区块链中的token,tokenview区块链

区块链中的token是指存储在区块链上的虚拟货币，它是一种数字资产，可以用来代表用户的资产，也可以用来发行和使用的虚拟货币。TokenView区块链拓展是一种基于区块链的技术，它可以帮助用户跟踪和查询他们拥有的token，以及token的流动情况。下面我们将介绍区块链中的token、TokenView区块链拓展和智能合约这三个相关关键词。

Token：Token是在区块链上存储的虚拟货币，它是一种数字资产，可以用来代表用户的资产，也可以用来发行和使用的虚拟货币。Token可以用来实现跨境支付，进行资产交易，支持分布式网络，以及实现自动执行的智能合约等。Token的出现使得用户可以更加安全、便捷地进行货币交易，也为企业提供了一种新的融资模式。

TokenView区块链拓展：TokenView区块链拓展是一种基于区块链的技术，它可以帮助用户跟踪和查询他们拥有的token，以及token的流动情况。TokenView的拓展功能可以提供更多的信息，比如token的发行量、发行价格、流通量等等，有助于用户更好地掌握自己的资产状况。此外，TokenView还可以帮助用户查询各种区块链项目的信息，以及当前市场上的各种token的行情。

智能合约：智能合约是一种基于区块链技术的自动执行合约，它可以在区块链网络上进行自动执行，从而实现自动执行交易。智能合约可以用来实现资产交换、贷款、金融服务、身份验证、投票、分红等功能。智能合约的出现使得交易更加安全、便捷，也提高了交易的透明度和可追溯性。

总之，token、TokenView区块链拓展和智能合约是相关的关键词，它们都是基于区块链技术的，可以帮助用户更好地管理自己的资产，以及更加安全、便捷地进行货币交易。

A. What are those working in the blockchain industry doing?

In recent years, blockchain-related concepts have become extremely popular, attracting many people to join the industry. , so what are these people who are really involved in the blockchain industry doing?

Usually what we call "blockchain industry" is a general term that includes three pillar industries that are interrelated and independently formed: currency circle, mining circle, and chain circle. At this stage, the best "money" scene is the currency circle, followed by the mining circle, and finally the chain circle.

Currency Circle

Currency Circle mainly focuses on the issuance, payment, and securities of digital currency (also known as virtual currency, cryptocurrency).

The earliest and most successful digital currency is Bitcoin (BTC). The Bitcoin white paper and software released by the still anonymous tycoon Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008~2009 marked the After the birth of Bitcoin, there are three main ways to issue digital currencies: forks, self-research, and tokens:

1. Among common currencies, BCH, LTC, DCR, and DASH , ZEC, etc. all came from forking BTC, mainly because they have some different propositions in terms of performance, privacy, encryption algorithms, etc.

2. ETH, EOS, etc. are relatively successful self-research projects. They are often not satisfied with issuing a new currency, but try to create a set of public projects that support the development of smart contracts and decentralized applications. platform.

3. Token issuance mainly relies on the capabilities of the aforementioned public platforms to issue new currencies in a very fast and easy way. These new currencies usually have some innovations at the business level. Or integration; Token has opened the door to a new world of digital currency issuance. Project crowdfunding (I-C-O), stable coins (USDT, etc.), platform coins, I-E-O, etc. are taking turns. It can be said that a hundred flowers are blooming and a mixture of good and bad.

Payment is the basic function of currency. In order to make digital currency faster and more convenient for transactions and circulation, many excellent products have been born, such as online or offline wallets that support many currencies, and peer-to-peer support. Or a settlement system for guaranteed transactions, a platform that supports the mutual exchange of digital currencies and legal currencies, etc.

The emergence of exchanges has given digital currencies strong securities attributes. Common exchanges usually support OTC (C2C) transactions, currency-to-crypto transactions, contract transactions and other functions to provide investors with 7x24 hours real-time online digital currency trading service.There are more investors participating in transactions, and investment services such as quantification, funds, lending, etc. have also been derived. Along with several rounds of bull markets, digital currency has been recognized, accepted and participated in investment by more and more people, and the securities function has developed much more powerfully than the payment function.

Mining Circle

With the development of technology and intensified competition, mining machines, mining pools, mining pools and cloud computing power services integrating the first three have become the core of the mining circle. Main business models.

In a popular sense, mining is the process of generating new digital currencies through computers. Early digital currencies, especially Bitcoin, which has the largest market capitalization, usually used a proof-of-work (POW) mechanism to ensure the normal operation of the decentralized network and give participants digital currency rewards. As the value of digital currencies increases, competition in mining continues to intensify, and the computing power required to generate new coins is also constantly and significantly increasing: the earliest Bitcoins can be mined through the CPU of a personal computer, and later the computing power is stronger The GPU replaced the CPU, and in the future, dedicated mining machines, especially ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) mining machines, became the protagonist. The most important thing in developing ASIC mining machines is the development of dedicated high-performance chips, which represent the most cutting-edge technical capabilities; the second is the stability and energy efficiency ratio of the mining machines. The production of mining machines is usually through foundries, but strong supply chain, logistics management, marketing promotion, after-sales service and other capabilities are also essential.

A mine is a place where mining machines are deployed centrally. The ideal mine is built according to data center standards, but it is almost impossible to achieve it due to cost considerations. The most basic mine construction requires cheap and stable power supply, safe and spacious site, professional operation and maintenance team and other conditions. It also needs to be equipped with rack cabinets, temperature adjustment, noise isolation and other facilities. As the most important resource, cheap and stable electricity is usually owned by a few people (companies). They usually resell resources or build mines for self-operated mining and provide mining machine hosting services.

The emergence of mining pools is also due to the increasing difficulty of mining. Even if you have a state-of-the-art ASIC mining machine, the probability of directly mining coins is very low. Mining pools can unite many mining machines to form a huge computing power pool, increasing the probability of obtaining mining rewards. The main principle is to split the same mining task and send it to the mining machine connected to the mining pool, and receive and verify the calculation results submitted by the mining machine. If it meets the mining requirements, it will be submitted to the chain to obtain rewards. Different mines will also be counted. The computing power of the machine is distributed according to the computing power.

Because of the professionalism and high entry barriers of mining machines, mining pools, and mining pools, only larger and well-funded teams and institutions can participate in mining. Cloud computing power has passed Integrating high-quality resources from mining machines, mines, mining pools, etc., you can directly deliver the specified size of computing power and package itIt has become a simple and easy-to-use mining service for ordinary users to purchase directly, which greatly reduces the cost of funds, time, resources and energy for ordinary users to participate in mining.

Chain Circle

Blockchain was born out of the underlying implementation of Bitcoin. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a way to connect data blocks in sequence in chronological order. A chained data structure composed of , is a technology that uses cryptography to ensure a decentralized ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Blockchain is the carrier technology of digital currency. At the same time, after more than ten years of development, people have gradually realized that the advantages and characteristics of blockchain technology can be applied to wider fields, so they There are so many people who are devoted to the research, development and promotion of blockchain technology, which mainly include three parts: chain building, DAPP development, and blockchain+.

The popularity of blockchain technology has led to the development of many blockchains. The carrier chains of digital currencies such as BTC, BCH, ETH, EOS, etc. are usually released to the public network and developed by the open source community. A blockchain that is maintained and can be used by anyone can be called a public chain. Application-oriented chains led by commercial companies such as FaceBook, Internet, and Tencent are developed and deployed on intranets and are often called private chains.

DAPP refers to decentralized applications developed on the blockchain through smart contracts and other technologies. Most of them are applications for ordinary users on the public chain, such as electronic pets, gambling games, and decentralized applications. Exchanges, light games, etc. Blockchain+ is more of a commercial application developed by commercial companies based on private chains combined with a certain business field, such as points system, copyright certificate, decentralized storage, bank securities, etc.

With the development of blockchain technology, I believe that more and more chains and excellent chain-based applications will be born.

Risk warning: All digital currencies mentioned in this article are not investment recommendations.

Original link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KuhawYVYG0SG2v19O3qxcg

B. What are the application prospects of blockchain

The application prospects of blockchain are mainly in the financial field, Internet of Things and logistics field, public service field, digital copyright field, and insurance field.

1. Blockchain has huge potential application prospects in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection.

2. Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. This field is considered to be a promising application direction of blockchain. Building trust in the blockchainresources, which can double improve the security of transactions and improve the convenience of IoT transactions. Save time and cost for smart logistics model applications.

3. Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network.

4. Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection.

5. In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.

(2) Tokenbank Blockchain Bank Extended Reading:

Core Technology of Blockchain

1. Consensus Mechanism, Through the voting of special nodes, the verification and confirmation of the transaction can be completed in a very short time; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, it can be considered that the entire network can also reach a consensus on it. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain.

2. Asymmetric encryption requires two keys for encryption and decryption. These two keys are the public key and the private key. The public key corresponds to the private key. When the public key is used in the encryption process of data, it can only be decrypted by using the corresponding private key. On the contrary, when the private key is used in encrypting the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt the data. Only the corresponding public key can be decrypted.

C. Do you really understand the difference between blockchain and ToKen?

Since the country emphasized the development of blockchain technology as a core innovative industry, people have become more interested in blockchain technology. Interest is growing. But when it comes to blockchain, people still habitually put it together with Token. In fact, there is a big difference between the two. Blockchain does not necessarily use Token.

First of all, what everyone is keen on hyping now is Token, not the blockchain technology that the country advocates for development. Take the familiar Bitcoin as an example. Blockchain cannot be equal to Bitcoin. Blockchain includes many things, and Bitcoin can only be considered one of its applications. In short, blockchain technology is the basic technical architecture for the development of Bitcoin and provides technical support for its operation and development. They are two different things and have some things in common.

Secondly, not all blockchains require Tokens. Although most of the current blockchain technology is related to encrypted digital currencies,, but blockchain technology is not only encryption technology, consensus technology, and point-to-point technology must be included. Therefore, for those nodes that have gained trust and no longer need to transfer value, there is no need to use Token for transfer. At this level, the relationship between blockchain technology and Token is relatively distant.

Furthermore, for some specific practical application scenarios, such as the management of student personal file information, the production management of food and drugs, etc. Through blockchain technology, the security of information can be guaranteed during the process of information dissemination, ensuring that all information can be traced to its source and will not be modified or leaked. These do not require Token in the process of blockchain application. The applications of these specific examples are also some of the applications where the blockchain is moving away from Token and towards the "coinless blockchain".

Developing blockchain technology does not mean blindly following the trend and hyping Tokens. Blockchain technology has many unknown values ​​worth exploring. Blindly hyping this technology will only turn this technology into capital. tools, rather than being able to exert their true value in benefiting society. Therefore, for blockchain technology, we must distinguish its Token, fully tap its potential value, and apply currency-free blockchain technology as a new innovative technology to reality to ensure safer and more transparent transactions. Serve more social fields and create a better economic environment.

We, Jingchang Digital Technology Co., Ltd., have been deeply involved in the field of blockchain for many years. From our experience, the current reasons that restrict the development of currency-free blockchain technology are other than the fact that the masses are speculating on coins rather than paying attention to them. In addition to technology, the currencyless blockchain itself also has some technical shortcomings that are difficult to overcome, such as the problem of private use of the public chain. However, there are ways to solve these problems, but the degree of completeness of the solution depends on the cost.

Overall, currencyless blockchain technology still has great potential. We will continue to study this technology and strive to let it realize its value as soon as possible.

D. Analysis of basic issues that need to be understood for the operation of blockchain

Blockchain is a shared distributed database technology. Although the one-sentence introduction to blockchain is worded differently in different reports, the following four technical features are consistent.
1. Decentralized: The left side of Figure 1 describes the centralized characteristics of today’s financial system, and the right side describes the emerging decentralized financial system, which has no intermediaries and all nodes. Rights and obligations are equal. If any node stops working, it will not affect the overall operation of the system;
2. Trustless: All nodes in the system can conduct transactions without trust, because the database and the entire system are The operation is open and transparent, and within the rules and time range of the system, nodes cannot deceive each other;
3. Collectively Maintenance (Collectively Maintain): The system is jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions, and everyone in the system participates in the maintenance work;
4. Reliable Database: Each node in the system has the latest complete database Copying or modifying the database of a single node is invalid because the system will automatically compare and consider the same data record that appears the most times to be true.
The blockchains of projects such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and DECENT all have these characteristics.

E. Where are the application scenarios of blockchain?

One of the most important reasons why blockchain is questioned is that there are no practical application scenarios and ordinary people cannot see it. possible value. So in the eyes of these experts, where are the application scenarios of blockchain most likely to appear?

Shuai Chu, founder of Quantum Chain, said: The evolution of the entire blockchain technology is still in its early stages, just like the Internet era 20 years ago. At that time, we could not have imagined that applications like Uber would appear on the Internet. The development of technology has given everyone richer diversity, and possibilities are the future.

Zeng Ming, Provost of Hupan University, gave several possible answers based on the technical characteristics of blockchain:

1. Blockchain is the most important The advantage is a transparent, immutable, distributed ledger. Some areas have never been covered by the Internet, such as acceptance bills.

2. Another big advantage of blockchain, from the perspective of smart contracts, is that it is possible to form more efficient network collaboration at the point-to-point level. Such as crowdfunding.

3. In the field of innovation, blockchain will definitely be closely integrated with the development of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other fields, including cloud computing, edge computing, etc.

F. What is token

Token is usually translated as pass. Token is one of the important concepts in the blockchain. It is more commonly known as "token", but in the eyes of professional "chain circle" people, its more accurate translation is "pass", which represents the area. A proof of stake on the blockchain, not a currency.

G. What signals does the blockchain 3.0 era give us?

2017 is the first year of the outbreak of blockchain, and 2018 will be the first year of the implementation of blockchain.

What kind of changes has the blockchain brought to the world from the 1.0 era to the 3.0 era?

The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages: peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts and pan-blockchain application ecology (Token economy)

Blockchain 1.0 Era: Digital currency return rate is king

The 1.0 era now mostly refers to the digital currency era centered on Bitcoin. Digital currency transactions are the most important form for people to participate in the blockchain. At this stage, few people really pay attention to the application of digital currencies.Value, not to mention the practical value of the blockchain technology behind it, people focus on the rate of return of digital currency, which is equivalent to buying a stock on a different market, but this "stock" is more active, with an astonishing rate of return, and of course it is also full of people.

Blockchain 2.0 era: smart contracts provide infrastructure support for upper-layer application development

The "smart contract" era is the real Programmable blockchain, usually represented by "Ethereum", supports Turing-complete scripting language at this stage, providing the necessary infrastructure for developers to develop any application on the "operating system" they set, realizing The actual application of virtual world has been implemented. The biggest contribution of Blockchain 2.0 is that it completely subverts the concepts of traditional currency and payment through smart contracts. In the era of Blockchain 2.0, the blockchain forms a trust foundation based on its traceability and non-tampering characteristics, providing a basis for smart contracts. A trustworthy execution environment makes it possible for contracts to be automated and intelligent. The biggest difference between smart contracts and traditional contracts is that they are not restricted by real social laws. For the contract subject to automatically execute the agreement after triggering the contract terms, the arbitration platform no longer determines the execution results in the smart contract but assumes responsibility. Responsibility for execution

Blockchain 3.0: The disruption to business lies in its transformation of production relations

We are now at the junction of the 2.0 era and the 3.0 era. The 3.0 era can be called It is people's ideal vision for the future virtual digital currency economy. In blockchain 3.0, people can truly realize assets on the chain, build a variety of applications within a large underlying framework, and create a seamless A platform with trust costs, super transaction capabilities, and extremely low risks can be used to realize the increasingly automated distribution of physical resources and human assets around the world, and promote large-scale collaboration in science, health, education and other fields.

Blockchain 2.0 builds infrastructure such as digital identity and smart contracts. On this basis, the complexity of the underlying technology is hidden, and application developers can focus more on application logic and business logic level. That is to say, we have entered the blockchain 3.0 era, and the symbol is the emergence of Token. Token is a value transmission carrier on the blockchain network, and can also be understood as a pass or token.

Token’s greatest impact on human society is its transformation of production relations. Joint-stock companies will be replaced, and every actual participant becomes the owner of productive capital. This new type of production relations encourages every participant to continuously contribute their own productivity, which is a great liberation of productivity. If this business activity is mapped to inflation in real society, as long as the former outperforms the latter, every Token holder will make a profit over time.

It is too early to talk about blockchain 3.0. Although blockchain has moved out of the conceptual stage, the current status of blockchain technology development isThe underlying technology is not mature enough and its applicable application scenarios are relatively limited. On the one hand, there is still room for optimization and improvement in core blockchain technologies such as consensus algorithms; on the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is still difficult to meet the requirements of some high-frequency application environments in reality. Moreover, the current mainstream blockchain technology platforms all originated from abroad. Domestic blockchain technology service providers must patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology. time period.

Competing among the heroes, the company that laughs last must be the company that really focuses on researching technology and developing practical applications! According to my observation, among the various applications based on Ethereum, the SEC social e-commerce chain has a very high chance of being implemented, and it is likely to become a killer application. There is a weekly report on the SECblock official account, which shows that the team is working hard.

H. Which projects are really using blockchain technology in the financial industry?

The current application of blockchain is still in its infancy, and the current application of EOS games is still relatively good. , the Ripple protocol has been applied in bank settlement.

I. What is blockchain, and can blockchain be invested in?

What is blockchain, and can blockchain be invested in?

Blockchain Chain technology is an emerging concept after the introduction of the Internet concept. It mainly solves the information asymmetry in society and provides decentralized services. Give an example to explain what blockchain technology is:

Usually we deposit cash into the bank. Every time we withdraw money, the transfer must go through the bank system to complete. So if we use blockchain technology To solve this problem, then our money does not need to be placed in the bank. When transferring money to others, we only need to transmit data on the chain. The transfer record data will be recorded by the entire network, and the consumption path of the amount can be found at any time. , there is no need to go through any intermediary to complete the intermediate recording.

This is just one of the scenarios where blockchain technology is applied. At present, the payment industry, gaming industry, lottery gambling industry, etc. are the most widely used blockchain technology.

In the nascent stage of the development of blockchain technology, many investors will naturally see the development potential and prepare to invest in blockchain. So how to invest in blockchain? Everyone knows that with the emergence of blockchain technology, digital currency will be generated, and the circulation of digital currency will generate value. Ordinary people can invest in blockchain by purchasing digital currency. Common digital currencies include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Yuzi, etc. However, the risk is extremely high. The return is much higher than that of stock investment, but the risk is also several times higher. Therefore, when investing in blockchain, the choice of digital currency is also very important. For novice investors, it is recommended to choose mainstream currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple. Their value has been basically recognized, they have a consensus mechanism, and the price will not drop significantly. However, the corresponding blockchain technology is still the best. Ethereum.

Then for professional risk control investors, you can choose to invest in blockchain companies, taking a fancy to their long-term value and tokens. Nowadays, blockchain companies will issue coins, which are so-called digital currencies, but their values ​​are all for Zero, has no actual circulation significance, so when choosing to invest in a blockchain company, you still need to clearly see the content of the company's projects, whether they can be truly implemented, and how much potential they have to change human life in the future.

J. A brief discussion on how to design a good token economic system

The word token has mostly been translated into tokens before, but tokens not only have monetary attributes, they are In the blockchain ecosystem, token means everything, so many people have suggested that it would be more appropriate to translate it into a pass, which has been recognized by more and more people. Regardless of whether tokens are translated into tokens or certificates, it is undeniable that tokens are the soul of blockchain projects, and the design of token economic systems is becoming more and more sophisticated.

What is token economic system design?

Personally, I think it is through a reasonable token distribution mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of all participants, continue collaboration and exchange, and continuously promote the system. of prosperity. In essence, they are all about coordinated evolution and building a stronger community of interests.

From the above sentence, we can extract two core points: a reasonable token distribution mechanism and the definition of participant roles, and encourage each participant to develop towards the overall goal (ecosystem design) .

Ecosystem design

Before starting to design a token economic system, two issues must be clearly understood:

First, what problem should be solved? . Second, does this problem really need to be solved by blockchain, or can it be solved well by using blockchain technology without the need to issue tokens.

Blockchain does not supplement the original business, but changes the entire rules. Sometimes a pain point of the original business is solved through tokens, but there will be more problems elsewhere, again Caught in a dilemma. If there is a deviation in the initial understanding, then the token system designed later will naturally not be very good.

After thinking clearly about these two issues, we need to consider the definition of participants in the token economic system. What are their specific roles? For example, producers, consumers, investors, communicators, etc. What are the demands of these participants and their respective application scenarios?

After defining the roles of the participants, their different interests and demands must be fully taken into consideration. Based on this perspective, the token distribution mechanism must be multi-level and complex.

Token distribution mechanism design

The distribution mechanism is the core of the token economic system, which is not difficult to understand. Just like income distribution is at the core of a market economy. There is a theory of three distributions in macroeconomics.

The three-way distribution theory means that income distribution under market economy conditions includes three distributions:

The first time is distribution carried out by the market in accordance with the principle of efficiency;

The second time is the redistribution carried out by the government through taxation, social security expenditures and other revenue sources in accordance with the principles of fairness and efficiency, focusing on the principle of fairness;

The third time is the redistribution of morality. Distributions are made through voluntary donations by individuals under the auspices of the Force.

This theory also applies to the design of the token distribution mechanism. However, compared with the initial distribution in the macro economy, which is completed by the central bank, the initial distribution of tokens has many differences, so the distribution mechanism of tokens should include four distributions:

The first time Distribution: How is the token generated, and what principles are used to distribute it to the initial holder after generation?

Second distribution: In ecological usage scenarios, distribution is based on the principle of efficiency (whoever contributes more will get more incentives).

The third distribution: If there is a governance agency, how do it manage the tokens it holds, and what principles affect the liquidity of the system tokens, and how does the governance agency itself operate?

The fourth distribution: the principles and methods for individuals to donate, reward, etc.

Among the four distribution processes, the fourth distribution has less influence. The most important thing is the second distribution, which directly involves the interests of all participating parties. The first and third distributions are mainly led by governance institutions. In a sense, if governance institutions have too great influence on token distribution, it can be said to be putting the cart before the horse.

Three principles of token economic system design

The economic system design of token is naturally different due to the specific problems faced by each project. However, I personally think that an economic system The design of the system still needs to follow some basic principles.

First: the principle of network effect. The meaning is simple, that is, a network becomes more and more valuable as more users join and connect with each other. Only in this way can we spontaneously attract more resources to become part of the system, and only then can there be an increase.

Second: the principle of consensus. All mechanisms must be agreed upon and reach consensus. This is a guarantee for the system to function well, otherwise ecological participants will easily fall into division.

Third: the principle of openness and transparency. Sounds a bit strange, blockAren’t all chain projects open source, decentralized, and naturally open and transparent? This is because it is impossible to achieve decentralization everywhere in an ecosystem. In the non-decentralized design part, it is necessary to achieve Be open and transparent and avoid operating in secret and harming the interests of other ecological participants.

In the final analysis, the token economy is still an essential business issue, that is, starting from a specific problem and through reasonable allocation methods, all participants can achieve the overall goal. Of course, as Mr. Meng Yan said, designing an excellent economic system is close to artistic creation. The more abstract the system, the easier it is to design, and the more specific problems are more difficult to solve. From this perspective, we all need to have more understanding and patience for blockchain projects that are in the early stages of the industry.