真谛区块链第九空间

近日，真谛区块链第九空间拓展受到了广大投资者的关注。本文将介绍真谛区块链第九空间拓展的三个关键词：区块链技术、跨链技术和去中心化交易。

区块链技术是一种分布式数据库技术，它可以在多个节点上运行，使用密码学算法进行数据加密，以防止数据泄露和篡改。区块链技术可以提供安全可靠的数据存储和传输服务，并且可以自动完成复杂的业务逻辑，使得业务流程更加高效、可靠。

跨链技术是一种技术，它可以实现不同区块链之间的数据交换和资产转移。通过跨链技术，不同的区块链网络可以实现信息共享，实现不同资产的互换，从而实现资产流动性，改善资产流通效率。

去中心化交易是指在区块链网络上实现的去中心化的交易服务。它可以让用户在不需要信任任何中心化服务机构的情况下实现资产的交易，有效地降低了交易成本，提高了交易的安全性。由于去中心化交易的特性，它可以被用于多种应用场景，从而为用户提供更多便利。

以上就是真谛区块链第九空间拓展的三个关键词：区块链技术、跨链技术和去中心化交易的介绍。它们的应用可以改善数据安全性、提高资产流动性、降低交易成本和提高交易安全性，为投资者提供更多便利。

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① After reading this article, you will have a thorough understanding of the blockchain

In this article, all the content I introduced is in today’s world. The fact that the blockchain field has already happened is not some imagination or opinions about the blockchain. I think that as long as you read this article carefully, you will easily have a basic and accurate understanding of blockchain.

The main content of understanding blockchain in just ten minutes is divided into four sections. 21 topics and 4 sections are:

The first national strategy for blockchain.

Second, Bitcoin and its literal representation involve four topics.

Third, blockchain and its technical logic involve 13 topics.

Fourth, blockchain empowers the economy and society, involving three topics.

Let’s first look at the first part of the blockchain national strategy, the first part of the blockchain country. Everyone knows that we humans have experienced six information revolutions. Seven or eight years ago, the first information revolution created primitive language, social tacit understanding, and the second information revolution saw the emergence of writing. The third information revolution in feudal society invented papermaking and printing, and the fourth information revolution in the late 19th century invented radio.

In the fifth information revolution of the 20th century, television appeared again, and now in the sixth information revolution, computers and the Internet have appeared. The emergence of computers and the Internet has given rise to the rapid development of various new technologies. Especially in 2020, the digital economy has experienced epoch-making development.

Why do you say that? The characteristics of high bandwidth, low latency and large connections in the 5G era have enabled the implementation of the four major technologies of ABCD.

What are the four major ABCD technologies

The a here refers to Artificial Intelligence, which is artificial intelligence technology.

B refers to Blockchain, blockchain technology.

C refers to cloud computing cloud computing technology

D refers to big data technology.

The word blockchain is now completely popular all over the country. On October 25, 2019, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced the development of blockchain technology. The current situation has been collectively studied, so the requirement of this meeting is to use blockchain technology as the core technology.

As an important breakthrough for independent innovation, we must accelerate the promotion of blockchainInnovation and development of technology and industry. On April 20, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission officially included blockchain into new infrastructure. Blockchain, why do you think it is so awesome? Let us say that blockchain is not an extension of the Internet, it is a subversion of the Internet. In the future, many, many technologies will grow on this blockchain and realize blockchainization.

So, how can we accurately learn and understand the blockchain?

We found that among the four major technologies of ABCD, only the block is naturally built-in It's financial. Therefore, we must learn and understand blockchain from the IT perspective and the financial perspective, and even learn and understand blockchain from the level of national governance. If you only study and understand blockchain from an IT perspective, it is impossible to understand the huge influence and influence of this technology. Then, your understanding of this will be biased. Even more, you may disapprove of blockchain technology. In addition, in the process of learning about blockchain, you should also pay attention to the fact that it has many new terms, so you need to concentrate on understanding it step by step.

Let’s first understand blockchain from a financial perspective.

Bitcoin and its birth performance

To understand the blockchain, it involves Bitcoin, and what about the birth of Bitcoin? , and it is inseparable from the evolution of currency. We know that currency is a special commodity that is separated from commodities and serves as a fixed general equivalent. In fact, we humans have used a lot of currencies, including physical currency, weighing currency, paper money, accounting currency, etc. As for accounting currency, it includes electronic currency and digital currency. Electronic currency itself is not a currency. It is just used to represent the same amount of currency. It is a token.

Then the total amount of his tokens will not increase due to the increase of electronic currency. Alipay, WeChat, payment, and online banking are typical electronic currencies. As for digital currency, it is itself a legal currency. The total amount of this fiat currency will increase with the increase of digital currency. We know that when it comes to physical currency, we humans have actually chosen many things as general equivalents.

Weighing currencies are some heavy metals. Later, people chose gold among the heavy metals. Why choose gold? Because gold has the characteristics of rarity, divisibility, and the most stable chemical properties. What needs to be noted here is gold. It is not issued by any country. It is provided by nature. of. Your country's total amount is as much as nature provides. Therefore, the country does not need to provide credit guarantees for the value of gold..

However, as for gold, it has some flaws in its use, and it is difficult to carry when you go out again, so there are descendants. Paper money appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, paper money was not currency in the current sense. The currency at that time was still gold, but we used paper money to represent gold. We called it the gold standard. The gold standard is the gold standard, which is a monetary system with gold as the standard currency. The core essence of the gold standard is that how much currency a country issues should be decided based on how much gold your country has. It does not mean you can issue as much currency as you want.

At that time, the Great Depression of the United States reached January 10, 1934. On this day, the newly elected President of the United States made a very important decision to abandon the gold standard and issue 3 billion US dollars. Think about it, abandoning the gold standard, in theory, means that he can issue as much currency as he wants. Even if there is no gold in the treasury, he can issue banknotes as long as he wants to. Then someone will ask, if you issue so many words, can you still exchange them for gold of equal value?

Look at the banknotes at this time, they have been separated from gold, and national credit has emerged. , this, we call it currency guaranteed by national credit. Now, when mainstream countries issue currency, they also issue it with national credit as a guarantee.

What are the benefits? The advantage is that it can regulate the economy. When the economy is not doing well, a little more hair can drive economic development. The increase or decrease in this variable will cause a chain reaction of the entire economic aggregate. This is the multiplier effect in economics. Once a country masters this thing, some countries will be fascinated by it. But if it is not well controlled, it will lead to national credit bankruptcy. As a result, many people began to reflect. This reflection is, when issuing currency, is it better to use national credit as a guarantee, or is it better to stick to the gold standard based on the total amount of gold. This question involves the birth of Bitcoin

② What is blockchain? Explanation of blockchain technology

Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption New application models of computer technology such as algorithms. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database.

At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify its Validity of information (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of the next block.

The blockchain is a public data list, and each record in it is called a block. These blocks are connected together like a chain to form a district.Blockchain. Just like an idiom solitaire, there must be some connection between adjacent words to form a word chain. The same is true for blockchain, but the connection between blocks is much more complex.

(2) Extended reading of the ninth space of true blockchain

Blockchain technology innovation does not mean speculating on virtual currencies, and such use areas should be avoided Behaviors such as issuing virtual currencies and speculating on air coins on the blockchain. At the same time, we should also note that blockchain is still in its early development stage and needs further development and improvement in terms of security, standards, supervision, etc.

The general direction is not wrong, but it is necessary to avoid rushing in and duplicating construction, and to open up the imagination space of the blockchain in orderly competition. China has a good foundation in the field of blockchain. Some large Internet companies have already laid out their plans. The talent pool is relatively sufficient and the application scenarios are rich. It is fully qualified to achieve a leading position in this new track.

From a larger perspective, human beings can develop civilization because they have achieved effective cooperation among large-scale groups of people. The "invisible hand" explained by Adam Smith also realizes the division of labor and cooperation in human society through the market mechanism.

From this perspective, blockchain has greatly expanded the breadth and depth of human trust and collaboration. Perhaps, blockchain is not only the next generation of Internet technology, but also the next generation of cooperation mechanisms and organizational forms.

③ In the blockchain currency circle, all beings are low-key to the wealthy and anxious novices

In the blockchain currency circle, all beings are low-key to the wealthy and anxious novices

Since Bitcoin’s surge, blockchain has also stood in the forefront of public attention. After visiting dozens of communities, the author found that all the content about writing about blockchain technology is actually only read by a small group of people. People are not interested in the principle of how blockchain can achieve the decentralization of digital currency. Even What the basic blockchain is is sometimes poorly understood, but this does not stop the public from being enthusiastic about blockchain and various digital currencies.

Perhaps it is because I don’t understand and am full of curiosity that I am more likely to be deceived by various scammers into making uncut leeks. The tide of blockchain is rushing forward, and the living beings on the shore are really diverse.

The first type is the blockchain novice group.

Characteristics: Afraid of not being able to catch the fast train to riches, feeling anxious and nervous but feeling unable to do anything. They don’t know how to mine and earn coins, nor how to buy and trade in the market, nor even where the market is. Their understanding of blockchain and various currencies actually comes from envy and hatred because people around them became rich overnight by buying coins. The novice group seems to be eager to trade all the time, but they don't dare to make a move. Holding cash to wait and see makes them more and more anxious and nervous, afraid of missing out and a little afraid of losing money.

The second type is the blockchain project promotion crowd.

Features: Crazy joining groups to attract people and dump project links. PenResearchers have found in various communities that most of these links are used to attract people to register on the condition of issuing digital currency or sending mining machines. Such people will join the group and attract people wherever they see people in social groups. They are "working hard". What's more, you can create a group by yourself, and after enough people are included, all members will be banned. After that, the group owner or administrator will frantically dump the link. The link content is basically a routine, with a project introduction and registration address, and ends with Register and receive free mining machines or coins as bait. This kind of behavior that does not take into account the personal feelings of the group members is really incredible. This group of people knows a little bit about blockchain and the currency circle, but they don’t actually know much about technology. Some of them also hold the promoted project coins themselves, and feel a little relieved that they can join the game early, and firmly believe that the value will appreciate in the future and make a lot of money.

The third type is ordinary programmers who have early experience in entering the currency circle.

Characteristics: There are stories or experiences of mining coins. In terms of mentality, most people fall into the category of people who slap their thighs and regret. Since there was a certain technical threshold for coin mining in the early years, this group of people came into contact with coin mining very early because of their technical status. They are also early users of Bitcoin. At that time, they were mining coins, and they were very simple at heart. Some people brought their friends to dig with them, or even helped their friends dig (the friends didn’t understand technology, so they basically mined for their friends). When these people mine coins, they do not think that they may become rich one day in the future or even achieve financial freedom. Therefore, many people have already chosen to cash out when the price of Bitcoin reaches 200 to 600.

What’s dramatic is those people who don’t understand technology and have programmer friends mine for them. Some people sadly forget the keys to mine coins because they don’t understand technology or don’t care, or they lose their original keys. The system files left their Bitcoins frozen forever. Those who couldn't find them regretted and wanted to die, while those who found the keys or system files finally received high rewards. Programmers who cashed out early and people who forgot their keys or lost system files, after seeing the sky-high price of Bitcoin, they patted their thighs and regretted it, and at the same time they were ready to move, regretful and anxious.

The fourth type, the CEOs who operate the project

Characteristics: After seeing Bitcoin, the Ethereum bosses are making a lot of money and can no longer control their hearts. Excited, he quickly jumped into the rolling torrent. They have fantasies about the future, but also have anxiety after encountering supervision. But CEOs who really want to do something in the industry are actually more welcoming to supervision. Such groups consider more about the healthy and long-term development of the industry ecology.

The fifth type, business giants

Characteristics: Some business giants are cautiously waiting, some have already embraced it, and some have avoided issuing coins to try out blockchain technology. Wide application of smart contracts. Wanda’s recent deployment on the blockchain has been widely reported by the media.

The sixth type, investment tycoons

Features: Low profile has become synonymous with them. They rarely brag about how much money they have made on Bitcoin, but they also rarely mention how much they have been cheated.

As investment tycoons with a keen sense of smell, any new trends are the focus of their attention. Many of them not only observe calmly with the eyes of bystanders, but also silently pay attention to seed companies with real potential. This group appears to be very low-key on various occasions.

The seventh type, media from all parties

Characteristics: strive to supplement basic knowledge of blockchain and track various materials in the currency circle. This group can be simply divided into two camps. Some are dedicated to pure information reporting and in-depth industry analysis. They use a third party's perspective to see and interpret various phenomena that occur in the industry. The other camp chooses to endorse new things. Of course, they often use critical and skeptical thinking to discover the real and reasonable applications of blockchain.

The rolling tide is coming, and all living beings are in various forms. How to understand the blockchain currency circle? How to avoid scammers in the currency circle? The next article on the Blockchain Bubble Headlines and WeChat public accounts will present the current deceptions and routines in the form of examples.

In the end, there is the same saying, listen to both and you will be enlightened, and listen to one side and you will be dark. I only represent the views of Blockchain Bubble and cannot be used as investment guidance for you.

④ The general trend of the digital economy era in the next year

Zhongke Finance

Target logic: The big bull stocks in the past have fallen sharply for six years, and their market value has It fell by more than 90%. Peer companies that are also in the data security business have valuations in the tens of billions and price-to-book ratios of more than 7 times. Zhongke Financial currently has a market value of only 4.2 billion and a price-to-book ratio of 1.9 times. Recently, the bottom has exploded, with continuous positive lines. After a huge amount of positive news, it has shown a 60-degree upward attack, and the quarterly line is about to reach a golden cross.

The company mainly provides financial technology, comprehensive data center services, information innovation and other services to customers in financial institutions, governments, public utilities, enterprises and other fields, and continues to deploy innovative technologies and services such as blockchain and privacy computing. Application research and development and reserve. The company has obtained more than 20 privacy computing patents and more than 20 blockchain technology patents. The company's business also includes data center system integration, technical services and software product development. The company is experimenting with technical applications, scenario expansion, and operational services of digital currency.

Blockchain: The president unit of Beijing Blockchain Technology Application Association; Zhongke Finance has made great achievements in how to turn original accounting vouchers and legal contracts into effective and credible electronic vouchers and electronic contracts. It has a certain technical accumulation and practical foundation; currently, more than 60% of domestic banks provide technical support for converting original bills to electronic bills by Zhongke Financial. As the saying goes, the core of those who work in IT is actually sales ability, and wide customer coverage is a major advantage.

2. Industrial digitalization:

Industrial digitalization is actually the industrial Internet and data governance. The concept is very broad and the segmentation is very complex. Carefully divided, it can be divided into management end, business end and cloud end. According to industry, government (smart government, smart city), financial institutions (smart finance, open banking), electric power (ubiquitous power, smart grid, virtual power plant), Internet of Vehicles, smart medical, automated digitalization of manufacturing, etc. .

In terms of advancement difficulty, manufacturing should be the most difficult. The easiest thing to promote is the government, followed by financial institutions, and then electric vehicle connected medical care, etc. The country needs pillars for city gates and trees for trust, so naturally it is necessary to be at the forefront and be the vanguard. Secondly, the digitization of the service industry is conducive to reducing people and increasing profits and improving service standards, and it also has great initiative. Manufacturing, especially small and medium-sized manufacturing, should be a difficult area to advance. Among the software categories, management OA office and HR systems should be easiest to use online and cloud due to their low cost and strong versatility, but industrial enterprise management software may have the biggest difference in expectations. The software and hardware of the Industrial Internet are difficult to develop, highly customized, costly, and difficult to promote.

Huawei is a pioneer in the industrial Internet. It has established the Coal Mine Corps, the Smart Highway Corps, the Customs and Port Corps, the Smart Photovoltaic Corps, and the Data Center Energy Corps, and is also involved in smart mines and smart education. Software and hardware companies that cooperate with Huawei will have many opportunities.

The main targets of smart banks and open banks: Xinyada

Target logic: The big bull stocks in the past have fallen sharply for six years, and their market value has dropped by more than 90%. Ranked 23rd in decline among A-shares. The current market value is 4.9 billion, with a price-to-sales ratio of 3.91 times. There was an explosion of volume at the bottom in September, with continuous positive lines. After the huge positive volume, it showed a 60-degree upward attack and started a wave of big market trends. The current quarterly line is golden cross. This stock belongs to the core target of financial technology. The company's main business is to provide end-to-end professional solutions and products for financial institutions mainly in the banking industry. Its customers cover 90% of banks nationwide.

Join hands with Shunyun Internet to build a brain supply chain financial platform for the motor industry. Since 2021, the company's process bus, intelligent customer service and other key products are gradually promoting in-depth scenario adaptation and compatibility and mutual recognition with Huawei and other companies to accelerate the domestic, independent and controllable support of the company's current full-stack financial technology products. The company has developed a credit big data platform and a citizen credit management system V1.0. The citizen credit management system V1.0 has been successfully applied to Xiamen All-in-One Card. Xinyada's national secret system has achieved great results again. The national secret algorithm is the content of digital security certification.

Smart city target: CLP Xingfa

Target logic: It has fallen by 80% in 6 years, and the current price-to-book ratio is 1.18. The price-to-sales ratio is 2.17, and the price-to-earnings ratio is 33.86, extremely underestimate. NovemberAt the beginning, the large-volume positive line gradually attacked at 45 degrees. The monthly MACD is about to cross golden.

China Electronics Xingfa subsidiary has strategic cooperation with Huawei.

The company is mainly engaged in smart cities, accounting for 73% of its business, and has penetrated into big data. Currently, the aviation industry cloud base China Unicom Big Data Center project has been officially signed. Based on the cases of smart cities that are already under construction or will participate in the construction, the scale of smart city construction in counties, county-level cities, and prefecture-level cities (including their respective districts) is estimated. Smart cities across the country The construction scale and capacity exceeds one trillion yuan, and the space is very large. In terms of business development, based on the "Nine A" qualification advantage, the company proposed to promote the PPP + EPC project model in the field of smart administrative areas, and won many large orders in the first half of the year.

In terms of technology research and development, the video integrated management platform V1.0 independently developed by China Electronics Xingfa has completed compatibility testing with Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. TaiShan100, UnionTech server operating system and UnionTech desktop operating system V20. . The company's comprehensive video management platform V1.0 has successively completed the compatibility and adaptation of domestic hardware platforms such as Loongson and HiSilicon and domestic software operating systems such as Unison UOS and Winning Kirin, which can fully meet the localization market requirements of Smart China business.

The performance is also good, and the performance is turning around. Smart Medical + Internet of Vehicles Target: Neusoft Group

Target logic: It has been oversold for 6 years and has lost more than 70% of its market value. The current price-to-book ratio is 1.80 and the price-to-sales ratio is 202, ranking last in the software industry. The current market value is 15.3 billion, which is greatly underestimated compared with its peers. In November, it began to explode and showed a 60-degree graphic upward attack. The quarterly MACD is about to cross golden.

The company is a leader in medical informatization and automobile intelligence. Neusoft Group just clicks on the calculator, and the overall reasonable valuation is more than 80 billion, with room for growth of 7 times.

It is worthy of medium and long-term layout. The company is mainly divided into three sectors: smart medical care, automotive technology and investment. Regarding smart medical care, the revenue is basically the same as that of the industry leader. Referring to the valuation of Weining Health, the estimated valuation is 30 billion yuan.

Regarding automotive technology and Internet of Vehicles, according to Desay SV’s valuation of 70 billion, the industry valuation based on the current revenue scale is about 35 billion. Regarding the investment joint venture, four unicorns are valued at 10 billion each, and based on 30% of the shares, it is conservatively 12 billion.

Of course, the growth rate may be slightly inferior to that of the reference target, but after all, where is the volume? Can it be 4 times the space with a slight discount?

Smart grid target: Science, Engineering and Environmental Science

Target logic: It has been oversold for 6 years and has lost more than 60% of its market value. The current price-to-earnings ratio is 25 times and the price-to-book ratio is 1.84, ranking low in the software industry. The positive line began to line up in November,After the Earth Explosion Tianxing led a 60-degree upward attack, it was the MACD quarterly golden cross. However, in the short term, because the concept of smart grid has increased a lot, it is recommended to observe first and keep the probability of victory or defeat in mind.

The company is a leading enterprise in the field of power engineering informatization, a leading manufacturer of surface water quality monitoring equipment and operation and maintenance in the country, and a pioneer and promoter of the domestic power equipment online monitoring industry. The company's core product is the transformer chromatography online monitoring system (MGA), which can realize online monitoring and fault diagnosis of dissolved gases in power transformer oil. It is mainly used in power transformers of 110kV and above in power grid companies, power generation companies and large power users; A total of more than 1,500 sets of MGA have been sold, with a market share of about 50% above 110kV, ranking first.

In recent years, Jiangxi Bowei New Technology, a subsidiary of the company, has targeted the implementation of digitalization in the energy industry. Based on independent three-dimensional platform technology and supported by BIM+.AI+VR+Internet of Things, it is basically equipped to build digitalization in the energy industry. Twin’s technical application and scene implementation capabilities. A digital twin business line focusing on the construction and operation processes of power transmission, transformation and distribution projects has been initially formed. It is mainly used in digital construction sites, auxiliary construction and auxiliary design. The company cooperates with Huawei to jointly create an industrial ecological strategy.

Industrial Internet target: Hande Information

Target logic: oversold for 6 years. It has lost 80% of its market value. The current price-to-earnings ratio is 2.36 and the price-to-sales ratio is 2.77. Ranked low in the software industry,

Relatively undervalued. In November, it began to move upward with volume, with divergence at the weekly level and consolidation and divergence at the monthly level. As companies that are almost the same generation as UFIDA, one has a market value of 110 billion and the other has a market value of just over 7 billion just because they have chosen different paths. Just because of the different business models. UFIDA relies on office OA and HR systems to grow and develop, while Hande sticks to ERP. The wind of the times is coming. In the deep water area of ​​enterprise digitalization, enterprise resource management, and process control, this time it is Hande's turn.

Hande spent five years sharpening his sword and devoted himself continuously to training in the middle stage, and it immediately bore fruit.

The company is the largest ERP company in China. The company is one of the earliest professional consulting companies in China engaged in high-end ERP implementation services. The company has currently provided C-side business transformation and tool support for a large number of corporate customers (such as Sophia Home Furnishing, Tsingtao Beer, Lingzhi Clothing), and at the same time in B The terminal and M terminal also provide more integration solutions and product implementations for enterprise users (such as Fuyao Glass, Huizhong Automobile, and Highly Compressor). It was announced on November 13 that Hande Information plans to introduce strategic investment into Zhenyun Information and its shareholding ratio will be reduced to 19.7564%. The introduction of this investor will inject new power into the development of Zhenyun Information. In March 2019, a strategic cooperation agreement was signed with the network.Time Network plans to acquire 5.26% of the shares transferred from the controlling shareholder and become a strategic investor. The company has started to provide internal incentives, with the goal of profit performance reaching 120% within three years.

3. Central Bank Digital Currency: Needless to say, there is no need to say more about the opportunities of central bank digital currency (DECP). Digital currency is currently increasing the scope of pilot projects.

The Winter Olympics will showcase China’s digital currency technology to the world. This is a major node. Digital currency involves a lot of software and hardware.

Mainly the following aspects:

Software, such as systems, tool software, identity authentication, security protection, etc.

There are many targets, but the value is actually not large, mainly concepts.

Equipment terminals: Bank machines and equipment need to be updated, and public collection equipment also needs to be updated, which are of relatively large value. The explosive power is relatively strong. For example, bank ATMs and smart machines need to be replaced or upgraded.

Personal hard wallet software package: Soft wallet is software with low value. The hard wallet volume is relatively large and the explosive power is relatively strong. Such as chip cards, SIM cards, Internet of Things devices, special-shaped cards, etc.

Let me also mention that which digital currencies are actually a long-term negative for which acquiring companies, but are good for POS manufacturers. The hardware terminals of digital currency include hard wallets, and the most important thing is chips. Security needs must be domestic chips.

It is hard to say when digital currency will be fully implemented. After all, it involves a total of 1.4 billion people, and there cannot be any errors or bugs, so it must be a gradual promotion process.

But it is certain that the benefits of expanding the pilot program will come one after another. The current RMB is about 330 trillion. Even if digital currency replaces half of it, it will still be a huge demand for software and hardware updates in the whole society.

Based on current simple conservative calculations with a 30% discount, the upgrade of the digital RMB software and hardware industry will bring 140 billion market space, including 5.1 billion for bank core system transformation, 33.9 billion for digital RMB hard wallets, and 507 for ATM upgrades. 32.3 billion to upgrade smart counter card issuing machines, 19.2 billion to upgrade merchant POS equipment, and the market space is vast.

Because at present, the major research institutions, whether they are securities firms or funds, are basically ignorant of the increase in digital currency. They only stay on the concept of hot spots, and few do quantitative analysis. Therefore, the number reported in this research is a very conservative estimate.

According to Murphy's Law, the actual cost will always far exceed the initial estimate. I estimate that the actual cost will be far more than this number.

Considering that the companies that provide services are basically small and medium-sized enterprises, their contribution to flexible space must be very considerable.

Hard wallet card material target: Huaxin New Materials

Target logic: price-to-book ratio 2.66, market value 1.6 billion. The overall valuation is relatively low, and the current stock price is also at the floor price since its listing in 2018. On the graph, it is MACD weekly and monthly golden cross.

Because card issuance has little to do with the economy, this company's business is not cyclical, so the digital currency era gave him an extra large gold pie.

For digital currency, in fact, the most flexible one is the hard wallet. Currently, an average of 380 million cards are issued nationwide a year. If the digital currency promotion is completed, it is estimated that at least 2.4 billion cards will be issued (super SIM cards, screen graphics cards, and special-shaped cards combined). That’s 6.5 times the space.

Among the A-shares, only Huaxin New Materials Co., Ltd. is the supplier, which is in a monopoly position. In the market, it is represented by Eastcom Peace, Chutianlong, Hengbao Co., Ltd., Tianyu Information, Goldpac, and Donggang Co., Ltd. Listed card companies are all his customers.

The production capacity of card materials is extremely limited, so it is foreseeable that the supply of card materials will exceed the demand in the next year and the volume and price will rise. 1.6 billion market value to get 8 billion? Is that okay? I think you can let your imagination run wild.

Smart banking machine target: Guangdian Express

Target logic: The valuation has dropped by half after 2015, with a price-to-book ratio of 2.72 and a price-to-earnings ratio of 34.76. It is relatively undervalued. The bullish moving average has been attacking since November. It is a proper mid-cap institutional ticket. The arrival of the digital currency era will lead to a large number of financial outlet payment equipment and business equipment updates. The company is the absolute leader in bank intelligent machines. I will not introduce its business in detail. If you don’t understand, check it out. It is actively embracing digital currency. The People’s Bank of China’s digital currency A key cooperative unit of the institute, its digital currency wallet has been tested in payment scenarios such as gates and vending machines.

The credit card machine for the Winter Olympics was provided by him. Its subsidiary Zhongke Jiangnan is very good. All banks must be connected to its system, and each bank must pay usage fees according to the branch interface. In addition, data center business has also been launched. It can be said that he is at the forefront of domestic digital currencies and has the deepest cooperation with officials and banks. According to elasticity estimates in the digital currency era, the number of equipment replacements may be roughly 8 times the constant.

Card trademark: Eastcom Peace

Target logic: The leader among card vendors, screen graphics card and super SIM card. Under China Electronics Technology Corporation, the ultimate actual controller is China Electronics Technology Group Co., Ltd., covering smart card products and digital identity security products in financial services, mobile communications, government utilities, consumer electronics, industrial Internet of Things, Internet of Vehicles and other application fields.

Smart card business: The main products in mobile communications are M2M, NFC-SIM, USIM, etc., and the main business targets are telecommunications operations.merchants; in terms of financial payment, the main products are financial IC cards, including industry technology cards, innovative technology cards, high-end customized cards, etc., and the main business targets are banks and other financial institutions; in terms of government public utilities, the main products are ID cards, social security cards, electronic cards, etc. Passport, ETC debit card. Digital identity security products: Taking advantage of digital identity recognition and data security technology, focusing on the Internet of Things and information security industry, and providing digital identity security modules (eSIM, eSE, RFID products) and digital security management solutions to the market; main projects include: Vertical industry security chip projects, IoT sensor tag projects, mobile card writing system business, digital security platform RSP platform business, etc.

The company has patents for digital currency wallet hard wallets and digital currency key data devices. These two patents are the company’s technical reserves for digital currency security management. The company also has the subject of restructuring of China Electronics Technology Group Co., Ltd.

4. Other opportunities

Creating new advantages in the digital economy is inseparable from a complete digital infrastructure.

Basic hardware facilities such as cables, optical fibers, sensors, computing power (such as DPU), data centers, etc. will also be greatly accelerated, and related targets will also benefit greatly.

In addition, the state’s support for small and medium-sized technological innovation service enterprises, which are the main body of the digital economy, will only increase, and more capital markets will be used to help these enterprises become bigger and stronger. In recent years, we will see Many small and medium-sized technology innovation service companies in the digital economy are listed on the Beijing Stock Exchange. Therefore, venture capital companies that have invested in more small and medium-sized technological and innovative service-oriented enterprises in the digital economy will also benefit greatly.

Optical fiber target: Tongding Internet

Target logic: It has been oversold for more than 6 years, and the stock price has fallen by more than 80%. The current price-to-book ratio is 2.37 and the price-to-sales ratio is 2.32. Both are significantly lower than peers. In recent days, the bottom volume has begun to rise at a 45-degree angle, and the quarter is about to reach a golden cross. The optical fiber industry was in decline in the past few years, but now it has reversed. China Mobile's tens of billions-level centralized procurement average price has increased by 30% compared with last year. Through industrial research, we also know that the optical fiber industry has indeed reversed. Some companies The sales manager said that he has never seen the fiber optic market as hot as now.

The company also has a cable business. In fact, due to the power transformation, the cable business is also booming.

Optical module target: Zhongji InnoLight

Target logic: The valuation is at the absolute bottom, the leading brother of optical modules. The golden cross is coming soon.

Computing power target: Zuojiang Technology

Target logic: The graph is on the rise, which is the first divergence. Accelerated DPU for network big data scenarios. Provides computing engines for high-bandwidth, low-latency, and data-intensive computing scenarios. It is too wasteful for the CPU to process the data flowing through the network card.performance, the future trend is to build a chip DPU that specializes in processing data flowing through the network card, just like image data is handed over to the GPU. The computing power DPU is the core of the digital economy era and has epoch-making significance.

Whether it is industrial digitization or the Metaverse, etc., they all require huge computing power support. Some research institutions have stated that the demand for computing power will increase a thousand times. The company's DPU products will be tape-out in the second half of next year, and the company's other business is network security chips. Referring to the current market value of listed chip companies, which are often in the tens of billions, Zuojiang Technology currently has a market value of 6.9 billion. There is not a lot of room for flexibility.

⑤ Advantages and disadvantages of developing the underlying driver software and application layer software separately

Linux underlying development (BSP/driver) 1. The technical framework is taking shape
2. Technology iteration is relatively slow 3. It can be exposed to deeper Linux1. Many projects are reinventing the wheel
2. The skill stack requires a long time to accumulate 3. It takes time to get started with the project
/>Linux application development 1. The technology is mature
2. The application has technical challenges and fun (if you change the product to another application field, then the challenges and fun will be more) 3. It is faster to get started with the product 1. Need to master the application field Basics, for example, those who make videos need to understand h264, etc. If you change products, you have to learn it all over again
2. You need to master various protocols and algorithms in the application field. For example, those who make IoT modules need to understand Mqtt, NB and other protocols in addition to basic embedded function development.
MCU development (underlying/application) 1. The technology is very mature
2. It is faster to get started and make products 1. It is easy to reinvent the wheel with multiple brands and codes
2. The technical barriers are lower than Linux
>Secondly, explain why suitability is the most important:

Here are two examples so that friends can experience it on their own. The first one was that the respondent taught himself BSP and driver because of the problem of saving money when starting a business. Although that period was fulfilling (hard work), I gritted my teeth and got through it (almost collapsed). After all, you ask a person who makes applications to develop BSP from scratch. In the case of tight product progress requirements, many times when a problem occurs, I don’t know what book to read or which direction to investigate. Therefore, letting the right people do the right things is the reasonable development path.

Secondly, when the respondent was at Huawei, he witnessed many socially recruited programmers who voluntarily resigned before the trial period was over (all of them had very good abilities). In fact, the reason is very simple. It is the technology stack used by our project team. They have never been exposed to it in their past development experience and do not like to be exposed to it. Once they come, they will naturally become very resistant, thus forming a vicious circle until they break up in the end. So if the direction of your efforts is not your technical pursuits and hobbies, then you will return to your original intention sooner or later if you rely solely on work as motivation.

Finally, it is recommended that the subject should start from his personal technical interests and pursuits, and use his personal technology stack as the scope to choose an embedded development direction that suits him.

--------------------------------------------- -【Update】------------------------------------------------

A knowledgeable friend asked the respondent about the function definition and learning issues of the underlying and application layers through private messages. Here is a simple definition method. For example: We need to use a SOC chip to develop a video streaming media forwarding embedded product. [The main function is to forward the video media stream according to the configuration through the received video data stream (binary H265 encoded stream)]

In the above example, the underlying development engineer is mainly responsible for Linux operations System tailoring, SOC chip transplantation, peripheral driver Linux system development. To sum up, it can be summed up in one sentence: allow SOC to run the Linux system normally. Application development engineers are mainly responsible for developing H265 data receiving functions and data stream forwarding functions on SOCs that have already started running Linux, which involve the multi-threading of the Linux operating system, thread mutual exclusion, TCP/IP protocol stack SOCKET communication, etc. Knowledge. It can be summed up in one sentence: complete the functions of embedded products on the Linux operating system.

In addition, regarding low-level development and application development, the respondent recommended books for personal use to interested friends and embedded enthusiasts. You can take a look at the directory structure first, and you will also know what underlying development tends to do and what application development values.

Linux Environment C Programming (2nd Edition with CD)
JD.com
¥39.90
Go to buy
​
Among them, application development Pay more attention to the following knowledge points:

Complete Manual of Embedded Linux Application Development, edited by Wei Dongshan
Jingdong
¥52.40
Go and buy
​
Don’t think this book is about application development. In fact, it mainly explains the underlying knowledge points of embedded Linux: Among them, the underlying development is more concerned with the following knowledge points:

In addition, if friends If you are interested in all aspects of embedded development or have questions, please feel free to communicate and discuss.

snowdream
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Thank you for reading, I am snowdream, a state-owned enterprise person who focuses on automation and embedded technology and likes financial investment.

Edited on 2022-03-22 08:43
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How reliable is women’s intuition?

Mist and Rain

In November, one night when I was on a business trip, my husband sent me a photo after taking a shower. In the photo, he is naked from the waist up, with the camera facing the mirror on the washstand. He was showing off his figure to me, but I keenly noticed that my little black bottle had changed its position, from the top of the shelf to the bottom of the shelf. Why is he, a grown man, using girls' skin care products? I suspected that there was a woman at home, but I couldn't rush back at that time, and I didn't want to alert the snake. Besides, what if I guessed wrong? In mid-December, I went on a business trip again and deliberately came back early. When I saw that he was not at home, I called him. He said he was at a bar with his buddies, so I went directly to the bar we often went to. He was indeed with his buddies, sitting in a booth by the window. The buddies were making noises, and he and his "good sister" were hugging and chewing! Standing behind the wine rack at the entrance, listening to their loud cheers, I was so angry that I was shaking all over, and all my cells were shouting: Rush over, rush over! Tear these bastards apart! 1. My husband’s name is Zhang Di, and he is my first love. I'm not the kind of pretty girl. Before Zhang Di, no one had ever chased me. When Zhang Di chased me, I was reserved on the outside, but with a little joy and gratitude in my heart, I only pretended to hesitate for one night before agreeing. He is not a handsome boy either. I thought it would be safer to be ugly and not show off outside. We got together soon. I, Ba Xin Ba Gan, am good to him. I know that he has Bai Yueguang, who is his first love. I have seen photos and she is indeed better looking than me. That's the one he's chewing on! For more than a year, Bai Yueguang broke up with her Nth boyfriend and came to Zhang Di to cry. Zhang Di, the eternal spare tire, treated her to food and drinks every day to comfort her. Although I felt uncomfortable, Zhang Di swore to convince me to trust his character and said that Bai Yueguang was just his "sister" now. Bai Yueguang is even more like a "sister-in-law". Sometimes she admires my talent, sometimes she praises me as an elite in the industry, sometimes she says I am a good charioteer, and sometimes she says how good Zhang Di is to me... one rainbow fart after another, she praises me so much. Believe it or not. In addition, Bai Yueguang is really beautiful. Standing with Zhang Di, they look like a flower stuck in cow dung. Gradually, I lost guard against them. When she received the certificate last month, Bai Yueguang specially invited us to dinner, wished us a long life, and said that the luckiest thing was that she met my sister-in-law through Zhang Di! Nowadays...what is this? ! After I calmed down, I took out my phone and took a picture of them holding and chewing. Everything must be based on evidence. Even if you get divorced or go to court, whoever claims it will provide evidence. I have to present something. After coming out of this bar, I went to the bar next door, found a seat where I could see the door here, and ordered a glass of whiskey with ice. More than an hour later, the couple hugged each other and got into the same taxi. I followed them and saw them return to the place where Zhang Di and I lived.! This is a house we bought specifically for our wedding. We just moved in less than half a year ago. This is simply a naked insult! I was sitting in a taxi, my nails dug deeply into my flesh, my eyes were so painful, and all I could think of was the scene of rushing up to tear a bitch to pieces, or catching someone raping her in bed... However, my reason told me: At this time, my hands Tear it apart, the result will be nothing more than a simple divorce, which will not harm them at all. It is even possible that these two people will join forces to beat me up! These days, on the social news pages, are there not enough stories about the first wife catching her in adultery, and then the husband and his mistress beating him up? "Miss, will you get off the car?" "No." I gave the name of a nearby hotel. I needed to think carefully about what to do next and what their weaknesses were. 2 A few minutes later, Zhang Di called. I looked at the word "husband" on the caller ID and remembered the suitcase I had left in the living room when I came back. I quickly rubbed my face, took a deep breath, and then answered the phone - "Honey, where are you? Yes. Aren't you back? I just came back from the bar and was drunk." His voice was full of exhaustion, pretending to be. "I reported to the club. There is something wrong with the project. Everyone is working overtime. I don't know how long we will be busy!" I endured my nausea and said in a grumpy tone, "Hey, I won't tell you now. It's so annoying! This is so annoying!" The work is not over yet!" "Then hurry up and get busy, I'll wait for you." Zhang Di hung up the phone. I sneered. wait for me? How to wait? Have sex with Bai Yueguang? How many times has this happened before? Were they shocked when they saw the suitcase when they entered the door just now? ! I bought a house, why should I be the one sleeping in the hotel? ! All the grievances I have suffered today must be repaid double by them! That night, I was completely insomnia and kept thinking... 3 The next morning, I was washing. Zhang Di called me and asked me if I had finished my work? He said he felt sorry for me and loved me, and told me to go home and rest as soon as I was done. I rolled my eyes in the mirror and wanted to ask him, "Have the sheets been washed? Is the room ventilated? Is the smell still there?" I endured it and replied, "I just finished my work and will be back after breakfast with my colleagues." At 10:00, I returned to the community. [The first thing to do is not to go home, but to go to the community property management office. 】I lied that my home was stolen and asked for the surveillance camera on our floor. The property management girl recognized me, took me to the monitoring room, and even set up a computer for me. The night before, I had listed the business trip times for the past six months, and sat in front of the computer to search for each time period. Those two people were really shameless. Every time before they even entered the door, they would already be hugging and chewing on it. The surveillance video of our community is saved for three months. During the three-month period, I found four videos of them carrying and gnawing through the door. Paralysis, we have to do it outside! When no one was paying attention, I quickly copied those paragraphs on a small USB flash drive. [The second thing is to go home. 】The battlefield was very clean, all the windows that could be opened were opened, the bedding was folded neatly, and there was no garbage in the trash can. My suitcase is packed, the dirty clothes are in the washing machine and the clean clothes are hanging in the closet. If I hadn't witnessed everything last night, I would have continued to think that I had found true love and a man who cared about me. I sat on the sofa, picked it up and put it on the sofaiPad on the armrest, [Open WeChat]. This man, because he likes to "eat chicken" (playing the game "Peace Elite"), is logged in to WeChat all year round. I first read the [chat history] between him and Bai Yueguang. The deletion was not clean, but it was very clever. There was no ambiguity in the words. It was a normal time and place for dinner appointments, and I would attend them all. I snorted coldly and opened ["Me"-"Payment"-"Wallet"-"Bills"]. As the saying goes, every expense from WeChat is clearly listed above. Giving out red envelopes is a daily routine, both big and small. Then there are the hotels, judging from the time and price, they should be hourly rooms; the sex toy stores, I don’t know what they are buying; and the numerous expenses in shopping malls, flower shops, and dessert shops... These two people spend quite a lot of time. Instead of taking screenshots, I took photos with my phone to avoid leaving traces on my iPad. The last step is [Open the stock trading software]. I am a financial reporter and am familiar with many big names in the industry. I have made a lot of money following them in the past few years, especially in the stock market. I taught Zhang Di how to trade stocks step by step. I applied for the password for his account. He did not change the password, so that I could occasionally help him operate it. I pulled out the account and recorded a video on my phone. Although he and I didn't have a wedding, legally, we were a real couple. I don't care about his money, but I don't want my money to be calculated by him either! It’s easy to talk about property before marriage, but it’s really hard to talk about it in the six months after marriage. With these two accounts, everything is different. We manage our own finances. Most of his income is in the stock market, and the other part, clearly shown in WeChat payment bills, is spent on Bai Yueguang! It's funny to say that I have been with him for two years, and the expenses of living together basically cost me money. I'm not the kind of person who has to let my boyfriend support me when I have a boyfriend. My family's family education is: [A woman must be financially independent to have the confidence to get married. 】And in real life, many times it is: 【Whoever a man spends money on will love him more. If a man feels sorry for money, he will feel sorry for a woman. 】4At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Zhang Di called me. The first was to ask me if I had rested well, and the second was to ask me to have dinner out in the evening, telling me that I had worked hard during the "business trip + working overtime" and wanted to reward me well. "Who else?" I asked casually. "I just had a drink with my brothers yesterday. I won't call them today." Zhang Di thought for a while, "Zhou Yue said I haven't seen you for a long time. How about I ask her?" Zhou Yue is Bai Yueguang. "Okay, I just brought a souvenir for her." I said with a smile, "You can't tell me in advance, otherwise the surprise will be gone!" Zhang Di agreed and asked me why I didn't buy him a gift? I despised her in my heart, and the smile on my lips continued: "Of course, I'll give it to you tonight! You like it." Zhang Di kissed the phone twice. I used to enjoy such a small act of intimacy, but now I just feel disgusted. Zhang Di asked me to rest for a while and see you in the evening. How can I dare to rest? A burning fire within makes every cell in the body burn. I stood up with a bang, and first called my best friend who had gone to the police station. I told her in a few words that I needed a monitor and asked her where else I could buy it besides a certain treasure. I wanted it right away. She said Electronic City and gave me the name of a store. I said thank you. boudoirMi called me "Hey" and said, "Katsuo, let me remind you that surveillance is illegal. Evidence obtained in this way will not be accepted by the court." "I know that once caught, the circumstances will be minor. Yes, the "Public Security Management Law" stipulates a detention of not more than 5 days or a fine of not more than 500 yuan. The most serious one is the "Criminal Law"." I said, "Don't worry, it won't spread, and I won't be stupid enough to use it as evidence. I will be very careful not to use it as evidence. I will be discovered, so I just want to see if Zhang Di is a human or a ghost!" My best friend reminded me to be careful again: a fine is a small matter, but leaving a criminal record is a big deal. I said "Yeah" and quickly took a shower, changed clothes, put on makeup... 5 The place where we had hot pot was the one we often went to. I gave Bai Yueguang an A-brand lipstick and a handmade lipstick. The monitor was attached to the bottom of the inner tube of the handmade lipstick. I told her that I made the handmade lipstick myself. When I was on a business trip, I had half a day to spare, so I learned to make a few in the store. Bai Yueguang held my arm, rubbed it again and again, and kept praising me for my ability. Not only could I trade stocks, but I was also clever and handy, and I could even make lipstick. As for the A-brand lipstick, she obviously liked it better. Her eyes were shining and she said that she didn't have that color and praised me for being bright and airy. Zhang Di looked on, pretending to be jealous and said, I treat Bai Yueguang better than him. "That's natural, I'm prettier than you!" Bai Yueguang glanced at him coquettishly, "If Sister Shengnan were a boy, I would definitely pursue her!" Zhang Di ordered with a smile and ticked off items on the menu. I took a few glances. how to say? Many details will not be discovered when one person trusts another person; but when trust collapses, every detail becomes suspicious. When Zhang Di chooses dishes, he chooses what Bai Yueguang likes first, then what he likes, and finally what I like to eat. I secretly cursed myself for being stupid in the past. An existence like Bai Yueguang should not be taken lightly. Halfway through the hot pot meal, Zhang Di and Bai Yueguang asked me, "What have I gained from this business trip?" As the Chinese New Year approaches, do you have any good stock recommendations? This is a daily topic. Every time I have dinner with a group of them, the most talked about thing is stocks. Basically, they buy whatever I tell them to buy, and they basically make money. This time, I didn't answer right away. I said that we should study it carefully. Buying an ordinary one is meaningless if it is the same as the market. We need to find a big one and make a lot of money. The two men were beaming. I'm laughing too. I'm not a believer, so don't expect me to help you make money after being cheated on! 6 What he gave to Zhang Di was a money clip from the L family, which was more than two grades higher than his previous money clip. "I thought you just remembered Zhou Yue, seeing as you treat her better than me." Zhang Di sat next to me, happily changing various cards from the old money clip to the new money clip. "How can I?" I peeled the orange and thought to myself that I was really mean in the past. I smiled and said, "It's not just for your sake. To put it bluntly, I also want to give you some credit. I just want to tell her, Without her, you can still live well, and you can live better!" Zhang Di was sitting a little behind me, and I could clearly feel him looking at me. If it were before, I would definitely have thought that he was moved by me again, but now, I just find it ridiculous. He must be thinking of "fool"! There are so many "moved" and "moved" in this world. Most of the time, what we think of as "moved" is just "self-moved". "Katsuo, you are so good to me!" He hugged me from behind. I was fed up, feeling sick and dirty. I am not a mysophobic person. Before we were friends, it had nothing to do with how many women he had. But now that we are husband and wife, I feel dirty if he messes around outside again. I gave him half of the peeled orange and urged him to take a shower after eating. He may have misunderstood. He ate the orange in a few mouthfuls, saying, "I'll wash my hands right away and serve my wife." I smiled, slowly finished the other half of the orange, and then stuffed the prepared monitor into my wallet. . Today's money clips are often used for ID cards and occasionally for social security cards. They are also used for various other cards, whether bank cards or VIP cards. They are not used twice a year and are basically just decorations. I'm not worried that he will find out. Even if he finds out, he can just deny it. Besides, I only plan to eavesdrop for a few days. When the monitor runs out of power, I can find an opportunity to throw the monitor away. 7The monitor software is not on my daily mobile phone. When I bought the monitor the day before, I also bought a second-hand mobile phone and sent it to the newspaper office by courier in the same city. The recipient was me. At that time, I never dreamed that the moment I installed the monitor, it was like pushing the first piece of dominoes. After that, every domino fell, like opening a Pandora's box. The evil in human nature is like a dragon in the abyss. Chapter 2 Life is Dominoes The express delivery was placed at the doorman of the newspaper office. I took out my mobile phone, couldn't wait to come to the small office, and put on my headphones. Unexpectedly, Bai Yueguang actually has a boyfriend, and by coincidence, last night, she went to her boyfriend's place and gave him the lipstick I gave her. After that, there was a long section of "Uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh." Bai Yueguang asked her boyfriend "when will I take her home" and complained that "I have never met her boyfriend's friends". The boyfriend said frankly that "the family would not agree" and that Bai Yueguang was not good enough for him. He also said that someone from a family like his must find someone who is well matched. I laughed unkindly. The goddess held in the palm of Zhang Di's hand is just a shadowy figure in the eyes of the rich second generation. The monitor has a location. I glanced at the location on my phone. I saw that the other party was in a well-known high-end community in our city. The people who lived there were either rich or expensive. Bai Yueguang cried: "What do you think of me? Pao's friend? I am devoted to you, but I didn't expect you to be such a person! I want to break up!" The rich second generation quickly coaxed: "Now is the entrepreneurial period, outsiders can see Although it looks prosperous, its annual revenue is only a few million, which is just a drop in the bucket compared with the family business." He also said that when his career starts, Bai Yueguang is the only woman who shares the joys and sorrows, and he will [give her a Maserati as a betrothal gift]! Maserati! I admit, I am sour, everyone loves green tea. "When will your company get up?" Bai Yueguang asked coquettishly. "Come on, hurry up, wait for the wind to blow. Once the wind blows, pigs can fly to the sky!" said the second-generation rich man, followed by a lot of thoughts about the future. The core word: blockchain. Unfortunately, because of Bitcoin, I have learned about blockchain and interviewedDomestic blockchain companies know a little bit about it. The rhetoric of the rich second generation has neither gold content nor differentiation advantages, and even vague financial concepts. I suspect Bai Yueguang was deceived. Today's rich second generation, their families generally value education, and their knowledge and knowledge are much higher than ordinary people. The possibility of starting a business in a field they are not good at is very small. 8 The lipstick stays with the rich second generation, and the monitors also stay there. I switched the line to Zhang Di, and he dialed Bai Yueguang's number as soon as he got in the car. bluebooth for cars. I heard the conversation between the two people clearly - "It's so ugly that I get scared every morning when I wake up, thinking there is a ghost sleeping next to me! Yue'er, your husband relies on you to wash his eyes every day to survive..." The thought of living with a dominatrix for a few more years makes my hair tingle. What if I can't bear it any longer?" "Then let's meet at the same place at noon?" Bai Yueguang chuckled, "...Think about the ugly money, and what if I can't bear it anymore?" There are several houses, be good, if you bear with me...I will reward you with rewards later!" Zhang Di said "Yes" with a frivolous tone, "You know what I like." Bai Yueguang's voice was so sweet that it almost dropped. Izuku said: "I know... I hate it so much..." The two of them kept flirting. The fire in my heart was like a volcano, spewing out crazily! My eyes hurt terribly. This is the man I want to marry...a dominatrix who claims to be someone else's husband! At this moment, my self-esteem was severely stepped into the mud and rubbed repeatedly! 9 I called my best friend who went to the police station. A few minutes later, she knocked on my office door. After opening the door, she was startled: "Why are your eyes so red?...What's wrong with Zhang Di?" I handed her the earphones and called up the conversation in the car. She was also very angry and kept calling "bastard, garbage, scum" and asked me what I was going to do. what to do? This is not a simple matter of "having sex within marriage" or "thinking I am ugly". Zhang Di clearly stated that "I will only live for a few years", and Bai Yueguang directly reminded him that it was for money and a house! In other words: this marriage was originally a calculation! my house! My deposit! My vision for stock trading! Even, my parents’ property! My parents only have one daughter. We have three houses in our hometown, two of which have my name on them. The houses they mentioned should include these two! I stared at my best friend, who was several years older than me, and gritted my teeth for a long time: "Sister, help me!" 10 My eyes were so bloodshot with anger that the whites of them were almost invisible, which was truly terrifying. I went to the hospital and prescribed a lot of medicine, and then naturally became a patient. I did not fulfill my wifely obligations and slept with my back to him every day. Zhang Di didn't want to see my face, but he was also a man with strong desires. He couldn't get relief at night and had to look for Bai Yueguang every day. Bai Yueguang is very busy, dealing with two men alone. Sleeping with her is not a problem, the real trouble is that she has to work hard to make herself worthy of the "rich second generation". [She is short of money, a lot of money. 】 She asked Zhang Di and me more than once, when can we choose the best stocks, and it is best to have daily limit. She wanted to cash out a large sum of money before the New Year and invest in the company of the "rich second generation", and then take advantage of the Chinese New Year to go home with the rich second generation to meet her parents as a partner and as a girlfriend. Of course, these words are notMaybe tell Zhang Di. The version she gave to Zhang Di was: The thought of Zhang Di and me getting married makes her heartache... She wants to make a lot of money and not wrong herself for money... She wants Zhang Di to divorce as soon as possible so that they can be together in a legitimate way. Zhang Di was so moved that he didn't go to work that afternoon and hung out with Bai Yueguang in the hotel. He even called me and told me that he would be back very late after working overtime. I hehe. Among the few people, the busiest are the "second generation rich". That is a real "Aquaman". In addition to Zhou Yue, he also has several girlfriends from ABCD. He is smarter than Zhang Di. He has a high profile, "second generation rich", "family business", "entrepreneurial elite", lives in a mansion and drives a luxury car, is good at sweet talk, and is generous with his money. From what I heard on the monitor, every time he sends something out, it is not Top-notch skin care products are bags from luxury brands. His girlfriends have a common goal recently: to go home to meet their parents during the Chinese New Year. Unfortunately, the timing is not good! The rich second generation wants to expand the company for a while, the company is investigated for tax evasion, and plans to invest in land... In short, the capital turnover is not efficient. If you bring your girlfriend home at this time, you will definitely be criticized. Some of the girlfriends offered to inject capital into the company and become shareholders, and some directly lent money to the rich second generation. The rich second generation promised all the women who planned to give him money that he would take them home during the Chinese New Year and stay together despite all odds! My best friend and I looked at each other and said three words in unison: "Pig Killing Plate!" 11 "Pig Killing Plate" is the name given by the fraud gang themselves. Girls are "pigs", characters and love are "pig feed", the process of falling in love is the process of "raising pigs", and finally defrauding money is "killing pigs". The rich second generation plans to kill pigs in batches. My best friend and I’s first reaction was to call the police. She has been working as a reporter for many years, especially since she went to the police, and her sense of justice is stronger than that of ordinary people. The second reaction is that we can [use the "rich second generation" to retaliate against Bai Yueguang and Zhang Di]. My best friend and I were in a dilemma whether to choose A or B. Just like a previous episode of "Qi Pa Shuo": "The art museum is on fire. A famous painting and a cat. Only one can be saved. Who do you save?" Famous paintings are distant cries. What we have not seen can be inferred. The victim is a distant cry. The cat is a nearby wailing, my love that was deceived, and my self-esteem that was pressed to the ground and rubbed repeatedly are a nearby wailing. In the end, we [choose selfishness], redesigned every step of revenge, and listed the "killing plate" as an important part of revenge. I swear, I have never done anything so pleasurable in my life!
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CodeAllen
Sharing embedded technology and learning routes
A bunch of suggestions for the bottom layer I don’t know what I think.

The first principle is to do whatever you like. Interest is the best teacher. If you don’t like it, why bother forcing yourself to do it?

The second principle is to be the one who makes more money. This is why many people who were doing embedded work in the past switched to Java or Android. Many people who did not switch still lamented every day that others made more money and their own abilities were courageous.The quantity is not enough.

The third principle is, no matter which one you do, you must also learn the other one, because embedded development itself is a combination of software and hardware, a technology that can be used by both top and bottom. Only when you are aware of problems can you solve them quickly. .

Embedded requires holistic learning. As for what you do specifically, it’s not that important. Just do what you need.

Read more Two o'clock at a time is good.

1. If your interest is to be at the bottom, it is better to be at the bottom. This is a BB. If you don’t like it because of money, it is definitely not true love.

2. It’s better to have more money

This is the way this society is, if you are given more money, you will be happy if you do what you do, don’t pretend·

= ==

Update, after recently switching to Tencent, I started to do contact application development. Working at the bottom level is like building roads. When building roads, you may encounter many strange problems. Of course, you also need to work overtime.

Making an application is like giving you a truck. How do you need to allocate the space to maximize the performance of the truck? You also need to consider issues such as traffic, fuel consumption, etc.

From this point of view, the challenge of making applications is actually greater, and there are more things that need to be done and considered.

Read more Produced platforms and solutions often require a lot of application layer development work to realize the business, and there are few opportunities to do the underlying work. However, in our actual embedded development, whether it is Linux, RTOS or even bare metal, we will inevitably encounter some more complex problems that need to be located and analyzed. For example, when developing the application layer, we often encounter the problem of memory overload. One memory has been inexplicably rewritten after running for a period of time. How to quickly locate this problem? Do humans check the code? In fact, there are many tools that can help us locate this problem, such as using gdb, using jtag. In some advanced CPUs such as a series and m7, we can use the arm's memory monitoring module to analyze and locate the problem. These require you to be familiar with the underlying layer. Especially cpu related knowledge. To give another example, if an exception such as data abort or hardfault occurs, how to analyze the problem? The correct way is to save the exception scene and stack, analyze the root cause of the exception by combining the assembly return, and even use the stack to analyze the call chain and corresponding input parameters, etc. If you cannot analyze these problems, it may not be a problem. excellentExcellent embedded engineer. In embedded development, it is easy to find someone to handle the upper-level development, but it is too difficult to find someone to cover the lower-level development. It is not difficult for people who can do low-level work to move to the upper level, but people who can only do upper-level development are actually just C language software engineers to be more precise.

Expand to read the full text​

Shadow Moon 5
The application layer is good. The more intensively you can contact the needs (facing users or the market), the better the treatment and other aspects will be.

Application programmers are naturally more likely to understand the needs and the market. If they understand the market and needs well, it will be no problem to be a leader. This is also the rule in objective reality. Many leaders have no skills, and many have skills. The leader was born to make the app. There are even many bosses who know how to apply the software. As long as you are not blind, you can definitely see this reality. Even if you keep a low profile, fail to become a leader and boss, and get laid off at 35, it will be easier to switch to marketing, demand analysis, planning, sales and other positions.

I would like to ask if most people who work at the embedded bottom level have the above opportunities to change careers when they encounter 35 layoffs? I’m afraid it’s not just sales, workers, and testing! Technology is relative. It is useless outside the scope of application. As long as you are alive, you need to live. Choose carefully. If you don't have good conditions, choose the application layer as much as possible. At least the cost of error correction is low.

Read more hand!
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What is embedded Linux application development?

⑥ Blockchain can be defined

On March 12, 2018, the 2nd World of Everything was co-sponsored by the Hangzhou Science and Technology Commission, Hangzhou Financial Affairs Office, Xiaoshan District People’s Government, and Hejana Hangzhou Daily Newspaper Group, and hosted by the Hangzhou Venture Capital Association and Hangzhou Bank. The growth conference was held in the press conference hall of Hangzhou International Expo Center. Babbitt and Bytom founder Chang Chai gave a keynote speech on "The future can be predicted and blockchain can be defined."
The following is the content of the speech:
Good morning everyone, I am very happy to be invited to do such a sharing. The theme I shared is "The future can be predicted and blockchain can be defined."
I used to be a science fiction writer and wrote some science fiction novels in college. At that time, science fiction was still a very niche group and very few people read science fiction novels. Later, I had a post that is now very popular. In 2011, a college student asked on Zhihu: If you have 6,000 yuan for investment and financial management, what advice do you have? The advice I gave him at that time was to buy Bitcoin. . Now it seems that this is a piece of advice worth 20 million. Of course, it is a sad story because the subject did not buy Bitcoin in the end. It is also a sad story for me, because many people in the novel I wrote I haven’t read it, but this advice is often mentioned. In recent years, people have been sending me private messages asking me which coins to buy. However, I am not an expert in investment and financial management. Our company is engaged in blockchain.
Babit established the website in 2011 and established the company in 2014, so we may be the first batch of blockchain companies in China. On what basis do we judge that blockchain technology may be popularized or survive in the future?
This would like to mention a science fiction novel I once wrote in college called "The Art of Slaying Dragons". This computer-themed novel was written in 2007. It tells the story of hackers who can use huge amounts of computing resources on the Internet in the cloud era to complete some very grand scientific computing projects. After this novel was published at the time, it was criticized by many readers. They thought the novel looked unreal and questioned the hacker'sThe ability is beyond ordinary people's imagination.
But now it seems that this novel is not an exaggeration at all. Why? Because in the cloud era, the abilities between people will be disproportionately amplified. In reality, the abilities between people may be a kind of The normal distribution is just like a person's height and weight, but on the Internet, people's ability and influence will be disproportionately amplified. It is a combination of the Matthew effect + the long tail effect.
The core ideas of this novel are two points. The first point is that cloud computing will amplify people's abilities, and the improvement of computing power will amplify people's abilities. The second point is that computing is power. So when a new thing like Bitcoin comes out, it seems that the world written in my novel is becoming a reality. When Bitcoin was introduced to China from 2008 to 2010, many people had already heard of Bitcoin, but did not pay attention to it. In fact, to understand a thing like blockchain, some knowledge background is needed.
In addition, I would like to introduce a book, which is "Out of Control" written by Kevin Kelly. This book was written in the 1990s, but this book is very forward-looking and has a chapter that introduces the development of cryptocurrency. Pioneers, but these pioneers later became martyrs, what was the reason for their failure? In fact, blockchain needs to be based on three core technologies, and these three technologies are gradually maturing. The first technology is asymmetric encryption. In 1985, elliptic curve function encryption was already very mature, but unfortunately it was implemented in a centralized way. What are the risks of centralization? That is, when issuance If the currency company collapses or the founder is arrested, or the central server is attacked, it will cause the system to collapse, so it failed later. In 2000, someone began to introduce peer-to-peer technology into cryptocurrency for the first time, taking the lead in realizing distributed cryptocurrency. However, it also failed later. The reason is very simple, that is, there is no way to find a way to solve double payment (the same money is used). twice). It was not until 1997 that Adam Baker proposed proof of work. In 2004, Halfini expanded this technology into a reusable proof of work, so the 2008 Bitcoin white paper was successfully published.
And the carefully designed technical solutions in Bitcoin later seemed to be very advanced. For example, in 2014, Snowden revealed that elliptic curve function encryption is unsafe because the US National Security Agency has set up a backdoor in this encryption standard, giving the NSA an unknown method to weaken this curve. , at that time many people exclaimed that Bitcoin was dead and that the system might collapse, but later Satoshi Nakamoto did not use the encryption standard promulgated by the National Security Agency, but used a very rare curve.
To give another example, after hashing twice, a quantum computer cannot threaten the Bitcoin address and cannot decipher the Bitcoin private key from the address. What’s more interesting is that Satoshi Nakamoto also adopted a weird transaction method called a change mechanism. The change mechanism is that the remaining balance of each transaction is transferred to a new address. Now it seems that this is actually the case.It is to prevent quantum computers, because the public key of a Bitcoin transaction will only be exposed on the blockchain during the transaction. You only need to transfer the remaining money to a new address during each transaction. In fact, your public key will not be exposed on the blockchain.
So judging from so many details, it can be said that Satoshi Nakamoto is a bit like a person who is extremely careful, so many people think that he is not a person, but an organization.
I just mentioned why the proof-of-work mechanism was introduced to the blockchain and Bitcoin, and this cryptocurrency was successful? Because the proof-of-work mechanism is actually hash calculation. Why is calculation so important to the blockchain? ?I can give a very easy-to-understand proof through such a table.
This table shows that the real world and the digital world are actually in a mirror relationship. The real world can also be called the atomic world. In the real world, things are randomly distributed and random. In the digital world, everything is generally Pseudo-random. In the real world, there are no two identical leaves. Everything on the Internet can be copied. In the real world, it is a normal distribution. In the digital world, it is a power law distribution. It is the Matthew effect + long tail effect. . In the real world, things are competitive resources, which are exclusive resources. For example, if I own a microphone or a glass of water, others cannot own it. All resources in the digital world are non-competitive resources. For example, I transfer a document and article to another person, but in fact this document cannot be transferred like a book in reality, because this document may be saved infinitely in my computer or other storage media. A copy, so based on such a mirror relationship, we can ask the question, why is it so difficult to copy exactly the same thing in the real world? This question can be turned into whether you can create a perfect crystal in reality, you can create A perfect crystal can actually copy exactly the same thing, but the third law of thermodynamics tells us that if you want to create a perfect crystal, you need absolute zero, and you have to invest a huge amount of energy. In turn, through this symmetrical thinking, we can This raises the question that in the digital world, that is, on the Internet, it is very difficult to prevent something from being copied and to achieve such competitive resources. To achieve such a competitive resource, a huge amount of personnel consumption is required, which is computing. The more computing power invested, the higher the barrier against double spending, which is why computing matters.
So since the real world and the digital world have such a mirror relationship, the blockchain can actually be understood as the reverse machine of the printing press. I like to use such a very vivid metaphor to define the blockchain as the printing press. Reverse process.
Why is the printing press so great? In fact, before the birth of the printing press, human knowledge and information were competitive resources. Whether it was the Bible or martial arts secrets, they were all competitive resources. But after the birth of the printing press, this knowledge and Information becomes replicable on a large scale, or the marginal cost of replication isThere are non-competitive resources that are almost equal to 0, so there is the subsequent information revolution. With the Internet, the Internet is actually an enhanced version of the printing press. But the problem with the Internet is that it is difficult to transfer competitive resources in the digital world. This is also the reason why some cryptocurrency pioneers failed in the 1990s. Blockchain solves this problem. It is the first to realize competitive resources on the Internet. The first competitive resource is of course Bitcoin, which is the first domino to be erected. After the first card falls, we can imagine that the second and third cards will fall as long as they have value attributes. They are all very suitable for using blockchain for registration and circulation, because the Internet is suitable for things with information attributes, so we say that the Internet is an information transmission protocol, and blockchain is a value transmission protocol. In fact, all resources with value attributes are It is very suitable to be combined with the blockchain.
So I don’t think the blockchain will replace the Internet. The blockchain itself is a parallel world of the Internet. It is to do some things that the Internet cannot do, so it may propose many business models. In my opinion, it is not It is unrealistic. For example, it combines things with information attributes and business scenarios with blockchain. In fact, I think it is not that appropriate, because scenarios with information attributes are suitable for the Internet, and only scenarios with value attributes are suitable for "blockchain." +".
Let’s further deepen the mirroring relationship between the Internet and blockchain. The carrier of the Internet is often software, and the carrier of blockchain is generally protocols. Software needs to apply for patents to establish its own patent barriers. On the contrary, with blockchain, most blockchain projects are open source, and you are very welcome to copy it. The code does not need to establish such patent barriers or moats. The main body of software development is usually a company, and the main body of blockchain development is often a community or foundation, which is a very loose organizational form. Software requires constant iterative upgrades, but iterative upgrades of protocols are very difficult, so they are generally very stable, because protocol upgrades require the approval of the entire network consensus, which is of course very, very difficult. That’s why there are so many Bitcoins. The software can be maintained and updated, and the protocol is that it cannot be shut down after it is started, and it runs 24 hours a day. Based on this kind of thinking, we can solve many doubts in our hearts. For example, in 10 years ago, many experts or big names in the investment community believed that although Bitcoin was a pioneer, it did not necessarily have the last laugh. How to prevent being defeated by latecomers? This is a typical Internet thinking. Internet thinking regards Bitcoin as a software. Through technological upgrades, latecomers may catch up, just like the browsers in the 1990s. Later, the early browsers were defeated by the newcomers. But in fact, Bitcoin cannot be regarded as a kind of software, but a protocol. The method of implementing this kind of blockchain is already a minimum feasible solution, and there is not much room for optimization.
Many people understand blockchain as the fifth paradigm revolution, because it is based on the summary of technological updates in the past few decades, which means that such a paradigm revolution, a leap-forward revolution, will be completed approximately every two years. 70The 1980s were mainframes, the 1980s were PCs, the 1990s were the Internet, the 2000s were the mobile Internet, and the blockchain was born in the 10s. The trend behind this is actually a trend of decentralization. Mainframes are used in scientific research institutes or military institutions. PCs have entered families. The Internet has entered tens of millions of people. Mobile Internet has pervaded the world. In all aspects of life, blockchain has become more decentralized, and there is no longer even a central server. There is another detail here, that is, the time of the blockchain was calculated from January 1, 1970. Why does it have such a feature? In fact, it is because many programming languages ​​are derived from Linux systems, and Linux is derived from mainframes. , so it has the imprint of such an era invisibly.
In fact, there is a deeper evolutionary law behind it, such as the three stages of asset evolution. The evolution of assets can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the confirmation of asset rights, which is the equityization of assets and the confirmation of asset rights. It can then be transferred as a whole, so it's kind of like the solid stage of the asset. The second stage is asset securitization. After securitization, the assets can be divided and transferred, and their liquidity is obviously stronger. It is a bit like the liquid stage of assets. The liquid stage also has its limitations. For example, the business requires a container. , this container is the platform for assets, and assets still cannot flow across platforms. Only after the assets are blockchainized, that is, after the assets are put on the chain, will they truly enter a gas phase, because everyone can manage assets through their own private keys, whether it is Equity, income rights, debts, intellectual property rights, etc., as long as they are assets with this value attribute, they are suitable for registration and circulation using the blockchain, so they are no longer limited by the platform, because everyone can complete it through their own wallet. The process of asset transfer does not require a centralized authority or a centralized trading place. More broadly, many people have summarized the stages of blockchain evolution. The first stage was in 2009 with Bitcoin as the Representing the stage of cryptocurrency to solve value transfer matters, it can be understood as the 1.0 of blockchain. In 2017, the era of issuing virtual assets through smart contracts emerged, represented by Ethereum, which can be understood as the 2.0 of blockchain. We believe that we will enter the third stage in 2020, using smart contracts to issue physical assets or help real assets to be put on the chain. The blockchain will eventually move away from the virtual to the real and serve the real economy. So Babbitt is doing the third stage, which is our prediction of the future development trend of the blockchain.

⑦ How to introduce blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future

There is a real joke, an engineer from Ant Financial , he wrote a blind date resume, and the job in it was "code farmer", but no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain" and received 381 love letters at once. .

From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the carnival of blockchain. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.

1. What is blockchain?

To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to be responsible for "accounting" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents of his records into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to perform backups.

2. What is so powerful about blockchain technology?

Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks. Now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency has been improved not only a little!

3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?

As mentioned earlier, the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not require intermediary participation, the process is efficient and transparent, the cost is very low, and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:

In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to a new generation.A digital, secure and tamper-proof general ledger. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.

In terms of car rental, blockchain also has great potential. A future customer selects the car they want to lease, entering it into the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the lease agreement and insurance policy, while the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.

In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.

Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.

In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."

Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.

1. What is blockchain;

2. What are the benefits of blockchain;

3. What are the uses of blockchain;

4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;

Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain

Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.

1. What is a "block"?

You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.

For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.

When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.

This is the first dimension.

To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.

Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. Famous. However, human DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a benefit of the blockchain.

2. What is a "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.

Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.

Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and tested.

The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.

Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?

1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.

Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.

2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.

For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.

However, he was unable to obtain this contract;can steal this contract from your computer.

Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.

3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.

This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.

In the third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain

1. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a cryptocurrency. Of course, you can make another one based on it, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.

2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.

The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?

Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.

3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.

You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will save many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.

Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.

After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at blockchain technology and existing problems

Today’s blockchain is basically the secondThe first generation is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.

The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike in the past with Bitcoin, you had to completely copy its formula and copy it again. Today you are on Ethereum. , it is easy to issue your own currency, just like you can easily make your App on the Android operating system today.

There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions

1. The transaction delay is very long. I have asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.

2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, a few people in the early days took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one understands it clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.

3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.

Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technologies and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.

Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.

Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.

Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!

Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.

The current development direction includes digital currency, supportPayment categories, smart contracts, defi financial categories, web3 categories, etc. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.

Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage

Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.

Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market

First, what is a blockchain? Blocks and chains are an accounting method and a form of network data storage.

Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution result data of smart contracts, etc.

Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".

This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain some information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block has to modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.

Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.

Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network

Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.

How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets

Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.

The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price.Accepting a certificate of investment is essentially building a kind of trust.

When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone only recognizes the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.

To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and then connects the transaction blocks one after another and saves them in each node, but an encryption algorithm will be used in the process. Ensure that node information is not leaked, ensure that user information is encrypted, and ensure that the information in the block is not hacked or tampered with

Second, the block The current development of the chain, various projects and significance, at this stage are more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.

Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.

For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.

I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.

Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.

For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.

What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.

This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.

In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights

But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.

Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets.Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.

It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.

There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces

and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we no longer need large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.

If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.

Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.

The original digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.

Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.

It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.

Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?

This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.

Third, it is essentially a mechanism of trust, a method of value transmission, and an exploration of social governance methods.

What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values ​​can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.

Mainly in these aspects.

First, before Bitcoin, people didn’t know how to convert a piece of information intoProtect it, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.

The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.

You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.

For example, the master who could whip five lightning whips a while ago. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable

Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.

The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.

If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.

You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brain power, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.

The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.

You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.

So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.

To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure

Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.

The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.

The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.

I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.

⑧ What are the new Internet trends in 2022?

In the past, the Internet advocated free and sharing; today’s Internet increases consumption, promotes traffic, and advocates Algorithms promote monetization. The Internet, as a major tool that changes our lifestyle, has developed to this day and has become an indispensable tool for production and life. Many innovations on the Internet have filled the gaps in technology and brought great convenience to people. 2022 is destined to be a year of rapid development of the Internet. I believe that the Internet in 2022 will have the following new development trends that are worth looking forward to:

The development of the Internet has made our lives more Good news, the new trends in the future will still advance along the line of serving society and the people.

⑨ Blockchain has become a new pyramid scheme, what exactly is blockchain?

Some time ago, a photo of a Chinese aunt appearing at a blockchain conference became popular on the Internet. There was a heated discussion among them, and netizens said: "Aunts have been targeted by the blockchain." In fact, starting from a few years ago, when the concept of blockchain came out, some criminals started to take advantage of it. Conducting MLM activities in the name of blockchain has become one of the latest variants of MLM. In fact, with the development of blockchain, various virtual currencies have emerged as the times require. Most of them are scams. Scammers carry out scams in the name of "virtual currency" and "blockchain". This is mainly to use Investors do not understand virtual currency and blockchain, but they want to catch up with the virtual currency investment boom. This scam seems complicated, but it is actually very simple. However, once you are fooled, it is difficult to recover your investment.

In short, blockchain technology is not actually a scam, but has been used by scammers to take advantage of information asymmetry to deceive investors.