区块链如何防篡改,区块链是如何解决防篡改问题的

区块链技术能够有效地防止篡改，它可以通过三个关键技术来实现，分别是分布式账本技术、共识机制和加密技术。

分布式账本技术是区块链技术的核心技术，它可以将所有节点的交易记录存储在网络中的每个节点，而不是集中存储在一台服务器上。因此，如果某个节点的数据被篡改，其他节点的数据依然是完整的，所以篡改行为很难成功。此外，账本数据还可以通过数字签名和哈希函数进行加密，从而更有效地防止篡改。

共识机制是区块链技术的另一个关键技术，它可以确保数据的准确性和完整性。共识机制是指在分布式网络中，所有节点都要同意才能完成交易，从而确保交易的准确性和完整性。例如，比特币网络采用的是工作量证明（Proof of Work）共识机制，只有通过算力挖矿的节点才能够完成交易，从而防止篡改。

加密技术是区块链技术的另一个关键技术，它可以有效地防止篡改。加密技术可以将数据加密，从而使篡改者无法篡改数据。例如，比特币采用的是哈希函数（Hash Function）来加密数据，它是一种不可逆的散列函数，可以将明文转换为不可篡改的密文。因此，即使篡改者篡改了数据，也无法将密文转换回明文，从而有效地防止篡改。

综上所述，区块链技术可以有效地防止篡改，主要通过分布式账本技术、共识机制和加密技术来实现。通过这三种技术，可以有效地防止篡改者篡改数据，从而保护数据的安全性和完整性。
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『一』 Central media exposed 11 suspected MLM projects using the blockchain to issue coins

At the beginning of the new year, the voice of blessing is still in my ears, People’s Daily Online and Tencent Authoritative content media such as News, WeChat Security, and True Platform released a list of projects involving pyramid schemes in 2018.

The reporter noticed that among the 78 projects involving pyramid schemes that were exposed, there were actually 11 projects that used the blockchain to carry out pyramid schemes and issue coins.

The losses caused by pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain are far greater than ordinary crimes. Huge amounts of wealth are transferred through invisible hands, which is the biggest worm in the blockchain era.

On November 24, 2018, Sebastian Greenwood, the once all-powerful OneCoin principal criminal who had been at large for a long time, was successfully captured by the FBI and the Thai Crime Collection Bureau. Extradited to the United States for trial.

Bastian Greenwood is the main culprit of One Coin, a global Ponzi scheme. It is reported that OneCoin will set up a "One Awards" bonus system to reward participating members. These members often participate in projects initiated by this organization, and the so-called projects will raise funds for its global foundation.

But someone soon revealed: “OneCoin used publicity and overseas activities to pretend to be very ‘high-class’, and then through high rates of return and wooing acquaintances, it actually formed a huge MLM system."

In May 2018, domestic regulatory agencies discovered that there were approximately US$7.2 million in funds related to the OneCoin Ponzi scheme.

Virtual currency scams have been around for a long time. Some MLM methods are not clever, but they are harmful to people.

From April 2, 2016 to June 22, 2016, Ms. Li, a Zhongshan woman, was introduced to a man named Xu Moubin by her neighbor Ajun (pseudonym). During this period, Xu Moubin and Ajun repeatedly promoted virtual "mark coins" to her, and used dividends and appreciation as temptations. She believed them and eventually purchased a total of about 600,000 yuan of "mark coins" in 9 times. It was not until February 2017, when the "Mark Coin" website was closed, that she discovered that she had been deceived.

Among the many MLM coin cases, the most “classic” case is the famous “Five Elements Coin” with a value of over 10 billion.

As early as 2013, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce listed Zhang Jian’s “Cloud Digital Trade Alliance” as a pyramid scheme; in October 2014, Zhang Jian was arrested; in December 2016, Zhang Jian Soon after he was released from prison, he launched the Five Elements Coin MLM project. It is reported that the Five Elements Coin project also has Zhang Jian’s profile picture, but Zhang Jian is actually just a junior high school student whose real name is Song Miqiu. In June 2017, Zhang Jian was arrested and returned to China from Indonesia, and an absurd farce ended. The legendary figureZhang Jian finally left the altar.

According to the reporter’s understanding, among the 11 MLM coin projects this time, there is also the plot of “Real and Fake Monkey King”. The MLM organization used Stellar Lumens, which ranks sixth in the world’s market capitalization, to issue its own “ Stellar Lumens", investors fell into the trap if they were not careful.

Tell me another story about Dogecoin.

In 2017, Dogecoin was listed by CCTV as one of the 350 MLM organizations. However, under the control of desire, it cannot stop the strong rise of Dogecoin.

Dogecoin, a cute emoticon dog head, is called Dogecoin in English and code-named DOGE. It was born in December 2013. Co-founder Jackson Palmer said that he did it as a joke at first, just to mock Bitcoin. Later, with the help of reddit (an American social news site), within two weeks, the Dogecoin project website immediately became popular.

It can be said that the birth of Dogecoin has a lot to do with American Internet culture. On the American Tieba reddit, the doge emoticon is as popular as the three domestic emoticon giants, which means it is equivalent to the domestic tycoon.

The founder said that Dogecoin is not like Bitcoin. People do not participate in it for speculation, but to express emotions of sharing and concern. This also means that at the beginning, the spread of dogecoin relied on sharing between people.

Messari’s OnChainFX data shows that Dogecoin had more average daily active addresses in December 2018 than in December 2017, making Dogecoin the third most active address after Bitcoin and Ethereum. Cryptocurrency with the most active addresses.

Currently, Dogecoin is second only to Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of daily active addresses, reaching 72,955 in a day. Bitcoin currently has 536,738 valid addresses, Ethereum has 235,004, and Tron has only 21,255. The popularity of Dogecoin is evident.

According to real-time data from the cryptocurrency tracking website Coinmarketcap, the price of Dogecoin today is hovering around $0.0023, and its market value has dropped to $268 million from the highest of $1.7 billion on January 9, 2018. . Like most other currencies, it fell by more than 80% in one year.

However, Dogecoin’s market value still ranks 24th in the global market value rankings. Compared with more than 2,000 cryptocurrencies, it still despises all living beings.

Today, Bitcoin has been rectified under the light of blockchain, and few people have mentioned that it has been used by the dark web.Hand-driven past events. But it is undeniable that there are still a large number of MLM coins that use the name of blockchain to conduct pyramid schemes.

While the blockchain carries the technical ideals of geeks, it is also being benefited by those who are interested.

At present, in the early stages of the development of blockchain technology, a strange circle has gradually formed in which idealists and deceivers coexist, and speculators drive out pragmatists. As the cold winter in the currency circle comes, projects collapse one after another, and bad coins drive out good coins.

There is a joke about a blockchain person chatting with an MLM person, and the MLM person was shocked: "What you are doing is illegal."

In fact, MLM people are thinking about one question all the time, that is, how to make it legal. Can I cheat openly and openly after obtaining a direct selling license? It turns out it can't.

After the Tianjin Quanjian incident broke out, on January 1 this year, Quanjian Natural Medicine Technology Development Co., Ltd. was put on file for investigation on suspicion of organizing and leading pyramid schemes and false advertising. Then, as everyone was eagerly waiting, news came out on January 7 that 18 suspects including Quanjian’s boss Shu Yuhui had been detained.

The great transfer of social wealth is often accompanied by technological revolution, which is more dependent on material attributes than virtual attributes.

It is understandable that capital will use any means to pursue interests. Because this is the property of capital. At the same time, technology has no values. Whoever masters the technology will benefit from it.

In the past, MLM organizations tried to achieve financial freedom by pulling people’s heads without mastering capital or technology. Nowadays, MLM organizations have found a new way to "get rich" and effectively avoid legal supervision, which is to issue MLM coins under the guise of blockchain.

Seeing is worth hearing a hundred times. 24/7 digital currency transactions throughout the year, unknown currencies that multiply a thousand times a day, and the myth of wealth creation with one coin per villa. While blockchain is on fire, digital currencies are also on fire.

"Blockchain is not a bubble, Bitcoin is." Jack Ma has promoted his views in public more than once. Unfortunately, in the eyes of most investors, blockchain is digital currency, and digital currency is blockchain.

The reporter learned that some MLM projects that use blockchain to issue coins will move outside the government's strong support for the blockchain industry, but avoid talking about relevant digital currency supervision.

“Many MLM coins only borrow the name of blockchain and do not use any blockchain technology. They are still different from the famous air coins in the currency circle. At least they are actually using it. Blockchain technology." said one investor.

“TalentIt's miserable enough if it's not enough to support ambition. What's even worse is that it's full of ambition, but its IQ is squeezed into hell. "When his family was fascinated by "Stellar Lumens" and went bankrupt, a netizen's message was thought-provoking.

Asia-European currency fraud of 4 billion yuan, more than 70,000 people were defrauded; the amount of GCB glory coins involved Hundreds of millions of yuan, with hundreds of thousands of registered members; EGD Network Gold involved a case amount of 10.9 billion yuan, with as many as 500,000 registered members; Wanfu Coin involved a case amount of 2 billion yuan, with 130,000 registered members; dark currency involved a case amount of 1.5 billion yuan , with more than 30,000 registered members; OneCoin involved a case amount of 600 million yuan, with 1.8 million registered members; Laihui Coin involved a case amount of 500 million yuan, with 200,000 registered members...

According to the reporter's understanding , there are far more MLM coins currently on the market than the list exposed this time.

Comparing the overall MLM cases in our country, the China Judgment Document Network shows that from 2002 to 2018, the total number of MLM cases in our country The number of cases was 14,658, including 1,869 in 2014, 1,417 in 2015, 3,085 in 2016, 3,313 in 2017, and 3,612 in 2018. The overall growth trend is much smaller than virtual currency pyramid schemes.

Press In 2018, there were 166 cases of virtual currency MLM cases. After only a few years, virtual currency MLM cases have accounted for 5% of my country’s total MLM cases (166/3612). This does not include the large number of cases registered overseas and temporarily unable to leave the case domestically. An ICO (Initial Coin Offering) MLM project.

The essence of MLM coins is actually not much different from traditional MLM. The methods of attracting people, developing offline, and issuing physical objects as collateral have been exhausted. However, in the face of such familiar routines, investors are still powerless to resist.

Under poverty and economic weakness, greed and hunger with no place to place have become the biggest breeding ground for MLM coins. MLM coins So what? In the face of desire, IQ is not needed.

In this market, faced with endless temptations, most people are unable to distinguish whether this is an investment with huge profits or a scam that loses all their money. Under the temptation of greed, MLM has boarded the blockchain train.

But please remember: MLM has been like tigers and wolves since ancient times, and a dream will eventually turn into a nightmare.

『 2』 The impact of the continuous issuance of blockchain currency

In the short term, the appropriate issuance of additional currency will increase the liquidity of currency and stimulate the economy. In the long term, the issuance of additional currency will lead to inflation, inflation and consumer prices Related to the CPI index, money becomes less valuable when prices rise, causing more and more people to be unwilling to consume. At this time, people's demand for money decreases. At this time, the government may have a fiscal deficit and must lower interest rates to stimulate the economy. This is a cycle that will lead to a bubble economy, and the final result is that the entire economy is vulnerable to crisis.

『三』Why does the blockchain need to issue currency

We know that the country has been advocating a “coinless” blockchain. It means that the chain does not require ‌‌‌‌ coins, and it supports technology development but does not support the issuance of coins.
Of course, the currency here is what we often call TOKEN, which originally meant token (temporary) in computer identity authentication. With the popularity of blockchain and digital currency, people have various translations for TOKEN. Diverse, including tokens, points, certificates, logos, indicators, and more.
The understanding of TOKEN in the market is mainly divided into two categories.
In the first category, 99% of people think TOKEN means token, because 99.9% of projects do the same. Establish a foundation, build a website, write a white paper, and then launch an ICO. Because most of the project is still in the conceptual stage, the TOKEN itself has no other meaning except transaction, so people call it a token, and it is implemented to some extent. Functions of money.
The second category, professionals and institutions are more willing to translate TOKEN as a proof of equity, or a pass. For example, a person's identity certificate, academic certificate, equity, bonds, points, bills, etc. are all authentic and cannot be tampered with due to the proof of equity. Every proof of stake becomes more secure and reliable through cryptographic protection.
So, blockchain is not just a technology, it is a new way of production and organization, and even a new way of thinking.
So, the question now is, do blockchain projects have to issue coins?
Answer: No coins are issued. Not all blockchain projects need to issue coins, and those that issue coins are not necessarily blockchain projects.
For example, the alliance chain does not need to issue coins. For example, Tencent's Q coin is, in principle, a currency, but it is not a blockchain project.
So, there is no correlation between the two, but if it is a public chain, it needs to issue coins. why?
Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. As a public chain, the Bitcoin system must rely on the existence of coins. The public chain obtains the stability and non-tamperability of its system through nodes distributed around the world, and these properties are the basis for the survival of the public chain.
Just imagine, if the Bitcoin system is unstable or can be easily tampered with, Bitcoin will be worthless. These nodes are not set up by one or several companies, otherwise they will be equivalent to private chains or alliance chains. These nodes must be dynamically constructed by many participants. The existence of these nodes must require the existence of some kind of incentives, otherwise why would the builders of these nodes participate in your system. And this incentive must be integrated with the blockchain system and must be a currency.
So, why is currency instead of fiat currency, such as RMB, used as an incentive?
If RMB is used as an incentive, since RMB must be stored in a RMB account, and this account itself is centralized, it is too easy to be controlled. Think about why domestic BitcoinYou can understand why the exchange is so afraid of Central Mother, because she is afraid of being weaned. In addition, the RMB cannot chemically react with the smart contracts within the blockchain.
Electronic currency issued by the central bank cannot be used as the native currency and incentive of a certain blockchain system. Why?
If the central bank or a certain wealthy person wants to destroy a certain project, they only need to use enough electronic currency to build enough nodes and carry out 51% attacks. Therefore, use the electronic currency issued by the central bank as the native currency and incentive. Blockchain systems cannot do this either. Blockchain projects that use independent native coins and incentives do not have this worry.
Because if a person or organization wants to obtain enough nodes to carry out a 51% attack, then it must first obtain more than 50% of the sufficient coins, and the number of coins in the market is certain, so in other Before he could get enough coins, the skyrocketing prices became unbearable for him.
Therefore, public chain projects must have coins. Public chain projects without coins are like a castrated person.
And only by reasonably stimulating output through tokens can production relations be changed and the value of the blockchain be brought into play. Therefore, the project must have TOKEN. TOKEN can promote the development of the project faster. TOKEN solves the problems of incentives and consensus. Incentives solve the problem of autonomy. The economic ecosystem of positive autonomy plus the underlying technology of the blockchain is a perfect solution. combination.

『四』How to prevent illegal fund-raising in the name of "blockchain"

Tips from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Central Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, and the State Administration for Market Regulation:

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2. Strong deception, temptation and concealment. They use hot concepts to create hype and fabricate numerous "high-level" theories. Some even use celebrity V's "platform" propaganda, and use airdrops of "candy" as temptations, claiming that "currency values ​​only rise but not fall" and "the investment cycle is short. "High returns, low risks", which is highly deceptive. In actual operations, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of so-called virtual currencies behind the scenes and setting profit and withdrawal thresholds. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens in innovative forms such as ICO, IFO, and IEO, or conduct virtual currency speculation in the form of IMO under the banner of the sharing economy, which is highly concealed and deceptive.

3. There are various illegal risks. Through publicity, criminals use "static returns" (profits from currency appreciation) and "dynamic returns" (profits from offline development) as bait to attract the public to invest funds, and induce investors and development personnel to join in, constantly expanding the capital pool. , with characteristics of illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, fraud and other illegal activities.

Such activities use "financial innovation" as a gimmick, but are essentially a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing new and repaying old", making it difficult to maintain long-term capital operations. The general public is requested to view the blockchain rationally, do not blindly believe in promises made by the public, establish correct currency concepts and investment concepts, and effectively improve risk awareness; they can actively report to relevant departments any clues about illegal crimes discovered.

Source: China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission

『Wu』How to achieve legal compliance for blockchain projects

China is still relatively conservative about blockchain projects Yes, blockchain projects always involve a derivative industry, which is digital currency trading. If you want to do a project but it is not allowed in China, what should you do? You can register a non-profit foundation in Singapore, and add relevant legal opinions to prove that the project you do does not violate Singapore's current laws and regulations. Examples of Bytom, Litecoin, etc. are such operations.

After registering the foundation body, you still need to complete legal compliance in the later stage. The main purpose is to draw a clear line between illegal and criminal activities, but you have no say in it. Because those who do blockchain must have digital tokens. To put it bluntly, digital currency drives the popularity of blockchain in China, but what are the facts? Digital currency is just a small application of blockchain technology.

Due to the particularity of the industry, there are currently no formal laws and regulations to restrict its development. It involves a wide range of violations:
pyramid selling
illegal fund-raising
money laundering
Absorbing public deposits
Illegal operations
Transnational foreign exchange crime
Provides more convenience for terrorist financing

So various countries in the world treat blockchain Attitudes are also different. China has banned it, so everyone is developing projects overseas, such as Singapore and Thailand. The first thing that needs to be complied with is local laws and regulations. Who has the final say on whether the project is legal? Two ways: apply for a formal digital transaction license or rely on a legal opinion issued by a lawyer. At present, most of them are the latter, which are easy to operate and cost little.

『Lu』 What is blockchain and what role does blockchain play

What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper, the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

The Cyberspace Administration of China released "Blockchain" on January 10, 2019."Information Service Management Regulations", effective from February 15, 2019.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Unforgeable distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and Access security, a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.

In fact, to understand it very simply and vividly, we can imagine that everything in life is realized in digital form, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical treatment, education, etc., based on the Internet, it can be easily done at home Get it done, no matter where you go to do business or trade, you can completely operate it with your mobile phone. With the continuous development, everything we do can be easily completed online, such as volumetric work, production, planting, etc. Of course, the rise of 5g will bring about the end No one can accurately predict what it is now, but it will definitely bring about earth-shaking changes in life and social form!

Blockchain was born from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin. Since 2009, various Bitcoin-like digital currencies have appeared, all based on public blockchains.

The current situation of digital currencies is that a hundred flowers are blooming. Here are some common ones: bitcoin, litecoin, dogecoin, OKcoinetc. In addition to currency applications, there are also various derivative applications, such as NXT, SIA, and BitShares. , MaidSafe, Ripple, Ethereum and many more.

On January 20, 2016, the People’s Bank of China Digital Currency Seminar announced that it had achieved phased results in digital currency research. The meeting affirmed the value of digital currency in reducing the issuance of traditional currency and stated that the central bank is exploring the issuance of digital currency.

Some areas where blockchain can be used can be:

▪ Smart contracts

▪ Securities trading

▪ E-commerce

▪ Internet of Things

▪ Social communication

▪ File storage

▪ Proof of existence

▪ Authentication

▪ Equity Crowdfunding

The development of blockchain can be compared to the development of the Internet itself. In the future, something called finance-internet will be formed on the Internet, and this thing is based on blockchain , its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance starts from private chains and industry chains (local area network), and the bitcoin series starts from public chains (wide area network), both expressing the same concept - digital assets (Digital Asset), and ultimately moving toward an intermediate balance. Point convergence.

The core advantages of the blockchain architecture include:

Any node can create a transaction, and after a period of confirmation, it can reasonably confirm whether the transaction is Effectively, blockchain can effectively prevent problems from happening on both sides. The cost of trying to rewrite or modify transaction records is very high. Blockchain implements two types of records: transactions and blocks. Transactions are the actual data stored on the blockchain, while blocks are records confirming when and in what order certain transactions became part of the blockchain database. Transactions are created by participants using the system in the normal course (in the case of cryptocurrencies, a transaction is created by Bob sending tokens to Alice), while blocks are created by what we call Units of miners are responsible for creation.

So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic, and many things will be within our reach. , coupled with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that may seem cumbersome now, such as some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial management activities.

To put it simply, blockchain is a network computing center that integrates people, property, machines, and goods, and packages it into a whole; putting it on an infrastructure and running it in a network computing center .

Now the author’s imagination is not big enough to imagine what the future world will be like. I am looking forward to it!

I know a thing or two about this issue. Let’s get to know this mysterious thing - blockchain.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the nextBlock

The more popular it is, the more fake it is to keep the real. First of all, we must first figure out what the real blockchain technology is.

As an example, take buying fruits online.

The process of purchasing fruits online is as follows:

Using blockchain technology and decentralization, the process of purchasing fruits is as follows:

Summary:

1. We found that the original transaction process is: buyers make transactions with sellers, and all key processes are dealing with the payment platform. The advantage of this is that if there is a problem in any link, both sellers and buyers can seek help through the platform and let the platform arbitrate. However, a major bug or hacker attack occurs on the platform, resulting in the loss of all transfer records within a period of time. How to deal with the loss is a troublesome matter.

2. The transaction process using blockchain technology is: everyone’s ledger has exactly the same transaction record. Even if Alipay’s ledger server is broken, the seller’s ledger still exists, and the buyer’s ledger still exists. Still exists. Once this transaction occurs, the traces will never be erased.

This is the core of the blockchain, which is the four words "accounting + accounting".

The development and maturity of blockchain technology are inseparable from the foundation and foreshadowing of the above new generation of Internet technology. Blockchain is not only a technology, but also provides a service model and solution. , which has played an extremely important role in promoting the further development of the Internet industry.

1. Blockchain + Finance

2. Blockchain + Supply Chain Management

3. Blockchain + Intelligent Manufacturing

4. Blockchain + Public Services

5. Blockchain + Education and Employment

6. Blockchain + Culture and Entertainment

7. Blockchain + payment

8. Blockchain + invoice {Already enabled in Shenzhen}

Traceability and non-tamperability of blockchain , perfectly combined with the inherent nature and needs of the financial industry, which makes the application of blockchain in the field of financial services the most in-depth and relatively mature field so far. Blockchain technology has broad application prospects. The future technological competition will also be a blockchain competition.

It is important to understand blockchain, which is important to see through various pseudo-blockchain scams.

If someone uses a bunch of professional terms to explain blockchain, it will be difficult for you to understand, and they may not really understand it themselves.

So, we first establishA psychological line of defense. Anyone who sells you concepts and uses a lot of unfamiliar technical terms may be a liar. Be very careful!

To understand blockchain, you must know what the core appeal of blockchain is. What do you think you are most worried about in today's highly developed Internet world?

Privacy, yes, privacy. How to protect privacy? You may be monitored at any time, and any of your personal information may be stolen at any time. If personal privacy is not absolutely protected, the Internet will become another pyramid of power. Who is standing on top of the pyramid? He is the smartest technical master, a platform provider, and an information regulator. You and I may be the people at the bottom of this pyramid.

The people who originally invented the blockchain had serious concerns about being completely swallowed up by the Internet, and tried to create an absolutely safe encryption technology to lock up personal privacy. This technology completely subverts traditional encryption technology. In fact, rather than locking up privacy, it is better to tear it into pieces and then distribute the pieces to different people for private keeping. Unless everyone agrees to take the pieces and piece together the complete code, the truth cannot be recreated. This is the first mechanism of blockchain, which is decentralization.

But decentralization alone is not enough. It is also necessary to make those who steal password fragments have nowhere to hide, so that every action of the thief can be recorded indelibly and posted everywhere on the Internet. Diffuse and make it public. This is the second mechanism of the blockchain, the non-anonymous mechanism. Do you think, who snoops into privacy is not sneaky?

In summary, the blockchain is to hide privacy in a decentralized manner, record any actions that reproduce this privacy, and make it public. Seeing this, you may want to applaud the blockchain. Don't worry, how can there be such a good thing in the world? Is there any utopia that is absolutely safe? If blockchain can be realized in an absolute sense, will the existence of the government still make sense? Yes, blockchain was originally the embodiment of anarchy. Its ultimate meaning is destined to never be realized. Its survival may have to rely on power, and it is destined to become another beautifully packaged lie and a pretense to deceive people. In this sense, the government must also specify a framework for the development of the blockchain, reconstruct the value of the blockchain, and drive out the anti-government and anti-national attempts contained in the blockchain. Some blockchain technologies can be used in concrete applications, but decentralization must not be promoted. In short, we must remain highly vigilant about blockchain. Beauty often hides its sting. Absolutely ideal recipes often turn out to be poison. The person who says he can absolutely protect your privacy and financial security is the real voyeur and vampire.

Perhaps the best way for us to protect privacy is not to have any privacy, to live a completely open life, either to live like a sun or to live like a god of wine.

Viewpoint: 1. The concept of blockchain originated from theThe technical attributes of Bitcoin (distributed data storage and accounting, decentralization, inability to tamper with transaction records, point-to-point information transmission, sharing mechanism...), but later some people continued to extend and expand the concept to many business fields to facilitate capital speculation. 2. Reality The blockchain in the market (the blockchain currently on the market is very confusing), most of the hype concepts are used to make money in the stock market, there are also a lack of regulatory loopholes, legal and regulatory issues, etc., and there is even money laundering (the actual operation of blockchain products is One thing, the capital operation behind it is another). At present, the world's computer systems cannot meet the technical requirements of the attributes and characteristics of blockchain (such as distributed data storage and accounting, decentralization...,), Network bandwidth, storage technology, and computer computing systems cannot meet transaction operation requirements (it is easy to use computer technology to make your network clogged or unable to complete distributed data storage or transactions are interrupted or delayed at any time, etc.). In addition, at present, there are risks arising from practical applications. It is very easy for the global computer system to crack the underlying program of the blockchain (this is the fatal flaw of the current global computers, 0 and 1 binary logic, and if the reverse blockchain mode algorithm is used, it is very easy to crack the blockchain, this This inverse operation mode can completely tamper with all transaction records. If a real quantum computer comes to the market in the future, it can directly break all blockchain computer systems in seconds. Bitcoin mining is a Ponzi scheme. 3. The current area of ​​​​the global market Most blockchains are basically capital hype concepts to make money.

Blockchain has been mentioned for several years. At the beginning of last year, I heard a blockchain boss say that 2018 was the most popular year for blockchain. It was a good year for development. After this year, foreign development fell behind. What is blockchain? In terms of impact, it is like pig intestines, connected section by section. Blockchain is to make these blocks Connected together and fixed, computer and Internet encryption technology is used to prevent secrets from being leaked to the outside world. This technology cannot be explained to non-professionals through professional terms, and generally they cannot understand it. It can only be explained with an analogy. Let me Give two examples:

1. Four people, A, B, C and D, play mahjong and gamble in a mahjong parlor. They use chips for each game and settle the bill at once when they break up. A loses 1,500 yuan and B loses 300 yuan. C won 200 yuan and Ding won 1,600 yuan. As a result, A only had 1,000 yuan. Everyone else figured it out, but A still owed Ding 400 yuan. Only these four people knew about this, and these four people were in the same block. . There is no basis for what you say, and you don’t know how to write an IOU for this kind of thing. What will happen if A doesn’t pay back the money in the future? Except for the four people A, B, C and D present, no one else knows about this. If A wants to repudiate the debt and says that he doesn’t owe money at all, Only three people, B, B, and D, know that A has defaulted on his debt, and it is difficult for others to judge whether A owes money and refuses to pay it back. Therefore, the value of the blockchain needs to expand the scope of participation. If these four people had more than a dozen friends when they were playing mahjong. What about the onlookers? The cost of defaulting on the debt is high, right? This is a block of real life. What about extending to the Internet? Then there are endless possibilities and more scenarios.

2.If four people A, B, C and D are doing business in a business group of 500 people, this group of 500 people is a big block. Once, A asked B for 10,000 yuan of goods, but did not pay B in time. A said at that time that he would pay B within 3 days. Everyone in the group knows this. If A fails to send money to B within 3 days, then the other 498 business partners in the group will know about it. If A defaults on the debt, his reputation in this business circle will be ruined. affected. This is a block.

Later, A wanted to do business with C. C asked A for goods. A said that you should pay a deposit of 5,000 yuan and the goods will be shipped immediately. C paid 5,000 yuan to A, but A was delayed. Not shipping, everyone in this group knows, this is another block. When the two blocks are connected, everyone doubts A's credibility. How many times have you done this? Will Mr. A continue to play in the future? This is the value of blockchain.

Blockchain may seem complicated, but it is not complicated at all; it may seem simple, but it is actually very difficult to operate. The blocks are too small and meaningless. If a block wants to grow bigger, privacy and business secrets will be involved. For example, it is inconvenient to talk about falling in love in a large group; for example, it is inconvenient to discuss it publicly in the group (block) beforehand when working together to do big business. However, there are still occasions when blockchain technology is used, such as poverty alleviation work, disaster relief fund management, etc. It is exposed to the sun and everyone knows it and supervises each other. I’ve given these two examples. Do you understand them at all?

[The most core and easy-to-understand introduction to blockchain]

1. How does blockchain create trust? We use "1", "2", and "3" to summarize the characteristics of the blockchain:

- "1" summarizes the blockchain: a trusted distributed database;

- "2" core properties: distributed, non-tamperable;

- "3" key mechanisms: cryptography principles, data storage structure, consensus mechanism.

The "distributed" and "non-tamperable" properties ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain, which is the basis for the blockchain to create trust.

2. In terms of industry, it is expected that the financial industry will be dominated by the financial industry in the next 3-5 years, gradually radiating to other real industries, more realistic scenarios will be accelerated, and the industry will develop from "1 to N" to Including entertainment, product traceability, credit reporting, etc.

In the future, in addition to using technologies such as side chains, lightning networks, and cross-chains, blockchain will also need to be deeply integrated with emerging information technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things to enhance the Technical performance and off-chain data quality and reduce resource waste.

3. Smart contracts may be the most revolutionary application on the blockchain. If smart contracts are widely implemented on the blockchainThrough application, the economic division of labor will be further refined in the Internet era. Network nodes around the world will directly connect demand and production, and broader social collaboration will be realized.

If the above vision is realized, the combination of blockchain technology and industry is expected to usher in an explosive moment "from 1 to N". Its explosion may not be linear but non-linear. Blockchain Only then can the chain be upgraded from a "trust machine" to an important "engine" leading the industry wave.

Decentralization. Prevent cheating. It used to be that one person kept accounts and could make changes. Now there are 50 people. Each person records an entry and everyone has a record in the account book. Can you make changes to all 50? All 50 ledgers are valid unless they are all changed. So it's very useful.

I saw many people answering that ordinary people cannot understand intuitively. Let me explain simply and clearly, blockchain is decentralized. When something happens, everyone writes it down and has their own password, which cannot be tampered with.

Even if a hacker wants to change it, he has to do it one by one, which will tire him out. In fact, it is impossible, at least for now.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin and is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods. The associated data blocks are generated. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information and generate the next block.

Blockchain has potentially huge application value in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection, thereby greatly reducing costs and quickly completing transaction payments.

After reading so many expert advices, I am still confused. I only remember that someone used this so-called "blockchain" to do pyramid schemes in the past...

『撒』 Comprehensive interpretation of blockchain and Bitcoin, teach you to understand the relationship between the two

01 Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin

Blockchain is a A distributed account, simply put, is a decentralized ledger that can be viewed and joined by many people. For example, each block is equivalent to each knot on the rope. When each new transaction enters the blockchain, it is equivalent to an event. To mark the occurrence of an event, a symbolic knot is made and the details are recorded on the specific knot

Bitcoin uses blockchain for value storage and transactions. In addition, the technical difficulty of the blockchain itself is not the most difficult, but its application scenarios and regulatory issues include three types of blockchain: publicBlockchain, private blockchain and federated blockchain; another classification is permissionless and permissioned

Therefore, cryptocurrencies use blockchain technology, but blockchain technology is not entirely Cryptocurrency

02 When the financial crisis comes, blockchain technology can prevent counterfeiting, trace the source, and simplify transactions in the financial industry. Some investors choose to invest in cryptocurrency to avoid corresponding asset risks and benefit from Due to the mechanism of blockchain to solve the trust problem, the technology has been applied to financial management and transactions. The main performance is that blockchain can track various types of transactions and can also play an anti-counterfeiting and traceability role in various scenarios. Copyright, trademark, academic fraud and other issues have been exposed one after another

In addition, blockchain technology can also simplify transactions, make the entire transaction process open and transparent, track the links of each transaction event, and ensure that both parties have certain rights. Degree of trust

03 The concept of Bitcoin is different from that of blockchain

During the "mining" process, the open source blockchain network can ensure trust and cannot be tampered with. When networked computers run through a precise algorithm and give the correct answer, the "absentees" will be rewarded for mining and have access to servers around the world, but the whole process is still very energy-consuming

Currency Chart B Coin: A comprehensive explanation of blockchain and Bitcoin will teach you to understand the relationship between them. Bitcoin is an open source version of blockchain technology, that is, a network developed for everyone, and it is popular for its decentralized advantages. However, as a public blockchain, Bitcoin consumes a lot of computing power due to mining, which leads to severe power consumption in many countries

Therefore, for an emerging technology, it is best not to be blind Trust or invest and recognize its true purpose in order to see everything objectively and be prepared.

#BTC[超话]# #digital currency# #OUyiOKEx#

『八』Why the country bans blockchain

Needs correction One thing is that what the country prohibits is the transaction of digital virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, which is unregulated and carries great financial risks. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The country is supporting the development of blockchain technology, and local governments have introduced relevant support policies.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of applications. Data blocks generated by cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Bitcoin is an online virtual currency. The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2016Proposed in 2009, it is a P2P digital currency.

『九』 The economic functional shortcomings of blockchain digital currency

Issuing digital currency based on blockchain is also called decentralized currency issuance. It is generally recognized in the chain circle that it can fight against the center Reduce the inflation caused by excessive currency issuance. Including Satoshi Nakamoto also expressed his distrust of centralized money printing in the Bitcoin genesis block.

During the global financial crisis in 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto announced Bitcoin to the world. When introducing his innovation, he said: "The most fundamental problem with traditional currency is trust. The central bank must make people trust it. It will not devalue the currency, but this kind of credibility has never existed in history. Banks must be trusted to manage money and circulate this wealth in the form of electronic currency, but banks use currency to create credit bubbles, making Private wealth has shrunk."

On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released the first version of the open source Bitcoin client, announcing the birth of Bitcoin. Satoshi Nakamoto wrote in the genesis block: "On January 3, 2009, the Chancellor was on the verge of implementing a second round of bank bailouts."

Judging from the operating practices of Bitcoin and Ethereum, digital currencies based on blockchain technology can indeed resist inflation, because each incremental coin of the digital currency is generated through mining (PoW, The emergence of proof of work corresponds to undifferentiated human (machine) labor, and there is no centralized organization that can bypass mining labor and issue currencies on a large scale.

However, this decentralized currency issuance mechanism has a natural economic flaw: it cannot dynamically adjust the amount of currency issuance according to the growth of wealth on the blockchain. When wealth grows faster than Currency issuance will create a deflationary situation, that is, there will not be enough new digital currencies to match the growth of wealth on the blockchain.

We illustrate the shortcomings of the decentralized blockchain currency issuance mechanism by comparing it with the traditional centralized currency issuance mechanism.

In RMB, under the centralized currency issuance mechanism, there are three main ways to add new currency issuance:

1. Earning foreign exchange through exports leads to the investment of foreign exchange reserves. Buy domestically produced goods abroad to obtain U.S. dollars, and then settle the U.S. dollars to obtain RMB for circulation into the market. The country uses U.S. dollars to purchase bulk commodities overseas. In this process, the newly added wealth is commodities, and the corresponding RMB is invested in the foreign exchange account.

2. Bank loan. The developer built the house, the individual bought the house with a mortgage loan from the bank, and worked hard to repay the loan. In this process, the newly added wealth is a house, and the corresponding RMB investment is a loan. In the end, individuals realize wealth by returning the loan through labor.

3. Bank interest. Depositing money in the bank will earn interest, and the interest rate corresponds to the economic growth rate. During this process,Economic growth means wealth growth, and the corresponding RMB investment is deposit interest.

In the above three methods, the newly increased wealth is matched by the new currency, so there is a sufficient amount of currency in the market chasing a sufficient amount of wealth, and the currency value is stable.

Let’s look at the currency issuance of blockchain.

Obtain incremental digital currency through the labor of mining and accounting. In this process, wealth growth is due to the mining of blocks and decentralized ledger maintenance, corresponding to the issuance of new digital currencies. However, the generation of wealth on the blockchain is not only mining, but also business cooperation through smart contracts, as well as the creation of native digital artworks NFT, etc. These newly generated wealth do not have corresponding digital currency issuance.

We use NFT to illustrate. An artist creates an art work in the metaverse where the blockchain is located. If this work is auctioned off-chain, it can reach 1 million US dollars. After this work is put on the blockchain, the wealth on the entire blockchain increases. 1 million US dollars, but no corresponding digital currency was generated. If this occurs under a centralized currency issuance mechanism, the corresponding currency delivery can be obtained through the above methods 1 and 2. Assume that 100 NFT works are produced within a year, and these works are valued at 100 million US dollars off the chain, but there is no digital currency corresponding to this 100 million US dollars of wealth on the chain.

Since NFT can only be traded through digital currency on the chain, the price of digital currency has increased. When there is more and more NFT wealth on the blockchain, and the growth rate exceeds the currency release speed of mining, then the price of the digital currency corresponding to NFT will become lower and lower, and at the same time, the off-chain dollar price corresponding to the digital currency will decrease. Higher and higher. In this way, deflation occurs on the blockchain. If it continues to develop, the digital currency generated by mining may eventually be able to buy an NFT with an off-chain valuation of US$1 million.

So, is mining valuable or digital art creation valuable? Bitcoin has already seen this strange phenomenon. One Bitcoin obtained from a high-carbon, uncreative mining job can be equivalent to a year's salary income of an ordinary white-collar worker in China.

The economic ecology of the Metaverse is based on blockchain technology, so what kind of economic crisis will this flaw bring to the Metaverse?

To be continued...