区块链60讲49,区块链885757

区块链技术：区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它使用一种叫做“区块链”的分布式账本技术来存储和管理数据。区块链是一种分布式数据库，它可以在不同的节点上存储和管理数据，而不需要任何中央服务器。它使用加密技术来验证数据的真实性，确保数据的安全性，并确保数据不会被篡改。

智能合约：智能合约是一种在区块链上运行的代码，它可以自动执行由发行者定义的条件。智能合约可以在不同的节点上运行，并且可以在不同的网络中自动执行。智能合约可以用来自动执行合同，执行金融交易，管理数据，执行投票等等。它的优点是可以节省时间和费用，而且可以自动执行，确保双方的权益。

去中心化：去中心化是区块链技术的核心理念，它是一种不需要中央服务器的分布式网络。去中心化的网络可以让用户自己控制自己的数据，而不需要依赖中央服务器。去中心化的网络可以让用户拥有更多的自主权，确保数据的安全性和隐私性。去中心化的网络还可以让用户参与到网络的管理中，让每个人都可以参与到网络的管理中，更好地保护用户的权益。

A. What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. .

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(1) Extended reading of the 57th issue of blockchain note:

Three characteristics of the three blockchains:

1. The core idea of ​​the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring recognition. The result is recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a severe hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. "The Economist" gave a vivid metaphor to the blockchain: simply put, it is "a machine that creates trust." Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

B. Does anyone know what potential the blockchain industry has?

Basic overview of blockchain

Blockchain technology has been used as a A technical solution to collectively maintain a reliable database in a centralized manner, with the ability to decentralizeCentralized, tamper-proof, and highly scalable, it is becoming another emerging technology that will have a significant impact on the future after big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and other technologies, and is expected to promote humankind's progress from the information Internet era. Entering the era of value Internet.

The United States, Japan and some countries and regions in the European Union have elevated the development of blockchain to an important national development strategy and vigorously promoted the research and development, application and promotion of blockchain technology. Our country also attaches great importance to blockchain technology innovation and industrial development. With the joint participation of IT and other companies, a large number of new companies, new products, new models, and new applications have emerged. Blockchain has been widely used in finance, government affairs, energy, and medical care. Applications in other industries are gradually unfolding, and it is becoming an important force driving technological product innovation and industrial transformation in various industries.

Blockchain development is divided into three stages, namely Blockchain 1.0 represented by Bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and Blockchain 2.0 represented by smart contracts. , is currently gradually moving towards the blockchain 3.0 stage, which is based on blockchain technology and has in-depth application of more complex smart contracts.

Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year

Since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in my country’s blockchain field have increased dramatically. According to statistics from the "In-depth Analysis Report on Business Model Innovation and Investment Opportunities in the Blockchain Industry" released by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the financing amount in the blockchain field was approximately 10.7 billion, a year-on-year growth rate of 1,426 billion compared with the same period in 2017. %; The number of investment and financing events in the blockchain field reached 205. It is expected that investment in the blockchain field will usher in another peak this year.

Judging from the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China’s blockchain field, early-stage investment rounds (before Series B) account for more than 95%, with many industry pioneers participating in the investment, and most companies are still Horse racing and enclosure.

Blockchain investment and financing statistics and growth from 2014 to the first half of 2018

Data source: Compiled by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute

The industry is small in scale but has huge growth potential

The blockchain economy is currently on the eve of an explosion. It is widely used in the financial industry, and applications in other industries have also entered the exploration and research and development stage. It is expected that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US$410 million to US$7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. It is expected that various blockchain-based extended businesses will reach US$100 billion in 2020.

Industrial application fields continue to expand

The financial industry is the first to apply blockchain technology, and many financial applications have been implemented; the medical industry is an important area of ​​blockchain application and can be more It is good to protect privacy and improve service quality and management efficiency; the demand for blockchain in social forensics is rising rapidly to solve certification problems caused by information asymmetry; the application of blockchain technology in other fields such as communications and supply chain is rapidly expanding .

C. How to remove counterfeiting in blockchainPreserve the truth

The era of barbaric growth is coming, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for the blockchain.
In recent years, blockchain has gradually developed into a hot topic. Especially in 2018, which has just entered, the concept of "blockchain" has appeared frequently in the business world. So what exactly is blockchain? Why is Liang Shiqiao, an entrepreneur and capitalist, so concerned?
Previously, many people thought that there was an equal relationship between blockchain and Bitcoin, but after in-depth understanding, they discovered , this is a wrong idea. To put it bluntly, blockchain is a distributed ledger, and Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to improve itself.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology, just like a country. In this country, the distribution of data information and rights between people is the same, and there is no falsification of data. It is possible and impossible to lose. The two major advantages of sharing mechanism and value exchange are the power of blockchain.
Is blockchain becoming a new trend after Bitcoin?
As early as 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published an article titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" on the forum. The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the article.
However, there have been constant controversies since the emergence of Bitcoin. The loudest opponents are Warren Buffett and Robert Shiller. Buffett, known as the "Stock God", made it clear that Bitcoin "will definitely not have a good outcome in the end." Of course, there are also voices of support. Wall Street tycoon Jamie Dimon believed that Bitcoin was a scam a year ago, but now he has overturned his previous view and believes that blockchain is real. Regardless of the final outcome, the development of Bitcoin has attracted more and more attention in recent years.
In 2013, Bitcoin skyrocketed 100 times from being worthless at the beginning. However, in the next two years, Bitcoin showed a sharp decline again. In 2014, it fell by no less than 70%. In 2015, it fell by more than 20% again. By 2016, Bitcoin entered an upward stage, and by 2017, it was resurrected. This roller coaster development not only brought losses to people, but also attracted more attention to the blockchain.
People love and hate Bitcoin. When Bitcoin becomes popular, as the core foundation and underlying architecture of Bitcoin, blockchain is gradually attracting people's attention. Blockchain is the key to supporting the formation of Bitcoin. The reason why Bitcoin can achieve such results is inseparable from the blockchain. Since every transaction in Bitcoin is recorded in a block-by-block ledger, this ledger is decentralized, and the blockchain serves as the "role" of the Bitcoin ledger. Bitcoin can be said to be the best application of blockchain, bar none.
Some time ago, Xue Manzi acquired this domain name, and in this transaction, Xue Manzi used Bitcoin to complete the transaction. This incident caused quite a stir in the circle. Recently, the frequency of use of Bitcoin in domain name transactions has been increasing, and what caused this phenomenon is the importance that capitalists attach to blockchain.
Previously, blockThe blockchain is only used by Bitcoin, but in recent years, as Bitcoin gradually spreads around the world, blockchain has begun to be applied in various projects, such as Ant Financial, JD.com, Internet, and Tencent, etc. have gradually begun to Apply blockchain technology. The authenticity and non-tampering nature of blockchain makes its application in other projects such as public welfare even more convenient. For example, Ant Financial has applied blockchain technology in "Hearing-impaired Children Regain a New Life", Tencent has launched the "Public Welfare Tracing Chain" and so on. By 2017, blockchain has begun to be widely used and has gradually formed a new trend.
The era of barbaric growth is coming, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for the blockchain
There is this sentence in Dickens's "A Tale of Two Cities": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was wisdom. This is an era of stupidity. People have all kinds of things in front of them, and people have nothing in front of them; people are going straight to heaven, and people are going straight to hell." Just like the blockchain, if you do it well, you will be the pioneer who participates in the changes of the times. Do it poorly and you will perish.
Today, the blockchain is facing such a situation: the rapidly developing society and the emerging enterprises have brought many possibilities to the blockchain, which has attracted more attention and accelerated the development of the blockchain industry. The enterprise application of blockchain may usher in a new era.
Blockchain can be roughly divided into three types: private chain, alliance chain and public chain. Each blockchain corresponds to different scenario applications. The most critical difference between these blockchains is the degree of decentralization. Limit scope. Blockchain is also widely used due to its distributed recording of data, data cannot be tampered with, and is open and transparent. Different from the transmission of information on the Internet, the blockchain is the transmission of value, which can be said to be an upgrade of the Internet. Based on this, blockchain is considered to be another central technology that is very likely to cause a disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, and the Internet.
But the blockchain is not omnipotent:
Firstly, there is delay in the blockchain. Take transactions in Bitcoin as an example. Its effectiveness is affected by network propagation and takes ten minutes to complete. Be informed and recognized;
Secondly, the blockchain itself does not have the two functions of "modify" and "delete", which makes post-processing very troublesome if errors occur when recording data.
In addition to its own limitations, in the face of the complex enterprise market, blockchain, which has gradually become the new darling of the market, has also led to a series of "accidents" such as "coin speculation" and "pseudo-blockchain". .
In September last year, the country had banned the trading of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin and ICO, but the strong money-making effect has brought the currency speculation boom back to people's attention. First, Xunlei launched Wankecoin (now called LinkToken) in October, then Renren released the blockchain project "Renrenfang" and the token RRcoin, and Kodak launched Kodak Coin. Many companies have entered the blockchain development industry. currency, which makes the phenomenon of "coin speculation" sweep across again.
At present, there are many money-making projects on the market, and companies are in the application market of blockchain.There is a mixed bag of good and bad, and it is difficult for investors to distinguish between good and bad projects, and there may even be situations where bad money drives out good money. In the market, "processing" of public data has become a social norm. For example, in order to attract more consumers and capitalists, companies will modify the data they publish accordingly to attract users to choose and Corporate investment.
In addition, some companies are trying to make money in the name of blockchain. After seeing the benefits brought by blockchain, some companies rushed to enter the market before they understood the operation of blockchain in order to be the first to enter this trend and obtain high profits; some even used blockchain gimmicks to do so. Make money wantonly and retreat quickly after obtaining high profits. This blind application of blockchain has caused some companies that really want to apply and develop blockchain to gradually withdraw from the market, while some companies that mainly focus on making money are still active in the market, which has greatly affected the development of blockchain. normal development trajectory.
Although the blockchain has the core technology to create new trends, because it is still in its infancy and is not mature enough in all aspects, it will still bring about various problems such as "coin speculation", which have become obstacles to the blockchain stumbling blocks to chain development.
Will the increase in entrants accelerate the bursting of the blockchain bubble?
Relevant data shows that from November 2015 to December 2017, the growth rate of blockchain-related occupations reached 631%. However, in this huge data, there are some companies that join the blockchain ranks with the mentality of "getting a quick buck and leaving", which disrupts the normal development of blockchain in the market and further promotes the bursting of the blockchain bubble. 's appearance.
Different from previous years, blockchain has developed very well in recent years, and its application scope has expanded to various fields such as finance, education, government, cloud computing, medical care, and insurance. As the number of entrants gradually increased, many irrationalities appeared in blockchain applications, causing batches of contestants to withdraw.
Recently, a WeChat group called "Blockchain without Sleep at Three O'Clock" has aroused heated discussion. In this group, some well-known people from the industry gathered to talk about blockchain and Bitcoin day and night. Have an in-depth discussion. Among this group of people, blockchain has basically become their “belief”. It seems that if you don’t understand blockchain, you will be eliminated by the times. This kind of blindly following the trend reflects not only people's anxiety about the development of the times, but also the market's strong demand for blockchain. Furthermore, the recent popularity of blockchain concept stocks has triggered more and more investors to enter the blockchain market, causing the blockchain market to expand rapidly and create bubbles.
Furthermore, since the blockchain is still in its infancy, there are still many aspects that need to be improved. At this time, it is tentative for companies and investors to enter the blockchain. Blockchain, a technology with revolutionary significance for the times, still needs to be gradually developed. Moving forward rashly will only push the blockchain that is originally on the right track further.
Regarding the understanding of the development of blockchain, Gartner consulting firm has made relevant analysis earlier: a new technology basically goes through five stages, namely the embryonic stage., popular expansion period, bubble bursting period, upward recovery period, and maturity period. According to Gartner's analysis in 2016, blockchain is already in a period of inflated expectations. At this time, it is in a period when the bubble is about to burst, and it will take 5 to 10 years before blockchain reaches maturity. .
Will blockchain become the key to the era of change?
2017 can be said to be the year of the explosion of blockchain, with various capitals getting involved in blockchain. Although it has brought many problems to the market, the role of blockchain in market development cannot be ignored. Recently, "Three Questions about Blockchain (Economic Hotspots)", "Seizing the Opportunity of Blockchain" and "Being a Leader in the Digital Economy" published in the "People's Daily" have clearly stated the impact of blockchain on various fields of the market. important role.
Issues such as delay, "pseudo-blockchain", and "coin speculation" will further attract people's attention after the blockchain bubble bursts, and more standardized market development will occur. Today, blockchain is still in its infancy. As more and more entrants enter the industry, a blockchain bubble is inevitable in the future. But after the bubble, blockchain will bring a disruptive experience to the market and usher in a new era.
Blockchain itself emphasizes "decentralization". In order to meet the ever-changing real needs, blockchain is upgrading to "multi-centering", which will completely break the data "island" and achieve comprehensive interconnection of information. situation. It can strengthen the trust security system, improve transaction efficiency, and meet the application needs of the increasingly developing era.
In short, the explosion of blockchain is inevitable. Its decentralized nature avoids the monopoly of Internet giants and brings development opportunities to many entrepreneurs and investors. But at the same time, based on blockchain, it can reduce transportation costs, is open and transparent, cannot be tampered with, has strong permeability and other properties, and is more convenient for market management. In the future business world, there will be a blockchain era that "removes fakes and preserves authenticity" .

D. What are the near-term effects of blockchain?

The near-term effect of blockchain is to help improve the efficiency of economic operations.

In recent years, the world's attitude towards Bitcoin has been ups and downs, but blockchain technology, one of the underlying technologies of Bitcoin, has received increasing attention. In the formation process of Bitcoin, blocks are storage units one by one, recording all communication information of each block node within a certain period of time.

The links between each block are realized through random hashing (also called hash algorithm). The latter block contains the hash value of the previous block. With the expansion of information exchange, a block Continuing with one block, the result is called a blockchain.

Characteristics of blockchain:

Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

E. Crazy blockchain, crazy mining machines

After the recent climax of Bitcoin’s rise, Ethereum’s performance followed. Ethereum’s OTC transactions have now broken All in all. And the mining craze triggered by the skyrocketing rise of these mainstream currencies has also reached its climax.

Recently, the market for Bitcoin mining machines and graphics card mining machines has also been extremely short of stock, and many miners have increased their prices to buy but may not be able to buy mining machines. Now there is a price but no market.

Recently, a friend and the boss of the general agent of graphics cards in China are developing graphics card mining machines. I have built some graphics card mining machines with him before, and also hosted several Bitcoin mining machines with Jin Wei. machine. I have a little understanding of mining machines, and I just happened to calculate the cost performance and cost cycle of these two mining machines for my friends in the past two days. Let’s do an input-output analysis of these two mining machines.

The following is a calculation and comparison using the currently popular Antminer and MSI's RX 470 model 8-card graphics card mining machine as examples.

1. Basic concepts related to mining.

1. What is mining:

Mining is actually accounting through mathematical calculations, and uses a large number of encryption operations to ensure that the ledger will not be tampered with. Mining is the process of producing and issuing cryptocurrency, while using computing power and electricity expenses to ensure that the distributed ledger cannot be tampered with. It can be simply understood as the process of selling the computing power of our machines in exchange for corresponding digital currency returns.

2. What is a mining machine:

The Bitcoin mining machine and graphics card mining machine introduced in this article can be understood as a machine with multiple high-performance CPU chips and graphics cards. computer. Similarly, graphics card mining machines also require basic accessories such as CPU, memory, motherboard, hard drive and power supply.

3. What coins can be mined:

Antminer S9 mining machine mines Bitcoin; graphics card mining machine mines Ethereum (graphics card mining machine can mine Ethereum ETH, Ethereum Classic ETC , ZCash, Monero, etc. Here are only examples of Ethereum.)

2. Calculation of mining income

1. Ant S9 mining machine

It is a Bitcoin mining machine with higher computing power and higher mass production currently on the market, but it is still hard to find. The spot price is 30,000 RMB in the market, and the official price is around 23,000; the futures price is Arranged until April and May.

Hashrate: 13.5TH/s

Power: 1350 watts

Mining machine price: 30000RMB

Electricity fee: 0.5 yuan/degree

The currency price on January 13 is 100,000RMB

The following is the result calculated using the mining website calculator:

Revenue and payback period :

Current daily revenue: 199

Daily electricity cost: 16.2

Daily net profit: 183

Number of days to pay back: 164 days (about 5.5 months)

Summary: The current cost of the Antminer S9 mining machine is 30,000, and the payback period is about 5.5 months. The machine does not have the function of maintaining value.

2. RX470 8-card graphics card mining machine

The same is true for current graphics card mining machines. Many graphics cards suitable for mining are also hard to find. Take the graphics card general agent as an example. In his own words, selling mining machines is not as profitable as mining by himself. He can't even get many mining machines, not to mention that the demand in the entire market is so high.

The configuration of the graphics card mining machine, taking the 470 8-card mining machine as an example:

Revenue and payback period:

The total computing power is 224M

Power 1600W

Mining machine price 29000RMB

Electricity fee 0.5 yuan/kilowatt

Price on January 13th 9500RMB

Revenue and payback period:

Current daily revenue: 280.9

Daily electricity bill: 19.2

Daily net Profit: 261.7

Number of days to pay back: 110.8 days (about 3.7 months)

Summary: Based on the cost of 29,000 for an 8-card 470 mining machine and the current currency price, The payback period is probably less than 4 months. And after one year, the graphics card can be sold at a depreciation price of at least 50%.

Real photos of graphics card mining machine:

Summary of payback cycle: AntThe S9 is 5.5 months; the graphics card mining machine is 3.7 months, and the graphics card mining machine also has depreciation protection.

The above is only based on the comparison of the current currency prices and mining machine prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum. Currently, there are uncertain risks in both buying coins and mining, but relatively speaking, mining The risk is lower than the risk of currency speculation, but the rate of return is relatively stable.

There are still certain risks in mining. The price of mining machines and electricity costs are fixed investments. The currency price is constantly fluctuating. The biggest risk is the drop in currency prices and the increase in computing power. If the currency price halves due to market reasons, or if the computing power gradually increases because more and more players participate, it will lead to a greatly extended personal income expectation or less and less income.

If you can buy a mining machine at a lower cost and mine with lower electricity costs, and recover the cost of the mining machine as soon as possible, you will be sure to make money later. Mining can also be understood as fixed investment. If there are coins that can be mined, they are all hoarding them and waiting for the ideal price to sell them to get a higher return on investment; if someone digs them up, they sell them and they are safe.

It is recommended that everyone invest appropriately within a controllable risk range, try a small amount first, and then gradually increase the number of machines to reasonably control risks. Investments are now considered risk-averse.

F. How to invest in blockchain options

Quick New Europe
Quick New Europe is relatively popular in Europe and has only recently begun to explore the Chinese market. It is a blockchain-based Innovation model of chain technology. There are more and more flexible trading methods, and the probability of profit is greater. It contains most of the virtual currencies on the market, saving you time looking for currency types.

G. Can blockchain change 10 cases of existing business

This article introduces the current 10 main usage scenarios of blockchain:< p>(1) Tracking products in the global supply chain;

This is a typical usage scenario of blockchain technology in security traceability. It can promote information tracking, query, verification and anti-counterfeiting of commodity circulation, and can significantly improve the efficiency of some links. efficiency. However, the role of the blockchain can only be reflected in the chain, but it cannot cover the parts operated by people below the chain.

(2) Guarantee 3D printing quality and tracking;

(3) Create personalized and lifelong “one-stop” medical records;

Blockchain healthcare can track anyone’s complete medical history, such as medications , illnesses, injuries, and transactions across health systems, physicians, pharmacies, and health plans, and empowering patients to control their own data. Blockchain can also transfer insurance payments: smart contracts can automatically trigger insurance provisions when a clinic confirms a patient has received treatment, and prevent fraudulent or inaccurate claims. Some startups, such as the UK's Medicalchain, blockchain company Gem, MIT and other companies and universities are experimenting with this use.

(4) Simplify trade logistics;

Traditional trade involves complex import and export procedures, and all participants in the entire chainBoth require a large number of paper documents for interaction, resulting in high communication costs. Blockchain can optimize this system. Maersk and IBM have created a platform that integrates services such as liner, warehouse, freight forwarding, ports, customs, exporters, importers and trade finance banks into the trade ecosystem, on a data exchange platform running on the blockchain interoperate.

(5) Facilitate and secure customs trade;

Blockchain has been tested in many customs departments, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the 15-nation East African Group. In 2017, U.S. Customs developed 14 use cases for blockchain, which are currently being tested and evaluated. Blockchain will be particularly useful for the UK: when the UK leaves the EU customs union, its number of customs declarations will increase from 55 million to over 250 million (non-EU trade plus EU trade, which previously did not require customs documents), which is currently the case with UK software The program cannot fully handle it. Blockchain can help: It can trace the origins of products and help determine the origin and appropriate tariffs for goods, such as those destined to join the European Union’s tariff package. For the UK’s 28 border agencies, imported products such as food, safety and intellectual property compliance need to be analyzed, and blockchain projects can be shared securely and transparently in real time.

(6) Prevent voting fraud and protect voter identities;

Blockchain security and identity protection features can reduce fraud and encourage voters to believe their votes are anonymous,

increase turnout and make elections more immediate . Using the technology, voters can scan their thumbs with their smartphones and cast their ballots during their Election Day commute. If everyone votes via the blockchain, no one can vote twice. Voting records are inviolable, and the ID of each ballot is recorded instantly at every polling location.

(7) Launch crop insurance for farmers;

Crop insurance customized to specific farmer needs is often very expensive, and blockchain technology can reduce costs by determining trigger conditions and automating execution. For example, farmers can insure against extreme weather. If extreme weather affects a harvest, a blockchain-based insurance contract would immediately recognize this and pay the farmer’s claim.

Establishing a network of energy producers and users;

Decades ago, some companies introduced smart grids to provide intermediary services for energy producers and demanders. Now, blockchain can optimize smart grids and provide energy producers and consumers with a regional intermediary energy trading platform. TenneT and Brooklyn-based startup LO3 Energy are both trying this business.

(9) Create smart cities that can operate independently;

Blockchain can now amplify the impact of Douyou IoT on city operations. For example, Dubai has a pilot project to implement blockchain in city services. Dubai plans to use blockchain for more than 100 million annual government documents by 2020, including all visa applications, bill payments and license renewals.

(10) Automatically pay the exporter when the goods arrive at the foreign buyer;

Blockchain allows transactions to be made bothBoth parties have access to the same data and real-time digital files, changing the existing information asymmetry problem in international trade. There is no need to store multiple copies of the same document across different databases for different entities. When goods arrive marked by sensors connected to the smart contract, a transfer of money from the buyer to the seller is automatically triggered.

2. Ten major problems currently faced by the blockchain industry and their analysis

2.1. Is the data on the blockchain really immutable?

Can one of the core features of blockchain, "anti-tampering", really be realized? And is "tamper-proof" really beneficial?

The report pointed out that the blockchain is not completely immutable and gave three weaknesses of the blockchain:

(2) It may be hacked, and 51% of the chain is controlled by people who want to tamper with the results.

(3) The "garbage of garbage" problem has existed for centuries. The value of a blockchain depends on the data on the chain, and data entered into the blockchain may be inaccurate or fraudulent. One solution is to use sensors instead of manually entering data.

The so-called "51% attack" is to take advantage of computing power to cancel payment transactions that have already occurred. If someone masters more than 50% of the computing power, he can find the random numbers needed to mine the block faster than others, so he actually has the absolute and effective right to decide which block. From a technical level, a 51% attack is achievable, but the cost is very high for the earliest cryptocurrencies such as BTC. They have built a huge network, which is why BTC’s network has remained stable for 10 years. reason. But with other counterfeit currencies, the risk is greater.

In addition, there is no direct benefit for the attacker to simply launch a 51% attack, and it must be linked to specific short selling and false recharge. Specifically, it is often a double spend on a certain transaction. The attacker stops attacking once. Continuous attacks are costly and will stop once successful; second, the community can issue an emergency pudding and add checkpoints to the blockchain. The community urgently agreed that the attacker’s blockchain was invalid. Therefore, there are many ways to deal with the 51% attack, and it will not be the end of the world for a blockchain.

2.2. Who owns and maintains the blockchain? And who asked about the appearance?

Responsible for problems and losses?

Since the blockchain is a decentralized user community, who will maintain it? Shouldn’t it require human adjustment and maintenance just like a website?

For permissioned chains, such as alliance chains and private chains, there is no need for incentives such as tokens to motivate people to manage, there is a manager who manages the entire network. Since there are fewer users in the network, coordination costs are relatively low. However, such networks are susceptible to security challenges, and as the number of network users increases, coordination costs will increase.

For consortium chains and private chains, since they are still very centralized organizations, the verification nodes are identified by the organization itself, so the management model is not very different from traditional centralized institutions. However, for the public chain, there is no leader who coordinates the entire network system, and only relies on token incentives to coordinate different interest groups, which undoubtedly increases the overall cost.Ecological instability. At present, the development of the blockchain industry is in a very early stage. In addition to the relatively mature decentralized governance of BTC, in the governance of public chains such as ETH and EOS, the founder development team plays a very core role and is the "rules" of the public chain. "Maker", although the entire ecosystem has achieved partial decentralization, the founders still play a pivotal role in the direction of strategic development. Therefore, the author believes that the decentralization of blockchain can only be an ultimate goal that is constantly approaching. From the birth of the project to its maturity, its degree of decentralization should continue to increase, as shown in the figure below. In the early stages of project development, the founder and his development team play an absolute guiding role in the entire ecosystem. As the project ecosystem matures and the number of participants continues to increase, the original development team should gradually weaken its guiding role. The entire network maintenance needs to be decided jointly by all developers and users in the ecosystem. As for the final network problems, they can only be borne by all participants.

Figure: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the degree of centralization and development stages of blockchain projects

2.3. Are smart contracts really smart?

The second reason why smart contracts are not yet that smart is that their entries can be manipulated by evil actors, such as contracting parties or miners who add transaction records to the blockchain's ledger of past transactions. One study showed that 3.4% of ETH smart contracts are vulnerable to hackers.

Smart contracts can indeed optimize many intermediate programs, but judging from current industry practice, they are far from being called smart. A qualified smart contract should include all possible scenarios. Because the core essence of smart contracts is "to make the most just ruling even in the darkest environment."

The difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is that Ethereum is Turing complete, and more types of contracts with more complex terms can be implemented through this platform. Of course, the cost of this is that the complex contract content makes it becomes more difficult to analyze. Typically, complexity is directly proportional to the probability of a vulnerability; the higher the complexity, the greater the probability of a vulnerability.

Regarding the concept "code is law" proposed by Ethereum, however, the code has attracted hacker attacks due to its own vulnerabilities, so it is not enough to form the authority of "law". Therefore, it needs the trust and endorsement of the government, lawyers, courts and other intermediary institutions. Compared with coordination, the current contract seems too rough.

2.4. Is there identity theft on the blockchain?

3% of social media accounts are fake, so can fake accounts be created on the blockchain? Can identities on the blockchain be stolen?

Blockchain can create a personal database for users whose data cannot be tampered with, but how to meet the user's "tampering" needs? This may be a paradox in the development of blockchain technology. Regarding user needs, we may need to start from the perspective of on-chain standards and authority management.

2.5． Can blockchains be connected to each other?

One blockchain records the data of an entity or user in one way, while another blockchain records the same data of the same entity or user in another way. oneIn a fragmented system, multiple account books are not connected to each other, which will form a world of "operational islands", or "data islands". Users need to register for multiple systems at the same time to conduct transactions with different people for different purposes.

In view of the value transfer needs of different chains, cross-chain technology is the key, which can effectively connect different alliance chains or private chains, and promote the outward expansion and connection of blockchains. The current mainstream cross-chain technologies include Notary schemes, Sidechains/relays, Hash-locking, Distributed private key control, etc.

2.6. How does the blockchain connect to off-chain databases?

If one party's data and documents are off-chain, and the other party's data and documents are on-chain, can the two parties interact? In the company's database, can half of the company's data on the blockchain interact with the other half of the data?

These challenges are well known and are being addressed. For example, the same queries and analysis can be run in on-chain and off-chain databases. The risk is that data brought from on-chain to off-chain is no longer immutable, and researchers recognize that data security and aggregating, transforming and optimizing on-chain and off-chain data sets are significant challenges.

2.7. Can blockchain facilitate money laundering?

Money laundering is a huge global problem, amounting to 1-2 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 2% - 5% of the total global GDP. Banks and authorities are fighting back, spending about $8 billion a year to combat corruption. Banks around the world require KYC verification.

Due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain, especially the emergence of anonymous coins, BTC has been criticized by many people as a tool for money laundering. However, the anonymity of BTC is only anonymity on the chain. The interaction between people and the chain, and the interaction between BTC and legal currency will leave traces, and it is not as "lawless" as many media have promoted. Each BTC transaction requires the transfer of a corresponding address, and the transaction records of the address can be queried. In addition, the exchange of BTC and legal currency is conducted off-chain and cannot escape supervision. If the actual identity of any party in the transaction is exposed, it will be difficult for all participants in the transaction to escape recourse.

2.8. Will the blockchain consume all the energy in the world?

BTC has an amazing energy demand. Operating Bitcoin for one year requires the energy consumption of Ireland for one year. Because BTC’s POW consensus mechanism requires miners to mine for transaction verification. There are concerns that as the network increases and the value of BTC rises, energy demand will grow rapidly. In fact, miners themselves have incentives to prevent this from happening, and the scalability of the blockchain is limited by availability, energy costs, and the miners' own financial resources. The current alternative is the POS consensus mechanism. The POS mechanism selects validators based on the number of currency holders.

In fact, we can see that in addition to the early batch led by BTCIn cryptocurrency, most current blockchain projects have taken into account the disadvantages of POW and are constantly innovating consensus mechanisms to avoid excessive consumption of energy. Therefore, blockchain is not enough to cause such a huge consumption of energy.

2.9. Will blockchain take our jobs?

Regarding blockchain, if people can trade directly with each other, what impact will blockchain have on intermediaries such as banks and lawyers? Blockchain is unlikely to be a job killer; it will, like any technology, change the nature of work by changing companies’ business and revenue models.

When artificial intelligence becomes popular, people will continue to ask questions like this. On the one hand, we enjoy the convenience that technology brings us, but on the other hand, we are worried that technology will replace us. The biggest challenge of blockchain is not the technology itself, but changing the traditional profit distribution model. Blockchain technology can remove certain intermediary links, break the monopoly of many resources by centralized institutions, and thus change the interest pattern. This is also the most revolutionary point of blockchain.

2.10． Is the United States lagging behind in the development of the blockchain industry?

Globally, the blockchain industry in the United States is still in its infancy. Deloitte surveyed 1,053 executives in financial services, healthcare, technology industries, telecommunications, manufacturing and other industries in 2018. According to the survey, only 14% of American respondents believe that blockchain is used in their production, compared with 49% in China, 48% in Mexico, 40% in the United Kingdom, and 36% in Canada. Plans are also lagging: 41% of U.S. companies plan to invest $1 million or more in blockchain, compared with 85% in China, 74% in Canada, 72% in the United Kingdom, and 65% in Mexico.

According to the "Blockchain China-U.S. Development White Paper" released by Silicon Valley Insight, North America is comparable to Asia in terms of the number of ICOs. In terms of financing amount, North America is far ahead with 7.85 billion. Therefore, the United States, as a major country in North America, is not lagging behind at all. On the contrary, it is still leading in many aspects.

《Harnessing Blockchain for American Business and Prosperity》

http://forex.hexun.com/2018-06-17/193222543.html

https://jiahao..com/s? id=1606478434369770769&wfr=spider&for=pc

Introduction to Tianjige: Tianjige (LD Research) was established on July 2, 2018. It is a company dedicated to exploring the unknown of science and technology, taking human development as the driving force, and taking "BASE Research for Solving Real" Problems" as the purpose of the research institute.

This article is from Babbitt

Related Q&A: What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

Blockchain technology in businessWhat are the applications in the field?

In recent years, due to the popularity of virtual digital currencies, blockchain, as its underlying technology, has also begun to receive widespread attention. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, collective maintenance, and reliable storage. It is currently widely used in the field of virtual currency.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared in the world, and a huge industrial chain ecosystem has been formed around the generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far away from the real value use area. The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational forms, so it is necessary to obtain practical examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models used by blockchain in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can achieve point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot achieve point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The use of blockchain

There are currently two main modes of blockchain use:

1) Native blockchain use: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology to realize value Transfer and transaction use, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain+" model: combine traditional scenarios with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the use of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become the business model used by blockchain in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for small retail amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially in recent years, with the rise of cross-border e-commerce, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an industryurgent needs.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees, and increases transaction transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other features into supply chain finance, and does not require third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate various relevant credentials in the supply chain. authenticity, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-term problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling many", which have brought risks to the bill financing business of the banking industry.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the double-spend problem and avoids "one vote". Sell ​​more". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industrial Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset Securitization

Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization. It can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of the underlying issues of institutions in the transaction chain. Asset trust issues. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance, Baiqian Leasing, and HuaPartners including Energy Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance Business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: it is difficult for users to choose insurance products that suit them, while insurance institutions Face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject information is managed uniformly on the blockchain , cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and a lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, there are also problems in how to guarantee the data collection process. User privacy issues.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit data sharing can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting user privacy. And verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate storage.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great use value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realize Point-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry uses to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new usage scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.

It is expected that the use of blockchain will first start in the pan-financial field that has high requirements for credit, efficiency, and security: the financial industry pays more attention to efficiency and security, and blockchain has a high degree of matching with its pain points, and can be used for Systematically solve trust issues, efficiency issues, default risks, etc. that exist in all aspects of financial services; blockchain’s attributes such as “transaction, certificate storage, and traceability” are more likely to generate value in the financial industry. At the same time, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and small progress can bring huge benefits.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data Applications such as services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

H. Times have changed, what exactly is the core of the blockchain economy

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared around the world. The generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies have formed a huge industrial chain ecosystem. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far from the real value application area.

The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational form, so it is necessary to obtain application examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models of blockchain applications in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can realize point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot realize point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

Application of blockchain

Currently, there are two main modes of blockchain application:

1) Native type Blockchain applications: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology, realizing applications such as value transfer and transactions, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain+" model: combining traditional scenarios with Combined with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the application of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become a business model for blockchain applications in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: first, online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, suitable for retail small amounts; second, bank remittance mode, suitable forUsed for large-amount transactions; both have problems such as long payment cycles, high fees, and low transaction transparency. Especially in recent years, with the rise of cross-border e-commerce, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces costs, and increases Transaction Transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other features into supply chain finance, without the need for a third-party credit enhancement agency Identify the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-standing problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling more than one", which have brought challenges to the bill financing business of the banking industry. risk.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the problem of double Spending money can avoid "one ticket selling too many". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industrial Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset Securitization

Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participants, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.certificate.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization, which can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of It solves the problem of trust of all parties in the transaction chain in the underlying assets. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance and partners including Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: Users It is difficult to choose an insurance product that suits you, and insurance institutions face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance targets Information is managed uniformly on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and lack of data sharing, making it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, There is also the issue of how to protect user privacy during the data collection process.

The role of blockchain:

The blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that effective protection of user privacy can be achieved. Limited, controllable credit data sharing and verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate deposits.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great application value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the credit problem and realize the point-to-point transmission of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry applications to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new application scenarios or improve efficiency. cut costs.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data services, and asset management. Applications such as management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

I. The extremely wealthy people and the anxious noobs who are low-key to everyone in the blockchain currency circle

The extremely wealthy people who are low-key to everyone in the blockchain currency circle With the anxious noob

Since Bitcoin’s surge, blockchain has also stood at the forefront of everyone’s observation. After visiting dozens of communities, the author found that all the content about writing about blockchain technology is actually only read by a small group of people. People are not interested in the principle of how blockchain can achieve the decentralization of digital currency. Even What the basic blockchain is is sometimes poorly understood, but this does not stop the public from being enthusiastic about blockchain and various digital currencies.

Perhaps it is because I don’t understand and am full of curiosity that I am more likely to be deceived by various scammers into making uncut leeks. The tide of blockchain is rushing forward, and the living beings on the shore are really diverse.

The first type is the blockchain novice group.

Characteristics: Afraid of not being able to catch the fast train to riches, feeling anxious and nervous but feeling unable to do anything. They don’t know how to mine and earn coins, nor how to buy and trade in the market, nor even where the market is. Their understanding of blockchain and various currencies actually comes from envy and hatred because people around them became rich overnight by buying coins. The novice group seems to be eager to trade all the time, but they don't dare to make a move. Holding cash to wait and see makes them more and more anxious and nervous, afraid of missing out and a little afraid of losing money.

The second type is the blockchain project promotion crowd.

Features: Crazy joining groups to attract people and dump project links. The author found in various communities that most of these links are used to attract people to register on the condition of issuing digital currency or sending mining machines. Such people will join the group and attract people when they see them in social groups. They can be found wherever there are people. They are "working hard". What's more, if you create a group by yourself and get enough people in, all members will be banned. After that, the group owner or administrator will frantically dump the link. The link content is basically a routine, with a project introduction and registration address, and ends with Register and receive free mining machines or coins as bait. This kind of behavior that does not take into account the personal feelings of the group members is really incredible. This group of people knows a little bit about blockchain and the currency circle, but they don’t actually know much about technology. Some of them also hold the promoted project coins themselves, and feel a little relieved that they can join the game early, and firmly believe that the value will appreciate in the future and make a lot of money.

The third type is ordinary programmers who have early experience in entering the currency circle.

Characteristics: Have a story or experience of mining coins, and most of the mentalityMost of them belong to the group of people who pat their thighs and regret. Since there was a certain technical threshold for coin mining in the early years, this group of people came into contact with coin mining very early because of their technical status. They are also early users of Bitcoin. At that time, they were mining coins, and they were very simple at heart. Some people brought their friends to dig with them, or even helped their friends dig (the friends didn’t understand technology, so they basically mined for their friends). When these people mine coins, they do not think that they may become rich one day in the future or even achieve financial freedom. Therefore, many people have already chosen to cash out when the price of Bitcoin reaches 200 to 600.

What’s dramatic is those people who don’t understand technology and have programmer friends mine for them. Some people sadly forget the keys to mine coins because they don’t understand technology or don’t care, or they lose their original keys. The system files left their Bitcoins frozen forever. Those who couldn't find them regretted and wanted to die, while those who found the keys or system files finally received high rewards. Programmers who cashed out early and people who forgot their keys or lost system files, after seeing the sky-high price of Bitcoin, they patted their thighs and regretted it, and at the same time they were ready to move, regretful and anxious.

The fourth type, the CEOs who operate the project

Characteristics: After seeing Bitcoin, the Ethereum bosses are making a lot of money and can no longer control their hearts. Excited, he quickly jumped into the rolling torrent. They have fantasies about the future, but also have anxiety after encountering supervision. But CEOs who really want to do something in the industry are actually more welcoming to supervision. Such groups consider more about the healthy and long-term development of the industry ecology.

The fifth type, business giants

Characteristics: Some business giants are cautiously waiting, some have already embraced it, and some have avoided issuing coins to try out blockchain technology. Wide application of smart contracts. Wanda’s recent deployment on the blockchain has been widely reported by the media.

The sixth type, investment tycoons

Characteristics: Low profile has become synonymous with them. They rarely brag about how much money they have made on Bitcoin, but they also rarely mention how much they have been cheated.

As investment tycoons with a keen sense of smell, any new trends are the focus of their attention. Many of them not only observe calmly with the eyes of bystanders, but also silently pay attention to seed companies with real potential. This group appears to be very low-key on various occasions.

The seventh type, media from all parties

Characteristics: strive to supplement basic knowledge of blockchain and track various materials in the currency circle. This group can be simply divided into two camps. One group is dedicated to pure information reporting and in-depth industry analysis. They use a third-party perspective to see and interpret various phenomena that occur in the industry. The other camp chooses to endorse new things. Of course, they often use critical and skeptical thinking to discover the true nature of blockchain.reasonable application.

The rolling tide is coming, and all living beings are in various forms. How to understand the blockchain currency circle? How to avoid scammers in the currency circle? The next article on the Blockchain Bubble Headlines and WeChat public accounts will present the current deceptions and routines in the form of examples.

In the end, there is the same saying, listen to both and you will be enlightened, and listen to one side and you will be dark. I only represent the views of Blockchain Bubble and cannot be used as investment guidance for you.