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❶ Analysis of the relationship between distribution and blockchain
We have talked about blockchain technology many times in previous articles. It also introduces to you which programming development languages are used to realize the realization of the blockchain insight chain technology. Today we will learn together how to analyze and understand the structure of the blockchain from a distributed perspective.
Blockchain is the underlying technology in Bitcoin and is used to implement a centerless peer-to-peer cash system. Because there is no central organization involved, Bitcoin uses blocks Organize transaction data in the form of a chain to prevent "double spending" and reach transaction consensus.
Digital assets in the traditional sense, such as game currency, are managed in a centralized manner and can only be transferred in a single system, coordinated by a centralized organization. , usually stored in a database. From a macro perspective, blockchain and database are both used to store data, but the form of data access is different.
The blockchain is essentially a distributed database that is active in different places. The idea of multi-activity in different places was originally to solve the disaster recovery problem of the system. It has been a direction explored in the field of distributed databases for many years, but with little success because multi-activity in different places needs to solve the problem of data conflicts. This problem is actually Not easy to solve. However, the blockchain born in Bitcoin has realized the world's largest remote multi-active database in a completely new way. It is completely open, has no boundaries, supports tens of thousands of nodes and can join and exit at random.
The problem of data conflicts is even more prominent in the blockchain. Each node in the blockchain is a completely peer-to-peer multi-active architecture, and tens of thousands of nodes must reach an agreement. , who should the data be based on? The method used by Bitcoin is POW. Everyone calculates a puzzle. Whoever calculates it first will have the right to keep accounts. In this cycle, the account he keeps shall prevail in the next cycle. Everyone recalculates. Nodes competing for accounting rights decide which Quanlu transactions are packaged into blocks and synchronize the blocks to other nodes. Other nodes still need to verify the transactions in the block based on local data, unlike the master-slave nodes of the database. This is the consensus algorithm in the blockchain. Although POW consumes a lot of computing power, the advantage is that in the process of competing for accounting rights, POW only needs to calculate hashes in its own nodes and does not need to go through network voting for election. The cost of network communication is small, and it is suitable for consensus among large-scale nodes. Shahe Computer Training believes that POW is a complete, simple and crude method in the current public chain and can stand the test, but the problem is that the efficiency is too low.
So PoS and DPoS were developed later. Whoever has more assets will have the right to bookkeeping, or everyone will vote, but this also introduces economic problems. For example, the so-called vote-buying issue is difficult to control. In traditional distributed databases, it is not called a consensus algorithm, but a consistency algorithm, which is essentially the same thing. But in a distributed database, aGenerally, the number of nodes is very small, and the network is trustworthy. Usually the nodes are safe and reliable. We can basically trust every node. Even if it fails and does not respond, it will never give a false response. Therefore, in traditional company distributed data, Raft or Paxos protocols are used to implement this consistency algorithm.
❷ What is the popular explanation of blockchain? You must know these five application scenarios of blockchain!
Recently, blockchain has become popular overnight, and everyone around is discussing blockchain.
So, is the blockchain the same as Bitcoin?
In fact, Bitcoin and blockchain are not the same thing.
Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, but the first usage scenario after the birth of blockchain is Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is just a string of data in a computer. Compared with paper currency, it is also called a "virtual currency". To put it simply, you can understand that Bitcoin is just a string of numbers with cash value, similar to Q coins. In other words, Bitcoin has no actual value. Its current value is supported by the faith of currency speculators. If the faith is gone, the value of Bitcoin will collapse.
What is blockchain? What are the characteristics of blockchain technology?
Let’s first take a look, why is blockchain called blockchain?
Data is stored piece by piece, and the data stored piece by piece is called a block. Different blocks are linked to the previous block, which is called a blockchain.
For example:
On a certain day of a certain year, Lao Wang lent Xiao Wang 10,000 yuan. Lao Wang told everyone around him the news , the transfer records were posted on WeChat Moments, and everyone helped them testify to the existence of this transaction.
Lao Wang and Xiao Wang are two nodes. These two nodes generate transaction time, location, person and other information, and they are packaged to form a "block". Lao Wang’s friends are also nodes. These nodes jointly record the transaction status and details (blocks) of the two nodes, Lao Wang and Xiao Wang. These blocks are connected to form a blockchain.
Fundamentally, blockchain is a distributed ledger database.
What does distributed ledger mean?
Let’s take a look at the traditional accounting method.
The traditional accounting method is a centralized accounting method. For example, if Lao Wang lent 10,000 yuan to Xiao Wang, if Lao Wang did not tell the world about this money, then this amount would Only Lao Wang knows about the money transactions, Xiao Wang knows, God knows, and Earth knows. This accounting method is a centralized accounting method. This method has a very importantThe disadvantage of fatal quota is that what should I do if the other party does not acknowledge the account? In fact, in real life, in spontaneous private lending relationships, there is no evidence when the lending relationship occurs, resulting in many cases where the other party does not acknowledge the debt afterwards.
The accounting method adopted by Lao Wang from the beginning has prevented future troubles. This method is the blockchain distributed ledger, which has the characteristics of decentralization and allows everyone to It is the center and everyone can testify to the existence of this deal.
In addition to the characteristics of decentralization, blockchain also has the characteristics of being immutable. In the blockchain, if the data in any one block changes, even if it only changes a punctuation mark, it will become invalid and needs to be recalculated. Therefore, in the blockchain technology, once a piece of data changes, the cost will be Very big. Unless all nodes in this blockchain have 51% control. Therefore, the blockchain system will be stable and secure.
It’s still Lao Wang and Xiao Wang. If Xiao Wang wants to default on his debt, he can’t tamper with it unless he bribes everyone in the world who knows about the transaction.
Blockchain is also open and transparent.
In blockchain technology, all data is public, which is still the case of Lao Wang and Xiao Wang.
If Xiao Wang does not accept the money, once this news is released, then Xiao Wang’s reputation will be ruined. He can only pay back the money to release new news and wash out the money. Clear your own identity.
Some people say that if the blockchain is so powerful, will my identity information be revealed and there will be no privacy? In fact, the blockchain has the characteristics of anonymity, which protects our privacy very well. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and can be done anonymously.
What are the applications of blockchain?
The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.
In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very wide, and blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.
1. Payment and clearing
The role of the intermediary bank can be abandoned, point-to-point payment can be realized, intermediary fees can be reduced, and fund utilization can be accelerated.
2. Product traceability
For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain website, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.
3. Securities trading
Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.
4. Supply chain
Introduce blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronize information within the system, control all links, and better complete division of labor and collaboration. , to facilitate accountability afterwards.
5. Intellectual property rights
With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.
❸ What is blockchain
What is blockchain
What is blockchain? Many people have no idea what blockchain is. It is not very clear, and some people have even never heard of it. In fact, blockchain is a common one. I have compiled relevant information about what blockchain is for everyone.
What is blockchain 1Speaking of blockchain, we have to mention its twin brother-Bitcoin.
Time goes back to 11 years ago. On November 1, 2008, the world was shrouded in the huge shadow of the financial crisis. That day, a mysterious geek who called himself "Satoshi Nakamoto" sent a group email.
Attached to the email is a paper titled: "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System."
Satoshi Nakamoto said in the email that he is working on a new electronic cash system that is completely peer-to-peer and does not require any trusted third party. About half a month later, Satoshi Nakamoto released the source code of the Bitcoin system non-stop.
On January 3, 2009, an interesting invention turned out. Satoshi Nakamoto generated the first Bitcoin block on the server, which is the so-called "Bitcoin genesis block". Since then, the Bitcoin system has officially opened.
Having said that, you might as well stop and think about how we conduct cash transactions in real life.
Suppose you borrow 10,000 yuan from a friend and promise to pay it back in one month. You may choose to repay the loan by bank card transfer. The bank is responsible for deducting 10,000 yuan from your deposit account and adding 10,000 yuan to your friend's deposit account.
Here, the bank is the institution responsible for keeping accounts. The underlying reason why you choose bank transfer is that you believe it is more reliable and will help you transfer 10,000 yuan to a friend.
However, in the digital world, inventing a currency is another matter.
The hero behind the Bitcoin game
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto hopes to conduct peer-to-peer direct transactions, bypassing the third party of the bank. This problem is easy to solve. Then there will be no banks. Users will issue their own currencies through a unique mechanism and trade directly with each other.
But this brings another problem. There is no bank as a reliable intermediary responsible for accounting, and users do not know each other. How to ensure that no one cheats during transactions?
For example, in the digital world, electronic files can be easily copied. 10 yuan of digital currency turns into 100 yuan by copying and pasting it with the mouse 10 times. Isn’t it a mess?
To solve this problem, we need to provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other.
The method adopted by the Bitcoin system is to record all transaction processes openly and transparently in chronological order. These records are permanent and cannot be tampered with. This way you won't be able to do anything sneaky.
With these mechanisms, the Bitcoin system operates successfully.
This system stores data in units of data blocks, which are blocks. Approximately every 10 minutes, new blocks will be added. Each block records the detailed transaction process of Bitcoin and is timestamped. Different blocks are connected in chronological order through a certain algorithm, which is a chain.
Together, they are called "Blockchain".
In this way, the blockchain took root with the birth of Bitcoin. If Bitcoin is the star in front of the spotlight, blockchain is the hero behind the scenes responsible for providing a trust mechanism in the underlying technology.
Brand new changes in accounting methods
Although behind the scenes, the talent of blockchain was quickly discovered.
In technical terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology. To understand it, let’s take the simplest example.
Suppose your family keeps accounts like this: you, your father, and your mother each have an account book. You each record your own expenses, and at the end of each month you tally the total household expenses together.
But dad likes to buy cigarettes, mom likes to stock up on cosmetics, and you like to buy snacks. You may both miss a few entries intentionally or unintentionally, and sometimes make corrections in the ledger. Therefore, when checking the accounts at the end of the month, there is always a discrepancy with the actual expenditure of the family.
In order to change this situation, you bought a new account book. You, your father, and your mother jointly use a new account book to keep accounts, remind and supervise each other, and check every expense together.
At the same time, you also agreed that once the expenses are clearly recorded, no alteration or deletion is allowed. After trying it for a few months, you found that this joint ledger matched the actual expenses of the family much more closely.
Blockchain is the second accounting method. The little story above tells us that it has at least these major features or benefits.
First of all, it is decentralized. The database that was previously maintained by one party has become jointly maintained by multiple parties. Everyone writes data together based on consensus, and no one can control the data alone.
Secondly, itLet everyone change from keeping separate accounts to joint accounting, which brings data consistency and openness and transparency.
In addition, the blockchain only allows data to be written, not deletion or modification, which prevents data from being secretly tampered with.
Mutual trust between strangers
In reality, many scenarios are much more complicated than how to keep accounts at home. Moreover, many aspects of financial transactions and business processing are mostly operated by strangers. How can we make everyone trust each other?
It’s blockchain’s turn to show its talents. Don’t forget, it can provide a mechanism for everyone to trust each other from the underlying technology.
For example, when you usually go to the wet market to buy things, you may worry about whether fish, shrimp, and vegetables are safe. Some companies see business opportunities and move the data of farmers and fish ponds to the blockchain. In this way, you will know which fish pond the fish you buy comes from, and you will feel more confident when eating.
For another example, links to fundraising for seriously ill patients often appear in Moments. When making a donation, you may have some concerns: Is the patient's condition real? Can donations really be delivered to patients?
In order to eliminate these concerns, some Internet charity organizations use blockchain to allow you to clearly view the steps for using your donation. If the review finds that the patient's condition is not true, the blockchain system will automatically return the donation to your account.
In the future, what changes can blockchain bring to our lives?
It is conceivable that when blockchain is widely used in various fields of society, it will become an important infrastructure in the information age and can solve many of the headaches that currently cause us.
For example, blockchain will allow countless islands of information to be "chained" together. When seeing a doctor, there is no need to repeat the examination just because you change hospitals. Entrepreneurs do not have to go to multiple departments to go through a procedure; many transactions no longer need to be done. Third-party guarantees are required, consumers no longer have to worry about non-refundable deposits, and creators do not have to worry about their works being stolen but getting nothing...
What is blockchain 2From an academic perspective, blockchain is New application models of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized database.
Many people still don’t understand this explanation, so let me make a simple metaphor.
Hypothetical situation: Suppose you have a ledger at home and you are asked to keep accounts. In the past, your parents gave you your salary and asked you to record it in your account book. If you are greedy and want to buy something delicious in the meantime, the record in the ledger may be less than ten yuan.
This is just an example. I believe that when we were children, everyone probably wanted to take some money from their parents’ pockets to spend.
Ways to use blockchain to solve problems:
If you use the whole family mobilization method to keep accounts, the above-mentioned problems will not exist, because you are keeping accounts, and your father Also keeping accounts, your motherThey are also keeping accounts. They can all see the general ledger. You can't change it, and neither can your parents. So your father who wants to buy cigarettes and you who want to eat can't do anything about it.
Functional "blockchain"
It can not only record every transaction, but also can be programmed to record almost everything of value to mankind. Things: birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, title deeds, degrees, financial accounts, medical history, insurance claims, ballots, food sources, and anything else that can be represented by a code.
Each block is like a hard disk, which saves all the above information and then encrypts it through cryptography technology. The saved information cannot be tampered with.
Every 10 minutes, the blockchain system will check all data generated during the period (such as transaction records and records of when the block was edited or created, etc.) and store these data in a new area. On the block, this block will be connected with the previous block to form a chain. Each block must contain relevant information from the previous block to be effective.
Characteristics of blockchain
1. Exceptionally safe:
Unlike centralized databases owned by companies or government agencies, blockchain is not controlled by anyone. or entity's control, data is replicated (distributed) in its entirety across multiple computers.
Unlike centralized databases, there is no single entry point for attackers, and data security is more guaranteed.
2. Non-tamperability:
Once entered into the blockchain, no information can be changed, and even the administrator cannot modify this information.
Once something appears, it cannot be changed. This attribute is of great significance to the changeable and ever-changing online world that humans currently live in.
3. Accessible:
All nodes in the network can easily access information.
4. No third party:
Because the blockchain is decentralized, it can facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, so whether you are trading or exchanging funds, there is no need for a third party of approval.
Blockchain itself is a platform.
Blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Currently, each is keeping its own accounts.
Since there is no centralized intermediary agency, letting everything run automatically through preset programs can not only greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency. And since everyone has the same ledger, it can ensure that the ledger recording process is open and transparent.
Blockchain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has been operating very stably for many years without any problems.question, so some people noticed its underlying technology, abstracted the Bitcoin technology, and called it blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology.
According to a report released by Santander, Spain's largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.
Cloud computing is usually defined as providing dynamic, easily scalable and often virtualized resources through the Internet, but it is often a centralized organization that provides a cloud computing platform. The network composed of blockchain generally does not have a specific organization, so blockchain is closer to the definition of a distributed computing system and is a type of distributed computing.
The future development and application scenarios of blockchain
1. Digital identity
Many people will encounter "prove that my mother is me" when applying for various certificates. "Mom" dilemma, with blockchain, you no longer have to worry about it.
It turns out that our birth certificates, real estate certificates, marriage certificates, etc. need a central node for everyone to recognize them. Once cross-border, contracts and certificates may become invalid because of the lack of a global central node.
The non-tamperable nature of blockchain technology has fundamentally changed this situation. Our birth certificates, real estate certificates, and marriage certificates can all be notarized on the blockchain and become things trusted by the world. , of course, it can also easily prove "my mother is my mother".
2. Health care
Simply put, it is to use the blockchain to establish a universal record repository with timestamps, so that different databases can extract data information.
For example, when you go to see a doctor, you don’t have to change hospitals for repeated examinations, and you don’t have to worry about reimbursement for medical insurance, which can save time and expenses.
3. Travel consumption
For example, we often use apps such as Ctrip and Meituan to find and place orders for hotels and other services, and each platform gets commissions from them.
The application of blockchain is to remove middlemen and create a secure, decentralized way for service providers and customers to connect and trade directly.
4. More convenient transactions
Blockchain can make payments and transactions more efficient and convenient. The blockchain platform allows users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met, meaning that automatic payments can be released when both parties to a transaction agree that their conditions are met.
5. Strictly control product quality
If you buy an apple, with blockchain technology, you can know the entire process from the production of the fruit farmer to the circulation link. Among them are government regulatory information, professional testing data, enterprise quality inspection data, etc. A smart supply chain will enable us to eat every dayThe food and products we use are safer, giving us more peace of mind.
6. Property rights protection art
The creator puts his work on the blockchain, and if someone uses his work, he can immediately Know. Corresponding royalties are also automatically paid to the creator.
Blockchain technology not only protects copyright, but also helps creators sell their works to consumers better and more directly, without the need for the assistance of distribution companies.
What is blockchain 3Advantages of blockchain
Decentralized, it does not require the intervention of a third party and enables point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration. Because the data is distributed in various nodes through algorithms and has a unique verification mechanism, no one organization or individual can control the global data. Since it is distributed in various nodes, any node stopping work will not affect the entire system. Operation, this decentralized network will greatly improve data security. The data in the system is jointly maintained by various nodes with maintenance functions.
Openness, in addition to the encryption of private information of all parties in the system, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone, and anyone can query the blockchain through the public interface Data and development related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
Where does blockchain come in?
Blockchain is an open, transparent, decentralized and secure technology. This technological revolution is applied to the Internet. For data-sensitive fields such as medical care, public opinion supervision, and ecological testing, it can prevent data from being tampered with and ensure the authenticity of the data.
In short, blockchain is not just a form of virtual currency, its advantages will play an important role in many industry fields
❹ Who can help me introduce the next area? What is blockchain technology?
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to All can participate in database recording. What it wants to do is to enable all parties involved to establish a trusting relationship at the technical level.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so blockchain technology is also called a distributed ledger.
Blockchain can be roughly divided into two levels: one is the underlying technology of the blockchain; the other is the upper-layer application of the blockchain, that is, the transformation, optimization or innovative application based on the blockchain.
What is the core meaning of blockchain? My understanding is that the core of blockchain isThe significance is to establish data credit among the participants, and through unilateral confrontation, create a unilateral ecological joint guarantee of complete opportunities under clear regulations. This is a system. This establishment can end the problems before the blockchain, and there is no Before the blockchain, it was impossible to achieve new sharing when sharing data. Even if it was directional, it would only give you an interface. With the blockchain, the participants can realize the sharing of credit.
❺ How to introduce the blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future
There is a real joke, an engineer from Ant Financial, he wrote I submitted a blind date resume, and the job description in it was "code farmer", but no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain" and received 381 love letters at once.
From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.
1. What is blockchain?
To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to be responsible for "accounting" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents of his records into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to make backups.
Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediary is the platform through which we must transfer money, such asIt is a traditional bank, and now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency is not only improved a little!
3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?
As mentioned above, the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:
In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof General ledger books. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.
In terms of car rental, blockchain also has great potential. A future customer selects the car they want to lease, entering it into the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the lease agreement and insurance policy, while the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.
In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.
Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.
In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."
Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.
1. What is blockchain;
2. What are the benefits of blockchain;
3. What are the uses of blockchain;
4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;
Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain
Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockch in Englishain, this is a very good word, the English name is well chosen, and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.
1. What is a "block"?
You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.
For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.
When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.
This is the first dimension.
To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.
Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. famous. However, human DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a benefit of the blockchain.
2. What is "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.
Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.
Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and detected.
The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.
Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?
1. Mathematically speaking, itIt is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to now that you don’t own it, but you can learn many details about it by asking questions.
Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.
2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. That is to say When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.
For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.
However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.
Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.
3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.
This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.
In the third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain
1. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a cryptocurrency. Of course, you can make another one based on it, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.
2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.
The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?
Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.
3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become thisIn this way, all the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed. For example, if I build a house for you, decorate the house, and at what stage of the decoration, your payment must be given to me. If you accept it, there is no problem, and the payment will be It was given to me automatically.
You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will eliminate many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.
Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.
After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.
Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.
The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike in the past with Bitcoin, you had to completely copy its formula and copy it again. Today you are on Ethereum. , it is easy to issue your own currency, just like you can easily make your App on the Android operating system today.
There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions
1. The transaction delay is very long. I asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.
2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, the early people took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one knows clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.
3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.
Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so who can develop new underlying technology and hand this over?If the transaction costs are reduced, everyone will make a lot of profits in the future.
Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.
Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.
Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!
Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.
The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.
Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage
Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.
Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market
First, what is a blockchain? Blocks and chains are an accounting method and a form of network data storage.
Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution result data of smart contracts, etc.
Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".
This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain certain information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block must modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.
Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.
Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network
Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since all nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to controlControl everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.
How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets
Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.
The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.
When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone will only recognize the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.
To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and then connects the transaction blocks one after another and saves them in each node, but an encryption algorithm will be used in the process. Ensure that node information is not leaked, ensure that user information is encrypted, and ensure that the information in the block is not cracked or tampered with
Second, the block The current development of the chain, various projects and significance, at this stage are more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.
Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.
For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.
I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.
Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.
For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.
What does it probably mean?? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.
This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.
In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights
But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.
Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.
It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.
There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces
and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we no longer need large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.
If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.
Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.
The original digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.
Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.
It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.
Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province now has blockchain invoices.There are some blockchain apps on judicial certificates, but for you in the previous section, you can’t feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?
This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.
Third, it is essentially a mechanism of trust, a method of value transmission, and an exploration of social governance methods.
What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.
Mainly in these aspects.
First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.
The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.
You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.
For example, the master who could whip five lightning whips a while ago. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable
Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.
The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.
If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.
You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brain power, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.
The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.
You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. and no longer worry about someoneThe big capitalists took advantage of everyone and got the lion's share of the profits.
So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.
To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure
Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.
The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.
The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.
I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.
❻ What is the principle of Bitcoin and blockchain, and what is happening with mining machines?
Bitcoin is a digital currency generated based on a specific algorithmBitcoin is equivalent to digital gold. As a universal equivalent recognized by everyone, gold naturally has monetary properties and has been regarded as a currency in circulation since ancient times. Bitcoin was born in 2009. It was created by a person named Satoshi Nakamoto. As the earliest digital currency, it can be said to be worthless at the beginning of its creation. Until 2017, the highest trading price of Bitcoin exceeded 30,000. RMB and Bitcoin have become a valuable digital currency for the following reasons:
First of all, it is like gold. As a natural mineral, the total amount is limited. The same is true for Bitcoin. According to its own algorithm, it cannot be over-issued, so there will be no rapid devaluation of currency due to excessive currency issuance. Due to algorithm reasons, the number of Bitcoins is controlled to no more than 21 million, and it cannot be issued in large quantities, so its value is guaranteed. .
❼ What is blockchain technology What is blockchain in a popular explanation
Blockchain has been at the forefront since the end of October.
What is blockchain technology
Although blockchain has been around for more than ten years, many people still don’t know much about this technology.
Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other new application models of computer technology. From an application perspective, blockchain is a distributed ledger.
So, why is the blockchain called the blockchain?
Because the blockchain itself is a series of linked blocks, these blocks are filled with transaction records. The blocks are much like the records of a database. Every time data is written, it Create a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.
What are the characteristics of blockchain technology?
Simply put, blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, non-tampering, and anonymity.
1. Decentralization:
In the blockchain system, there is no center.
In the blockchain model, it is distributed accounting and storage. Each node self-verifies, transmits, and manages information. Each node is the center, which is decentralization.
2. Openness:
The blockchain system has the characteristics of openness. The data is open and anyone can query the blockchain data and data through the public interface. Develop related applications.
3. Information cannot be tampered with:
In the blockchain system, once the data is written, the tampering cannot be undone unless 51% of all data nodes are controlled. Forge a record that does not exist. Therefore, blockchain technology has a certain degree of security.
4. Privacy and anonymity:
The cryptography technology in the blockchain can effectively achieve identity concealment.
The identity information of each node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be done anonymously. It can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.
Xiao Li lent 10,000 yuan to Xiao Wang. Xiao Li found two people in common and Xiao Bai to prove it. This accounting model is a centralized accounting model, and Xiaobai is the center.
However, a year later, when Xiao Li wanted to get the money back, Xiao Wang Shikou denied that he had lent him the money. It turned out that Xiao Wang introduced Xiao Bai’s girlfriend to his company. a job.
This is the disadvantage of centralized accounting.
Xiao Li learned a lesson and gained wisdom. In the future, when someone asked him to borrow money, he said on WeChat in the village that I would lend so-and-so how much money. In this way, everyone in the village knew that Xiao Li How much money did Li lend to whom?
In this way, when Xiao Li asks for debt again, the other party will not deny the problem, because the people in the village have already thought of it.A consensus mechanism is established: How much money did you borrow from Xiao Li?
This is the advantage of decentralized accounting.
Because after all, there are many people to testify about this transaction. If it seems to be a fraud, it will be unless more than half of the people in the village are bought. However, the price is very high.
In fact, these characteristics of the blockchain are all to solve the problem of "trust". The rich application scenarios of the blockchain are also based on the blockchain's ability to solve the problem of information asymmetry. At the same time, Blockchain also helps achieve collaborative trust and consistent action among multiple entities.
What are the applications of blockchain?
In addition to digital currency, there are many application scenarios of blockchain.
1. Medical field
Blockchain helps realize smart medical care, such as going to the hospital to see a doctor. Through the blockchain model, the patient’s medical status, case, treatment status, etc. are all Clearly visible, saving a lot of medical resources.
2. Copyright field
Blockchain can prove the authenticity and uniqueness of the copyright of works, from the birth to the transfer of audio, video, pictures, text and other works. Can be tracked and recorded, and form tamper-proof information.
3. Logistics field
After applying blockchain in the logistics field, goods can be traced from production to consumption.
4. Food safety
Is blockchain used for food safety? Through blockchain traceability, one can easily trace the past and present life of their food.
5. Securities trading
For example, traditional securities trading requires the coordination of multiple institutions to complete, while the blockchain system can independently complete one-stop transactions. This service can make securities trading simpler and faster.
However, many people have big misunderstandings about blockchain. The biggest misunderstanding is: blockchain = Bitcoin
In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin is not the same thing. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is the first application of blockchain.
❽ What is blockchain and how do ordinary people make money in blockchain?
The popularity of blockchain has caught the public off guard. Nowadays, no one knows about blockchain, but many people do not have a clear understanding of the definition of blockchain.
So, what exactly is blockchain?
Regarding blockchain and Bitcoin, most people have this misunderstanding: Bitcoin is blockchain.
In fact, Bitcoin and blockchain are not the same thing. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, but the first usage scenario after the birth of blockchain is Bitcoin.
I will explain to you what Bitcoin is and what blockchain is. Please move your bench quickly!
What is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a digital currency, a peer-to-peer encrypted digital currency. It is not a tangible paper currency such as RMB or US dollars. It is generated by computers through specific mathematical calculations. Also stored in the computer.
Because Bitcoin is just a string of data in a computer, it is also called a "virtual currency" compared to paper currency. To put it simply, you can understand that Bitcoin is just a string of numbers with cash value, similar to Q coins. In other words, Bitcoin has no actual value. Its current value is supported by the faith of currency speculators. If the faith is gone, the value of Bitcoin will collapse.
Bitcoin is magical, what is its magic?
If you want to get Bitcoin, in addition to buying it, you can also mine it. The original Bitcoin is mined!
1) Mining
The first thing that comes to mind for many people is the image of a coal mine:
Mine, absenteeism, dust , black coal, large trucks.
Bitcoin mines are not like this. They only need electricity, network cables, and computers. However, mining this mine is a technical job, and it tests the performance of the computer's CPU and GPU.
2) Transaction
How does a Bitcoin transaction proceed?
Each user has a unique address, which is the Bitcoin "wallet". For every transaction, for example: A pays B a Bitcoin, a Weibo post will be posted publicly in the system saying: "I gave B a Bitcoin @B". These records will be kept as evidence at every terminal of the system. on the chain.
If A wants to go back on his word and tamper with Bitcoin’s transaction history, then every terminal record on the network must be modified. However, this is not easy, because only A whose computing power exceeds the sum of the computing power of all nodes in the system can tamper with transaction records. Obviously, this is unrealistic.
In the transaction process, Bitcoin uses a decentralized accounting method, which is also blockchain technology. Simply put, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.
What is blockchain?
The blockchain was created along with Bitcoin. During the formation of Bitcoin, blocks were storage units one by one, recording the exchange information of each block node. Blocks are very similar to database records,Every time data is written, a block is created. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology. Everyone participates in accounting, and everyone has a copy of the ledger information. This account book is not easy to forge and is traceable.
For example:
On a certain day of a certain year, Lao Wang lent Xiao Wang 10,000 yuan. Lao Wang told everyone around him the news , the transfer records were posted on WeChat Moments, and everyone helped them testify to the existence of this transaction.
Lao Wang and Xiao Wang are two nodes. These two nodes generate transaction time, location, person and other information, and they are packaged to form a "block". Lao Wang’s friends are also nodes. These nodes jointly record the transaction status and details (blocks) of the two nodes Lao Wang and Xiao Wang. These blocks are connected to form a chain, forming a decentralized database.
In the past, only both parties knew when Lao Wang and Xiao Wang borrowed money. This was the centralized accounting model. But now everyone knows it and records it in their own ledgers. This is the decentralized accounting model. model.
When one day, Xiao Wang regrets that he did not borrow the money, everyone around him will know their transaction information, so Xiao Wang will not be able to deny it. This is the blockchain Information sharing cannot be tampered with.
How do ordinary people make money by participating in the blockchain?
I have summarized several methods suitable for ordinary people to make money during the blockchain bonus period.
1. Direct investment in blockchain: buy coins or buy some blockchain stocks, but the currency circle is risky, so you must be cautious when buying, and there are many blockchain stocks now. However, there are risks in the stock market, so investment needs to be cautious.
2. Make blockchain self-media: run a WeChat public account or Toutiao account, write articles about blockchain and publish them on it. If you are good, you can also get some good profits.
3. Participate in technology development: In fact, it is very simple, it is to participate in the process of blockchain development. However, this method requires high technical threshold.
4. Blockchain training: Companies that can provide blockchain technology training or knowledge training.
That’s all the relevant knowledge about what blockchain is, I hope it can bring you some help.
