is tradability, which means that the pass must be able to flow in a network so that it can be verified anytime and anywhere. Some of the tokens can be traded and exchanged. In fact, tokens can represent all proofs of rights and interests, from ID cards to academic diplomas, from currency to bills, from keys and tickets to points, cards, and from stocks to bonds. All proofs of rights and interests in human society can be represented by tokens. represent.

㈢ A brief discussion on how to design a good token economic system

The word token has mostly been translated into tokens before, but tokens not only have monetary attributes, they are also used in an area. Token means everything in the blockchain ecosystem, so many people have suggested that it would be more appropriate to translate it into a pass, which has been recognized by more and more people. Regardless of whether tokens are translated into tokens or certificates, it is undeniable that tokens are the soul of blockchain projects, and the design of token economic systems is becoming more and more sophisticated.

What is token economic system design?

Personally, I think it is through a reasonable token distribution mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of all participants, continue collaboration and exchange, and continuously promote the system. of prosperity. In essence, they are all about coordinated evolution and building a stronger community of interests.

From the above sentence, we can extract two core points: a reasonable token distribution mechanism and the definition of participant roles, and encourage each participant to move towards the overalltarget development (ecosystem design).

Ecosystem design

Before starting to design a token economic system, two issues must be clearly understood:

First, what problem should be solved? . Second, does this problem really need to be solved by blockchain, or can it be solved well by using blockchain technology without the need to issue tokens.

Blockchain does not supplement the original business, but changes the entire rules. Sometimes a pain point of the original business is solved through tokens, but there will be more problems elsewhere, again Caught in a dilemma. If there is a deviation in the initial understanding, then the token system designed later will naturally not be very good.

After thinking clearly about these two issues, we need to consider the definition of participants in the token economic system. What are their specific roles? For example, producers, consumers, investors, communicators, etc. What are the demands of these participants and their respective application scenarios?

After defining the roles of the participants, their different interests and demands must be fully taken into consideration. Based on this perspective, the token distribution mechanism must be multi-level and complex.

Token distribution mechanism design

The distribution mechanism is the core of the token economic system, which is not difficult to understand. Just like income distribution is at the core of a market economy. There is a theory of three distributions in macroeconomics.

The three-way distribution theory means that income distribution under market economy conditions includes three distributions:

The first time is distribution carried out by the market in accordance with the principle of efficiency;

The second time is the redistribution carried out by the government through taxation, social security expenditures and other revenue sources in accordance with the principles of fairness and efficiency, focusing on the principle of fairness;

The third time is the redistribution of morality. Distributions are made through voluntary donations by individuals under the auspices of the Force.

This theory also applies to the design of the token distribution mechanism. However, compared with the initial distribution in the macro economy, which is completed by the central bank, the initial distribution of tokens has many differences, so the distribution mechanism of tokens should include four distributions:

The first time Distribution: How is the token generated, and what principles are used to distribute it to the initial holder after generation?

Second distribution: In ecological usage scenarios, distribution is based on the principle of efficiency (whoever contributes more will get more incentives).

The third distribution: If there is a governance body, how will it manage the tokens it holds and what principles will it use to influence the system?Unifying token liquidity, how does the governance body itself operate?

The fourth distribution: the principles and methods for individuals to donate, reward, etc.

Among the four distribution processes, the fourth distribution has less influence. The most important thing is the second distribution, which directly involves the interests of all participating parties. The first and third distributions are mainly led by governance institutions. In a sense, if governance institutions have too great influence on token distribution, it can be said to be putting the cart before the horse.

Three principles of token economic system design

The economic system design of token is naturally different due to the specific problems faced by each project. However, I personally think that an economic system The design of the system still needs to follow some basic principles.

First: the principle of network effect. The meaning is simple, that is, a network becomes more and more valuable as more users join and connect with each other. Only in this way can we spontaneously attract more resources to become part of the system, and only then can there be an increase.

Second: the principle of consensus. All mechanisms must be agreed upon and reach consensus. This is a guarantee for the system to function well, otherwise ecological participants will easily fall into division.

Third: the principle of openness and transparency. It sounds a bit strange. Aren’t blockchain projects all open source, decentralized, and naturally open and transparent? This is because it is impossible to achieve decentralization everywhere in an ecosystem. In the design part, we must be open and transparent to avoid black-box operations that harm the interests of other ecological participants.

In the final analysis, the token economy is still an essential business issue, that is, starting from a specific problem and through reasonable allocation methods, all participants can achieve the overall goal. Of course, as Mr. Meng Yan said, designing an excellent economic system is close to artistic creation. The more abstract the system, the easier it is to design, and the more specific problems are more difficult to solve. From this perspective, we all need to have more understanding and patience for blockchain projects that are in the early stages of the industry.

㈣ How to issue tokens in blockchain projects is enough to read this article

Everyone has different understanding and usage of Token. We usually think in terms of blockchain technology.

Token, in the initial stage of blockchain development, you can simply understand Token as "points" or "virtual currency" in real life

such as gas stations Car wash shop membership card points, the barber shop downstairs allows you to get it

Spend 2,000 to get a 1,000 hairdressing membership card, the kindergarten teacher gives the little red flowers to the children... Mainly for motivation

A kind of virtual master, a virtual reality generally recognized within a certain range.As a virtual currency, you can use the

Token I gave you at that time to replace some of my items or equivalent currencies.

After the emergence of Ethereum ERC20, Token entered the second stage. As a certificate for raising Ethereum, it can be traded on

exchanges to automate the ICO process.

After the birth of the translation of token, our understanding of Token has entered the third stage. The connotation of Token has been further

expanded. Token is no longer limited to tokens or ICO tokens, but also has usage rights, income rights, etc.

Attributes, areas Blockchain encryption technology can ensure that all symbols that cannot be tampered with can be used as tokens, that is, they have exclusive use rights. When their exclusive use rights are placed in the value network, they are converted into general use rights. , can

further circulate; that is, only at this stage can the development of the Token economy be possible.

Now, the development stage of domestic Token is generally in the second stage. The primary market of virtual currency has been ruined, and many people are rushing to launch blockchain. For projects, find talents, build a team, write a blockchain project white paper, find

industry leaders’ platforms, do community activities, form a community, and then go to the exchange to issue your own token. To make a token

only requires 0.2 ETH. After it is issued on the exchange, as long as enough people subscribe for your Token, it will instantly become

thousands With ETH, leeks can be easily harvested.

Warm reminder: Coin issuance itself is not a financing act, and the currency can simply be used as a loop within the project ecology

. Only public ICO after the issuance of coins is a financing activity. Our country clearly prohibits ICO.

Issuance of currency for financing (ICO) is already illegal.

So, what are the specific procedures for issuing coins? Today I will bring you some useful information! Teach you how to use smart contracts

to issue your own virtual currency, which is Token.

Now it is relatively easy for us to issue a currency. This is all thanks to the ERC20 protocol. As one of Ethereum's

protocols, it stipulates the basic structure of the token contract. Any token that complies with the ERC20 protocol can be used in other applications (wallets, exchanges, etc.). With the ERC20 protocol,We do not need to repeatedly develop tokens

Basic functions greatly reduce the threshold for token development, allowing developers to apply tokens to more fields and develop

Start more ICO projects; more conveniently, since different ERC20 tokens are compatible with the ERC20 protocol, transactions between two ERC20 tokens can be carried out

.

Is the token.im wallet legal?

It is legal.
Imtoken was created in March 2016. As of October 2018, imtoken has more than 7 million users in more than 200 countries and regions around the world. It will not secretly upload the private keys of Nian Dou users to the server. , is a developer of token asset wallets, and the token.im wallet is legal.
imtoken is a digital currency wallet based on Gao's blockchain. imtoken provides safe and convenient digital asset services to users in the blockchain field.

㈥Token switching account

We should put all assets on the token! ”

“Currency is dead, tokens are immortal”

The above is the evaluation of tokens on the Internet. Unfortunately, I have been looking at tokens for a week and still can’t fully understand them. I guess I am too stupid to understand. This article is not a teaching article, just think of it as an essay, it may be a bit verbose.

A long, long time ago, it was still an era of barter exchange. In a primitive There is a group of primitive people living in the village.

Xiao Ming hunted a pig and Xiao Hong wanted to eat it. Xiao Ming said, "You can eat it, but you have to give me 10 watermelons." So, the deal was done. Very quickly. Xiaopang also saw the pig and wanted to eat it. Xiao Ming said: "You can eat it, but you have to work for me for a day." The deal was done.

The days passed like this day by day until Xiao Ming came again After beating a pig, Xiaohong and Xiaopang still wanted to eat it. But Xiaoming didn't want to eat watermelon this time and didn't need help from others to work, but he had to give it to others, so Xiaoming felt that he needed something to remember that others had eaten him. How much pork. At first, people thought that Xiao Ming was crazy. He had to remember to eat pork. In the end, we no longer knew what Xiao Ming used. Later generations called this thing money. After having money, Xiao Pang gave Xiao Ming When working, Xiao Ming no longer owes "favors" but money. Gradually, the favors become less and less and the money becomes more and more.

What does the money here represent? It is 10 A watermelon or "doing a day's work".

Although it is very cold, it is in line with the rules. There is no way to measure the amount of "owe", and the enthusiasm of personal production activities cannot be improved. Personal production If the enthusiasm for activities cannot be improved, the productivity of the entire society will not be improved, and the social welfare will not be improved.More likely to perish. The purpose of our evolution is to improve the survival probability of genes. Compared with this, "favors" are no longer important.

There are many ways to compete: queuing can be compared with time, qualifications can be compared with age, and mate selection can be compared with strength and appearance. But the common thing is to compare money, and behind fairness is the consideration of efficiency, although it is very impersonal.

The time has come for modern times.

Money can still represent 10 watermelons or "a day's work." But one day Xiao Hong owed Xiao Ming 10,000 watermelons, and Xiao Hong could not provide the money corresponding to 10,000 watermelons. At this time, there was no way to directly replace these watermelons with money. So I wrote an IOU, "I owe Xiao Ming 10,000 watermelons." This is called an IOU. Of course, the IOU is valuable, but it is definitely not as valuable as giving money directly.

There are also some things that cannot be expressed in terms of money. Do they have value? It may be a priceless treasure, and we have to mark it with something, such as everyone's ID card. Without an ID card, you cannot enter an Internet cafe and surf the Internet. This is the value of an ID card.

The ERC721 standard of Ethereum can create a token with a unique ID, which is easy to understand with an ID card.

The "ID card" and "IOU" here are called tokens. With the token of the ID card, you can enter the Internet cafe, and with the token of the IOU, you can get money in the future. Token is translated as a pass, which represents certain rights and interests. At the same time, we can see that our money is also a token.

Token doesn’t seem to have anything particularly special about it. Put it into life like points and membership cards. Put it in the game and it will be points, gold coins, and VIP, and put it in the finance and it will be all kinds of financial tools.

You can open the APP on your mobile phone and take a look. There are few APPs that do not set levels, points, etc. tokens.

Among the many understandings of tokens that I have seen on the Internet, the following paragraph is the most exciting in my opinion.

“Life feeds on negentropy. Entropy represents needlessness while negentropy represents order. Token has better liquidity than negentropy and has better universality than negentropy. Contemporary society , currency is the embodiment of 'reward and punishment', and is also the largest negative entropy derivative; and the next successor is token, because token is not only more fair and flexible than currency, but more importantly, token can define what the previous currency has not Some values ​​defined by law have expanded the coverage of rewards and punishments." (From the public account "Mr. Newton", it is recommended to read the original text)

I was discussing with a friend one day, and the friend said, isn't this " "Entropy"? It can be seen that it is still beneficial to read more Tao Te Ching. (Forcibly sell the Tao Te Ching and show off the clothes I just bought today)

After saying so much, I still haven’t said it yetWhen it comes to blockchain, how much money is used to measure 10 watermelons or how much money is used to represent 10,000 watermelons has nothing to do with blockchain.

If you understand the tokens in real life and then look at the blockchain, you will feel that the design of some blockchain tokens is far-fetched and illogical. Tokens become “great” in the blockchain. In the final analysis, it is because of the decentralization of the blockchain.

It was interesting to meet an entrepreneurial company last week that was doing horizontal integration of tokens. What it was doing was very simple, similar to the integration of points in various shopping malls. We have said before that currency originated from debt, and its role is to act as a medium for barter. Imagine if everything is really on the chain in the future, and all assets are tokenized, they no longer need the medium of currency, or how much it will be like to exchange tokens for tokens. Interesting things. Why wasn't it possible before? Because the decentralization of the blockchain ensures the authenticity of the token. It can be seen that the idea of ​​​​this startup company is still very far-reaching.

But there is a very wrong logic that everyone is doing now: you should not design the role of tokens on the chain after moving the scene to the chain, but you should think about what kind of tokens should be moved to the chain and move the scene surrounding the token to the chain, or even redesign the scene on the blockchain around the token on the chain.

A few examples of why tokens should be decentralized.

P2P ran away: As an investor, the token in my APP that represents collection cannot be retrieved. After a few months without the token, my cash disappeared.

Subprime mortgage crisis: Lehman Brothers upgraded the token that represented the credit of me, a poor person, into a rich and handsome token. In the end, millions of poor people could not afford the money and a financial crisis broke out. .

The emergence of currency is not necessary but necessary. Barter can also meet people's needs for survival. But on the other hand, it is also necessary. As mentioned above, as long as the survival probability of people is improved, especially greatly improved, the wheels of history will not care about the "human touch" and will just crush it mercilessly. Therefore, the key issue we want to discuss is whether it is necessary to put the token on the blockchain.

This question has turned into whether tokens should be decentralized, and the core has become an issue of division of labor and cooperation. This is why some people say that "the emergence of tokens will surpass the shareholding system." At present, there have been some blockchain applications that can show the quality of decentralization. Decentralized exchanges: You don’t have to worry about the exchange running away and losing your money, but because no one has the responsibility to maintain it, the user experience is not good. , this is especially true for some game DAPPs. Putting more tokens on the chain can accelerate the flow of value, but putting some tokens with lower value on the chain will not promote the development of society.

Some time ago, the European Union issued the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, which is known as the “strictest in history” data protection regulations. But when looking for a cooperative solution, we know Coase's Law: "Whoever uses the data for a long time will own it." The same goes for tokens.

Token is the same

Token is the same

Token is the same

The truth is very simple, three important things all over.

So it can be concluded that it is unrealistic to put everything on the chain. Whether tokens should be put on the chain still depends on the scenario.

As we said at the beginning, the emergence of money has made society less humane. With the emergence of more and more tokens on the blockchain in the future, will society become more indifferent? In other words : Will people become more and more rational? Imagine that one day in the next few hundred years, genetic engineering will be developed enough to mark humans, and everyone will be a walking token.

Xiao Ming came to the Internet cafe and said, "Boss, I'm underage and can help me turn on my computer."

Boss: “Get out”.

“I took my mother’s ID card to help open the computer”

“Get out”

Read more

Published 4 years ago. Copyright belongs to the author.

㈦ What is Token?

Token is a string of characters generated by the server as a token for client requests. , after logging in for the first time, the server generates a Token and returns the Token to the client. In the future, the client only needs to bring this Token to request data, without bringing in the user name and password again. In fact, token can be called a secret code more informally. Before some data is transmitted, the secret code must be verified first. Different secret codes are authorized for different data operations.

The process of Token-based authentication is as follows:

1. The user sends a request through username and password.

2. Program verification.

3. The program returns a signed token to the client.

4. The client stores the token and uses it for each request.

5. The server verifies the token and returns the data.