人民银行区块链信用管理办法,人民银行区块链信用评级标准

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，人民银行出台了《人民银行区块链信用管理办法》和《人民银行区块链信用评级标准》，为金融机构和企业提供了一个全新的信用管理模式。在此基础上，本文拓展三个相关关键词：区块链信用管理、区块链信用评级、区块链信用风险管理。

区块链信用管理是指采用区块链技术对信用管理进行实施的方法。它可以有效地改善信用管理的效率，提高信用管理的效果，更好地保护借款人的合法权益。它通过构建可信的信用管理网络，实现信用管理的安全和可靠性。它使得信用管理过程更加透明，更具有针对性，更加可控，更加可靠。

区块链信用评级是指根据区块链信用管理的规则和标准，对企业的信用状况进行评估和评级的过程。它可以有效地提高信用管理的效率，提高企业的信用水平，提高企业的信用状况，更好地保护借款人的合法权益。它可以更准确地评估企业的信用状况，更准确地评估企业的信用风险，更有效地控制企业的信用风险。

区块链信用风险管理是指根据区块链信用管理的规则和标准，有效地管理企业的信用风险的过程。它可以有效地提高企业的信用管理水平，有效地防止和控制信用风险，更好地保护借款人的合法权益。它可以更有效地控制企业的信用风险，更有效地实施信用管理，更有效地防止和控制信用风险。

总之，人民银行出台的《人民银行区块链信用管理办法》和《人民银行区块链信用评级标准》，为金融机构和企业提供了一个全新的信用管理模式，其中包括区块链信用管理、区块链信用评级、区块链信用风险管理等内容，可以有效地提高信用管理的效率，更好地保护借款人的合法权益。

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⑴ Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain: "Chain" moves data to explore sustainable development

Data is still data.

Balance security and development with the help of blockchain

Unlike traditional credit reporting, which mostly focuses on loan information, the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Reporting Chain" mainly uses alternative data to characterize companies. credit status. According to the definition of the World Bank, data other than lending information are collectively referred to as alternative data. Practice in recent years has proven that as a supplement to loan credit data, alternative data can well describe the credit status of enterprises, and the potential commercial value is gradually reflected.

Referring to the group standards of the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Chain Integrated Service Standards", the credit report mainly includes basic industrial and commercial information, shareholder information, directors, supervisors and senior management information, social security provident fund payment information, assets and liabilities There are 29 pieces of information including main information of the statement, main information of the income statement, main financial indicator information, tax information, customs import and export information, water and electricity payment information. With these alternative data, banks can have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the enterprise and then make a judgment on whether to grant credit. Especially for first-time borrowers and credit "white accounts" who lack lending information, multi-dimensional alternative data can better improve the bank's risk control capabilities.

Compared with traditional lending information, Huijing’s multi-dimensional alternative data can reflect the company’s ongoing business operations, legal persons, actual controllers and other related content, and depict more dimensions of the portrait of small and micro enterprises, which is also more complete and clear. , through in-depth descriptions of default leading labels, industry indicators, business changes, legal persons, senior executives, etc., to help financial institutions provide early warning and reduce risks and costs.

So, how to ensure the security of on-chain data? Yin Guimei introduced that blockchain technology is a pure digital encryption technology. Each data source unit can only store the data summary value on the chain, and the original data is still retained in the data source unit, allowing the queryer to query the required data without having to Access original data, resolve the concerns of information source units, and reduce the difficulty of information collection.

Regarding this issue, almost all interviewees said that how to make data flow on the "chain" compliantly and safely and ensure the security of data information is the lifeline of the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain" platform's survival. . "As the main preparatory organization for the 'Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain', Suzhou Enterprise Credit Information received the task of using blockchain technology to carry out pilot applications in the field of credit information in January 2020. Under the guidance of the People's Bank of China and local governments, With the guidance and help, the Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain R&D Laboratory was prepared." Yao Kang said that the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain" will manage the units that provide this information as business nodes on the chain, on the basis of fully ensuring data security and reliability. Achieve interconnection, expand the dimension of credit data, provide a complete portrait of small and micro enterprises, and further provide better basic conditions for improving the innovative development of inclusive finance.

Preliminary exploration of marketization and deep exploration of the potential of data resources

Credit reporting agencies are also optimistic about this business blue ocean. "The current service of the 'Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain' is a financial infrastructure, and these basic services should be considered public welfare." Deng Zhongwei, deputy general manager of Shanghai Weicheng Enterprise Credit Information Co., Ltd., said, "But in the future we will definitely Explore the market-oriented development path and find a sustainable development model. At this stage, the 'Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain' is still in its infancy, including data accumulation and sharing models are still being explored."

Deng Zhongwei introduced, As a financial infrastructure, the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain" has been completed and has played an active role, but it still faces challenges in terms of the richness, quality and application of on-chain data. He said that currently the data content uploaded by each company is highly repetitive, and there are differences in the collection and cleaning of core data such as taxation, provident fund and social security. At the application level, it is currently mainly a credit report inquiry method, mostly to assist decision-making. However, in-depth application scenarios such as supporting commercial bank online "second approval and instant loan" product development and post-loan management require breakthroughs in data online There are many bottlenecks in authorization, online data calling, and data quality control.

Looking forward to the next step of market-oriented development, Xie Jie put forward suggestions for the development of the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain" from the aspects of data, products and services. For example, at the data level, it is recommended to gradually promote market-oriented operations so that more companies with compliant data are willing to join, meet the actual needs of financial institutions on the chain, and quickly establish a service ecosystem; at the product level, it is recommended that both supply and demand parties "pair up" ", strengthen program research and accelerate application implementation, encourage pilot trials, explore models suitable for the "Yangtze River Delta Credit Information Chain", and develop credit information products with the characteristics of the credit information chain.

"You can add operator-specific data to the credit chain to help financial institutions grasp an enterprise's credit information in an all-round and multi-dimensional manner." Xie Jie suggested. According to him, Tianyi Credit Information can rely on its parent company, China Telecom, to mine and apply the operator's own supply chain data. "We proposed the concept of supply chain credit for the first time, integrating and complementing existing public data to form new capabilities. In the future, we will cooperate with on-chain financial institutions to better provide inclusive financial services to small and medium-sized enterprises." He express.

"The platform has achieved good results with the support and supervision of the People's Bank of China and the public welfare positioning of various credit reporting agencies. In the next step, it can be combined with the current operating status of the credit reporting chain platform to carry out effective and reasonable Market-oriented operation enables the platform to develop sustainably and soundly." Deng Zhongwei said, "In the actual development of business, all lines and departments of the bank have contacted a large number of data service providers. The next step is to conduct market-oriented exploration and build on the existing Strengthen exploration based on data, emphasize the authenticity, accuracy, timeliness and special characteristics of data, and improve the added value of data mining and model processing."

In addition, some organizations have suggested using blockchain intelligence The contract schedules privacy computing tasks to meet the application requirementsThe intelligence, credibility and stability of layer services will ultimately form a sustainable business ecosystem among participants in the credit chain.

⑵ Di Gang: The central bank is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain

On September 10, the 2021 China (Beijing) Digital Finance Forum was held in Lize Financial Business District, Fengtai District, Beijing hold. Di Gang, deputy director of the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China, delivered a keynote speech at the parallel forum "Blockchain Empowers High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy". He said that the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China is actively exploring the application of digital RMB blockchain. At the issuance layer, a unified distributed ledger is built based on the blockchain, which improves the efficiency of reconciliation; at the same time, the blockchain has certain advantages in solving trust issues, and technical decentralization does not mean management decentralization.

Di Gang believes that the application of blockchain in the financial field mainly includes two aspects: endogenous improvement and external empowerment: in terms of endogenous improvement, there are supply chain finance, agricultural finance, trade finance and general public finance. Beneficial finance and other applications; in terms of external empowerment, financial institutions have also provided better blockchain application services in areas such as smart cities, "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and people's livelihood.

According to reports, the Digital Currency Research Institute has actively strengthened the construction of the blockchain standard system and has led multiple domestic and foreign standardization organization working groups and standardization projects to promote the formulation of blockchain standards.

Regarding the application of blockchain technology, Di Gang proposed four major principles: talk less about subversion, talk more about scenario applications, use technology to solve industry pain points; be rational and pragmatic, and integrate various mature and advanced technologies to achieve results Optimal, this is also the starting point for adopting a mixed technology architecture for digital RMB research and development; technology is neutral; neither overestimate nor underestimate blockchain, solving problems is the starting point for applying blockchain technology.

In order to empower the high-quality development of digital finance, Di Gang believes that the current blockchain can achieve breakthroughs in eight aspects, including increasing basic theoretical research, mastering core technologies, and formulating core technical standards.

⑶ How much do you know about "digital currency"

There is a big difference between the RMB digital currency and foreign Bitcoin. The emergence of RMB digital currency will greatly reduce China’s economic fraud crime rate.

There is no distribution center for Bitcoin. The only way to obtain Bitcoin is mining. I don’t know what the meaning of mining is. It consumes electricity and computer resources.

The RMB digital currency has a distribution center, and the issuance volume is controllable, which can effectively respond to violent fluctuations in the value of the digital currency. Digital currency is equal in value to the paper currency we issue.

The spread of Bitcoin must go through the Internet and cannot be separated from digital wallets.

The RMB digital currency can be traded offline. You only need to put two mobile devices together to conduct transactions.

The spread of Bitcoin is anonymous and cannot be traced.

The spread of RMB digital currency is anonymous and traceable. Since it is traceable, digital currency crimes can be prevented to the greatest extent. If someone loses their digital currency and it is used by someone else, they can still track who used the money.

The control of Bitcoin is in the hands of private trading platforms at home and abroad. If financial risks occur, the central bank cannot control these trading platforms.

The control of the RMB is in the hands of the central bank. Once any risk situation is discovered, the central bank can take control in a timely manner.

Recently, the Agricultural Bank of China’s internal testing of the central bank’s digital currency DC/EP triggered heated discussions on the Internet. So, what exactly is digital currency? Today, I will give you a brief introduction.

1. Definition of digital currency

Digital currency can be understood as digital RMB, DC, Digital Currency, which is digital currency; EP, Electronic Payment, which is electronic payment. It is to replace cash by encrypted digital form with electronic payment function. In short, the essence of digital currency is electronic payment based on national credit.

The digital currency launched by the central bank does not refer to the digitization of currency under the existing monetary system, but the launch of a new encrypted electronic currency system based on new Internet technologies, especially blockchain technology. This is undoubtedly a Major changes in the market currency system.

2. Advantages of digital currency

Compared with cash, digital currency eliminates the need for physical banknotes, saving the manufacturing and storage costs of banknotes. At the same time, digital currency will also bring more convenience to people’s lives.

According to industry insiders’ predictions, the central bank’s digital currency will be realized based on the DC/EP personal wallet APP. Unlike our existing bank APP, DC/EP is independent of the existing account system and does not need to be bound to any bank account. However, industry insiders predict that the most likely way to achieve this is to set up independent digital currency units and accounts in the bank APP.

3. Differences from Alipay and WeChat Pay

In terms of user experience, although digital currency is similar to Alipay and WeChat Pay, they all use mobile phones for payment. However, using the central bank’s digital currency to pay is actually the same as using cash; Alipay and WeChat Pay still use bank cards bound to individuals. It is understood that when using digital currency, no network or bank account is required. As long as the mobile phone is equipped with a DC/EP digital wallet, the transfer function can be realized by touching the two mobile phones. It is called "dual offline payment" for both parties. ". From a long-term perspective, issuing digital currency is also a shortcut to the internationalization of the RMB. At the same time, digital currency can also meet people's anonymous payment needs, while Alipay and WeChat payment must be real-name payments.. More importantly, the two have different credit bases and different effectiveness. The central bank's digital currency is legal tender and has national credit, while WeChat Pay and Alipay are just payment methods, behind which are bank commercial credit. Digital RMB does not need to be bound to any bank account and gets rid of the control of traditional bank accounts. In other words, if an institution or individual does not accept Alipay or WeChat payment, there is no legal problem; but it is illegal to refuse users to pay with digital currency.

4. Digital Currency Trial

According to the central bank’s disclosure, the promotion of digital currency will be divided into two phases. By the end of 2019 A small-scale scene closure pilot will be implemented on a large scale in Shenzhen in 2020. At present, the digital renminbi has been undergoing internal closed pilot testing in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xiongan, and Chengdu. Although the central bank’s digital currency has been piloted in many places, the central bank disclosed that this does not mean that the digital currency has officially landed. Industry insiders said that because digital currency is a substitute for cash and involves complex management and operation systems, it currently does not have the conditions to be promoted nationwide.

5. The development prospects of digital currency

Digital currency should start from replacing banknotes and coins in circulation with digital currency, but it does not want to replace all RMB. The balance in a commercial bank account actually already exists in digital form, and there is no need to replace it. In other words, we can replace 100 yuan of cash in circulation with digital currency equivalent to 100 yuan. Even if the central bank's digital currency DC/EP is launched, digital currency will not be able to completely replace cash for a long time, and the two will coexist for a long time. Digital currency can be used as a supplement to the payment method for people's daily consumption. China's move towards a "cashless society" is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight.

In layman’s terms, digital currency is a kind of virtual money. If we really want to define it, it is a virtual special product that can measure the price of general commodities.

1. The emergence of digital currency. The production of digital currency uses an information digital technology called blockchain technology. No printing is required, it is generated directly through the information network, no resources such as paper are consumed, and the production cost is low. Since it is produced without paper, it is not easy to be counterfeited.

2. Functional attributes of digital currency. It has three functional attributes of general currency: first, it can measure the price of general goods or services; second, it can be used to purchase goods and services; third, it has credit.

At the same time, there are three unique characteristics of digital currency: First, it is virtual and has no entity. Although the digital format can be seen, it cannot be touched; second, it is decentralized. What's the meaning? It has two meanings: firstFirst, in theory, its production and issuance are not controlled by any unique individual or institution, and are self-operating, avoiding the thought of controlling currency or monetary systems; second, all its transaction records are not recorded in a central place of management , but recorded on multiple nodes of the currency system. In this way, it is difficult for any individual or institution to tamper with and destroy transaction records, thereby avoiding the occurrence of financial crimes; The third is high anonymity. This means that both parties to the transaction can conduct transactions without knowing each other's identity, which can effectively protect personal privacy or meet the needs of people who require anonymous payments.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of digital currency. The advantages are that production does not consume resources, the cost is low, it is easy to carry and store, and it is not easy to be damaged; it is relatively safe and difficult to imitate; payment can be contact-free and digital payment is used to avoid the spread of germs; the disadvantage is that it needs to run in a digital information network and cannot be used alone There is no feeling when using it. It is not suitable for the elderly and children.

4. The unique characteristics of my country’s central bank’s digital currency. The central bank’s digital currency is my country’s upcoming digital currency and is currently undergoing pilot internal testing in Suzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen and Xiongan. In addition to the characteristics of all digital currencies, it also has its own unique characteristics: First, it will be issued and managed by the People's Bank of China. It is legal currency, has national credit, and is indebted to the state. This is different from ordinary digital currencies. We said earlier that general digital currencies are not issued and managed by a unique center, but for a country's legal currency, if there is no unified issuance and management by the country, it will be chaotic, so it still needs to be issued and managed by the central bank. ; Second, electronic payment can be made directly. The English abbreviation of the central bank's digital currency is DC/EP, where DC refers to digital currency and EP refers to electronic payment. Judging from the internal beta chart, it has functions such as scan code payment, remittance, collection and payment, and touch, which means that you can directly use digital currency to purchase goods or services. In addition, Pengpeng can also make payments without the Internet.

5. In addition, my country’s issuance of central bank digital currency is of great significance to the internationalization of the RMB, because my country is likely to be the first country in the world to launch a digital currency. , will gain the upper hand internationally. At the same time, the central bank's digital currency will be circulated together with banknotes and coins after its launch, so those who like to use cash don't have to worry too much.

First, the timeline

In 2014, the central bank established a special research group on legal digital currency;

In 2016, a digital currency research institute was established based on the original group;

In June 2018, Shenzhen Financial Technology Co., Ltd. was established;

In August 2019, the central government issued a document to launch digital currency research and mobile payment pilots in Shenzhen;

October 28, 2019Almost at the same time as Xiao Zha’s third hearing, Mr. Huang Qifan, Vice Chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, clearly pointed out that the People’s Bank of China is likely to be the first central bank in the world to launch a digital currency;

2019 On October 29, 2020, DCEP made its debut at the "2019 Bund Financial Summit";

On April 3, 2020, the central bank stated that it would "unswervingly promote the research and development of legal digital currency";

On April 10, 2020, a relevant person from the central bank pointed out that "regarding digital currency, the central bank is advancing in an orderly manner in accordance with the original plan";

On April 14, 2020, The central bank's digital currency DCEP was the first to be tested internally at the Agricultural Bank of China;

On April 16, 2020, the central bank's digital currency was the first to be implemented in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, replacing banknotes in issuing "wages", and at the same time launching a digital service export base.

Currently, as the first country in the world to launch digital currency, our country has taken the lead in future competition. The road is long and the journey is far-reaching.

First of all, it is an abstract logical transmission chain: blockchain - digital currency - RMB internationalization

First of all, when it comes to blockchain, everyone knows that blockchain is The underlying technology, the three core advantages of blockchain:

1. Decentralization, reducing links and improving efficiency.

2. Openness and transparency are conducive to mutual supervision and supervision.

3. Non-tamperability, ensuring the authenticity of transactions. On the one hand, digital currency is decentralized. A and B no longer need to go through banks to transfer money. Banks will assume other important functions, improve efficiency and save costs. At the same time, they can strengthen financial supervision and combat financial crimes. Last year the Politburo collectively studied blockchain, you know!

Next is the application scenario of blockchain. With the continuous development of technology, the application will inevitably accelerate in the future. At this stage, everyone is familiar with Bitcoin. Since central banks of various countries do not have the right to issue it, At the same time, Bitcoin has not been real-named, so it has not been recognized. The idea can be transformed. If it has the right to issue and can be transparently supervised to regulate the money supply of society, then the digital currency based on the blockchain will have a different impact on traditional currencies. A profound revolution, with the emergence of digital currency, the future is really not far from saying goodbye to paper money.

From a long-term perspective, the most important step is the internationalization of the RMB. At this time, the digital currencies launched by sovereign countries can be understood as starting from scratch without the US dollar, impacting the US dollar global settlement SWIFT system, breaking the The U.S. dollar's monopoly on international trade settlements and reshaping the international currency settlement system are largely a matter of national destiny!

Returning to the capital market, the concept of national will must be a gimmick. It has been speculated once before. Now if we consider sustainability, there are certain logical flaws at present. Although the central bank strongly promotes dataIt is a currency, but at present it is a state action. There are too few companies that have really benefited from the A-share market, so the fundamentals lack a support. News stimulation is inevitable, but you have to work hard to choose one.

1. The emergence of digital currency. The production of digital currency uses an information digital technology called blockchain technology. No printing is required, it is generated directly through the information network, no resources such as paper are consumed, and the production cost is low. Since it is produced without paper, it is not easy to be counterfeited.

2. Functional attributes of digital currency. It has three functional attributes of general currency: first, it can measure the price of general goods or services; second, it can be used to purchase goods and services; third, it has credit.

At the same time, there are three unique characteristics of digital currency: first, it is virtual and has no entity. Although the digital format can be seen, it cannot be touched; second, it is decentralized. What's the meaning? It has two meanings: first, in theory, its production and issuance are not controlled by any unique individual or institution, and are self-operating, avoiding the thought of controlling currency or monetary systems; second, all its transaction records are not records. In a central place of management, it is recorded on multiple nodes of the currency system. In this way, it is difficult for any individual or institution to tamper with and destroy transaction records, thereby avoiding the occurrence of financial crimes; third, high anonymity. This means that both parties to the transaction can conduct transactions without knowing each other's identity, which can effectively protect personal privacy or meet the needs of people who require anonymous payments.

3. The advantages and disadvantages of digital currency. The advantages are that production does not consume resources, the cost is low, it is easy to carry and store, and it is not easy to be damaged; it is relatively safe and difficult to imitate; payment can be contact-free and digital payment is used to avoid the spread of germs; the disadvantage is that it needs to run in a digital information network and cannot be used alone There is no feeling when using it. It is not suitable for the elderly and children.

4. The unique characteristics of my country’s central bank’s digital currency. The central bank’s digital currency is my country’s upcoming digital currency and is currently undergoing pilot internal testing in Suzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen and Xiongan. In addition to the characteristics of all digital currencies, it also has its own unique characteristics: First, it will be issued and managed by the People's Bank of China. It is legal tender, has national credit, and is indebted to the state. This is different from ordinary digital currencies. We said earlier that general digital currencies are not issued and managed by a unique center, but for a country's legal currency, if there is no unified issuance and management by the country, it will be chaotic, so it still needs to be issued and managed by the central bank. ; Second, electronic payment can be made directly. The English abbreviation of the central bank's digital currency is DC/EP, where DC refers to digital currency and EP refers to electronic payment. Judging from the internal beta chart, it has functions such as scan code payment, remittance, collection and payment, and touch, which means that you can directly use digital currency to purchase goods or services. In addition, Pengpeng can also make payments without the Internet.

5. In addition, my country’s issuance of central bank digital currency is of great significance to the internationalization of the RMB, because our country is likely to be the first in the world.A country that launches digital currency will take the lead internationally. At the same time, the central bank's digital currency will be circulated together with banknotes and coins after its launch, so those who like to use cash don't have to worry too much.

To put it simply, the People’s Bank of China’s digital currency is the electronic version of the RMB.

Speaking of digital currency, everyone’s first reaction may be Bitcoin or Facebook’s planned launch of Libra.

However, unlike these so-called digital currencies, the digital currency to be launched by the People's Bank of my country has national credit endorsement and can be said to be the electronic version of the RMB. Therefore, the People’s Bank of China’s digital currency is legally compensable.

More importantly, with state endorsement, the value of the People's Bank of China's digital currency will be more stable. However, the so-called virtual currencies such as Bitcoin cannot guarantee the stability of the currency value, and it is common for them to be "cut off".

From the perspective of usage scenarios, the People's Bank of China's digital currency does not pay interest and can be used in small-amount, retail, and high-frequency business scenarios. It is no different from paper currency. At the same time, all current regulations on cash management, anti-money laundering, and anti-terrorist financing should be followed when using it.

What are the benefits of digital RMB?

Low issuance costs and more convenient transactions...

RMB cash-based payments, transactions, anti-money laundering, etc. are becoming more and more difficult to manage in modern society, and the costs are also increasing. high. The issuance of digital currency can effectively solve the above problems.

At the same time, the Chinese version of digital currency does not need to be bound to any bank account, getting rid of the control of the traditional bank account system.

In addition, when the network signal is poor, the payment functions of online banking and payment platforms are often paralyzed, and DC/EP's dual offline technology can ensure that in extreme cases, like using banknotes, , using the People’s Bank of China’s digital currency. For example, in the absence of a network, as long as two mobile phones equipped with DC/EP digital wallets touch each other, the transfer or payment function can be realized.

Popularize professional knowledge on digital currency

Digital currency is a currency that exists in digital form and records value attribution and realizes value transfer based on the network. The IMF officially defines it as "a digital expression of value."

The digital currency issued by the central bank is referred to as DCEP.

The concept of digital currency is very broad, and blockchain-based (non-legal) encrypted digital currency is only one of them.

⑷ What is blockchain + credit reporting?

my country’s credit reporting industry is mainly based on corporate credit reporting. Personal credit reporting needs to be developed, and the overall market prospect is broad. my country's corporate credit reporting developed earlier and the market is relatively mature. By the end of 2016, there were approximately 137 corporate credit reporting agencies in my country that had completed registration. Personal credit reporting has not yet been operated in a market-oriented manner, and licenses have not yet been issued. Tencent Credit Reporting, Zhima Credit,Eight units, including Qianhai Credit Information, Lakala Credit Information, China Zhicheng Credit Information, China Chengxin Credit Information, Pengyuan Credit Information and Huadao Credit Information, participated in the personal credit investigation pilot organized by the central bank. Private personal credit reporting agencies can indirectly participate in the personal credit reporting market by cooperating with banks and other financial institutions, but they cannot directly issue personal credit reporting reports. Personal credit reporting reports can only be obtained through the central bank's credit reporting system. As of the end of June 2016, the Central Bank's Credit Reference Center had included 21.2 million companies and other organizations and more than 900 million natural persons, of which only 5.77 million households and 410 million natural persons had credit records. The data of global credit giant Experian has covered 103 million companies and 890 million people around the world. Comparing the market demand and the scale of the credit reporting market in the United States, my country's credit reporting market has huge room for future development.

The emergence of blockchain technology has become a good medicine to solve the pain points of the credit reporting industry. Through the characteristics of true transparency and non-tampering, blockchain technology can solve the problems of trust and data sharing between credit reporting agencies, thereby solving problems such as data islands and incomplete data. By establishing a consortium chain, first of all, the problem of data confirmation can be solved be completely resolved. In a consortium chain system, relevant units in the chain such as credit reporting agencies, users, government departments, and financial institutions can all join in, and different access permissions can be designed to ensure data ownership while opening up information sharing and It can protect data security from being stolen and leaked.

On this basis, the channels for credit reporting agencies to obtain data have been greatly broadened, which can save the cost of data collection; at the same time, collaboration between different agencies has become smoother, reducing collaboration costs and communication costs. Credit reporting agencies can invest the various costs saved in other links to improve the overall quality of products.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the only “blockchain technology workstation” approved by the “Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo Innovation Workstation” launched by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. "Technical Professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

⑸ Is it true that there are people promoting digital credit on the Internet now? They say it is issued by the People’s Bank of China under the banner of the country. Is it credible? They also say March 15th

After Digital currencies represented by Bitcoin are booming, and we believe this is mainly due to some investors’ recognition of its “digital gold” properties. A more accurate name for this currency should be cryptocurrency, which is a digital currency created based on a certain encryption algorithm. As of February 18, 2021, the top two cryptocurrencies in the world by market capitalization are Bitcoin and Ethereum. We believe that the popularity of cryptocurrency mainly stems from the recognition of its value by some international investors, that is, cryptocurrency is in an ideal state: 1) It can be used for global payment transactions, with anonymous transactions and low cost; 2) There is no warehousing cost; 3 ) has no institution orOrganization determines circulation. For example, the Bitcoin protocol limits the total supply, so it has the properties of value preservation and anti-inflation similar to "gold". However, it should be noted that there are regulatory risks in the decentralization of cryptocurrency; the value of cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology is unstable; and it is difficult for a blockchain-based payment network to achieve the number of transactions per second required in real life. Different from the encrypted digital currencies designed and promoted by American non-governmental organizations, the digital renminbi (DC/EP) developed by the People's Bank of China is an electronic cash based on national credit and has the status of legal tender. 1) In recent years, the development of the digital economy has accelerated. The introduction of digital currency is to connect the needs of residents, enterprises and financial institutions in the digital economy era. 2) The central bank’s digital renminbi is an electronic renminbi, not a paper currency renminbi. Compared with cash and bank card payment, it is more convenient and has the status of legal tender (that is, the national credit behind it) compared with third-party payment. 3) Through the central bank’s digital currency wallet, both parties to the transaction can achieve point-to-point currency transactions and dual offline payments without the need for a middleman to achieve privacy protection. 4) Facebook and other organizations plan to promote the stable currency Libra (a borderless global currency payment system), which may have an unknown impact on the legal currencies of various countries. After the central bank launches digital currency, we believe that the form of financial services may change, and the digital capabilities of financial institutions may be an important factor in future market competition. After the central bank launches digital currency, the form of financial services provided by financial institutions may change, including not only the transformation of infrastructure and service channels by financial institutions, but also the reshaping of business processes such as payment, deposits and loans, financial management, and risk control. These trends have begun to appear since 2013 (the first year of Internet finance). We believe that the launch of digital currency-central bank will accelerate this process, and more banking institutions will be deeply involved, not just Internet companies. Although the central bank of digital currency itself will not affect the competitive landscape of the industry, all institutions are once again on the same starting line when it comes to how to connect with the central bank of digital currency, a new system, and how to deal with the uncertainties brought by digital currency. We believe that in addition to competitive driving factors such as channels, scenarios, data utilization, product research and development, and infrastructure construction. , the importance of digital capabilities in future market competition has significantly increased. We believe that innovation and regulation will present a dynamic balance. We continue to pay attention to the impact of the development of digital currency on the financial industry and the risks it may bring, including data security and privacy protection, ownership of data assets, new financial risks, etc.

⑹ Will central bank digital currency rise? Digital currency will affect the future. Will paper money disappear?

Central bank digital currency will rise. Digital currency will affect the future. Will paper money disappear?

In theory, digital currency will inevitably disappear in the future. It will replace paper money in circulation in the market, and paper money will complete its historical mission and slowly disappear without a trace, becoming a piece of history. However, this requires a long and slow process, and we may not be able to wait until that day.
Currently, the worldNo country has yet fully realized paperless transactions. Some small developed countries are trying paperless transactions and have made certain achievements, but they have not been fully realized. Our country has a vast territory and different regions have different levels of economic development, which will make it more difficult to achieve.
However, domestic applied digital currencies are also booming. Puyin Group launched the standard digital currency Puyin, which has the credit endorsement of tea assets.

How will the central bank’s digital currency replace paper money and its impact on ordinary people?

In theory, it is possible, but that is just a good vision and remains theoretical. The ideal is full and the reality is backbone. Digital currencies will need to go through a slow and bumpy process to replace fiat currencies. First of all, the popularization of digital currency must require the improvement of corresponding infrastructure, the great improvement of my country's economic development level, and the formation of people's behavioral habits. The central bank is also interested in digital currency, but this digital currency is more of a digital currency of the yuan. There are natural differences between the design principles of Bitcoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card.

Will the central bank issue digital currency in the future?

The central bank only plans to issue digital currency. The specific time has not yet been determined. However, some relevant people said that the time for the central bank to issue digital currency is not yet mature, and it will be at least ten years later. .
*** pointed out that digital currency as legal tender must be issued by the central bank. The issuance, circulation and trading of digital currency should follow the integration of traditional currency and digital currency and implement the same principles of management. This means that Q Coin, Bitcoin, Ruitai Coin, Weimeng Coin, etc. will definitely not work.
As for whether to use blockchain technology to create digital currency. *** said that blockchain technology is an optional technology, but so far blockchain still takes up too many resources. Whether it is computing resources or storage resources, it cannot cope with the current transaction scale. Can it be solved in the future? Still have to watch. *** stated that in addition to blockchain technology, the People's Bank of China's digital currency research team has also conducted in-depth research on other related technologies involved in digital currency, such as mobile payments, trusted and controllable cloud computing, cryptographic algorithms, security chips, etc.

If the central bank issues digital currency, will paper money still be useful?

After the central bank issues digital currency, paper money will continue to circulate in the market, and paper money will run parallel to digital currency. Just like many people are now using Alipay and WeChat Pay, paper money is still the mainstream payment method, and the same will be true for the central bank's version of digital currency in the future.
The central bank’s version of digital currency will first be applied to the bill market. The central bank’s version of digital currency has the attributes of currency and is endorsed by the central bank’s credit.
Recently, Puyin Group also launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency. Puyin is a standard digital currency issued through encrypted digitalization of high-quality Tibetan tea assets that have been warehousing, appraised, evaluated and confirmed by three parties.

The central bank will promote digital currency. What will it be like to spend digital currency?

Now that we are in the era of "digital currency discovery", digital currency willIt is the gold of the Internet era. In fact, many companies such as UnionPay and Alibaba have also announced research into blockchain technology. "In the future, it is possible to achieve full digitization. For example, scan-code payment developed in combination with third-party payment will eliminate the need to use cash for transactions."

What are the benefits of the central bank striving to issue digital currency as soon as possible< p> Issuing digital currency can effectively reduce the high cost of issuance and circulation of traditional banknotes, improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions; it can reduce illegal and criminal activities such as money laundering and tax evasion, and enhance the central bank’s control over currency supply and currency circulation. It will better support economic and social development and help realize inclusive finance; it will help build new financial infrastructure, further improve the payment system, improve payment and settlement efficiency, and promote economic quality, efficiency and upgrading.

The central bank is trying to implement legal digital currency. Will banknotes be replaced in the future?

If the soup is changed but not the medicine, the form of banknotes depends on the development trend of the times. If you really want to replace legal currency, I believe the central government’s attitude is still very determined. Just look at Bitcoin.

How to join the central bank’s digital currency

From commodity currency to later credit currency, the digital currency and Bitcoin planned by the central bank to promote the improvement and efficiency of the economy are all very necessary, and they are all adapted to human business society The natural selection of development and the replacement of new products are the general trend. Digital currencies such as DECENT are different. Digital currencies are issued and replaced by new technologies. The People's Bank of China held a digital currency seminar. Paper currency has low technical content. On January 20 this year, for financial infrastructure Construction and establishment of circulation system. As a currency of the previous generation, currency has always been accompanied by technological progress and cost, but it may be applied to blockchain technology. Especially with the development of the Internet, it has been proposed to strive for the early launch of digital currencies issued by the central bank. In an interview with the media, the governor of the central bank, ***, also said that the central bank has actually begun to study digital currencies very early. Judging from the historical development trend, it has evolved from the early development of physical currency and economic activities, and has undergone tremendous changes in terms of security and global payment methods.
But, Litecoin.
Previously

The so-called need to be cautious when joining the central bank’s digital currency. The central bank has never issued a legal digital currency.
(1) The Monetary and Financial Bureau of the People’s Bank of China released the “Risk Warning on Fraudulent Use of the Name of the People’s Bank of China to Issue or Promote Digital Currency” on its official website, stating that individual companies have fraudulently used the name of the People’s Bank of China to label relevant digital products “ "Authorized issuance by the People's Bank of China", or falsely claiming that the central bank issued a digital currency promotion team in an attempt to deceive the public and take the opportunity to make huge profits.
(2) The central bank stated that it has not yet issued legal digital currency, nor has it authorized any institution or enterprise to issue legal digital currency, and it has no promotion team. Currently, the so-called “digital currencies” on the market are not legal digital currencies. launched by some institutions and enterprisesThe so-called "digital currency" and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid schemes and fraud.
(3) The central bank emphasized that my country’s legal currency is RMB. RMB is uniformly printed and issued by the People's Bank of China. All public and private debts within the territory of our country shall be paid in RMB, and no unit or individual may refuse to accept it. The general public is requested to establish a correct concept of currency, take good care of the RMB, and jointly maintain the normal circulation order of the RMB.

How to obtain central bank digital currency

I don’t know where this question comes from.
So far, no central bank has issued a digital currency.
Even if it is issued in the future, it will be just another form of banknotes. It is fundamentally different from virtual currencies such as Bitcoin in financial derivatives or more traditional digital currencies such as E-glod. The market will not be allowed to hype its concept!

⑺ How to effectively promote the innovative application of blockchain technology in the financial field

On February 24, the China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the fifth meeting of the 13th CPPCC National Committee No. 03009 ( Letter of reply to the proposal of Finance, Taxation and Finance No. 199. Proposed: According to the "Notice on Issuing the National Blockchain Innovation Application Pilot List" by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the People's Bank of China and the China Securities Regulatory Commission actively cooperated with the Cyberspace Administration of China to carry out the pilot work of the National Blockchain Innovation Application and took the lead in establishing the pilot list. Huaitai has established national pilot projects in the characteristic fields of "blockchain + equity market" and "blockchain + trade finance" to effectively promote the innovative application of blockchain technology in the financial field.
With the encouragement and support of multiple policies and financial regulatory authorities, it means that electronic signatures will become a digital business processing tool for financial institutions to realize online business. In the future, electronic signatures and electronic contracts have become the general trend!
Ebaoquan’s brand Junzizhuan, as a professional blockchain electronic signing platform in China, has been committed to creating a one-stop full ecological financial closed-loop service for financial institutions for many years, from signing to depositing certificates to lending. A complete set of mature, reliable and secure blockchain electronic contract solutions helps financial institutions reduce costs and increase efficiency while improving risk management and control capabilities and effectively promoting the development of online business.
In addition to mature and reliable solutions, Junzi Sign has also successfully applied blockchain technology in the financial industry.
At present, the Junzi Signing Platform has established cooperation with many large domestic banks and achieved efficient business development.
Open up the Internet courts, notary offices, judicial appraisal centers, arbitration committees and other authoritative institutions to create a judicial support service system in Qiangming Town, which can provide complete evidence storage, evidence consolidation and evidence production services. Compared with paper contracts, it has More rigorous and safe legal effect.

⑻ Is it a good idea for the central bank to establish a "blockchain bank"?

Theoretically, this is a good idea, which can better regulate people's use of blockchain technology.
From the perspective of blockchain technology development, it can be divided into three stages: the first stage is encrypted currency, transfer, remittance and digitalThe application of digital currencies such as payment systems; the second phase is the application of broader asset targets such as encrypted stocks, bonds, futures, loans, smart assets and smart contracts; the third phase will be in government, health, science, culture and art Wait for some applications. At present, the application of blockchain technology is only in the process from the first phase to the second phase. Currently, blockchain banking services include: 1. P2P cross-border payment and remittance for point-to-point transactions, trade settlement, and securities, futures, and financial derivatives Contract sales, etc. 2. Registration. Blockchain has a reliable database to record various information, and the stored anti-money laundering customer identity information and transaction records are credible and traceable. 3. Confirm rights. Procedures such as the identification of rights in registration and transfer matters in the equity legal system can be realized through blockchain technology. 4. Intelligent management. Since the "smart contract" can automatically detect the validity and meet the program conditions, the contract will automatically process interest payments and dividends, avoiding the risk of credit default caused by human intervention. GSN Social Bank - the establishment of decentralized credit
Theoretically speaking, the credit establishment mechanism of blockchain is likely to be lower than the establishment cost of centralized credit in terms of global costs. This is in line with The trend of global market evolution!

The significance of GSN social banking is to establish a distributed, point-to-point, open and transparent trust system with technical guarantee. As a global distributed database, GSN stores data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about each network transaction and is used to verify the validity and authenticity of the information.

GSN delivers value through technical architecture, making every recorded transaction absolutely trustworthy and cannot be tampered with. From this point of view, the subversive significance of GSN lies in the establishment of a decentralized, open and transparent trust system guaranteed by technology. GSN no longer relies on a central node, but automatically realizes trust and delivers value through the technical architecture. This is the advantage of GSN.

⑼ The investment opportunities behind the central bank’s digital currency “DCEP”

In 2014, the central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan proposed research on legal digital currency.

In 2017, the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China was officially established and began research on legal digital currency.

In 2019, the central bank held a meeting and requested to accelerate the research and application of DCEP.

In October 2020, Shenzhen sent out 10 million digital currencies for free and conducted regular application tests of DCEP.

In the two sessions held in 2021, digital currency was independently written into the report of the two sessions.

Central bank digital currency is completely different from blockchain currencies such as Bitcoin. Borrowing the concept of "digits", it is a substitute for cash currency. does not use blockchainThe technology is still a product of centralization. Central bank digital currency is the fastest-growing central bank-level digital currency in the world. What is the significance of the implementation of central bank digital currency?

Accelerate the internationalization of the RMB. The currency used in the world's current trade settlement system is the U.S. dollar, and the tool used is the Swift system led by the United States. The digitization of RMB can penetrate the settlement system from another field and angle. Backed by the country's credit, dcep has certain usage scenarios in the payment and trade fields.

More effectively influence monetary policy. With the help of big data and digitization, the central bank's monetary policy can go directly to the terminal, reducing the impact of intermediate links.

Collect currency flow data in real time. Understand economic development changes more effectively and formulate more appropriate policies.

Use big data to conduct anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism.

Listed banking IT companies will significantly benefit from the transformation of the banking system brought about by digital currency and other application markets. Changliang Technology has conducted regular research and technical preparations on central bank digital currency, and established a project organization related to blockchain. Yuxin Technology Company is a leading company in financial IT services, mainly engaged in providing information services to financial institutions, mainly banks.