bbf区块链,bft/btc

❶ What is spa currency?

According to the investigation, SPA currency is one of the native tokens of the sperax platform and belongs to the platform currency. Sperax was established at the end of 2019 and is committed to Build a full-stack Defi ecosystem and promote financial inclusion. Sperax has currently launched the hybrid stablecoin SperaxUSD (USDs), and will also launch a series of other products. Sperax's mobile application SperaxPlay has more than 600,000 users since its launch in April 2021.
Sperax’s project vision is to allow everyone to enjoy the best DeFi services. Sperax blockchain, initiated by top North American cryptographers, is designed based on the independently developed new generation blockchain consensus protocol - BDLS consensus protocol - and is similar to other leading blockchains, such as Cosmos (Tendermint consensus), Polkadot ( Compared with GRANDPA consensus) and Ethereum 2.0 (CasperFFG consensus), Sperax is truly safe and efficient in the real Internet environment.
On top of the consensus layer architecture of the Sperax blockchain, the Sperax Foundation released a native multi-currency stable currency-sCOIN. It bridges the gap between internet users and native encryption applications. Sperax believes that with the Sperax blockchain, more people will enjoy the benefits of decentralized finance (DeFi) applications based on blockchain technology in the future.

Extended information
1. SPA coin investment prospects and value analysis
Sperax is a full-stack financial public chain platform, committed to becoming a trusted decentralization that connects traditional finance and distributed ecosystems economic infrastructure. With its innovative BDLS protocol, Sperax provides a secure, high-performance consensus module. In terms of token economic design, Sperax introduces endogenous stable coins and embedded financial layers to provide developers with scalability for developing distributed applications and business models.
Sperax is a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) based blockchain using the BFT consensus protocol, which prioritizes security and liveness and aims to promote blockchain by providing a higher level of security in open networks Ecosystem development.


2. Which exchange can I buy SPA coins on?
Currently, SPA currency has been listed on 7 exchanges.
1. Huobi Global Professional Station
Huobi Global Professional Station is an innovative digital asset international station under Huobi Group that serves professional trading users around the world. is committed to discovering high-quality innovative digital asset investment opportunities. It currently provides trading and investment services in more than 40 digital asset categories. It is headquartered in Singapore and is operated by the Huobi Global Professional Station team.
2. MEXC Global
MEXC Global is a joint venture between Wall Street and senior Japanese and European quantitative trading teams.A platform focused on blockchain asset exchange and exchange created by senior chain practitioners through decentralized self-organization. MEXC Global will provide users with more secure, convenient and intelligent blockchain asset circulation services, aggregate global high-quality blockchain assets, integrate the world's top security technologies, and strive to create the world's top international station for blockchain assets.
3. Open Sesame International Station
Gate, io Open Sesame International Station, is a global blockchain asset international station with attitude. Since its establishment in 2013, it has provided nearly 500 high-quality blockchain asset trading and investment services to millions of users from more than 224 countries around the world.
4. Coinw
Coinw is a well-known international digital asset website opened in Singapore, providing global users with transactions of high-quality mainstream digital assets such as BTC, ETH, HC, EOS, LTC, XRP, and QTUM. Serve. Coinw provides a mobile APP for users to operate anytime and anywhere.
5. Hoo.com
Hoo.com is an innovative blockchain digital asset international station under the Hoo Group. It provides a wide range of blockchain asset services to global users and focuses on discovering high-quality innovative blockchain asset investment opportunities. , headquartered in Cayman. Hufu Group is a one-stop blockchain asset service provider with global innovation and competitiveness. Since its establishment, its products have been continuously iterated, operations have continued to innovate, and the ecosystem has steadily advanced, providing safe and efficient services to millions of users from around the world. Open service platform.
6. Hotbit
HOTBIT Global is the world's leading international station for blockchain digital assets, providing digital currency trading services in 450+ currencies to users in more than 210 countries and regions around the world. HOTBIT was established in January 2018 and is headquartered in Hong Kong. It has obtained an Estonian digital asset trading license. The concept of HOTBIT is to be the Amazon of the digital asset market, provide liquidity support to project parties, and provide a good user experience for investors.
7. BKEX
BKEX is an innovative digital asset international station for professional users around the world, providing trading and investment services between a variety of digital assets. BKEX is a global digital asset financial service platform with independent trading business and operation centers in mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, the United States, South Korea and other countries and regions. It is a global leader in terms of technology platforms, product lines, safety risk control systems, operations and customer service systems.

❷ What is cspr coin and who issues it

Casper network is a PoS public chain, aiming at developers to get started quickly, improve smart contract performance and enterprise integration Optimized, the consensus mechanism supporting the network is the Highway protocol, which is developed based on Casper's original CBC specification PoS proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. doAs a secure and active consensus model under the BFT concept, the Highway protocol has made two improvements: making the threshold of network finality higher; and achieving flexibility that cannot be achieved by typical BFT models.
Extended information:
1.CSPR is the native token of the Casper network. As a proof-of-stake blockchain, the Casper network uses CSPR to reward validators who participate in the PoS consensus mechanism to protect and maintain the network. Casper public chain token holders can also use CSPR tokens to pay network fees for on-chain operations.
2. CasperLabs has three features: CasperLab Highway, a smart contract platform with PoS mechanism, and a safe and feasible CBC Casper implementation, which is the Ethereum 3.0 architecture.
3. Most PoS blockchains are designed using the Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocol. The BFT protocol refers to the ability of a blockchain network to efficiently and repeatedly generate consensus among a set of distributed autonomous nodes. The BFT consensus model assumes that there are no more than 1/3 dishonest nodes in a network. Under the assumption that there are 2/3 honest nodes, the BFT blockchain can operate safely for a long time and maintain the immutability and verifiability of its transaction history.
4. Casper's Highway protocol is not only a safe and active consensus model under the BFT concept, but also achieves two important improvements: first, it makes the threshold of network finality (Finality) higher; second, it can Achieve flexibility that cannot be achieved by typical BFT models. The advanced BFT consensus mechanism design also makes Casper a more competitive smart contract platform in the PoS public chain.
5. Casper itself has the potential to be a king-level project. Although from a time point of view, Casper's mainnet launch time and ecological start are later than Ethereum, but in essence, Casper and Ethereum have the same origin. . And from an ecological perspective, Casper and Ethereum themselves complement each other.
6. We all know that Ethereum is an early public chain. It is not an exaggeration to say that it carries half of the industry. This can be confirmed by the start and prosperity of the ecosystem and the recognition of industry developers and investors. of. However, while Ethereum ensures security and decentralization, it sacrifices efficiency, that is, its own scalability. Ethereum, due to its own efficiency issues, is obviously unable to carry the current business ecosystem, and it is difficult to become an enterprise-level public chain to serve the traditional world.

❸ GMPC Hybrid Chain has reached a strategic cooperation with the big data blockchain project GG56 to jointly promote the development of blockchain!

Recently, the 16th International Financial Forum (IFF) was held in Guangzhou. GMPC CEO Brian and Columbus Planet founder Park were invited by Han Seung-soo, Chairman of the 56th United Nations General Assembly, to participate in this forum. With the theme of "Global Stability: New Changes and New Developments", this annual meeting deeply discussed the future of digital finance. The important role in economic development and the important role that my country plays in the world blockchain economy.

At the end of the meeting, GMPC CEO Brian and Columbus Planet founder Park were invited to share a dinner with Han Shengzhu. During the period, Brian, founder and CEO of GMPC, started from the current development status of the global blockchain industry, deeply discussed the current situation, opportunities and challenges of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises under the trend of economic globalization, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to ensure the global development of Chinese enterprises. convoy. Witnessed by Han Seung-soo, GMPC CEO Brian reached a cooperation intention with GG56 (Global Good 5 Oceans 6 Continents), a big data blockchain company founded by Han Seung-soo.

As an international financial public platform and strategic think tank, the International Financial Forum (IFF) has been hailed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as the "F20 (Finance20)" in the global financial field. The International Financial Forum (IFF) adheres to and follows the purpose of "comprehensive and sustainable development - new capital, new value, new world" and is committed to building a world-class academic think tank and multilateral dialogue platform with strategic vision.

01

#focus on the future path of new globalization#

The International Financial Forum (IFF) has been held regularly every year since its establishment in 2003. Global annual meetings, previous annual meetings have attracted hundreds of political dignitaries and financial leaders from around the world. Including United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Ban Ki-moon, former European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet, former Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, His Highness Prince Turki of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Supachai, President of the International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde, President of the Bank for International Settlements Caruana, etc.

The previous annual meetings have yielded fruitful results, and the experts’ countermeasures and suggestions have had an important impact in the international financial field and become an important reference for formulating economic and financial policies. So far, the International Financial Forum (IFF) has attracted more than 1,000 leaders and well-known experts and scholars from all over the world in politics, economics, finance and other fields to participate in and deliver speeches at the annual meeting, with more than 10,000 participants, and has produced Widespread global impact.

The high-quality economic minutes of the International Financial Forum (IFF) promote international financial cooperation and development and have a decisive impact on the healthy development of international finance. Many political figures have highly recognized the important status of IFF.

The then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon once said: I highly commend the International Financial Forum (IFF) for its valuable contribution to global policy dialogue. Therefore, the F20 Initiative: Reshape the Nature of Finance and Lead the Trend.

Trichet, former President of the European Central Bank, Chairman of the Group of 30, and European Chairman of the Trilateral Commission, spoke highly of the role played by the IFF since its establishment. He pointed out: The International Financial Forum (IFF) has always followed a comprehensive Sustainable development - the purpose of new capital, new value and new world. I must point out that this purpose of the International Financial Forum (IFF) is most in line with the current trend of improving the new international economic and financial pattern.

Paul Volcker, former chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve and chairman of the U.S. President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Committee, also pointed out: The International Financial Forum (IFF) is an important platform dedicated to promoting international financial cooperation and development. I hope to continue this important mission.

The 16th Global Annual Conference of the International Financial Forum (IFF) is co-sponsored by the Guangzhou Municipal Government and the International Financial Forum (IFF), and jointly organized by the Guangzhou Local Financial Supervision Bureau, Guangzhou Nansha Development Zone Management Committee, Organized by International Financial Forum (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. The annual meeting will conduct in-depth and comprehensive discussions around the theme of "Global Stability: New Changes and New Developments", and comprehensively explore pragmatic paths for financial innovation and stable development.

The guest lineup of this annual meeting is unprecedentedly strong, including nearly a hundred international guests, including eight former political figures and one current political figure. They are:

Former Prime Minister of Belgium He Man Van Rompuy;

Chairman Han Seung-soo of the 56th United Nations General Assembly;

Laurent Fabius, Chairman of the French Constitutional Committee and Chairman of the 21st United Nations Climate Change Summit;

Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives and former President of the Philippines Arroyo;

Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico and Director of the Center for Globalization Studies at Yale University;

Participating in this annual meeting were Carlos Dominguez, Secretary of Finance of the Philippines; Benjamin Diokno, Governor of the Central Bank of the Philippines; Ross Sevara, Minister of State of the Ministry of Finance and Economics of Cambodia, etc.; Chinese People’s More than 200 leading guests, financial dignitaries and financial experts, including leaders from banks, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China National Social Security Fund, as well as relevant leaders from Guangdong Province and Shanghai Municipality, attended the annual meeting to focus on the new development trends of globalization. .

02

#Blockchain financial exploration drives financial innovation#

This forum mainly focuses on artificial intelligence, financial technology, venture capital, regional Blockchain, smart manufacturing and other hot topics collide with wisdom and build consensus. In the "International Fintech Summit" sub-venue, the guests spoke about "Fintech and DigitalWith the theme of "Reform", we will conduct an in-depth discussion of the contemporary significance and practical significance of financial technology and digital transformation, blockchain financial exploration, and innovative development of payment methods.

03

# catch Seize every opportunity to cooperate with China#

With the development of the economy, obvious problems have arisen in the original financial system full of middlemen, and the inherent flaws and systemic risks in global economic governance continue to expand. .In this context, technological progress and changes in financial solutions in the digital era provide a new perspective for the transformation of global economic governance.

As an underlying technology with a framework, blockchain It can use technologies such as encrypted chain block structure, peer-to-peer network, distributed algorithm and data cloud storage to propose a more open, transparent and easily accessible financial system and create new connection methods and business models.< br />
GG56’s BTour Chain project is based on blockchain technology and is committed to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the tourism industry, improving the structural problems of the tourism industry, promoting emerging tourism culture and donation culture, and aims to create a new tourism ecology. Through technological innovation and the perfect integration of "blockchain + big data", GG56 will expand new application areas.

In the blockchain industry, China has always maintained an absolute Leading position. On October 24, China’s national leaders emphasized at the 18th collective learning meeting: to use blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technologies and accelerate the development of blockchain technology and industrial innovation; October 28 On the same day, the People’s Bank of China took the lead in launching the digital currency DCEP. A series of measures are announcing to the world China’s strength and determination to enter the blockchain industry. We need to seize every opportunity to cooperate with China.

Although blockchain technology can improve the problems of middlemen in traditional financial models, blockchain data is native and cannot directly receive external data. Between public chains, public chains and alliances The chain, alliance chain and alliance chain are like a parallel world, unable to produce fast interactive behaviors, resulting in the inability to transfer value in the blockchain system. This situation has led to a new problem - blockchain value island .

The problem of value islands has inhibited the development of blockchain technology. How can blockchain technology maximize its financial utility? The emergence of a new hybrid chain architecture is particularly important and urgent. In this context, GMPC founder Brain proposed the concept of hybrid chain and created the world's first multi-chain compound hybrid chain GMPC. Based on the first MixLink protocol, GMPC transports traffic and exchanges assets to value islands in the blockchain. , and ultimately realize asset interconnection and interoperability between public chains, alliance chains and even cross-chains, striving to overcome the value islands of blockchain and achieve interoperability of all things.

04

#GMPC conquers the value island of blockchain#

GMPC hybrid chain is committed to creating a scalable container when GMPC interacts with external links. , External links do not need to change the original technical structure, and the purpose of interconnection can be achieved on the premise of respecting the original structure of Wanlian as much as possible.

GMPC’s core technical architecture mainly includes three technical components: the first core component is the consensus language, which supports Turing complete language, etc.; the second GMPC’s TOKEN economic model and JBFT consensus mechanism are We improved the consensus mechanism based on the BFT consensus mechanism;

The third is the Mixlink protocol, which includes three levels of protocols: the first layer of protocols is the basic application traffic distribution protocol, Many Internet APPs and blockchain DAPPs can be connected to the hybrid chain ecosystem and distributed using the basic traffic distribution protocol; secondly, it also has an interaction protocol with external links, through which assets and information can be reached with external links The purpose of interoperability; the third is the value circulation agreement, which classifies different consensus mechanism external links and then summarizes them into the same multi-command, which can effectively improve efficiency. The third is the Mixlink protocol. This protocol includes three levels of protocols: The first level protocol is the basic application traffic distribution protocol, which can connect many Internet APPs and blockchain DAPPs to the hybrid chain ecosystem and utilize basic traffic. Distribution agreement for distribution; secondly, it also has an interaction agreement with external links, through which the purpose of asset and information exchange can be achieved with external links; the third is the value circulation agreement, which classifies external links with different consensus mechanisms, and then Boiled into the same multiple commands, this can effectively improve efficiency.

05

#GMPC and GG56 signed a strategic cooperation agreement#

GMPC Hybrid Chain takes promoting the development of the blockchain industry as its own responsibility and promotes the development of the blockchain industry. As its mission to promote the good development of new financial models through chain ecology, GMPC Hybrid Chain’s solid blockchain technology has been highly praised by Han Seung-soo, former Prime Minister of South Korea and Chairman of the 56th United Nations General Assembly.

As the only South Korean project that won the bid under the strategic deployment of the Belt and Road Initiative, GMPC Hybrid Chain will work with the Guangzhou Municipal Government and the International Financial Forum to jointly build Nansha International Financial City, actively promote the implementation of the Belt and Road strategic projects, and maintain , develop the economies of China and South Korea.

In the golden age of blockchain development, cooperation can lead to win-win results. On January 4, 2020, the G Pay Global Launch Conference and Cooperation Strategy Signing Conference concluded successfully in Qingdao. GMPC founder Brian CHOI and GG56 China President Shen Zaiyuan were invited to attend the conference and deliver speeches. existWitnessed by the guests present, GMPC founder Brian CHOI and GG56 China President Shen Zaiyuan signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two companies will carry out in-depth cooperation in areas such as blockchain technology and payment models to jointly promote the development of blockchain.

❹ Why is Xiaoyi said to be China’s benchmark blockchain project and can truly apply to financial application scenarios

Why is Xiaoyi said to be China’s benchmark blockchain project? Why is Xiaoyi called the P2P Nasdaq? The answer lies in the growth trajectory of Xiaoyi.

Xiaoyi is an asset digitization system based on blockchain technology. It sprouted in 2014 and started in 2015. In April 2016, Xiaoyi proposed an improved Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm dBFT (delegated BFT), which ensures the finality of the system to the greatest extent and enables the blockchain to be applied to real applications. financial application scenarios.

1
The bud of the Xiaoyi project

Xiaoyi is an asset digitization system based on blockchain technology. It was originally born from the idea of ​​"Bit Entrepreneurship Camp". After a year, the Yi Blockchain finally took shape in 2015.

Xiaoyi Blockchain is China’s benchmark blockchain project. Xiaoyi is currently the only real-time open source blockchain project in China.

Yi Blockchain successfully completed ICO Phase I in October 2015, raising 2,100 Bitcoins. After more than 9 months of development, the overall blockchain industry at home and abroad has developed rapidly. With the efforts of the Yi team and the help of the Yi community, the Yi blockchain has achieved considerable development. .

The inspiration for the Xiaoyi project came from an internal meeting at the Bit Startup Camp in the first half of 2014. At that time, it was proposed to create a digital currency for crowdfunding. This was Xiaoyi’s original idea. As for why it was named "Little Ant"? Because everyone felt that Ant’s community system fit well with the product concept we wanted to create, so we decided happily.

A white paper was released in September 2015, officially defining Xiaoyi as a blockchain digital asset platform. That is, Xiaoyi is based on blockchain technology and digitizes the assets and rights of the physical world through A decentralized network protocol for peer-to-peer network registration, issuance, transfer transactions, clearing and delivery and other financial services.

Simply put, Xiaoyi is used to issue and trade equity. The bottom layer of Xiaoyi is based on blockchain technology, which means that the maintenance of the equity database is not controlled by a centralized company, but is jointly maintained by all Xiaoyi participants.

Equity issuance, transactions and other behaviors in Xiaoyi occur directly between users and do not require a third party. Therefore, we compare Xiaoyi to the P2P version of Nasdaq and the Uber of digital assets.

At the end of October 2015, Xiaoyi openedThe first batch of crowdfunding was launched and 2,100 Bitcoins were raised in ten days. After nearly a year, the second phase of Yi crowdfunding, which many investors are paying attention to, will officially launch globally on August 8. Following international experience, this crowdfunding of Yi shares only accepts Bitcoin.

2
Everyone’s digital assets

Xiaoyi uses electronic contracts to record the flow of digital assets. In Xiaoyi, electronic contract vouchers, as a general underlying data, can be used to record various rights and assets such as equity, debt, securities, financial contracts, points, bills, currencies, etc., and can be used for equity crowdfunding, equity transactions, Employee stock ownership plans, P2P lending, points, funds, supply chain finance and other fields.

The common practice for asset digitization in the blockchain field is "tokenization", that is, the user issues a custom token and declares that the token represents a certain asset. This token can then be transferred and traded among users like Bitcoin.

However, tokenization has many legal flaws. The circulation of tokens is similar to a transfer - tokens can flow from the sender to the recipient without the consent of the recipient. This kind of flow is only suitable for assets such as currency that have only rights but no obligations, but not for assets with complex rights and obligations such as equity and debt.

Therefore, transfers in Xiaoyi are completed in the form of electronic contracts, and most asset transfers require the transferor and transferee to electronically sign with their private keys. In some cases, the asset issuer is also required to participate in the signature.

Xiaoyi’s built-in Xiaoyi shares and Xiaoyi coins are not used as a store of value, a trading medium, or a unit of measurement. Xiaoyi shares represent the voting rights and income rights of the Xiaoyi system and are used to elect bookkeepers and obtain Xiaoyi coins in proportion; Xiaoyi coins represent the right to use the Xiaoyi system and are used to pay blockchain byte fees.

In other words, Xiaoyi uses electronic signatures to sign equity transfer agreements and uses blockchain to save all transaction records. In essence, it is more like an electronic contract system than a digital currency system.

On the Xiaoyi blockchain, recording asset transfers in the form of electronic contracts is just a new on-chain solution for offline asset transfers. It does not create new legal relationships and solves the problem of generation. The legal flaws of currencyization can be connected to third-party payment and other financial institutions.

Xiaoyi’s vision (mission) is “digital assets for everyone”. Blockchains such as Bitcoin build a parallel financial system that is parallel to the physical world, and Xiaoyi hopes to build a bridge-type financial system that can connect to assets in the physical world.

❺Is it true that China Merchants Bank is going to close down?

Hello, it is false that China Merchants Bank is going to close down. China Merchants Bank is operating very well. You can check them online for the previous year. operating reports. Such commercial banks,The relevant operating asset statements are made public every year. China Merchants Bank is China's first joint-stock commercial bank wholly owned by a corporate entity. It was established on April 8, 1987 and is headquartered in Shenzhen.
The head office of China Merchants Bank is located in Futian District, Shenzhen City. On April 9, 2002, China Merchants Bank A shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. On September 8, 2006, China Merchants Bank began a public offering in Hong Kong, issuing approximately 2.2 billion H shares and raising HKD 20 billion. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on September 22, with net capital exceeding RMB 290 billion and total assets. exceeded 4.4 trillion yuan. As of the first half of 2017, CMB has more than 1,800 branches and more than 130 service outlets in cities in mainland China, including 5 overseas branches, 3 overseas representative offices and 7 employees. In addition, China Merchants Bank also wholly owns China Merchants Bank Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., controls China Merchants Fund Management Co., Ltd., and holds 50% equity and 50% equity in Cigna Life Insurance Co., Ltd. Equity of China Merchants Alliance Consumer Finance Co., Ltd.; wholly owned Wing Lung Bank Co., Ltd. and China Merchants Bank International Financial Holdings Co., Ltd. in Hong Kong.
On April 9, 2002, CMB A shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange; on September 22, 2006, they were listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Mainly engaged in banking and financial services.
Extended information: 1: The development history of China Merchants Bank
On July 19, 2018, the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list was released, with China Merchants Bank ranking 213th. [6] On September 20, China Merchants Bank issued an announcement on the National Internet Financial Registration Information Disclosure Service Platform of the China Asset Management Association, stating that it had passed the evaluation of the personal online loan fund depository system (the "white list" of depository banks for P2P online lending institutions). [7] On October 11, Forbes released its 2018 list of the world’s best employers, with China Merchants Bank ranking 160th.
On November 1, 2018, China Merchants Bank Shenzhen Branch directly connected with the Shenzhen Taxation Bureau blockchain platform through the system and issued the first blockchain electronic invoice after handling precious metal procurement business for customers. The first batch of blockchain electronic invoices were directly connected to the Shenzhen blockchain electronic invoice platform through the system, becoming the first domestic blockchain electronic invoice pilot bank.
In December 2020, China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd., a direct bank jointly established by China Merchants Bank and JD Digital Technology Co., Ltd., was approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission for its establishment.