如何防范区块链金融陷阱的发生,如何防范区块链金融陷阱问题

当今，区块链技术正在快速发展，可以用于金融服务，但也存在一定的风险。这些风险可以分为两类：一类是技术风险，另一类是金融风险。由于区块链技术的复杂性，它可能会受到网络攻击，或者出现技术问题，造成金融损失。另一方面，金融风险是指金融市场的波动，或者是由于金融机构的操作不当而造成的损失。

为了防止区块链金融陷阱的发生，首先，我们应该加强技术安全。应当建立完善的网络安全体系，严格控制网络访问权限，防止恶意攻击，并定期进行安全检查，以确保网络安全。其次，应当加强金融监管，建立完善的风险管理制度，并严格执行，以确保金融机构的合规操作。此外，还应当加强教育和宣传，加强投资者的风险意识，让投资者能够更好地了解区块链技术，以及投资风险，从而做出更明智的投资决定。

总之，防止区块链金融陷阱的发生，需要技术安全、金融监管和教育宣传相结合。技术安全是确保网络安全的关键；金融监管是确保金融机构合规操作的前提；教育宣传是提高投资者风险意识的重要手段。只有通过这三个方面的综合努力，才能有效防止区块链金融陷阱的发生。

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㈠ How to identify and prevent online financial "blockchain, virtual currency" fraud and MLM schemes

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than a thousand MLM platforms in my country that use the blockchain concept . It can be said that from the "highbrow" to "the mud and sand", this kind of "old wine in a new pot" online fraud MLM has been enduring for a long time and is thought-provoking.

To sum up, these blockchain frauds are nothing more than these two common methods:

One is to "sell dog meat under the false pretenses" and conduct pyramid schemes in the name of "virtual currency" The truth. For example, for the FT coin on the Fcoin exchange, investors feel that this trading dividend model can be maintained. However, once no new people enter the market to buy it, it will be enough to cause it to collapse.

The other is the so-called "export to domestic sales". For example, in the "OneCoin" case involving a total amount of 1.6 billion yuan, the organization's MLM website and marketing model were established by a Bulgarian organization, and the server was located in Denmark. After my country banned ICOs and closed domestic virtual currency exchanges in accordance with the law, fraud organizations continued to defraud under the slogan of "export to domestic sales".

㈡ Three associations advocate preventing NFT-related financial risks

In recent years, my country's NFT market has continued to heat up. As an innovative application of blockchain technology, NFT has shown certain potential value in enriching digital economic models and promoting the development of cultural and creative industries. However, it also has hidden risks such as speculation, money laundering, and illegal financial activities.

In this regard, the three associations advocated adhering to the bottom line of behavior and preventing financial risks. The first is not to include financial assets such as securities, insurance, credit, precious metals, etc. in the underlying commodities of NFT, and to issue and trade financial products in disguise; the second is not to weaken the non-homogeneous characteristics of NFT by dividing ownership or batch creation, and to carry out token issuance and financing in disguise (ICO); third, do not provide centralized trading, continuous listing trading, standardized contract trading and other services for NFT transactions, and set up trading venues in disguised violations; fourth, do not use virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, etc. as NFT issuance transactions. Pricing and settlement tools; fifth, conduct real-name authentication of issuance, sales, and purchase entities, properly preserve customer identity information and issuance transaction records, and actively cooperate with anti-money laundering work; sixth, do not invest directly or indirectly in NFT, and do not provide financing support for investment in NFT .

At the same time, the three associations also advocated the rational selection of application scenarios, standardized application of blockchain technology, and the positive role of NFT in promoting industry digitization and digital industrialization; ensuring that the value of NFT products is fully supported , guide consumers to consume rationally and prevent inflated prices from deviating from the basic laws of value; protect the intellectual property rights of underlying commodities and support genuine digital cultural works; truly, accurately and completely disclose NFT product information to protect consumers’ right to know and choose , the right to fair trade.

Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Merchants United Finance, suggested that investors should fully understand the value and risks of NFT and not participate in NFT.FT illegal speculation and trading. It is difficult for ordinary investors to fully understand virtual currencies, ICOs, NFTs, etc. It is recommended not to invest blindly and should consciously resist all kinds of temptations to protect the safety of their own property.

㈢Security rules of blockchain

Security rules of blockchain, the first rule:
Storage is everything
A person’s property ownership and security , fundamentally depends on how the property is stored and how it is defined. In the Internet world, massive user data is stored on the platform's servers. Therefore, the ownership of this data is still a mystery. Just like who owns your and my social IDs, it is difficult to determine, but user data assets have pushed up The market value of the platform, but as a user, does not enjoy the market value dividend. The blockchain world has led to changes in storage media and methods, allowing the ownership of assets to be delivered to individuals.
Extended information
The risks faced by the blockchain system are not only attacks from external entities, but also attacks from internal participants, as well as component failures, such as software failures. Therefore, before implementation, it is necessary to develop a risk model and identify special security requirements to ensure an accurate grasp of risks and response plans.
1. Security features unique to blockchain technology
● (1) Security of written data
Under the action of the consensus mechanism, only when most nodes (or multiple key nodes) in the entire network When everyone agrees that the record is correct at the same time, the authenticity of the record can be recognized by the entire network, and the record data is allowed to be written into the block.
● (2) Security of reading data
Blockchain does not have inherent security restrictions on information reading, but it can control information reading to a certain extent, such as encrypting certain elements on the blockchain, The key is then handed over to the relevant participants. At the same time, the complex consensus protocol ensures that everyone in the system sees the same ledger, which is an important means to prevent double payments.
● (3) Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)
Attack Resistance Blockchain’s distributed architecture gives it point-to-point, multi-redundant characteristics, and there is no single point of failure, so it is more resistant to denial of service attacks. The method is much more flexible than a centralized system. Even if one node fails, other nodes are not affected, and users connected to the failed node cannot connect to the system unless there is a mechanism to support them to connect to other nodes.
2. Security challenges and response strategies faced by blockchain technology
● (1) The network is open and undefended
For public chain networks, all data is transmitted on the public network, and all nodes joining the network You can connect to other nodes and accept connections from other nodes without any obstacles. There is no authentication or other protection at the network layer. The response to this type of risk is to require greater privacy and carefully control network connections. For industries with higher security, such as the financial industry, it is advisable to use dedicated lines to access the blockchain network, authenticate the accessed connections, exclude unauthorized node access to avoid data leakage, and pass the protocol stack level firewall safety protection, preventStop cyber attacks.
● (2) Privacy
Transaction data on the public chain are visible to the entire network, and the public can track these transactions. Anyone can draw conclusions about something by observing the blockchain, which is not conducive to the legal privacy of individuals or institutions. Protect. The response strategies for this type of risk are:
First, the certification agency acts as an agent for users to conduct transactions on the blockchain, and user information and personal behaviors do not enter the blockchain.
Second, instead of using a network-wide broadcast method, the transmission of transaction data is limited to nodes that are conducting relevant transactions.
Third, access to user data is controlled by permissions, so only visitors holding the key can decrypt and access the data.
Fourth, use privacy protection algorithms such as "zero-knowledge proof" to avoid privacy exposure.
● (3) Computing power
Blockchain solutions using proof-of-work are faced with the problem of 51% computing power attack. With the gradual concentration of computing power, it is objectively possible that organizations that control more than 50% of the computing power will emerge. Without improvement, it cannot be ruled out that it will gradually evolve into the law of the jungle where the jungle is the law of the jungle. The response strategy for this type of risk is to use a combination of algorithms and realistic constraints, such as joint management and control using asset mortgages, legal and regulatory means, etc.

㈣ Why many people fall into virtual currency scams and how to save them

Why do many people fall into virtual currency scams? How to save them?

The models of virtual currency MLM cases mainly include exchange model, wallet model, false reporting "blockchain" model, blockchain model, mining machine rental model, cloud mining machine model, quantitative robot model, short video model, There are 10 typical situations such as the DAPP model of the drainage matrix and the concept model of the chain game metaverse. Compared with traditional financial derivatives, the virtual currency market is not yet mature enough. Foreign exchange speculation is strong, hot spots are strong, and uncertainty is high, resulting in frequent occurrences of price manipulation, false transactions on Taobao, and platform runaways. In response to the market chaos of virtual currencies, tighter control is the general trend, which requires the cooperation of multiple parties to reduce risks. From an investor's point of view, the long-term solution is to improve one's awareness of risks and not participate or be gullible.

㈤ How to prevent illegal fund-raising in the name of "blockchain"

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, Central Cyberspace Administration of China, Ministry of Public Security, People's Bank of China, market supervision Tips from the General Administration:

2. It is highly deceptive, tempting and concealable. They use hot concepts to create hype and fabricate numerous "high-level" theories. Some even use celebrity V's "platform" propaganda, and use airdrops of "candy" as temptations, claiming that "currency values ​​only rise but not fall" and "the investment cycle is short. "High returns, low risks", which is highly deceptive. In actual operations, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of so-called virtual currencies behind the scenes and setting profit and withdrawal thresholds. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens under innovative names such as ICO, IFO, and IEO.Or use the IMO method to speculate on virtual currencies under the banner of the sharing economy, which is highly concealed and confusing.

3. There are various illegal risks. Through publicity, criminals use "static returns" (profits from currency appreciation) and "dynamic returns" (profits from offline development) as bait to attract the public to invest funds, and induce investors and development personnel to join in, constantly expanding the capital pool. , with characteristics of illegal fund-raising, pyramid schemes, fraud and other illegal activities.

Such activities use "financial innovation" as a gimmick, but are essentially a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing new and repaying old", making it difficult to maintain long-term capital operations. The general public is requested to view the blockchain rationally, do not blindly believe in promises made by the public, establish correct currency concepts and investment concepts, and effectively improve risk awareness; they can actively report to relevant departments any clues about illegal crimes discovered.

Source: China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission

㈥ How to ensure the safety of using blockchain

Blockchain itself solves the problem between strangers Large-scale collaboration problems, where strangers can collaborate with each other without trusting each other. So how to ensure trust between strangers to achieve each other's consensus mechanism? The centralized system uses credible third-party endorsements, such as banks. Banks are regarded as reliable and trustworthy institutions by ordinary people. People can trust banks and let banks resolve real-life disputes. But how does a decentralized blockchain ensure trust?
In fact, blockchain uses the basic principles of modern cryptography to ensure its security mechanism. The knowledge system involved in the field of cryptography and security is very complicated. I will only introduce the basic knowledge of cryptography related to blockchain, including Hash algorithm, encryption algorithm, information digest and digital signature, zero-knowledge proof, quantum cryptography, etc. You can use this lesson to understand how the blockchain using cryptography technology can ensure its confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation.
Lesson 7 of the basic course: Basic knowledge of blockchain security
1. Hash algorithm (Hash algorithm)
Hash function (Hash), also known as hash function. Hash function: Hash (original information) = digest information. The hash function can map a binary plaintext string of any length into a shorter (usually fixed-length) binary string (Hash value).
A good hash algorithm has the following 4 characteristics:
1. One-to-one correspondence: The same plaintext input and hash algorithm can always get the same summary information output.
2. Input sensitivity: Even if there is any slight change in the plain text input, the newly generated summary information will change greatly, which is hugely different from the original output.
3. Easy to verify: both the plaintext input and the hash algorithm are public, and anyone can calculate by themselves whether the output hash value is correct.
4. Irreversible: If there is only the output hash value, it is absolutely impossible to deduce the plaintext from the hash algorithm.
5. Conflict avoidance: It is difficult to find two plaintexts with different contents, but their hash values ​​are consistent (collision occurs).
Example:
Hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 100,000, with a loan period of 6 months) = 123456789012
A record of 123456789012 is recorded in the ledger.
It can be seen that the hash function has 4 functions:
Simplifying information
It is easy to understand, and the hashed information becomes shorter.
Identification information
You can use 123456789012 to identify the original information, and the summary information is also called the id of the original information.
Concealed information
The ledger contains a record such as 123456789012, and the original information is concealed.
Verification information
If Li Si deceives when repaying the loan, Zhang San only lent Li Si 50,000, both parties can use the hash value and the previously recorded hash value 123456789012 to verify the original information
Hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 50,000, with a loan period of 6 months) = 987654321098
987654321098 is completely different from 123456789012, which proves that Li Si lied, successfully ensuring that the information cannot be tampered with .
Common Hash algorithms include MD4, MD5, and SHA series algorithms. Nowadays, the SHA series algorithms are basically used in mainstream fields. SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) is not an algorithm, but a set of hash algorithms. It was originally the SHA-1 series. Now the mainstream applications are SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 algorithms (commonly known as SHA-2). Recently, SHA-3 related algorithms have also been proposed, such as those used by Ethereum. KECCAK-256 belongs to this algorithm.
MD5 is a very classic Hash algorithm, but unfortunately both it and the SHA-1 algorithm have been cracked, and are considered by the industry to be not secure enough to be used in commercial scenarios. It is generally recommended to use at least SHA2-256 or higher. Safe algorithm.
Hash algorithms are widely used in blockchains. For example, in a block, the next block will contain the hash value of the previous block, and the content of the next block + the hash value of the previous block The hash values ​​are used together to calculate the hash value of the next block, ensuring the continuity and non-tamperability of the chain.
2. Encryption and Decryption Algorithms
Encryption and decryption algorithms are the core technology of cryptography. They can be divided into two basic types in terms of design concepts: symmetric encryption algorithms and asymmetric encryption algorithms. They are distinguished according to whether the keys used in the encryption and decryption processes are the same. The two modes are suitable for different needs and form a complementary relationship. Sometimes they can also be used in combination to form a hybrid encryption mechanism.
Symmetric encryption algorithm (symmetriC cryptography, also known as public key encryption, common-key cryptography), the keys for encryption and decryption are the same. Its advantages are high computational efficiency and high encryption strength; its disadvantage is that the key needs to be shared in advance, and the lost password can easily be leaked. key. Common algorithms include DES, 3DES, AES, etc.
Asymmetric encryption algorithm (asymmetric cryptography, also known as public-key cryptography) is different from the encryption and decryption keys. Its advantage is that it does not need to share the key in advance; its disadvantage is that the calculation efficiency is low. Only short content can be encrypted. Common algorithms include RSA, SM2, ElGamal and elliptic curve series algorithms. Symmetric encryption algorithm is suitable for the encryption and decryption process of large amounts of data; it cannot be used in signature scenarios: and the key often needs to be distributed in advance. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are generally suitable for signature scenarios or key negotiation, but are not suitable for encryption and decryption of large amounts of data.
3. Information Digest and Digital Signature
As the name suggests, information digest is to perform a Hash operation on the information content to obtain a unique summary value to replace the original complete information content. Information summary is the most important use of the Hash algorithm. Utilizing the anti-collision characteristics of the Hash function, information summary can solve the problem that the content has not been tampered with.
Digital signatures are similar to signing on paper contracts to confirm contract content and prove identity. Digital signatures are based on asymmetric encryption and can be used to prove the integrity of a certain digital content and at the same time confirm the source (or non-repudiation) .
We have two property requirements for digital signatures that make them consistent with what we expect from handwritten signatures. First, only you can make your signature, but anyone who sees it can verify its validity; second, we want the signature to be relevant only to a specific file and not to other files. These can all be used to achieve digital signatures through our asymmetric encryption algorithm above.
In practice, we generally sign the hash value of the information rather than the information itself. This is determined by the efficiency of the asymmetric encryption algorithm. Corresponding to the blockchain, the hash pointer is signed. If this method is used, the previous one is the entire structure, not just the hash pointer itself.
4. Zero Knowledge proof
Zero knowledge proof means that the prover makes the verifier believe that a certain assertion is correct without providing any additional information to the verifier.
Zero-knowledge proofs generally meet three conditions:
1. Completeness: a true proof can allow the verifier to successfully verify;
2. Reliability (Soundness): a false proof It is impossible for the verifier to pass the verification;
3. Zero-Knowledge): If it is proved, no information other than the proof information can be learned from the proof process.
5. Quantum cryptography
As the research on quantum computing and quantum communication receives more and more attention, quantum cryptography will have a huge impact on cryptographic information security in the future.
The core principle of quantum computing is to use qubits to be in multiple coherent superposition states at the same time. In theory, a large amount of information can be expressed through a small number of qubits and processed at the same time, greatly increasing the calculation speed.
In this case, a large number of current encryption algorithms are theoretically unreliable and can be cracked, which makes the encryption algorithms have to be upgraded, otherwise they will be broken by quantum computing.
As we all know, quantum computing is still in the theoretical stage and is still far away from large-scale commercial use. However, the new generation of encryption algorithms must take into account the possibility of this situation.