区块链和法律,区块链与商业应用

⑴ What is the relationship between blockchain and digital currency

Blockchain refers to a chain connected by a series of data blocks (i.e. blocks), and the way of connection Yes: The N+1th block contains the hash value of the Nth block. Moreover, such a chain of data blocks is simultaneously stored and maintained by a widely distributed and huge number of server nodes. Each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain. Digital currency is another form of existence and circulation of legal currency. Compared with the banknotes and coins currently in circulation, digital currency exists in a digital way. The legal existence of digital currency is legal and is based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology for digital currency issuance. This is also the most direct relationship between the two. They can exist independently of each other. The content of this article comes from: China Law Press "Financial Code of the People's Republic of China: Application Edition"

⑵ What is the relationship between blockchain technology and the financial industry

Blockchain technology has difficult The advantages of tamper-proof and easy traceability can be used in identity information management, trust mechanism construction, and small and micro enterprise credit information chain integration.

Here is an example of a bank in Nanping:

Due to the explosion of online business, the original offline signing method can no longer satisfy the bank. With the demand for rapid business changes, the digital construction of banks is urgent, but bank risk control departments have strict compliance requirements:

Is the online business data sensitive and private, and is the transmission safe?

Does electronic signature have legal effect?

Is electronic evidence admissible in court?

These concerns have become obstacles for banks to introduce electronic contracts and carry out digital transformation of their businesses.

After adopting the unique ENA active evidence collection patented technology of the "Real Hammer" trusted electronic evidence platform, a bank in Nanping used the notary office to clean the server to preserve and store the electronic data of the target system online in real time. With the issuance of certificates, the entire process of electronic data from generation, transmission to storage is recorded. Finally, the notary office issues an evidence collection and preservation report stamped with the official seal. The document is a notarized document and can be directly accepted by the court. Since the report is issued by the notary public office, it is relevant. Compared with the self-certification of third-party electronic contract platforms, it is more credible and solves the concerns of bank risk control departments in one fell swoop. The entire process is online and automated, and front-end customer operations are imperceptible.

At the same time, combined with the "real hammer" middle and back-end case-like system and outsourced execution services, the bank has achieved rapid dispute resolution in Internet business. It not only ensures the compliance and effectiveness of the electronic contract signing process, but also solves the problems of bank cases being scattered across the country, high legal travel costs, long litigation cycles, and no efficient disposal channels.

⑶ The relationship between digital currency and blockchain

1. Blockchain and digital currency complement each other and are inseparable. Blockchain is one of the means of digital currency circulation.
2. Blockchain is the theoretical basis of digital currency. Digital currency is based on blockchain.Established on the basis of technical means, blockchain has a certain guarantee for the security of digital currency. At the same time, digital currency is the most successful application of blockchain technology.
Extended information: 1. Digital currency is an unregulated, digital currency, usually issued and managed by developers, and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking Authority defines virtual currency as: a digital representation of value that is not issued by a central bank or authority and is not linked to a legal currency, but which, because it is accepted by the public, can be used as a means of payment or can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. .
2. Digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency mainly reflect three aspects: ① Because it comes from certain open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing entity, so no person or institution can control its issuance; ② Since the number of algorithm solutions is determined, the digital currency The total amount of currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by excessive issuance of virtual currency; ③ Since the transaction process requires the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough.
3. The blockchain shared value system was first imitated by many cryptocurrencies, and improvements were made in proof of work and algorithms, such as the use of proof of equity and SCrypt algorithms. Subsequently, the blockchain ecosystem continued to evolve around the world, with the emergence of initial coin offerings (ICO); the smart contract blockchain Ethereum; the asset tokenization sharing economy with “light ownership, heavy usage rights”; and blockchain countries. People are using this shared value system to develop decentralized computer programs in all walks of life and build decentralized autonomous organizations and decentralized autonomous communities around the world.

⑷ It can increase the price of graphics cards. The world is short of electricity. What exactly is blockchain and why it can change the world

It is very likely that everyone is paying attention to the term blockchain technology. , mostly due to the sudden rise of Bitcoin to 100,000 yuan in 2017, and the 4-fold increase in the stock price of Xunlei Resources, which built Wanke Cloud with blockchain technology. This shows that other things and all companies only need to The word blockchain technology becomes an instant hit without exception. The term digital currency is gradually gaining popularity among the people, and as it happens, there are usually "coin mining" and "digital currency".

Blockchain technology is different. You can buy and sell directly with sellers. As long as everyone follows the principle of paying once and delivering goods, there will be no problem. In this way, the middleman is eliminated, the stock trading time is greatly shortened, and the whole process is efficient and practical. There will even be no payment failure in the Alipay wallet in the early morning of Double Eleven, and the transaction information of the two parties can only be known to each other. The sensitive transaction information between each other will not be known to third parties, thus ensuring the protection of personal information.

⑸ Which industry is the blockchain most closely related to?

The use of blockchain technology is generally most closely related to the banking and financial industries. After all, blockchain technology To a certain extent yesIn order to improve the security of financial transactions

⑹ What is the relationship between blockchain and trading platforms

For platforms like Binance, transactions and blockchain technology are carried out simultaneously. In other words, where there is a blockchain, there are encrypted transactions. Based on blockchain technology, there is a subtle relationship.

⑺ Blockchain and Token Economy

Tokens do not necessarily have to run on the blockchain system, and the blockchain system does not necessarily have to have a pass. proof, but the combination of the two can provide us with a very powerful tool. Using blockchain as infrastructure to support the entire token economy can change our production relations, including the organizational model of our economy and society, and create new business models.

Blockchain and Token Economy

We can see several characteristics of the entire token economy, including its ability to quickly transfer value based on smart contracts. At the same time, a good token economic model can realize a closed loop of the entire economy, while providing an automatic and timely incentive mechanism and a complete game system. For different blockchain systems, the models and rules of token design are still different.

Tokens can be divided into four categories, including consensus-based consensus platform basic tokens, application ecological tokens, value-anchored tokens and equity financial tokens. However, the core of these types of tokens still lies in how to comply with laws and regulations, including how to achieve anti-money laundering and KYC.

Blockchain and Token Economy

The basic token design based on the consensus platform will be relatively simple. It is also easy to form a value closed loop. The main thing is that the pass is used as a consensus reward to reward the consensus nodes, and then the user uses the pass as a handling fee for the blockchain system.

The design of similar tokens including supporting infrastructure is also very simple. It is to provide resources to obtain tokens, and to use resources you must pay for tokens. The biggest feature here is that all payments, transfers, Incentives are completed automatically and comply with the rules defined by the entire system.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Value-anchored tokens are relatively simple. The core feature is that they require a strong credit institution to endorse the value anchor. , our most common one is USDT. It is Tether that ensures the value anchoring of the US dollar and USDT in the entire system. That is to say, when he receives a US dollar, he will generate a USDT token. If someone withdraws a US dollar from his account, there will be a corresponding token. USDT is destroyed. Others include a gold-anchored project I saw before, which also requires the amount of gold in an exchange seat to ensure the anchoring of the entire value.

Some systems that are also based on asset digitization, including real estate and other transaction systems, also require real estate.Housing mortgage institutions, including housing management bureaus and other institutions, freeze and hand over the above-listed assets to ensure the anchoring relationship is achieved. This inspiration for us is that many blockchain application systems need to adapt to the economic system and organizational form in the real world, so the combination of centralization and decentralization may be a feasible way to implement blockchain applications. A solution.

The application-type token economic model is relatively complex. It may be a complete system that combines consensus basic tokens, value-anchored tokens, and application own tokens. We can often see that many applications are designed with this two-layer token system.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

The picture shows two different two-layer token systems : The first is a dual-layer token system based on a combination of equity tokens and circulation tokens. The first dual control model should be proposed by BitShares, which was called bone wall separation at the time. The lower layer is a token based on an equity of the platform.

Because BitShares is a decentralized exchange system, the above defines the anchor tokens corresponding to transactions in various decentralized exchanges. Another such dual-layer token model design is the application project based on gold anchoring just mentioned. Its underlying equity token is also an equity token for the income of the entire platform, while the upper layer is anchored with gold. Such a circulation pass.

The gold-anchored tokens circulating in the upper level can be used in underdeveloped countries in Africa or some countries with high inflation for value payment and circulation. The underlying equity tokens are the income of the entire platform, which are some handling fees obtained from transaction circulation, including some long-term dividend tokens. The second two-layer pass model is a platform and local relationship. The underlying application platform token represents the entire value income and rights of the platform. The upper-level tokens are individual and partial tokens, which can be issued by participants or some groups. The issuance method is relatively flexible and reflects the individual and local value. Generally speaking, slightly complex systems will be designed into a two-layer token model.

In fact, strictly speaking, if we want to consider the consensus incentives of the underlying consensus nodes, it should be a three-layer token economic model. Teacher Meng Yan has proposed a set of overall methodologies and tool models for the design and analysis of complex economic systems.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

Among the seven principles of revitalizing economic design, we Personally, I think the value origin principle and value loop principle are very important. The value origin principle is easy to understand. When the entire system is minimized, it has a basicIt has basic practical value, just like Bitcoin and Ethereum both provide minimum value, that is, the entire network can obtain rewards through consensus. That is to say, when users running mining rewards want to use the system, they have to pay handling fees and Ethereum is the equivalent of gas fees for running smart contracts.

In terms of the value loop principle, every role in the entire token economic system is required to be on the value loop. To form a closed loop, there cannot be a base point, and there cannot be some roles that all tokens enter. , there is no output, and some nodes only have exits but no entrances.

Blockchain and Token Economy

Blockchain and Token Economy

Eight things to know about multiple distribution and token design Traps, these contents are all designed in the system of Teacher Meng Yan. I would like to share with you some methodologies about the design of token economy, because Teacher Meng Yan has some very detailed discussions. You can check the teacher’s online Something to share.

However, the core idea of ​​the token economy is to create new business models. It may not be to solve some pain points, but to completely change the way the original business model operates. Since the blockchain ensures the operation and trustworthiness of all systems, reasonable incentive mechanisms will be recognized by everyone. At the same time, these principles and incentive mechanisms are transparent.

To give an interesting example of the token economic model, the token economic systems of T3D and Former 3D have become popular recently. Although it is a gambling game, the rules are even designed directly into the model of a Ponzi scheme. In fact, the design of P3D is not in line with the token model design shared by Teacher Meng Yan above. It violates the principles of value origin and value loop. But one of its innovations is that it uses Ethereum's smart contracts to formulate rules. The rules are transparent, thus avoiding problems such as cheating and banker running away.

At the same time, it proposes that Fomer 3D returns the benefits to T3D participants, thus realizing a closed loop of value loop. This example may not be very appropriate, but we can also see that the token economy still needs some innovative and scalable thinking. Therefore, the combination of the real economy and the blockchain economic system requires some innovative thinking on our part, and its core lies in motivating all parties involved.

Reasonable and timely incentives are one of the key points of the token economy. Changing the operation of the real economy based on incentive mechanisms is a powerful boost to the real economy. At the same time, the roles of consumer resource providers and contributors will overlap, and their boundaries will become blurred, so new business models may emerge.

Let’s take another example. This is an advertising system in the virtual world. It is an application based on geographical location information., divides the entire map of the real world into two-kilometer square blocks. Participants can purchase these blocks, and then advertisers can send advertisements to these blocks based on positioning information. Users can earn revenue after clicking on the advertisements. At the same time, the owner of the geographical location block can get the corresponding share. In this case, each geographical block has a certain value and can be used to conduct some transactions. The underlying token of its platform can be used to purchase these plots for advertising or user income. In this way, all participating parties have obtained their own corresponding benefits, which is a token economic system worth learning from.

So we can see that blockchain can also achieve various applications in different industries, including the medical industry, financial industry, public service industry, etc. But no matter what, we should pay attention to a few principles. First of all, blockchain is not a panacea. In application scenarios with strong centralized trust guarantees, blockchain is not necessarily required. Blockchain is suitable for application scenarios where new credit cannot be guaranteed and multiple stakeholders participate. Rather than solving existing business pain points, blockchain is more inclined to change economic models and business models and change rules. This is also an issue that we need to pay attention to in terms of blockchain and industry applications, including in promoting the real economy.

⑻ What are the similarities between big data and blockchain, and how to understand its relationship with commercialization

Big data refers to data collected from many sources in multiple forms Huge data sets are often real-time. In the case of business-to-business sales, this data may come from social networks, e-commerce sites, customer visit records, and many other sources. These data are not normal data sets in the company's customer relationship management database. From a technical point of view, the relationship between big data and cloud computing is as inseparable as the two sides of the same coin. Big data cannot be processed by a single computer, and a distributed computing architecture must be used. Its characteristic lies in the mining of massive data, but it must rely on distributed processing, distributed database, cloud storage and/or virtualization technology of cloud computing. The meaning of big data is accompanied by the increasingly popular network behavior of human beings. It is collected by relevant departments and enterprises and contains the true intentions and preferences of data producers, as well as data with non-traditional structures and meanings.

⑼ What the blockchain changes is not productivity, but production relations. The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy!

"Lichang" - the first community for public chain mining

What the blockchain brings is a once-in-500-year opportunity, because it does not change productivity. But the relations of production.

1. Another economic form will be reborn

If a person works for a company 8 hours a day, must he work for a company in the future? Is it possible to be self-centered rather than company-centered?

This is the thinking brought to us by blockchain technology.

Most people think of blockchain as a new technology, some say it is a new generation of the Internet, and some call it the digitization of currency or assets. The author believes that what blockchain is facing is to subvert the entire social relations and social organization forms. It is a manifestation of the development of productivity to a certain stage. The Internet has brought about a great development of productivity. The previous production relations have no longer adapted to the development of productivity levels, and have even hindered the development of productivity.

The exchange of new productive forces and the birth of new production relations are the token economy brought about by blockchain technology. Its impact is much more profound than the blockchain technology itself.

Previous capitalist reforms were all centered around capital, and tokens will subvert the economy and even capital. The original modern company organization method of capital structure with raised funds as the core will be subverted by the future economic organization method of token structure with contribution incentives as the core.

The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy, and capitalism may be subverted by tokenism.

2. Reshaping human organizational forms and business organizations

The corporate system can be regarded as the greatest invention of capitalist society in the past few hundred years. It can be said that without the company, there would be no history of Britain becoming an empire on which the sun never sets, and there would be no strong rise of the United States. But as the company has developed over the years, problems have also emerged.

Labor creates value, but workers do not enjoy value, that is, those who create value do not enjoy value, and those who enjoy value do not create value. For example, in Taobao, value is created by executives, employees, consumers, distributors, and suppliers, but those who truly enjoy value are those who invest in the capital market.

It’s time for humankind’s organizational and economic forms to be reshaped. In the past, when running a company, as long as it raised funds, it could hire more people, buy more production materials, and expand reproduction. In this era of fragmentation, entrepreneurs no longer need to rely on a lot of capital to start a business. They can also crowdfund to start a business. Even if you don’t invest any money, as long as your people contribute to the company, they can enjoy the value of the company.

The organizational form of resources has changed: funds are no longer the most important, resources are the most important.

This organizational method is fully expressed by the blockchain. Wu Xiaobo mentioned a term called "entrepreneur": entrepreneur and investor. It is unimaginable that investors and entrepreneurs can be separated. All valuable things in a company are reflected on the balance sheet. Equipment, factories, and land are the most valuable assets. Now data and users are the most valuable assets in the future, and they are not reflected in the balance sheet.

3. Everyone is a contributor.At the same time, they are also enjoyers

The situation has always been that as an employee in the company, you get a salary, as an executive, you get rewards plus some options, the channel dealers earn the product price difference, and the partners earn a service fee. Now this logic has changed, and the source of value has been changed. In the past, the surplus value of labor was deprived of capital. In the future, everyone should be a contributor and everyone will enjoy it.

A person has a variety of resources: human resources, knowledge resources, and governance resources. Everything is centered on the individual, not around the product or the company.

Blockchain subverts the company's core value - maximizing shareholders' interests, and also subverts the company itself. Blockchain's transformation of traditional companies is reflected in its fragmentation of production processes and data, which is exactly the opposite of many social organizations. In the past, in industrialized societies, business could only be done on a large scale because transaction costs were very high.

Blockchain makes granular transactions possible, miniaturized and trustworthy. In the original exchange of capital flows, there must be a process of fund payment when signing a contract. After digital assetization, it can be automatically processed through smart contracts, and the company system faces various challenges.

In the future token economic structure, things that were originally considered valuable may become worthless, such as investors and managers, company equity, assets, and claims that form the basis of a company’s capital structure. , capital, funds; the corporate governance structure that constitutes the company's organizational structure - shareholders' meeting, board of directors, management and employees; the accounting statements that constitute the basis of the company's financial system - costs, assets, liabilities, profits, income, depreciation, etc.

4. What changes is not productivity, it changes production relations

The token system is a great invention. It is not a technology or a currency for financing, but the integration of all New organizational forms and operating methods for resource and value sharing are the next economic era. The “certificate circle” will become a more sustainable circle with the influx of more traditional companies after the “coin circle”, “chain circle” and “mining circle”.

Tokenized transformation: currency reform → chain reform → certificate reform

1C0 is the blood, the chain is the skeleton, and the token is the soul. It can make a person and a community come alive. Everyone is a creator and value contributor, and everyone is an owner and enjoyer. This is the real meaning. However, the current currency reform and chain reform claim to be decentralized and cannot be tampered with, but they still remain at the technical level.

Technology will develop very fast in the future. This is not a problem that needs to be worried about. The biggest problem is whether the production relations have been adjusted. Just like as long as the company is established, financing and share reform are not problems.

The upper layer of the pass is currency reform, financing, 1C0, and white paper. It has the function of financing andFinancial attributes; the lower layer is chain reform, blockchain technology, distributed accounting, encryption authorization, consensus mechanism, smart contracts and other technical attributes. They are interrelated and form a business logic, which is the core of the certificate. But now the top and bottom are separated. People who talk about chains talk about chains, and people who talk about coins talk about coins.

Certificate reform is the operating mechanism of a community. It is the sum of investment, production, distribution, exchange, consumption and other relationships, and has social attributes. It is not determined by the value of the chain, nor by how high the currency is speculated, but by the value of its own operation. The scope of tokens is larger than digital currency and blockchain itself. It is an adjustment of production relations when productivity has developed to a certain stage.

Therefore, in the future society may enter a token community organization, a token economy, or even a tokenism society.

Which fields or companies need token reform

5. Tokens create value and issue coins through the blockchain

The value of the currency is stable , the certificate can appreciate in value. Therefore, the transformation of the token system is a precise distribution and transaction model.

The certificates obtained by investors, the certificates obtained by producers, the certificates obtained by allocators, the certificates obtained by traders, and the certificates obtained by consumers. Balancing these five relationships requires accurate big data analysis. , to achieve a balanced and stable growth mechanism. Therefore, certificate reform is not that simple. Chain reform is the participation of technology, currency reform is the preparation of white papers, and certificate reform can create core value.

After centralization, the company is at the core, while decentralization is at the core of the token. A completely decentralized company has no value.

Is the value of a fully centralized token zero? Does the issuance of coins mean the embodiment of real tokens?

In the future, many company forms will change. Public companies, private companies, credit companies, market capitalization companies, and market capitalization management price-to-earnings ratios are actually issues we need to think about during the transformation of the token system.

In the past, opportunities were once in 10 years, once in 30 years, and once in 100 years. Now they are once in 500 years. The author believes that blockchain is a very big opportunity. Instead of participating in the currency circle , chain circle, it is better to create enterprises with real blockchain token value.

⑽ How to explain what blockchain is?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
[1]
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Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a string of data associated using cryptographic methodsBlock, each data block contains the information of a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
Let’s talk about the social or economic significance of blockchain. Many technologies in the past were actually dedicated to "productivity", such as artificial intelligence, which is an advancement in productivity. The blockchain has greatly improved production relations and is dedicated to production relations. So why do you say that?
Because the so-called production relations are actually how business is done between people and business partners. And these things are originally in the process of people's mutual cognition, and no special procedures are used to program or quantify them.
For example, if you and I are good friends now, we can do business. If someone provokes our relationship and we are no longer good friends, we will not do business. Even if we can make money by doing business, we will not do it. , because everyone no longer has any trust in each other.
As for the blockchain, it is actually because the data has been certified by various nodes and backed up at the same time, so my data is as authentic as possible and cannot be tampered with. So in this case, you believe my data, On this basis, you can create a program, and then program the "production relations" of what kind of business contracts and business cooperation this data can be used for. In this way, everyone believes in the data and the program compiled by the algorithm. And because you believe in the data and the program, you can develop various APPs based on this program. These APPs are the relationship of production and what kind of business you are going to do. This is: Blockchain is actually a reconstruction of "production relations".