区块链ipfs是什么,区块链ipfsflecoin
区块链IPFS是一种分布式文件存储和共享系统，它使用P2P网络技术来存储和共享数据，通过哈希技术来确保数据的安全性和完整性。它在区块链上构建了一个去中心化的网络，使用户可以存储和共享文件，而无需依赖中心化的服务器。
IPFS的技术基础是一种叫做“哈希索引”的技术，它可以将文件转换成一个唯一的数字签名，这个签名就可以用来标识文件，而不需要知道文件的名称或位置。这样，用户就可以通过简单的哈希查询来找到任何文件，而不需要在中心服务器上搜索。
IPFS的另一个优点是它可以轻松地实现内容可靠性。每个文件都有一个唯一的哈希，这意味着可以检查文件是否被篡改，这样就可以确保文件的完整性和安全性。
另外，IPFS还可以帮助用户实现去中心化的文件共享。由于文件在网络上的分布式存储，用户可以从网络上的任何节点访问文件，而不需要依赖中心化的服务器。这样，用户就可以更容易地访问文件，而不会受到网络延迟或中心服务器的限制。
IPFS拓展——区块链技术区块链技术是一种新型的分布式数据存储技术，它使用一系列分布式节点来存储数据，这些节点通过对网络中的数据进行加密来确保数据的安全性和完整性。区块链技术可以用来解决传统中心化系统中的安全和数据一致性问题。
区块链技术的优点在于它可以极大地提高数据的安全性和可靠性。它可以通过对数据进行加密和分布式存储来确保数据的安全性，并且可以通过对网络中的数据进行校验来确保数据的完整性。此外，区块链技术还可以极大地提高数据的可靠性，因为它可以让用户可以更加安全地存储和共享数据，而无需依赖中心化的服务器。
IPFS拓展——IPFS FilecoinIPFS Filecoin是一种去中心化的存储网络，它使用区块链技术来构建一个去中心化的存储网络，使用户可以存储和共享文件，而无需依赖中心化的服务器。Filecoin使用一种叫做“挖矿”的技术来确保网络的安全性和可靠性，这种技术可以让用户获得激励，从而确保网络的安全性和可靠性。
Filecoin的优点在于它可以极大地提高存储网络的安全性和可靠性。它可以通过挖矿技术来确保网络的安全性，并且可以通过激励机制来保证网络的可靠性。此外，Filecoin还可以极大地提高存储网络的可用性，因为它可以让用户可以更加安全地存储和共享文件，而无需依赖中心化的服务器。
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Ⅰ Three common consensus mechanisms in blockchain
Blockchain is a distributed ledger system built on P2P network and participated by nodes. The biggest feature is " centralization”. That is to say, in the blockchain system, there is no need to establish trust between users, between users and institutions, and between institutions. Transactions can be realized by relying only on the blockchain protocol system.
But how to ensure the accuracy, authority, and reliability of the ledger? Why do nodes on the blockchain network participate in accounting? What should I do if the node is fake? How to prevent the ledger from being tampered with? How to ensure data consistency between nodes? …These are the problems that blockchain needs to solve when establishing “decentralized” transactions, resulting in the consensus mechanism.
The so-called "consensus mechanism" is to complete the verification and confirmation of transactions in a very short time through the voting of special nodes; when there is a disagreement, without central control, several Nodes participate in decision-making to reach consensus, that is, how to establish a trust relationship between individuals who have no basis for trust in each other.
Blockchain technology uses a set of consensus-based mathematical algorithms to establish a "trust" network between machines, thereby creating new credit through technical endorsement rather than centralized credit institutions.
Different blockchain types require different consensus algorithms to ensure that the last block on the blockchain can reflect the status of the entire network at any time.
So far, the blockchain consensus mechanisms mainly include the following: POW workload proof, POS equity proof, DPOS authorized equity proof, Paxos, PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Algorithm), dBFT, DAG ( Directed acyclic graph)
Next, we will mainly talk about the principles and application scenarios of common POW, POS, and DPOS consensus mechanisms
Concept:
Proof of work was originally an economic term, referring to the measurement method set up by the system to achieve a certain goal. A simple understanding is a certificate to confirm that you have done a certain amount of work, and to prove that the corresponding amount of work has been completed by certifying the results of the work.
The proof-of-work mechanism has the advantage of complete decentralization. In a blockchain with a proof-of-work mechanism as the consensus, nodes can enter and exit freely and calculate the numerical solution of the random hash. The ability to compete for accounting rights and obtain correct numerical solutions to generate blocks is a concrete manifestation of node computing power.
Applications:
The most famous application of POW is Bitcoin. In the Bitcoin network, during the generation process of Block, miners need to solve complex problemsIt is a cryptographic mathematical puzzle to find a Block Hash that meets the requirements and consists of N leading zeros. The number of zeros depends on the difficulty value of the network. During this period, a lot of trial calculations (workload) are required, and the calculation time depends on the hashing speed of the machine.
Finding a reasonable hash is a probabilistic event. When a node has n% of the computing power of the entire network, the node has an n/100 probability of finding the Block Hash. After the node successfully finds a satisfactory Hash value, it will immediately broadcast the packaged block to the entire network. The nodes in the network will verify it immediately after receiving the broadcast packaged block.
If the verification passes, it means that a node has successfully solved the puzzle, and it will no longer compete for the current block, but choose to accept the block, record it in its own ledger, and then proceed to the next block. Competitive guessing game of blocks. Only the fastest puzzle-solving block in the network will be added to the ledger, and other nodes will copy it, thus ensuring the uniqueness of the entire ledger.
If a node engages in any cheating behavior, it will cause the network node verification to fail and directly discard its packaged block. This block will not be recorded in the general ledger, and the cost of the cheating node will be It is all in vain. Therefore, under the huge mining cost, miners voluntarily comply with the consensus protocol of the Bitcoin system, thus ensuring the security of the entire system.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: The results can be verified quickly, the system bears a large number of nodes, and the cost of evil is high to ensure the conscious compliance of miners.
Disadvantages: It requires a large amount of algorithm consumption, and it takes a long time to reach consensus
Concept:
Proof of Stake mechanism (Proof of Stake), requirements A certifier provides ownership of a certain amount of cryptocurrency.
The way the proof-of-stake mechanism works is that when a new block is created, the miner needs to create a "coin rights" transaction, which will send some coins to the miners themselves according to a preset ratio. The proof-of-stake mechanism reduces the mining difficulty of nodes in equal proportions based on the proportion and time of tokens owned by each node based on the algorithm, thus speeding up the search for random numbers.
Application:
In 2012, a netizen with the pseudonym Sunny King launched Peercoin, which was the first application of the proof-of-stake mechanism in encrypted electronic currency. The biggest innovation of PPC is that its mining method mixes POW and POS methods, uses a proof-of-work mechanism to issue new coins, and uses a proof-of-stake mechanism to maintain network security.
In order to realize POS, Sunny King drew lessons from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Coinbase and specially designedA special type of transaction called Coinstake.
The picture above shows how Coinstake works. Coin age refers to the holding period of the currency. If you own 10 coins and hold them for 10 days, then you have collected 100 days of coins. age. If you use these 10 coins, the coin age is consumed (destroyed).
Advantages and Disadvantages:
Advantages: Shortens the time required to reach consensus and is more energy-saving than proof of work.
Disadvantages: Essentially, nodes in the network are still required to perform mining operations, and the authenticity of transfers is difficult to guarantee
Concept:
Authorized equity certificate Mechanism (Delegated Proof of Stake) is similar to board voting. This mechanism has a built-in real-time shareholder voting system, just like the system is convening a never-ending shareholders' meeting at any time, where all shareholders vote to decide company decisions.
While trying to solve the problems of traditional PoW and PoS mechanisms, authorized proof of equity can also offset the negative effects of centralization by implementing technological democracy. The decentralization of the blockchain established based on the DPoS mechanism relies on a certain number of representatives rather than all users. In such a blockchain, all nodes vote to elect a certain number of node representatives, who act on behalf of all nodes to confirm blocks and maintain the orderly operation of the system.
At the same time, all nodes in the blockchain have the power to remove and appoint representatives at any time. If necessary, all nodes can vote to disqualify the current node representatives and re-elect new representatives to achieve real-time democracy.
Application:
Bitshare is a type of cryptocurrency that uses the DPOS mechanism. By introducing the concept of witnesses, witnesses can generate blocks, and everyone who holds BitShares can vote for witnesses. Candidates who get the top N (N is usually defined as 101) candidates in the total number of consent votes can be elected as witnesses. The number of elected witnesses (N) must meet: at least half of the participating voters believe that N has been fully decentralized. .
The candidate list of witnesses is updated every maintenance cycle (1 day). The witnesses are then randomly arranged, and each witness has 2 seconds of permission time to generate a block in order. If the witness cannot generate a block in a given time slice, the block generation permission is given to the witness corresponding to the next time slice. . This design of DPoS makes the generation of blocks faster and more energy-saving.
DPOS makes full use of the votes of shareholders to reach consensus in a fair and democratic way. The N witnesses they voted for can be regarded as N mines.Pool, and the rights of these N mining pools are completely equal to each other. Shareholders can change these witnesses (mining pools) at any time by voting, as long as the computing power they provide is unstable, the computer is down, or they try to use their power to do evil.
Advantages and Disadvantages:
Advantages: Reduce the number of nodes participating in verification and accounting, thereby achieving second-level consensus verification
Disadvantages: Centrality Weaker, the security is weaker than POW, and the node agents are artificially selected, and the fairness is lower than POS. At the same time, the entire consensus mechanism still relies on the additional issuance of tokens to maintain the stability of the agent nodes.
Ⅱ Ultra-detailed compilation of blockchain and cryptocurrency industry terms (recommended collection)
Bitcoin Glossary: Every blockchain and cryptocurrency phrase you need to know
p>
Despite the difficulties, blockchain technology has become mainstream. Bitcoin has become a household word, with financial institutions around the world investing in the cryptocurrency or allowing their clients to do so. At the same time, NFT has attracted the participation and appreciation of celebrities from all walks of life.
But despite this, blockchain technology remains very mysterious. Only talented engineers - many of whom were early adopters of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum - can truly understand this, while it can still be difficult for laypeople.
Below is a glossary of blockchain terms you may find useful. (All phrases in alphabetical order)
Airdrop
An airdrop is when a company drops a cryptocurrency or NFT directly into your wallet. Instead of an IPO, the blockchain service will launch tokens and airdrop them to users who have used the service. There are several reasons for this: it could be pure marketing, as the airdrop raises awareness of the tokens people can invest in, or it could provide governance tokens for the DAO.
A recent example: the Ethereum Name Service allows users to change their wallet number to a wallet name (such as CNET.eth). Last December, it launched its own ENS token, airdropping a certain amount to everyone who uses the service. The more people use the Ethereum name service, the more tokens they get airdropped — worth tens of thousands of dollars in some cases.
Altcoin
Any cryptocurrency that is not Bitcoin or Ethereum is called an Altcoin. Sometimes called “shitcoins.”
Binance
The world’s largestCryptocurrency exchanges where people buy and trade cryptocurrencies. It is under investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Internal Revenue Service for tax evasion and money laundering.
Blockchain
Blockchain is a "distributed database". Simply put, it is a decentralized ledger that records information in digital “blocks.” Once a block is mined and added to the chain, it cannot be changed, so the blockchain provides a public record of unchangeable data.
There are many different blockchains with varying degrees of decentralization, efficiency, and security. Many people have their own cryptocurrencies - for example, Ethereum is a cryptocurrency built on the Ethereum blockchain.
Bitcoin
Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency, built on the Bitcoin blockchain. It was created in 2009 by a person or group of people under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Only 21 million pieces can be minted, of which approximately 18.9 million are already in circulation.
Burning
Cryptocurrency is "burned" by sending to a wallet that can only receive but not send. Burning mechanisms are often used to create a deflationary effect: the fewer tokens in circulation, the scarcer the tokens held by investors.
Buy the dip
This refers to buying more of an asset after its price has fallen. For example, if the price drops by $10,000, a Bitcoin holder might “buy the dip.”
Cold Wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to the Internet. These wallets are safer and less susceptible to scams.
Cross-chain
The ability to send data, tokens or assets from one blockchain to another. This is different from “multi-chain” services that are built to work on multiple blockchains.
Cryptography
A form of information encryption in which data can only be decrypted using a key. Blockchains using a proof-of-work protocol rely on solving extremely complex cryptographic puzzles in order to mine and verify new blocks.
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is a token native to the blockchain. Cryptocurrencies are typically minted with each new block mined. For example, everyWhen a new Ethereum block is mined, two Ether coins will be obtained as compensation for the miners.
A cryptocurrency is a token. Their birth is their defining factor: other tokens are created using platforms and applications built on top of the blockchain, while cryptocurrencies are built into the blockchain’s protocol.
Decentralized Applications (Dapps)
Abbreviation for Decentralized Applications.
Dao (DAO)
A decentralized autonomous organization. The DAO is an organization that makes decisions through consensus: all holders of governance tokens receive voting rights in organizational decisions, and the solution with the most votes is the DAO's action plan. Imagine a decentralized investment bank, but instead of fund managers making investment decisions, holders of their governance tokens vote on how to invest the funds in their treasury.
Decentralized exchange
Decentralized exchanges are used to buy and trade cryptocurrencies. Unlike typical exchanges, these exchanges use peer-to-peer trading that bypasses any centralized authority. These include Uniswap and Sushiswap.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
Abbreviation of "decentralized finance". DeFi is any financial instrument that uses blockchain technology to bypass centralized institutions, such as smart contracts or DAOs.
Diamond Hands
A diamond hand is a person who holds financial assets for the long term or during periods of price volatility.
DYOR
Abbreviation for "Do Your Own Research".
Ethereum (ETH)
A cryptocurrency mined on the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum has a market capitalization second only to Bitcoin, but is a more commonly used cryptocurrency. Most altcoins are also built on Ethereum and are therefore pegged to Ethereum. Most NFTs are also built on Ethereum, which is why Ether is the primary token used in NFT transactions.
Ethereum
A blockchain that competes with Bitcoin. It is designed to be developed using BitcoinPeople pioneered blockchain technology and used it for more complex financial instruments such as smart contracts.
Flash loan
Flash loan is a DeFi tool that allows loans to be made without collateral. Flash loans allow you to borrow money to buy an asset, but only if you can buy the asset and repay the interest within the same block. Imagine using a loan to purchase a $1 million house, but the loan will only be approved if you have lined up another buyer who is willing to pay enough for you to repay the loan plus interest.
These loans use smart contract technology.
FUD
Abbreviation for "fear, uncertainty and doubt". This could be legitimate, such as people expressing concerns about the safety or legality or security of a token or NFT project, such as an organized move to encourage people to sell, lowering the price of an asset.
Gas
Gas is the price you pay to use the Ethereum network. Each transaction requires a gas fee, which depends on how overloaded the blockchain is. Prices typically range from $50 to $500 per transaction, but prices can spike when the network is under heavy load.
Governance token
Governance tokens are cryptocurrencies that give their owners voting rights on a given project. See also: DAO.
GWEI
The cost of gas is expressed in GWEI. As a rough guide, when gwei is below 50, gas will be cheap, and when gwei is above 100, gas will be expensive.
HODL
An intentional misspelling of "hold" used to encourage people to hold their coins during price drops.
Layer 1 and Layer 2
If you dabble in cryptocurrency, you will have heard of Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions. Layer 1 is the blockchain architecture itself, while Layer 2 refers to the architecture built on top of the blockchain.
For example, take the high gas cost problem of Ethereum as an example. Layer 1 solutions are to make the Ethereum blockchain more efficient, for example by adopting a proof-of-stake protocol. An example of a Layer 2 solution is Immutible X, an exchange built on Ethereum that uses smart contract technology to allow gas-free, carbon-neutral trading.
Liquid Market
A liquid market is a market with a large number of buyers and sellers, which allows buy and sell orders to be completed almost immediately. Cryptocurrency markets are liquid, NFT markets are not. Most legal cryptocurrencies can be bought and sold at any time, as NFT traders are required to list items for sale in the hope that buyers will purchase them manually.
Mainnet
A blockchain protocol for public use will be put into the mainnet. This distinguishes it from a testnet, which is more like a beta release of a blockchain protocol.
Memecoins
Many cryptocurrencies are designed to provide utility or services. Memecoins offer no practical prospects and exist purely as speculative assets. Dogecoin is the most well-known, but there are many, many more.
MetaMask
A browser-based online digital wallet, mainly used on the Ethereum blockchain transaction.
Mining
Mining is the process of verifying transactions and adding blocks to the blockchain. This usually involves powerful computers solving complex password problems. Crucially, this is also how new cryptocurrencies are added into circulation.
Mining Rig
A powerful computer set up for the specific purpose of mining cryptocurrency.
Mining Farm
A warehouse (or room) of mining equipment that operates around the clock and is used to mine cryptocurrency.
Mint
On the blockchain, minting means verifying information and making it a block on the blockchain.
To "mint" an NFT means to purchase it from its creator during a public sale. The "mint price" is the price at which its creator sells it - for example the "mint price" of Bored Ape Yacht Club is 0.08 Ether. After all NFTs in a collection have been minted, traders who want exposure to the collection need to purchase them from a secondary market like OpenSea.
Multiple chains (Multi-chain)
An application or service designed to work with multiple blockchains. This is different from cross-chain applications and services, which are designed to send data or assets from one blockchain to another.
MOON
A sharp surge in price is called "mooning" or "a moon". "To the moon" is a common phrase.
NFT
Non-fungible token. These are digital contracts that prove ownership of digital assets. Currently, they are associated with art, but NFTs can prove ownership of any number.
Off-Chain/On-chain
On-chain refers to things that exist on the blockchain, and off-chain refers to things that exist on the blockchain something other than something. Cryptocurrencies are on-chain currencies, and fiat currencies are off-chain currencies.
OpenSea
It is the largest NFT marketplace, specializing in Ethereum-based NFTs. (NFTs built on different blockchains are often sold on specialized marketplaces. For example, Solana NFTs are sold on Solanat.)
Play to Earn (P2E)
Play to Earn (P2E) games integrate blockchain and reward players with in-game cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrencies in these games can be exchanged for Bitcoin or Ethereum. The most prominent example is Axie Infinity, where players can earn Smooth Love Potion ($SLP).
Proof of Work
Proof of Work (POW) is a consensus mechanism by which blocks are added to the blockchain. Proof-of-work requires miners to solve complex cryptographic puzzles, which require large amounts of energy from powerful mining equipment, in order to verify new blockchain transactions.
Proof-of-work is a secure and decentralized consensus mechanism, but it is notoriously inefficient. This is how the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains work, although Ethereum will soon move to a more efficient Proof of Stake.
Proof of Stake
p>Faced with the huge energy demand of proof of work, proof of stake (POS) is a newer consensus mechanism that can mine blocks more efficiently. Proof of Stake allows cryptocurrency holders to validate new blocks on the relevant blockchain.
They do this by staking their cryptocurrency. Network users stake their cryptocurrency, and if their stake is selected via a random algorithm, they have the opportunity to validate a new block – for which they are rewarded in the form of more cryptocurrency. The more cryptocurrencies are staked, the greater the chance that users will be selected to validate new blocks.
Proof-of-work rewards those who expend the most computing power to solve cryptographic puzzles, while proof-of-stake rewards those who have invested in the cryptocurrency for the long term.
Pump and dump
Pump and dump schemes involve artificial incentives for a product, causing people to buy it and raising its price. The pump-and-dump coordinators then sell their assets at inflated prices, causing prices to fall sharply.
These exist in traditional markets but are more common in cryptocurrency trading because the low liquidity of micro-cap cryptocurrencies makes their prices easier to manipulate.
Rug pull
A rug pull is when the creator of a cryptocurrency disappears, taking the funds with them. A recent example is the counterfeit Squid Game coins, although these coins are far from rare. “Carpet” is essentially shorthand for “scam.”
Satoshi Nakamoto
A pseudonym for the creator of Bitcoin. The white paper explaining the need for decentralized finance and explaining how Bitcoin works was signed by Satoshi Nakamoto, but no one knows who the real person was. It is speculated that Satoshi Nakamoto was actually several people.
Seed Phrase
When you create a cryptocurrency wallet, you are given a 12-word seed phrase . Every time you log into your wallet on a new device, you will need to use a mnemonic phrase. Never give your mnemonic phrase to anyone.
Sharding
Sharding distributes the network load on the blockchain, allowing more transactions to be processed per second. This sounds boring, but it's very important. Ethereum will integrate sharding next year, which will make using it cheaper and less damaging to the environment.
Shitcoin
Shitcoin is an altcoin that provides no utility, either as a memecoin or as a null altcoin.
Silk Road
Silk Road was an online black market that was shut down by the FBI in 2013. This is where many people are first exposed to cryptocurrency, as Bitcoin is a popular payment method for illegal goods on the site.
Smart contract
A smart contract is a digital contract that executes itself when required conditions are met. For example, if Wallet X sends 0.08 ether to Wallet Y, Wallet Y sends NFT Z to Wallet X. They are most commonly used for automated trading, but can also be used for more complex purposes, such as quick loans.
Stable coin
Stablecoin is a cryptocurrency pegged to the US dollar. These include Tether and USDC. Their purpose is to allow cryptocurrency traders to keep their coins within the crypto ecosystem without experiencing the volatility of Bitcoin and Ethereum price fluctuations.
Staking
Equity staking is to lock the funds held in the cryptocurrency wallet to support the operation of the blockchain network. Essentially, it involves locking up cryptocurrency to earn rewards. In most cases, the process requires users to participate in blockchain activities using a personal crypto wallet.
The concept of equity staking is closely related to the Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism. It is used in many other blockchain systems based on PoS or similar.
TLT
Abbreviation for "think long term".
Token
Tokens are various forms of blockchain assets. A cryptocurrency like Bitcoin is a type of token. Other types include governance tokens , which grant holders voting rights in a DAO or service, or utility tokens , which grant access to services based on the number of tokens held.
TXN
Abbreviation for transaction.
Utility Token
A token designed to provide a certain function. These can be access to applications, services or games. Examples include Filecoin, which grants access to blockchain-based digital storage, and Link, which connects smart contracts for off-chain type data.
Vanity Address
Personalized wallet addresses provided by companies such as Ethereum Name Service. It allows you to change your wallet address to a word or phrase of your choice, such as CNET.eth.
Vaporware
Products that were promised but never actually made it to market. The term became popular in the late 1990s with the original dot-com boom and has seen a revival thanks to shady cryptocurrency creators.
Vitalik Buterin
The creator behind the Ethereum blockchain.
Wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet is a place where you can store cryptocurrencies and NFTs. These wallets can be hot or cold wallets – i.e. browser wallets connected to the internet or physical hardware not connected to the internet. Wallets are read-write, which means they can receive information as well as signatures or online IDs.
Web 3
Web3 is the next iteration of the Internet imagined by blockchain enthusiasts. From the invention of the Internet until around 2005, Web1 was the read-only Internet. Web2 refers to the emergence of users being able to produce content and upload it to the Internet. Web3 will be an Internet integrated with blockchain. Imagine owning your social media posts as NFTs, using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum as a universal currency, and having your wallet as a form of ID rather than an email/password combination.
Whale
A person who holds a large amount of cryptocurrency.
Whitelist
Pre-sale list of cryptocurrencies and NFTs. Whitelisted investors can purchase assets ahead of a public offering, sometimes at a discount.
WAGMI
Abbreviation for "we're all going to make it".
Ⅲ What is blockchain and what is digital currency
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database.
At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information. (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. Digital currency is an unregulated, digital currency that is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking Authority defines virtual currency as: a digital representation of value that is not issued by a central bank or authority and is not linked to a legal currency, but which, because it is accepted by the public, can be used as a means of payment or can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. .
The content of this article comes from: China Law Publishing House's "Complete Knowledge of Legal Life Common Sense Series"
IV What is Blockchain Technology What is the core component of Blockchain Technology
What Is it blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology? What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring that the accounts areThe security of target data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. A characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data
What is the core component of blockchain technology? Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, through the support of network technology, breakthroughs in difficult problems such as point-to-point transactions, decentralization, non-tampering of recorded information, irreversible transactions, and information encryption are achieved through network technology support.
The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more popular with the continuous expansion of applications.Fire, this powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has brought about rapid changes in blockchain technology, making the results achieved by various industries more and more attractive. From professional technology to resources, we are constantly moving towards this The concentration of the industry has brought the development of blockchain technology to a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also attracted much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that blockchain can be regarded as a technical solution for collectively maintaining reliable databases through "decentralization" and "trustlessness". In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China. It has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform, can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
The blockchain technology used by all parties involved in recording and storing information adopts a decentralized distributed structure, which saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has a timestamp that cannot be tampered with. It can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect financial infrastructure such as payment systems, securities settlement systems, and transaction databases; later, the technology will also expand to general financial services, such as credit systems and "anti-money laundering" "wait.
“The payment and settlement system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization, powered by blockchain technology.The electronic ledger supported by technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with, and has a profound impact on payment, clearing, transactions, rights confirmation, etc. "Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of everything deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that the area Blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules and build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will influence Multiple industries
“Blockchain technology has extensive applications in the era of big data. Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet finance field, blockchain technology has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, the health care industry has benefited a lot from blockchain technology. In reality, patients' private information leaks often occur, and the centralized database or file cabinet management of the medical department is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology is also of great legal significance. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
“Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, this technology can be used to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that blockchain technology will be useful in any area of production and life that lacks trust. ”
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This driving force has an impact on society and the promotion of economic activities. It is also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, looking forward to this new technology being used by various industries and better benefiting various industries.
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information in the ledger to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending it to every other node in the entire network, so Blockchain technology is also called distributed ledger.
What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes blockchain core technologyAs follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.
The core of the blockchain is that it stores all information in an independent personal computer network, making it a decentralized and distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or person, but that everyone can use and run the system.
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What is blockchain technology?Blockchain has been hyped up like crazy, but you know nothing about it!
Blockchain is a distributed database system participated by different nodes and an open ledger system.
It consists of a series of data blocks or data packets generated according to cryptographic methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically timestamped, thus Calculate a data encryption value, that is, a hash value (hash).
Blockchain technology is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized account book in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.
IV How to introduce the blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, and what its commercial value will be in the future
There is a real joke, an engineer from Ant Financial, he wrote I submitted a blind date resume, and the job description in it was "code farmer", but no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "blockchain" and received 381 love letters at once.
From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.
1. What is blockchain?
To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big steward to be responsible for "recording""Accounting" (maintaining the system, entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose records are ultimately used as How accurate? Of course it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents recorded by him into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to All other people in the system are backed up.
Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. There is no central steward In this case, everyone is the defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is It is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and there is no point in just modifying one's own results. Who would do such a thankless thing? What? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks, and now any two strangers can complete it directly Transfers with mutual trust improve efficiency more than a little!
3. What is the use of blockchain technology?
As mentioned earlier, the main advantage of blockchain is that it does not require intermediary participation and process It is efficient, transparent and cost-effective, and data is highly secure. In other words, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:
In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof general ledger. In fact, both Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have Experiments have begun, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.
Blockchain also has a lot to offer when it comes to car rentals. A future customer selects the car they want to rent, entering the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs a rental agreement and insurance policies, while blockchain updates simultaneouslynew information. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.
In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.
Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.
In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."
Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.
1. What is blockchain;
2. What are the benefits of blockchain;
3. What are the uses of blockchain;
4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;
Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain
Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.
1. What is a "block"?
You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.
For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, it actually corresponds to a block. This block is a record of what it is.
When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.
This is the first dimension.
To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.
Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. Famous. However, human DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is the blockchain.A benefit.
2. What is a "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.
Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.
Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and tested.
The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.
Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?
1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.
Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.
2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. When you buy this bottle of medicine, you can know where it comes from, but others cannot.
For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.
However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.
Blockchain also has some very interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.
3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.
This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.
The third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain
1. Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin is a kind, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a kind. Of course, you can base it on it. Make another one yourself, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins are fine. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.
2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.
The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?
Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.
3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.
You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will save many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.
Blockchain can also be used for property registration, car registration, etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.
After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.
Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.
The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike in the past with Bitcoin, you had to completely copy its formula and copy it again. Today you are on Ethereum. , it is easy to issue your own currency, just like today on the Android operating system, you can easily make your AppSample.
There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions
1. The transaction delay is very long. I have asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.
2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, a few people in the early days took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one understands it clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.
3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.
Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technologies and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.
Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.
Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.
Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!
Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.
The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.
Today’s Afghanistan may best prove the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage
Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.
Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market
First, what is a blockchain? Block and chain, an accounting method, networkNetwork data storage format.
Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution result data of smart contracts, etc.
Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".
This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain some information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back to the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block has to modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.
Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.
Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network
Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.
How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of equity, who stakes more assets
Pow means that everyone calculates a difficult mathematical problem together, whoever calculates it Whoever comes out has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.
The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.
When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone only recognizes the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.
To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and then connects the transaction blocks one after another and saves them in each node, but an encryption algorithm will be used in the process. Ensure that node information is not leaked and users’The information is encrypted to ensure that the information in the block cannot be broken or tampered with
Second, the current development of blockchain, various projects and significance , at this stage, it is more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.
Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.
For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.
I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.
Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.
For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.
What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.
This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.
In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various signatures and verify them, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights
But with blockchain The network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.
Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.
It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.
There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces
and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we will no longer need it.A large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.
If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.
Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.
The original digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.
Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.
It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.
Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?
This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.
Third, it is essentially a mechanism of trust, a method of value transmission, and an exploration of social governance methods.
What is the essential value of blockchain? The most important thing is that it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.
Mainly in these aspects.
First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.
The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.
You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.
For example, I was able to hit five lightning whips a while agoThat master. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable
Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.
The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.
If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.
You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brain power, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.
The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.
You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.
So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.
To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm. It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure
Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.
The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.
The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.
I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.
VI What exactly is blockchain
What exactly is blockchain? In essence, blockchain is a distributed, decentralized network database system that will make the storage, update, maintenance, and operation of data different. Blockchain has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.
Then let’s talk about how blockchain is different from traditional data processing to help everyone understand what blockchain is and give everyone a general understanding of blockchain. cognition.
1. Data storage in blockchain: block chain data structure
In terms of data storage, blockchain technology utilizes "block chain data structure" To verify and store data.
What does the blockchain structure mean? Everyone has seen an iron chain, with one link within another. In fact, each link can be regarded as a block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain.
How does this so-called "iron chain" store data? To put it simply, the difference between blockchain and ordinary stored data is that on blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.
Take reading as an example: when we read a book, we finish page 1, then page 2, page 3...
What about in the blockchain? If each block is marked with a page number, then the content on page 2 contains the content on page 1, the content on page 3 contains the content on page 1 and page 2...Page 10 contains The content of the first 9 pages is such a chain nested layer by layer. In this way, the most original data can be traced back. This is the traceability of the blockchain.
The "blockchain data structure" of blockchain makes it traceable, which is naturally suitable for many fields, such as: food traceability, drug traceability, etc. In this way, the probability of tainted milk powder, fake vaccines, and fake and substandard food incidents will be greatly reduced, because once a problem occurs, through traceability, we can clearly know which link caused the problem, and accountability and recovery will be clearer.
2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm
In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node consensus algorithm" to Generate and update data.
Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), an algorithm needs to be used to obtain the approval of more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is a vote, and it can be generated if more than half of the people agree, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.
Why do you say that? Let’s make an analogy: we compare the blockchain to a ledger, because it records data. In the traditional world, the bookkeeping power lies with the bookkeeper, and the ledger belongs to the bookkeeper alone. So in the blockchain, everyone owns this account book. If you want to update the account, you must vote. Only if more than half of the people agree can you update the account data.
In this process, we will involve several terms: distributed, node, consensus algorithm. These terms are actually very easy to understand:
Everyone Accounting (that is, everyone has a ledger, and the ledger is scattered in everyone's hands) is the so-called "distributed";
The accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and unanimously agrees on is The so-called "consensus algorithm";
Every person participating in accounting is a so-called "node".
3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography
In the data maintenance stage, the difference of blockchain is that it uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access.
The cryptographic principles applied in the blockchain mainly include: hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, and Base58. These principles actually ensure data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.
4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts
A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is executed with code A set of transaction rules, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn this function on, you don't have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it expires.
The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.
Many of us have encountered the situation of being borrowed money: a friend who is short of money borrows 2,000 yuan from you and promises to pay back the money after the salary is paid next month, but next month he finds other excuses. Also, dragging it around would be pointless. We didn't have much money, but we were still friends. Even though you were depressed, let it go.
Then, after having a smart contract, he cannot default on his debt, because in the smart contract, once the terms in the contract are triggered, the code will automatically execute, whether he wants it or not, as long as he sends Once you have earned your salary and have money in your account, he has to pay you back.
To summarize the contents of this section, there are four indispensable core technologies in the blockchain, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.
We can understand it this way: distributed storage corresponds to the data storage stage, and the consensus mechanism corresponds to the dataIn this stage of processing and updating, cryptography corresponds to data security, and smart contracts correspond to data operation issues.
VII What is the difference between regional chain and blockchain?
Blockchain is not a single individual, but connects many block structures together to form a chain structure. Each block is then connected to form a specific collection or area. So there is actually no difference between blockchain and regional chain. The term regional chain is actually another expression of blockchain. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, it has been running very stably for many years without any problems. Therefore, some people noticed its underlying technology and extracted the technology abstractly, calling it Blockchain technology, or distributed ledger technology. When we search for regional chains, we will automatically jump to the search results page of blockchain, so we can list blockchain and blockchain as synonyms.
Extended information
1. What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
Blockchain is a very important technology. Huobi.com cooperates with the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance , the "2014-2016 Global Development Research Report" released by Sina Technology mentioned that blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure. Essentially a decentralized database. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-forgeable. Ledger.
Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
Blockchain _ The original blockchain is a decentralized database that contains a list called blocks, with continuously growing and neatly arranged records. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to the previous block: Blockchains are designed so that data is immutable—once recorded, the data in a block is irreversible.
The design of blockchain is a protection measure, such as (applied to) highly fault-tolerant distributed computing systems. Blockchain makes hybrid consistency possible. This makes blockchain suitable for recording events, titles, medical records and other activities that require data collection, identity management, transaction process management and provenance management. Blockchain for financial disintermediationIt has huge potential and has a huge impact on leading global trade.
2. What is a regional chain?
The two words "region chain" and "blockchain" are different in only one word. Do they have the same meaning? Let's take a look at the meaning of the two words block and domain. A block can be understood as a part of the whole, and a domain refers to a specific area or a specific whole.
Blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.
Broadly understood, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. A new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data.
Ⅷ What exactly is blockchain? Which blockchains have physical applications
What is blockchain?
Official definition: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission consensus mechanism encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Vernacular understanding: A block is to package all the data generated within a time period in chronological order. Generally, the length of a block is 10 minutes, which means that within 10 minutes, all the data on the Internet will The data is packed into a complete package, and this complete data package is called a block. The blockchain links these data packages in order to form a structure, and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged to form a distribution. ledger, this is the blockchain.
It seems that everyone has a preliminary knowledge and understanding of the blockchain. So whether the blockchain has any practical application in daily life, the answer is yes, the current practical application There are mainly the following aspects. Of course, I may not know some of them. Friends are welcome to leave messages to add.
Financial Industry
Blockchain should be used the most in the financial industry.
For example, in May 2017, OMG (Omise Coin) announced that it would cooperate with Alipay to launch an electronic wallet, integrating the "Alipay" payment solution into its own payment service suite to help local electronics in Thailand. Business merchants accept online payment transactions from Chinese tourists.
Another example is PPT, which is a financial transaction system for bills based on blockchain.
Gaming
The gambling industry entered the blockchain probably last year. Why does gambling favor blockchain? Because blockchain provides a relatively fair betting system. Why? It is relatively fair. As can be seen from the previous introduction, the blockchain cannot be tampered with or forged.
For example, WICC (WikiChain) can realize asset issuance and betting applications., copyright traceability, mutual insurance, decentralized exchanges, cross-border settlement and other rich application scenarios.
For example, the STX (King of Fighters Token) stox application is designed to provide the full functionality of a prediction market application without the need for any central server. Prediction markets require functions such as event planning, market production, providing information and analysis to traders, reporting event results, and of course collection and payment.
I believe that if the current lottery industry is built on the blockchain, people will become more and more enthusiastic about buying, because there are too many insider tips that make people give up.
Internet of Things
The Internet of Things still has many applications on the blockchain, because the traceability and immediacy of blocks are very suitable for this industry.
For example, DATA is the concept of the Internet of Things. It is a decentralized p2p network. Data sources can connect to any node in the entire network, then publish data, and the network will immediately send it to subscribers. Horizontal scalability is achieved through sharding pattern. This timeliness and accuracy are very important in IoT applications.
Game industry
For example, GTC (G coin) is a decentralized digital asset based on Ethereum erc20 issued by Game Global. G coin is committed to becoming a universal number in the global game industry. Monetary standards.
For example, MANA is a distributed shared virtual platform. On this platform, users can browse and discover content and interact with other people and entities. Users can also claim ownership of virtual territories through a blockchain-based land ledger. The territory is demarcated by rectangular coordinates (x, y), and its owner can decide the content published on the territory, including static 3D scenes to interactive systems such as games.
There are many other industries. The emperor did not list them one by one, but listed a few representative ones. What is the purpose? It shows that the blockchain is definitely not just a currency transaction, it is a real implementation project, and it is a product of the changes of the times with real practical uses.
The development of human society is actually like the blockchain, it is irreversible and unstoppable. As far as I feel, the blockchain will enter thousands of households sooner or later. Regardless of whether it is bull or bear, hold it in your hands. Value coins and Flush have started quoting digital currencies, which shows that society is accepting it step by step. The power of social development cannot be blocked by any country or person.
Ⅸ What is blockchain
What is blockchain? What changes will it bring to your future life?
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. The generated data blocks, each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, are used toVerify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
In fact, the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper does not appear in the word blockchain, but uses chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper, chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.
The Cyberspace Administration of China issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations" on January 10, 2019, which will come into effect on February 15, 2019.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.
So in conclusion, this is undoubtedly a new technology that changes life. In the future, the production activities of the entire society will be carried out with blockchain as the underlying logic. Many things We all have it at our fingertips, and with the integration of artificial intelligence and big data, we can easily handle things that may seem cumbersome now, such as some securities market transactions and intelligent matching of financial management activities.
To put it simply, blockchain is a network computing center that integrates people, property, machines, and goods, and packages them into a whole; putting it on an infrastructure to run.
