区块链顶会,diao区块链

近日，区块链顶会在北京召开，来自行业的专家学者齐聚一堂，共同探讨区块链技术在当前发展现状及未来发展方向。

会上，与会者一致认为，区块链技术已经成为当今科技发展的重要组成部分，它将深刻地改变社会经济发展的格局。

区块链技术的发展，为企业转型升级提供了新的思路，它可以帮助企业更好地实现数字化转型，提升企业的效率和精细化管理。

此外，区块链技术也可以改变传统金融服务模式，实现更加便捷的金融服务，提高金融服务的效率。

随着区块链技术的发展，它将在更多领域得到应用，如数字货币、智能合约、数据共享等，将大大改变我们的生活方式。

总之，区块链技术的发展将为我们带来更多的变革，让我们拭目以待！

请查看相关英文文档

㈠ What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, it is essentially a disintermediation The database, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information ( Anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-transformable. Fake distributed ledger.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

(1) Extended reading on the blockchain:

The evolution method of the blockchain is:

▪ Block Chain 1.0 - digital currency;

▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts;

▪ Blockchain 3.0 - the implementation of distributed applications in various industries.

Blockchain characteristics:

1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system. The rights and obligations of any node are equal. The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system.

2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the encryption of private information of all parties to the transaction, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the entire system information is highly transparent. .

3. Autonomy. The blockchain adopts consensus-based norms and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, changing trust in "people" to trust in "people". Machine trust, any human intervention has no effect.

4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid, so the data in the blockchain is stable. Extremely high performance and reliability.

5.Anonymity. Since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction is trustless (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the transactionThe opponent does not need to disclose his identity to make the other party trust him, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit.

㈡ What exactly is blockchain and what are its uses

Recently, the word "blockchain" has appeared very frequently on the Internet. The word "blockchain" is very interesting. So what is "blockchain", how to explain "blockchain", and what kind of chain is "blockchain"?

If we want to know what “blockchain” is, we must first start with Satoshi Nakamoto.

In November 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research report on a secret cryptography review group, describing his new idea for electronic currency-Satoshi Nakamoto proposed : "I believe there is a currency that doesn't rely on credit, and I can't stop myself from thinking about it." Bitcoin was born.

Although we still don’t know who Satoshi Nakamoto is, we all know the famous Bitcoin and the recently popular word “blockchain”.

In professional terms, blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc.

In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper [2], the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper [3], chain of blocks was translated into blockchain.

What does it mean in human terms? In layman's terms, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.

Decentralization means removing the original data center.

Here is an example of decentralization: Alibaba’s servers support Alibaba’s daily data operations, including the Double Eleven that just passed. We were able to smoothly carry out flash sales of goods at zero o’clock. Largely thanks to the support of Alibaba servers.

All data generated by Alibaba’s daily activities are recorded on the server. So what will happen if Alibaba’s server encounters an accident? (For example, Alibaba's server was hit by a meteorite, causing the server to be damaged)

After the server is paralyzed, Alibaba's data will naturally be unable to be restored in time, which will result in Alibaba being unable to maintain daily operations in the short term. operations.

However, after adopting blockchain technology, a piece of data generated by Alibaba due to daily business will not only be recorded on Alibaba’s servers, but also on various servers around the world such as the Internet and Google. , so that even if Alibaba's servers encounter an accident, it will still not affect Alibaba's operation, and the data generated by Alibaba's daily activities will still be recorded in various places around the world.On the server, this is the advantage and benefit brought by blockchain technology.

In other words, Ali's data was only recorded in Ali's server, and Ali's server was the center. Now every server in the world is synchronously recording the business that Ali has done, and Ali's server is the center. It is no longer the only center, this step achieves decentralization. The behavior of servers around the world recording Alibaba data simultaneously is called distributed accounting.

Now that we know what blockchain means, what kind of boundaries can blockchain bring to our lives? What fields may blockchain be used in in the future?

1. Blockchain technology is applied in the medical and health field. For example, Xiao Zhang’s family has a history of hereditary red-green color blindness. Xiao Zhang once went to Hospital A and had his red-green color blindness checked. Now Xiao Zhang is in City B and went to Hospital B for treatment. Now Hospital B can directly treat him in his own hospital. Xiao Zhang’s previous medical treatment status was found in the database, so Hospital B no longer needs to conduct repeated examinations on Xiao Zhang. This greatly saves medical resources for the hospital and saves medical expenses for repeated examinations for Xiao Zhang.

2. Blockchain technology is applied in the field of food safety. Nowadays, everyone is paying attention to food safety, and blockchain technology is applied to the field of food safety to carry out food traceability. First, we can label each vegetable and fruit with its own label, and then record the growth, maturity, pests and diseases of the vegetables and fruits in this label. The data in this tag can be simultaneously recorded in various data centers around the world through blockchain technology.

On the one hand, when people buy vegetables, they can directly check the growth status of the vegetables. On the other hand, when our country imports and exports vegetables, we can directly check the status of the imported and exported products. No more quarantine required.

㈢ Explain blockchain in vernacular

img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 ' /

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) BlockchainIt is a distributed database

First of all, it is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

is mainly used for information encryption and authentication.In fact, there are two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related questions and answers: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. BlockchainWith the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said I understand, let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead accounts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of blockchain is "decentralization"

"The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because of the accounting There are many nodes, and it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others to default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial transactions with him in the future? ?”

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was really worried about the credit issue.Forehead. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I felt a little sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts, but through the Internet It was completed by networking with the computer."

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then everyone in the village knows what others bought from me, so who would buy anything from me? It's really a bit weird. There is no privacy. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep delaying it?”

“Okay, Gazi, you are on to the point of asking this question.” It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and is still very smart in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a string of numbers and English, and each account has a timestamp to record the time it occurred. , can't be relied on."

Gazi had another question: "Could it be that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then it will be unclear what to say? ?”

“Gazi, that’s all you have to be careful about, haha.” I understood Gazi’s concerns and continued to explain: “The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Yes. There is a degree of closeness and distance between people, and it is impossible for everyone to prefer one person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers in the entire network would need to recalculate. This project is so huge that it is almost impossible to complete?? ”

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood what is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and Characteristics that are not easily tampered with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, as if he was digesting the example I just gave him, and I don’t know how much he can understand it. Not long after, he sent me another voice message on WeChat: "What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid for them, I had to go through Jack Ma's house. If there is a blockchain, can it be done directly?" When trading with sellers, bookkeeping is very safe anyway."

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood as you understand it. "." I am very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then what is Bitcoin? What does it have to do with the blockchain?" Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue explaining the story of the canteen to Gazi: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to bring something to visit during the holidays? Yes, this is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards."

"Then what are the rewards based on? There must be a rule, right?" Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and made a note for you first.Then other people know about it and start keeping accounts, then Li Si can get a little red flower as a reward~ This little red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so there is no need for you to pay for this little red flower. Spend to cover any costs??"

"Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, and coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, their prices are always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is “blockchain project investment” Is it reliable? "When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now the so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

As of now, there are only three types of blockchain investments. Situation: Mining, currency speculation, so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining means mining by purchasing mining machines, etc. Equipment, mine virtual currency, and then sell it for cash to get returns. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as Investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously only a very small number of investors who understand technology can play successfully. I My childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t play with it.

As for “coin speculation”, I just introduced Bitcoin and Bitcoin in the previous sectionThere are some differences in stocks. Although in principle they all perform the operation of "buy low and sell high", they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currency is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly called Gazi and conducted the above analysis carefully??

㈣ How to interpret the blockchain in the simplest way

Everyone has been thinking about it every day recently If you can hear the word blockchain, what is blockchain? Explanations such as "distributed, difficult to tamper, and consistent storage" are too technical and dry. Let me give you some popular science here: Blockchain is mainly designed to solve the trust problem between individuals who do not trust each other.

To give a popular example: It is said that Lao Li and Lao Wang live in the same village. Lao Li is a little short of money recently and wants to borrow some money from Lao Wang. As for Lao Wang, he was worried about what would happen if he defaulted on the loan after borrowing money from Lao Li, so he called in the "highly respected" village chief. But thinking about it, the village chief couldn't be trusted either. The village chief had even stolen other people's sweet potatoes in the past! what to do?

The blockchain method is: After Lao Wang borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li, he then used a loudspeaker to shout in the village, "I, Lao Wang, borrowed 1,000 yuan from Lao Li today. Everyone Write it down quickly." So everyone in the village recorded it in their own account books and kept it carefully.stand up. This is good, Lao Li can't rely on him anymore. Even if there are dishonest people in the village, there are still many good people. Lao Li can't find everyone in the village to secretly erase his loan records. In this way, the blockchain solved the trust problem of borrowing money between Lao Wang and Lao Li, who did not trust each other.

Before the emergence of blockchain, how did we solve the problem of trust between individuals who did not trust each other? It's simple, just find a "witness" who is "highly respected" and trusted by both parties, such as the village chief in the story, such as Alipay between the buyer and seller, such as the notary office, etc. However, it is possible that such "witnesses" may not always be honest, so the blockchain simply allows everyone to act as a witness.

Lao Wang is relieved, but Lao Li has a headache! Lao Li has to wait until everyone in the village has recorded the money before he can get the money lent to him. There is no uncle or aunt in the family who is slower. Therefore, there is still a certain distance between blockchain and application, and efficiency issues need to be significantly improved.

Recall how you usually trade with others: you can choose a beautiful dress in a physical store, confirm that the other party’s clothes are of good quality, and the other party confirms that your money is real money. , then we will pay and receive the goods face to face.

What if we are thousands of miles apart and neither know nor trust each other but still want to trade? Then there needs to be a third party that we all trust, which is the so-called consensus mechanism. For example: you can complete the transaction through a third-party witness guarantee on Taobao. The money is first given to Alipay - Alipay collects the payment and lets the seller deliver the goods - the seller delivers the goods - you confirm receipt - Alipay then gives the money to the seller.

However, what if this centralized organization does evil and Dad Ma tears up the account books and refuses to admit that you gave the money, or joins forces with the seller to defraud you of money?

Or maybe the government lends you 1 million, and finally pays you back by issuing extra currency. The 1 million shrinks to 10,000, and you bear the loss of inflation. What should you do? ?

Is there a third party that is not controlled by any government or organization, can complete arbitration in an open and transparent manner, has records that will not be tampered with, and has no risk of running away?

Don’t worry, our protagonist blockchain technology solves this problem - the transactions between you can be witnessed by everyone in this blockchain system, and everyone’s small ledger will be recorded Your deal. If B denies receiving money from A, or if A says that he borrowed 300 yuan, passers-by A, B, B, and D will question him. How exactly is it done?

1) The system issues a small ledger to everyone, so that everyone has the right to keep accounts. We call it distributed accounting.

2) In order to encourage everyone to help others keep accounts, the system code is set to reward tokens such as Bitcoin to the bookkeepers. In order to preventTo stop a bunch of people from being blocked in accounting, we also set the number of tokens to be limited. A, B, C, and D need to be calculated through the mechanism specified by the system. Only the fastest and best can get the right to keep accounts. After recording, it will be broadcast to everyone through the system. , everyone copies the same ledger, and this process of obtaining rewards through calculation is called mining. The passers-by A, B, C, and D who keep the accounts are the miners.

3) One day, A, who originally recorded the transaction, Game Over, but the ledger still exists in other people's ledgers. Neither A nor B can deny it. We have written in code how to arbitrate and distribute, without the need for banks, governments, enterprises and other centralized organizations to serve as third-party witnesses (decentralization), and the direct point-to-point (P2P) transaction method is called decentralization.

4) The system packages multiple transactions into blocks and links them in chronological order to become the final ledger that everyone has. This is the blockchain technology

In fact, the block chain The simple understanding of blockchain as a ledger is only the simplest interpretation. If each of its characteristics is separated, it can be applied in many fields.

Now the traditional financial industry, securities firms, and investment institutions are rushing to enter the Internet of Things, games, storage, copyright, anti-counterfeiting, credit reporting, payment, prediction markets (gambling, etc.), communities and many other fields. The exploration and application of blockchain has already begun.

The Internet allows everything to be connected. Can blockchain make everything connected trustworthy?

Let me explain the blockchain using the natural stones of heaven and earth:

All science, philosophy, morality... heaven and earth are included. Every thing and every culture is related to the Taoism of heaven and earth.

Blockchain naturally cannot escape the fate of heaven and earth: that is, smooth, random, infinite, and impermanent.

It is this strange stone, and the overall data movement on its surface. First, the whole is intangible. Second, the lines and points adhere to a pattern: the path of impermanence. That is to say, every line and every point they pursue is not a closed goal or a limited purpose. I can understand it better when I say this: when a painter paints a chicken, it has a purpose and an ending, while strange rocks, when created by nature, have no ending. Therefore, the phase is not closed, and the line and point data are not terminated. The technology of block connection is this way of destiny. Impermanence is invisible and has no end. (No centralization means formlessness, no closed form, no closed structure, no closed mind... just like "stone" to do things).

Confucius Lingshi Museum in Qufu, Shandong

Hello everyone, I am Pippi. I will use a few life examples to explain to you what blockchain is?

Decentralization, a data block link system that cannot be tampered with, distributed storage, and uses encrypted information as the link address, is called blockchain

This thing is originally a lot of high-tech composite products, and it cannot be simplified , no matter how simple it is, it is still a long paragraph, and it may not be clear

The strict definition of blockchain refers to a consensus mechanism designed based on cryptography technology in a peer-to-peer network. A distributed database technology where nodes jointly maintain a continuously growing, chained list ledger constructed of timestamps and ordered record data blocks. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system over a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. . There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes., this person will keep accounts. He will record the changes in the database and the ledger during this period in a block. We can imagine this block as a page. After the system confirms that the record is correct, The data fingerprint of the past ledger will be linked (chain) to this paper, and then this paper will be sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained (Collectively maintained), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to anotherTwo additional features: Open Source and Anonymity. If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect it. operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.

[One of the meanings of blockchain: Solving the Byzantine Generals Problem]

The core problem solved by blockchain is not “digital currency”, but information asymmetry and inconsistency. Under a certain environment, how to establish a "trust" ecological system that satisfies the occurrence and development of economic activities. This problem is called the "Byzantine Generals Problem", also known as "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" or the "Two Armies Problem". This is a difficult problem faced when information machines interact in a distributed system, that is, any point in the entire network When nodes cannot trust the other party they are communicating with, how can they create a consensus basis for secure information exchange without worrying about data being tampered with. Blockchain uses an algorithmic proof mechanism to ensure the security of the entire network. With its help, all parties in the entire systemThere are nodes that can automatically and securely exchange data in a trustless environment. For more introduction, please see "Bitcoin and the Byzantine Generals Problem".

[The second meaning of blockchain: realizing cross-border value transfer]

At the beginning of the birth of the Internet, the earliest core problem to be solved was information production and transmission. We can transfer information through the Internet It can be quickly generated and copied to every corner of the world with a network, but it still cannot solve the value transfer and credit transfer. The so-called value transfer here refers to a method that everyone in the network can recognize and confirm, accurately transferring a certain part of the value from a certain address to another address, and it must be ensured that when the value is transferred, the original address is reduced The transferred portion, while the new address increases the value transferred. The value mentioned here can be a monetary asset, or some kind of physical asset or virtual asset (including securities, financial derivatives, etc.). The results of this operation must be recognized by all participating parties, and the results cannot be manipulated by any one party.

There are also various financial systems in the current Internet, and there are also many payment systems provided by government banks or third parties, but they still rely on centralized solutions. The so-called centralized solution is to put all value transfer calculations on a central server (cluster) through the endorsement of a certain company or government credit. Although all calculations are automatically completed by programs, this centralization must be trusted. person or institution. In fact, through centralized credit endorsement, credit can only be limited to certain institutions, regions or countries. It can be seen from this that the fundamental problem that must be solved is credit. Therefore, the core issue of value transfer is transnational credit consensus.

In such a complicated global system, it is difficult to establish a global credit consensus system out of thin air. Due to the different political, economic and cultural conditions of each country, it is difficult for two countries to It is almost impossible for enterprises and governments to completely trust each other. This means that whether it is endorsed by the credit of individuals or corporate governments, even if the value exchange between countries can be completed, there will be huge time and economic costs. But in the long history of mankind, no matter how different the religion, politics and culture of each country are, the only thing that can reach consensus is mathematics (basic science). Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that mathematics (algorithms) is the greatest common denominator of global civilization and the basis for the greatest consensus among human beings around the world. If we use mathematical algorithms (programs) as endorsement, all rules are based on an open and transparent mathematical algorithm (program), which can allow all people with different political and cultural backgrounds to gain consensus.

[Future Development]

The Internet will make global interactions closer and closer, accompanied by a huge trust gap. CurrentlySome mainstream database technology architectures are private and centralized. On this architecture, the problems of value transfer and mutual trust can never be solved. Therefore, blockchain technology may become the next generation database architecture. Through decentralized technology, it will be possible to complete the huge progress of mathematical (algorithm) endorsement and global mutual trust on the basis of big data.

As a specific distributed access data technology, blockchain technology uses multiple nodes participating in calculations in the network to jointly participate in the calculation and recording of data, and mutually verify the validity of their information. (anti-counterfeiting). From this point of view, blockchain technology is also a specific database technology. The Internet has just entered the era of big data, but from the current point of view, big data is still in a very basic stage. But when it enters the blockchain database stage, it will enter the big data era of real strong trust endorsement. All data here has acquired indestructible quality, and no one has the ability or need to question it.

Perhaps we are now at a major turning point - the early stages of a major transition that is almost as profound as the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Not only are new technologies exponential, digital and combined, progress and changes, but more surprises may be ahead of us. In the next 24 months, the planet will grow more computing power and record more data than it has in all of history combined. In the past 24 months, this value increase may have exceeded 1,000 times. This digital data information is growing faster than Moore's Law. Blockchain technology will not only be used in the field of financial payments, but will expand to all current applications, such as decentralized Weibo, WeChat, search, renting, and even taxi-hailing software may appear. Because blockchain will allow humans to collaborate on a large scale in a trustless manner without geographical restrictions.

Blockchain is a technology based on which many applications have been produced, including all industry businesses related to data and information. Bitcoin is one of the most well-known applications. The popular explanation of blockchain is that if you buy a lipstick online, you first find the product you like and place an order with the seller. You first give the money to the intermediary platform. After the seller ships the goods and the buyer confirms receipt, the intermediary platform then transfers the money. Transfer it to the seller, because of the trust issue, both buyers and sellers rely on the intermediate platform, and the blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger database, focuses on removing this intermediate platform while solving the trust issue at the same time. In the blockchain, everyone has their own ledger to record everything that happens. If a seller takes money but does not deliver the goods during the transaction, this record will exist permanently and cannot be modified, and there is no need to interact with each other. To exchange information, the blockchain world will select the person's ledger that records the fastest and best quality at the same time node to copy, send and connect in series, and finally stack it up to form a block.

When everyone talks about virtual currencies, they are often inseparable from the concept of blockchain.Nian, so what exactly is the blockchain?

Blockchain is an underlying technology, essentially a decentralized distributed ledger database. It sounds very high-end and out of reach, but it is actually very easy to understand.

For example, if you want to buy something on Taobao, the first thing you usually have to do is to open Taobao, find the product you want, place an order and pay the money to Taobao, which is the transaction intermediary. Taobao will pay the seller after receiving the goods and confirming receipt. This was originally just a transaction between me and the seller, but it has an additional "center", namely Taobao.

During the transaction process, this "center" has unlimited power and can even modify the bill at will. Therefore, the “center” often needs a strong backend to endorse it.

So, a man named Satoshi Nakamoto wanted to get rid of this center with infinite power. He wanted to create a decentralized system in which everyone is the center and everyone is the center. Have the authority to keep accounts. So, he created Bitcoin.

In the Bitcoin system, everyone has a small ledger to record every transaction that occurs. A transaction is only valid after being confirmed by a majority of people. If the seller doesn't deliver the goods, everyone's little ledger will record it, leaving him nowhere to escape.

At this time, you may have questions. Since it is just a public ledger, why is it called a blockchain? This involves the issue of consensus. The blockchain system is a system composed of many "centers". The entire blockchain belongs to all individuals participating in accounting. At this time, new problems arise. A system must be in order to survive in the long term. If the bookkeeper can act recklessly regardless of the cost, it may happen that he originally just bought a mobile phone, but received a Tesla instead.

So, Satoshi Nakamoto invented a consensus method called PoW. This method increases the cost of bookkeeping for bookkeepers and prevents them from doing evil easily. PoW uses cryptography to require bookkeepers to compete for computing power to obtain accounting rights. The first bookkeeper to calculate the result can obtain the accounting rights of a block packaged from several transactions. At the same time, you will receive certain tokens as rewards. This is what we commonly call "mining".

Now that the bookkeeper has recorded a block containing several transactions, the system needs to be organized and sorted. It is impossible to have countless blocks distributed in the system in an orderly manner. So it is necessary to link all blocks end to end in chronological order. At this time, the blockchain was born. The core of blockchain is technology.

㈤ What is the concept of blockchain? Read it in three minutes!

On October 25, 2019, Xinwen Lianbo delivered an extraordinaryImportant signal: The country must vigorously develop blockchain. After that, blockchain has become an Internet celebrity, and the figure of "blockchain" is floating in the streets and alleys. In fact, many technology companies have already deployed blockchain technology.

Although blockchain is very popular, many people do not know much about blockchain.

What is blockchain?

Let’s first take a look at how Du Niang explained it. Network display: Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms.

Why is blockchain called blockchain?

The blockchain is linked by blocks one by one, and the blocks are storage units one by one, which record the communication information of each block node. The blocks are much like the records of the database. Writing data every time creates a block. With the expansion of information exchange, one block continues with another, and the result is called a blockchain.

What are the characteristics of blockchain?

Blockchain mainly has the following characteristics:

1. Decentralization: In the blockchain system, every node has equal rights. and obligations, there is no central control here. Decentralization has well established trust relationships with each other. Although there is no central management organization, people can collaborate with each other and trust each other. This mainly applies blockchain distributed ledger technology.

2. Openness: Blockchain data is open to everyone. Except for some encrypted information that is not open, everyone can check the data here.

3. Independence: The entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without any human intervention.

4. Security: Blockchain has a certain degree of security and cannot be tampered with. Because everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, if someone wants to tamper with it, it is possible to forge a non-existent record only if they control more than 51% of the accounting nodes. Of course, this is basically impossible. This is mainly due to the core technology of the blockchain: the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal".

5. Anonymity: Many people think that if the blockchain is so open and transparent, will we lose privacy? In fact, no, although the transaction information in the blockchain is open and transparent, the identity information of the account is encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization.

Now let me tell you a story to help you better understand the blockchain.

There are three people in the family, mom, dad andBrother, brother. Last year, my father was in charge of the family's account books. He was responsible for all the family's income and expenses alone.

However, on the day of Double Eleven, my mother, who has always been frugal, wanted to buy herself a beautiful piece of clothing on a certain online store. When she checked the account book, she found something was wrong. It stands to reason that except for some money deposited in banks and financial management, the whereabouts of the daily consumption money at home are all in this account book, but no matter how you look at it, it is wrong. Some consumption is clearly not recorded, but is recorded.

Later, my father took the initiative to confess that he couldn’t help but buy a pack of cigarettes.

Later, my mother changed her strategy and the whole family kept accounts. Everyone recorded their monthly consumption expenditure in their own account books. Whenever there was a transaction or consumption at home, my mother would shout, "Book it," and everyone would record the transaction in their own books. This is the decentralized accounting model, where everyone is the center and everyone has a ledger.

The previous accounting model for dad was centralized accounting. If dad wanted to do something alone, it would be difficult for anyone to see it. The decentralized accounting model has solved the problem of centralization very well. The disadvantage of bookkeeping is that it is very difficult for dad to tamper with the books.

For example, if my father wants to take some money from the ledger and secretly buy cigarettes, the amount of money is limited, and if he wants to take the money, he has to change the ledger, but he only tampered with his own ledger. No, he had to change the accounts of three people including himself. And this is undoubtedly more difficult than reaching the sky.

So, many times my father had the idea of ​​smoking, but he had no choice but to give up the idea due to the current situation.

Are blockchain and Bitcoin the same thing?

In fact, blockchain and Bitcoin are not the same thing. It is just the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the first digital currency applied by blockchain.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, it became a core component of the electronic currency Bitcoin, serving as a public account book for all transactions. Blockchain was first applied to Bitcoin.

The origin of blockchain is to solve the problem of trust, and one of the most successful applications of blockchain is digital currency. Bitcoin is arguably the most successful application of blockchain so far.

What are the applications of blockchain?

The application of blockchain is actually very wide. In addition to digital currency, the future applications of Bitcoin are still very extensive. Blockchain technology has been widely used in different industries. Such as product traceability, copyright protection and transactions, payment and settlement, Internet of Things, digital marketing, medical care, etc., promoting different industries to quickly enter the "blockchain+" era.

1. Payment and settlement: blockThe chain can abandon the role of intermediary banks, realize point-to-point payment, reduce intermediary fees, and accelerate capital utilization.

2. Product traceability: For example, if we buy a piece of clothing on a certain store, we can see the past and present life of this piece of clothing.

3. Securities trading: Traditional securities trading requires the coordination of four major institutions, which is inefficient and costly. Blockchain technology can independently complete one-stop services.

4. Supply chain: Introducing blockchain technology into the supply chain system, synchronizing information within the system can control all links, better complete division of labor and collaboration, and facilitate subsequent accountability.

5. Intellectual property rights: With copyright on the chain, our photographic works, musical works, literary works, etc. will become our information, and the ownership of the information will be confirmed and become our property.

㈥ Blockchain plummeted again! Strange thing, why do I lose money after buying it?

Blockchain plummeted again! Why do you lose money most of the time?

The blockchain has plummeted again in the past two days. By the way, there are already a lot of articles about this kind of ups and downs. I find that human nature has never changed, that is, when it falls, you criticize it, and when it rises, you praise it. Then chase the rise and kill the fall. Then it kept getting slapped in the face by the market.

Some netizens asked that they had discovered a very magical phenomenon. Why does he lose money whenever he buys and enters the market? Why can't you make money as soon as you buy in and have a great time exiting the market? Let’s talk about this interesting topic.

First, I always buy the wrong product

This is what a netizen said. He said that no matter when he buys a variety, what often happens is that after he buys it, he will either A little increase, or a direct loss. It goes down when he buys it, and goes up when he sells it. It seems like someone is against him, as if the banker is eyeing the w in his hand. Why is it like this?

In fact, I would say that this situation is the norm. Most of the time in the market, you will lose money if you buy these. In the short term, the market is determined by the sentiment of liquidity, that is, short-term speculators like you. As long as someone bids, the price will fluctuate, with some bidding high and others bidding low. When the exchange sees a matching order, it will be filled.

The forces of short-term long and short are generally balanced. Some are selling and some are buying. At least there will be no downward or upward trend. And you usually buy in the middle, with ups and downs, losses and profits, which is also very normal.

Second, bulls are short and bears are long

In addition, if you extend the cycle for a few months or even during a trend upward trend, does that mean you have finished buying? Can you keep making money from now on? Even in a bull market, this is not the case, because the trend of financial investment products is characterized by short bulls and long bears. Most of the time it is consolidation, and only a small part of the time is.Pulled up immediately.

This is even more true in Circle B. And there is still a lot of leverage in the B circle. I have told you before about the principle of rising prices and why they rise so fast. A large amount of chips are concentrated in the hands of a few people. The price at the margin has begun to rise, and there is nothing particularly hard to implement. Most of them are speculative applications.

I have mentioned the characteristics of assets before. Since assets can be kept forever, their quantity is scarce. There is only one reason for people to buy it, and that is for the higher price. But this kind of money does not last long. Once the turnover rate increases, the news subsides, and the emotions subside, the price will immediately start to fall.

If you want to pull up after falling, a large number of chips are scattered in people's hands at this time, making it difficult to pull up. So what you often see is that when you hear a piece of news, you rush in. After you rush in, it starts to fall, and then you lose money most of the time. Even if you make money, it will only be for a short time.

Third, the experience of making money

What I want to say is that some people always feel that someone is against them and they lose money when buying. This is a very normal phenomenon. , completely reasonable in terms of logical probability.

So what does it feel like to make money? It’s actually very uncomfortable. There are probably several stages like this.

First, identify the trend.

First of all, you have to identify a big trend. Without a trend, it will be very difficult to make money. This is easy to understand. For example, the U.S. stock market has been in a bull market for decades. You are right to buy at any time. Even if the buying point is not good, you only lose time but not money.

If it is our A-shares, the Shanghai Composite Index has returned to its original point in recent years. No matter how hard you try, the probability of making money is slim. Picking the right track is important.

The second is to enter at a loss.

Don’t watch the market too much at ordinary times. Some people stare at it every day, and it will be difficult to make money. You will only enter the market when it plummets. So I still want to criticize you. Some people lose confidence as soon as they hear that the market has plummeted. They immediately praise you as a god as soon as they hear that the market has risen sharply. It is basically difficult to make money in this way.

Because only when the market is cheap is the time to buy, when the profit and loss odds are better. But he also tests you, do you think this trend still exists, and is this trend still there? No one knows, it’s just a kind of gambling. The probability is higher, the odds are better.

The third is to get ahead and be excited for a short period of time.

The last thing is to bear losses. For example, if you buy when there is a big drop, it will be difficult for you to get to the lowest point, so there is a high probability that it will still fall. If it is a bear market, such a big drop will often at the bottomIf the market is consolidating for a long time, you will feel uncomfortable for a long time, and sometimes the decline will be beyond your imagination. For example, it will fall by another 30% or 40%, and you will start to doubt yourself. This is very uncomfortable. .

Note that if the first one is correct and the trend is still there, that is to say, it can still reach new highs, then you will definitely make money. After you have endured for a while, suddenly at a certain time One day when you are almost desperate, he will start to make profits and your account will become red.

Does that mean you can sit back and relax? No, there will still be fluctuations in the process of returning to the red. It turns red today and turns green again tomorrow. Suddenly one day the market sentiment comes and the trend is formed. Pull it up.

Maybe within a short period of time, such as a few days or a few hours, you have to cut your profit and then run away. You will make money in this moment, and then it will be over. ,

Note that even if you make money, it will only be short-lived, and most of the time you will still lose money. This is the characteristic of the market, and there is nothing to say. So for people who really make money, you seem to be very Buddhist and have no troubles. The principle is like this. Look at Buffett, his favorite thing to say is to sit still.

Let’s talk so much first. The above is all nonsense from me and does not represent any suggestions.

㈦ The development of blockchain has been frustrated during the epidemic, and flashy blockchain pilots are falling out of favor

Under the new crown epidemic, blockchain suppliers and advocates are afraid of enterprises in the region Blockchain implementation setbacks.

The adoption of blockchain is a relatively new area for business leaders. As the economy shrinks and IT budgets shrink, blockchain may be the first project to be axed.

While no sweeping changes have hit blockchain adoption, the landscape of the technology has certainly shifted.

Similar to the trends in data and software, the focus of blockchain implementation in the COVID-19 era has also shifted to areas where technology can provide the greatest value in the shortest time.

Eschewing flashy pilots without clear intent, leaders are targeting areas of higher value, with COVID-19 pressures further deepening the weaknesses of existing blockchain applications.

In the aftermath of the crisis, funding for blockchain pilots has slowed as bosses suspended forward-looking projects and spent funds on more urgent firefighting activities.

According to forecasts released by IDC in June, as global IT budgets shrink, global blockchain spending is expected to reach US$4.3 billion in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 57.7% from US$2.7 billion in 2019. . Despite this growth forecast, it is down 7.7% from IDC's last forecast.

to 2In 2023, the global blockchain budget is currently forecast to reach $14.4 billion, a further reduction from the pre-COVID-19 estimate of nearly $16 billion.

The current actual impact on blockchain adoption has been low. One trend has been a decline in interest among large companies in pilots and proof-of-concepts without clear commercial returns.

When assessing the shift in blockchain adoption post-COVID-19, a crucial context is the instability of the economic environment.

When the first wave of lockdowns hit North America and Europe, almost all blockchain work was initially halted except for networks already in production.

Some large vendors and software integration companies have shifted their focus to enabling remote work, with people almost all working from home.

When considering blockchain implementation, enterprise technology leaders must always be wary of the hype from vendors and technology proponents and think carefully.

According to Gartner data, as of 2019, only 4% of organizations have blockchain projects and are running them on a large scale.

In the current environment, where IT leaders are under pressure to shrink budgets, any blockchain project that does not have a very clear reason for existing risks being shut down.

When companies evaluate the merits of blockchain pilots, clear benefit criteria include:

But for blockchain implementation, as an integral part of the platform, it can improve Supply chain and cost reduction.

Delivering these benefits has proven elusive for most businesses. According to Gartner, even those networks that exist today will need to be replaced as technology evolves to remain competitive, secure and avoid obsolescence.

As enterprises adapt to new operating environments, blockchain offers a way for enterprises to reduce the cost of reliable access to data between partners and reserve non-value-added costs.

To effectively pursue blockchain as part of their digital transformation journey, CIOs need to determine which aspects of their business and operating models can be automated to better serve customers.

Organizations should evaluate which combination of solutions can help achieve this outcome. In this case, blockchain can be connected with artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things. Instead of looking at blockchain as one thing that provides multiple capabilities, try to see the different capabilities of blockchain and try to integrate them into your business needs.

㈧ What is blockchain and what role does blockchain play?

It is important to understand blockchain, which is very important to see through various fake block chain scams.

If others use a bunch of technical terms to explain blockchain, you will be confused.It’s hard to understand, and he may not really understand it himself.

So, we first establish a psychological line of defense. Anyone who sells you concepts and uses a lot of unfamiliar technical terms may be a liar. Be very careful!

To understand blockchain, you must know what the core appeal of blockchain is. What do you think you are most worried about in today's highly developed Internet world?

Privacy, yes, privacy. How to protect privacy? You may be monitored at any time, and any of your personal information may be stolen at any time. If personal privacy is not absolutely protected, the Internet will become another pyramid of power. Who is standing on top of the pyramid? He is the smartest technical master, a platform provider, and an information regulator. You and I may be the people at the bottom of this pyramid.

The people who originally invented the blockchain had serious concerns about being completely swallowed up by the Internet, and tried to create an absolutely safe encryption technology to lock up personal privacy. This technology completely subverts traditional encryption technology. In fact, rather than locking up privacy, it is better to tear it into pieces and then distribute the pieces to different people for private keeping. Unless everyone agrees to take out the pieces and spell out the complete code, the truth cannot be revealed. This is the first mechanism of blockchain, which is decentralization.

But decentralization alone is not enough. Those who steal password fragments must also be given nowhere to hide, so that every action of the thief is recorded indelibly and spread everywhere on the Internet. , made public. This is the second mechanism of the blockchain, the non-anonymous mechanism. Do you think, who snoops into privacy is not sneaky?

To sum up, the blockchain is to hide privacy in a decentralized manner, record any actions that reproduce this privacy, and make it public. Seeing this, you may want to applaud the blockchain. Don't worry, how can there be such a good thing in the world? Is there any utopia that is absolutely safe? If blockchain can be realized in an absolute sense, will the existence of the government still be meaningful? Yes, blockchain was originally the embodiment of anarchy. Its ultimate meaning is destined to never be realized. Its survival may have to rely on power, and it is destined to become another beautifully packaged lie and a pretense to deceive others. In this sense, the government must also specify a framework for the development of the blockchain, reconstruct the value of the blockchain, and drive out the anti-government and anti-national attempts contained in the blockchain. Some blockchain technologies can be used in concrete applications, but decentralization must not be promoted. In short, we must remain highly vigilant about blockchain. Beauty often hides its sting. Absolutely ideal recipes often turn out to be poison. The person who says he can absolutely protect your privacy and financial security is the real voyeur and vampire.

The best way to protect our privacy is to not have any privacy and live a completely open life, either like a sun or like a god of wine.

㈨ How to introduce blockchain in 3 minutes in a simple and easy-to-understand manner and what its commercial value will be in the future

There is a real story about an engineer at Ant Financial. He wrote a blind date resume and filled in the job description as "code farmer". However, no one clicked it for a long time. Later, he changed his work experience to "district". "Blockchain" received 381 love letters at once.

From workers in high-tech industries to square dancing aunties, it seems that everyone is participating in the blockchain carnival. So what exactly is the seemingly mysterious blockchain? After reading the following content, you will have completed the journey from beginner to beginner.

1. What is blockchain?

To put it bluntly, the blockchain is "everyone keeps accounts together." Any database needs a big housekeeper to be responsible for "accounting" (maintaining the system and entering data). But after using blockchain technology, the concept of this "central steward" disappears, and each of us can participate in accounting. So the question is, whose record will ultimately prevail? Of course, it is the person who completes the work well and quickly. A system that strictly adheres to fairness will select this person based on the algorithm, write the contents recorded by him into the ledger, and send the contents of the ledger during this period to everyone in the system. of others to make backups.

2. What is so powerful about blockchain technology?

Any new thing must have unique advantages if it wants to develop rapidly, and the same is true for blockchain technology. First of all, blockchain technology ensures the security of the system. In the absence of a central steward, everyone is a defender of the home, which means that destroying some nodes has no impact on the system at all. Second, the recording process cannot be cheated. Everyone in the blockchain system has the same ledger, and the entire process is open and transparent. The system will determine the final result based on the opinions of the majority. It is difficult for an individual to hack into so many computers at the same time, and it is meaningless to just modify one's own results. Who would do such a thankless task? Third, and most importantly, the blockchain completely abandons the existence of "credit intermediaries". Credit intermediaries are the platforms we must pass through when transferring money, such as traditional banks. Now any two strangers can directly complete mutual trust transfers, and the efficiency has been improved not only a little!

3. What is the use of blockchain technology? ?

As mentioned earlier, the main advantage of blockchain is that it does not require the participation of intermediaries and the process is efficient and transparent.The cost is very low and the data is highly secure. That is to say, any industry that has needs in these three aspects can use blockchain technology. Here are a few examples:

In the banking industry, the use of blockchain technology is equivalent to updating a digital, secure and tamper-proof General ledger books. In fact, Swiss bank UBS and Barclays Bank in the UK have already begun experiments, hoping to use it as a way to accelerate back-end system functions and clearing and settlement capabilities. Some institutions in the banking industry claim that blockchain may reduce middleman costs by 20 billion.

In terms of car rental, blockchain also has great potential. A future customer selects the car they want to lease, entering it into the blockchain's public ledger; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the lease agreement and insurance policy, while the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. This is a foreseeable future for car sales and car registrations.

In terms of medical and health care, blockchain technology allows hospitals, patients and all parties in the medical benefit chain to share data in the blockchain network, and Don’t worry about data security and integrity. This means more accurate diagnosis, more effective treatment, and an improvement in the health system’s overall ability to deliver cost-effective care.

Blockchain is not cold-blooded. It has been implemented in applications that are closely related to our lives. For example, the application of Ant blockchain ranges from public welfare, to mutual insurance, to traceability of product authenticity, to traceability of rental housing.

In 2018, blockchain will "return to the world."

Blockchain, do you really understand it? Since it says three minutes, let’s give a simple answer.

1. What is blockchain;

2. What are the benefits of blockchain;

3. What are the uses of blockchain;

4. Blockchain technology and existing problems;

Let’s first look at the first question: What is blockchain

Let’s look at it literally. Blockchain is called Blockchain in English. This is a very good word. The English name is well chosen and the Chinese translation is also very beautiful.

1. What is a "block"?

You can think of it as a record, or anything, which forms such a record during the production stage. This thing can be any physical or virtual object in the Internet of Everything.

For example, if you generate a Bitcoin, which is a thing, then it actually corresponds to a block, and this block isA record of what it was all about.

When you produce a bottle of medicine in the future, a block is actually generated when this bottle of medicine is produced. When it leaves the factory, it needs to be recorded once, and this corresponds to it one-to-one.

This is the first dimension.

To make it easier to understand, for example, each of us is born with a unique identifier, which is our DNA. All species in the world have different DNA. Every individual's DNA is different.

Your parents can name you Zhang San, Li Si, Wang Wu. These names can be repeated, just like a bottle of medicine, whether it is aspirin or penicillin, these can also be repeated. Famous. However, human DNA is different. Even if you have identical brothers and sisters, your DNA is different, so this is your unique identifier. And once your DNA is formed, it cannot be changed. This is a benefit of the blockchain.

2. What is "chain"? The chain is actually a process. You can think of it as a transaction process. After this bottle of medicine leaves the factory, it enters the warehouse from the workshop and passes through a certain door, and it will record the process.

Of course, this requires automatic computer recording, and the cost of human recording is too high. Then, packing is a process, and transportation to the cargo transfer station is another process. Then it is loaded into a car and transported to the wholesale station, which is the next process.

Every step of the process is recorded. It is a process to go from the wholesale station to the store, it is another process for the people in the store to receive this batch of medicines and put them on the shelves, and it is still a process for you to buy them. Finally, when the whole process is connected, you will have a way to track the entire process of this bottle of medicine and know its authenticity, because once this bottle of medicine is produced, it will be bound to the blockchain, as well as to people and people. The same is true for DNA binding, which cannot be changed, but it can be seen and tested.

The doctor can also determine whether this person is you by testing DNA. So in terms of nature, if we virtualize it, it is actually a smart contract. You have signed a sales relationship with one of your customers. Once this happens, it cannot be changed. Then everyone can only execute it. This execution process is the same as the tracking of drugs I just talked about.

Second question: What are the benefits of blockchain?

1. Mathematically speaking, it is very beautiful. It changes from the past that you had to own something before you could know its properties to that you don’t own it, but you can ask questions Learned many details about it.

Mathematically speaking, this is a perfect asymmetric situation. You can tell whether it's true or false, but you can't change it.

2. Theoretically speaking, blockchain is very safe. For example, if you participate in the process of a bottle of medicine, others cannot see this information. You buy this bottle of medicine,You can know where it comes from, but no one else can.

For the same reason, for example, if we sign a contract, others can verify the contract. If you go to a bank for a loan, he can ask you the amount.

However, he cannot obtain this contract, and he cannot steal this contract from your computer.

Blockchain also has some interesting properties. For example, a block chain can be divided into two at will, or several can be combined into one, etc.

3. Blockchain is transparent, which means that everyone abides by this algorithm and there is no special agreement in private. So, if you believe in this algorithm, it means you believe in me and believe that I didn't do anything fishy. I will not secretly do anything in the contract to make you suffer losses.

This is a beautiful place theoretically and mathematically.

In the third block, let’s take a look at the uses of blockchain

1. Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and the Ethereum currency that everyone uses now is also a cryptocurrency. Of course, you can make another one based on it, either Zhang three coins or Li four coins. As for whether it can replace the currency of the future, this is doubtful.

2. Financing, we used to divide financing into three stages: the first stage is to get a loan from the bank. If you want to open a restaurant, you need to mortgage something. The second stage is that you issue some stocks and I sell 10% of the stocks, so that I can obtain part of the funds.

The third stage is actually crowdfunding. For example, if I want to write a book, it may cost 50,000 yuan for the publishing house to publish it. If any of you can give me 50 yuan at the beginning, I will use it in the future. Once the book is written, give everyone a copy. You will get the book, and of course I will publish it. But there is a problem. For example, I sell this book for 100 yuan and you get it for 50 yuan. What if my book sells very well, assuming I sell 100,000 copies, but you don’t seem to benefit from me? what to do?

Is there a fairer way to measure everyone's contribution? One way is to issue a cryptocurrency (ICO). When the business we do becomes bigger in the future, you can benefit from it.

3. Smart contract, for example, sign a contract. In the future, the smart contract can become like this. All the nodes in the middle are determined when the contract is signed, such as building or decorating a house for you. , your payment must be given to me at any stage of the decoration. If you accept it, no problem, the payment will be automatically given to me.

You can even sign with my supplier, which means that as soon as my money arrives in my account, I will give it to my supplier immediately. This will save many triangular debt problems in the future, including the problem of arrears to migrant workers.

Blockchain can also be used for the registration of real estate, carsRegistration etc. Of course, another great use is gambling. In fact, gambling is the most willing to adopt new technologies because it is closely related to money.

After talking about the benefits of blockchain, let’s take a look at the technology and existing problems of blockchain.

Today’s blockchain is basically the second generation and the first generation. It is the Bitcoin generation. It has many problems. It is not a platform, but is actually a specific application.

The second generation is represented by Ethereum. It is a platform on which you can issue your own coins, and it removes the concept of mining machines, so its transaction costs will be much lower. . The reason why ICOs are everywhere today is because with Ethereum, you can issue coins. Unlike in the past with Bitcoin, you had to completely copy its formula and copy it again. Today you are on Ethereum. , it is easy to issue your own currency, just like you can easily make your App on the Android operating system today.

There are three problems with Bitcoin transactions

1. The transaction delay is very long. I have asked people who specialize in Bitcoin transactions and the delivery time ranges from two hours to two hours. Days wait, so it is very inconvenient for you to use it to launder money. After the RMB is converted into US dollars, it may fall by 20% in two days, and you will lose 20% of your money.

2. It cannot be distributed. Like Bitcoin, a few people in the early days took away a lot of its shares, so how to distribute it in the future is also a problem. No one understands it clearly, so it is difficult to use it as a currency. a currency. Because if it really becomes a currency that everyone uses, it will be equivalent to the first few people taking away a large part of the world's property.

3. Transaction costs are high. For example, a cup of coffee at Starbucks in the United States costs $2.50 on average. You usually pay money at the counter, and the transaction time is only one minute. If you want to use Bitcoin, you have to wait two hours before you can get your coffee, and the transaction costs are extremely high, the electricity bill alone is $20. In other words, if you pay $2.50 for coffee, the transaction cost of electricity is $20, so this is unrealistic.

Blockchain has high risks. This risk is not only a technical risk, but also a policy risk. In fact, this is also an opportunity. Whoever solves this problem will get the opportunity. Its transaction costs are also very high, so whoever can develop new underlying technologies and reduce this transaction cost will make a lot of profits in the future.

Some people say it is the next generation of the Internet. I don’t agree with this, but it will definitely be a supplement to the Internet. Some people say whether it can subvert the central bank, but this is not certain, because there is no reason why the central bank or these big banks cannot do this themselves, so those who expect it to subvert the central bank may be too happy too early.

Perhaps in the end it was these large financial institutions in the past that used the blockchain to update themselves.

Talk in the vernacular and get useful information!

Literally, blockchain is blocks and chains, and some relationship between them. It is essentially a distributed accounting method and a network database system that cannot be tampered with.

The current development directions include digital currency, payment, smart contracts, defi finance, web3 and so on. It is still in the initial stage of development and is a back-end technology. Most projects are still speculating and financing.

Today's Afghanistan may be the best proof of the value of Bitcoin, and there is no problem with value storage

Blockchain is not just a technology, it is a way of trust transfer, value The way it is delivered may have huge potential in the future.

Keywords: block, chain, database, ledger, Afghanistan, currency speculation, value, technology, market

First, what is a blockchain? Blocks and chains are an accounting method and a form of network data storage.

Literally speaking, blockchain refers to blocks and chains. This block actually records the transaction records of the entire network, or the execution process result data of smart contracts, etc.

Every once in a while, the entire network will produce a block. This block records all transfer data, and the blocks need to be connected by some kind of "chain".

This chain is an encryption algorithm. Some information of the previous block is used to calculate and obtain some information of the next block. They are linked together. The latter block can trace back the previous block and needs to be modified. The next block must modify the previous block, all the way to the first block. Regarding the details of these issues, I have written many articles before. If you are interested, you can go back and take a look.

Blockchain is actually an accounting method, or a database storage method. Please pay attention to what I say below. The whole process is the operating mechanism of blockchain.

Each node in the entire network has the same status and runs the same program. This program is used to collect, encapsulate and package all transaction record data records that occurred in the entire network within a period of time. Then broadcast it to the entire network

Let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Once this packaging and encapsulation is completed, you can obtain the right to produce the block. A certain amount of Bitcoin can be issued every time a block is produced. Since the nodes in the entire network run the same program, there is no center to control everyone. Therefore, the currency issued is irrevocable and cannot be changed.

How to decide who has the right to make a block? This requires the use of the so-called consensus mechanism, which is to establish a rule and use who produces the block as the benchmark to solve the problem of network consistency. The mainstream consensus mechanisms include POW mechanism and POS mechanism. Proof of work and proof of stake. Proof of work, who does more work, and proof of stake, who stakes more assets

Pow means that everyone jointly calculates a difficult mathematical problem, and whoever calculates it has the right to produce the block. Pos means that everyone takes out their family assets as mortgage, and whoever mortgages more. It is possible to be selected as a block producing node.

The essence of this approach is that you have to pay a certain price and receive a certificate of investment, which essentially builds a kind of trust.

When all these tasks are completed, a block can be produced, and the block will be connected to the previous block one by one. This is the entire block sequence. Note that the entire blockchain world will produce many blocks, connected to one chain after another, but everyone only recognizes the longest chain, and short chains will be discarded.

To put it simply, each network node uses a program to package transactions within a period of time, and then connects the transaction blocks one after another and saves them in each node, but an encryption algorithm will be used in the process. Ensure that node information is not leaked, ensure that user information is encrypted, and ensure that the information in the block is not hacked or tampered with

Second, the block The current development of the chain, various projects and significance, at this stage are more about currency speculation, and there is no problem with value storage.

Blockchain has been developing for twelve or three years since the Bitcoin white paper in 2008. It has also experienced various evolutions and developments.

For example, now it has gone from being able to issue currency in a distributed way to now having huge functional expansion. The landmark event is the birth of the Ethereum smart contract.

I have explained many times that a smart contract is an automated contract signed by two or three parties. It will be automatically executed as long as the conditions are met. It is essentially a program with infinite possibilities and the judge in the blockchain world. Various functions can be input into the program, and the program exists. Blockchain has become rich and colorful.

Current blockchain applications mainly include the following aspects: smart contracts, payments, cross-chain assets, oracles, defi, web3 storage, etc. I will briefly mention two. Let’s take an example and talk about its commercial application.

For example, defi applications are quite popular on Ethereum now. Defi is decentralized finance. Abbreviation for decentralized finance.

What does it probably mean? It is to move all financial-related businesses in real life, such as mortgages, insurances, and loans, onto the blockchain.

This field is very popular now, and the reason is simple. It is very suitable for blockchain. As I said, a smart contract on the blockchain is a contract. If the contract conditions are met, execution can be automatically triggered.

In the past, it might have been very troublesome for you to go to the bank to apply for a loan. You had to sign various forms for verification, and the bank might not be open on weekends and nights

The blockchain network operates 24 hours a day. If you want to run various assets on it and do various mortgage transactions, you only need to click and there is a software terminal.

Of course, the real assets will be frozen in the process and mapped to virtual assets. After the transaction is completed, they will be exchanged for real assets. Cross-chain technology and oracle technology may also be used in this process, which I have written in detail in other articles.

It roughly means cutting off banks through decentralization, and direct point-to-point transactions. The security of transactions is guaranteed by blockchain technology, code and cryptography.

There is also the current web3 storage class. For example, the leading project fil. His vision is to take out all the scattered hard drives. Break all the data and information that need to be stored on the network into small pieces

and then distribute them to the entire network. When we want to use network data in the future, we no longer need large network database or server. In this way, Internet giants cannot charge high service fees. There is no way to maintain a monopoly.

If you want to obtain stored information, just take a taxi online like dd. You pay for a taxi, so that information on the Internet can flow freely. Costs will drop significantly.

Of course, these visions are grand and huge, and the current blockchain development is still in its early stages. There are still some technical difficulties to be overcome and some underlying systems to be established, but there is no problem in this direction.

The original digital asset projects like Bitcoin have now been proven to be very safe. Just like this situation in Afghanistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is Bitcoin. He is the first violent and unplunderable asset.

Your house may be occupied and blown up, and your gold may be robbed. And if you have Bitcoin, it's much easier. He can't snatch this thing away, because the mnemonic phrase and private key are in your mind, and he doesn't even know whether you have this thing in your mind. If you want to pass it on to your child, just ask him to memorize the key and mnemonic phrase.

It is precisely because we are now in a stage of financing and bubbles that all the news you see on the Internet is still speculation.

Also, this thing is a back-end technology. For example, Guangdong Province already has blockchain invoices. For example, there are already some blockchain apps for judicial certification, but for the front-end For you, you can't feel it. There is an extra string of hash codes on the invoice, can you tell the difference?

This is why when it comes to blockchain now, everyone is speculating on coins, but in fact it has certain applications and future technical logic.

Third, it is essentially a mechanism of trust, a method of value transmission, and an exploration of social governance methods.

What is the essential value of blockchain? Most criticalWhat's more, it is a way of credit transfer. Because there is enough credit, real-life assets and property values ​​can be spread on the Internet in the form of information codes.

Mainly in these aspects.

First, before Bitcoin, people did not know how to protect a piece of information, because information on the Internet can actually be copied. Bitcoin solves the problem of uniqueness of information assets. With scarcity, there is value in transactions and storage.

The second is decentralization and disintermediation. We used to do everything. All require some kind of intermediary. For example, when you borrow money, a bank acts as an intermediary, and when you buy a house, various institutions and real estate agencies act as intermediaries.

You cannot buy or sell directly. Because you don't have enough credit. We usually come to find a third party, but the third party is usually made up of people and may also do evil.

For example, the master who could whip five lightning whips a while ago. If he calls you all kinds of names at the beginning, you may be frightened. You won't know he is a liar until he is punched and lying straight there. This is human credit, which is unreliable

Blockchain ensures credit through code, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms. We no longer need a powerful third party. Note that this third party will often become a monopoly boss.

The third is to reduce the cost of coordination, communication and entry barriers.

If we want to become richer, we need to trade in the market. And transactions require coordination and division of labor. Essentially, the companies and organizations we work for are intermediaries.

You have to integrate your resources through this kind of intermediary, transform your labor force, your brainpower, and your ingenuity into final products and sell them on the market.

The smart contract technology of blockchain technology can break up these contracts in a decentralized manner. People in the market can combine freely to establish a new type of organization that is completely transparent and cannot tamper with the rules, which is a blockchain autonomous organization. The future of this kind of organization may be more promising than that of ordinary joint-stock companies.

You can join or quit an organization at will, and the trust between you and others has been resolved. You can cooperate with others and sign smart contracts to complete joint collaboration and complete a certain product. We no longer have to worry about some big capitalist taking advantage of everyone and getting the bulk of the profits.

So the Bitcoin blockchain is essentially a big social experiment, through the consensus mechanism, the decentralized decision-making method, and the distributed signing of smart contracts. Gradually and completely change the original appearance of our society. Restore the original ideal of market economy, peer-to-peer, direct transactions between people.

To summarize. Blockchain is a block of information connected together through an encryption algorithm.It is essentially an accounting method and a network data structure

Through decentralization, you can do finance, storage, and decentralize many things, but now it is still very In the initial stage, most projects are still in the stage of speculation, financing and concept development.

The value storage capability of the blockchain has been proven to be problem-free, very safe, and cannot be plundered by violence.

The essence of blockchain solves the problem of credit intermediary, and at the same time can reduce the cost for people to work together, lower the threshold for enterprise entry, improve social efficiency, make social transactions larger, and allow We are richer.

I recommend the book linked below, it is easy to understand. Like You Pump tells the history of the birth of blockchain, the underlying technical logic of blockchain, and some mainstream projects. Learn some knowledge about blockchain, feel more at ease, and no longer worry about whether it is a scam.