跨境金融区块链平台试点总结报告怎么写,跨境金融区块链平台试点总结报告范文

近日，我们完成了跨境金融区块链平台的试点总结报告，让我们来看看本次试点的情况如何。

首先，本次试点的目标是探索跨境金融区块链平台的可行性，以及跨境金融业务的改进空间。针对这一目标，我们在试点过程中，从技术层面和业务层面进行了深入的研究和探索。

从技术层面来看，我们搭建了一个完整的区块链平台，实现了跨境金融业务的智能化、安全化和可追踪化。我们还开发了一系列支持跨境金融业务的智能合约，使得跨境金融业务能够更加高效、安全和可靠。

从业务层面来看，本次试点探索了跨境金融业务的一系列改进空间，包括提高支付效率、降低成本、提升安全性和可追踪性等。在此基础上，我们提出了一系列改进建议，以帮助企业更好地掌握跨境金融业务的最新发展趋势，把握机遇，规避风险。

总的来说，本次试点取得了良好的成果，为跨境金融业务的发展提供了有价值的参考。展望未来，我们将继续加强技术研发，不断改进平台的性能，为跨境金融业务的发展提供更多更全面的支持。

请查看相关英文文档

⑴ WeBank helps the blockchain industry flourish

On July 19, the "Digital "Chain" Dawan" hosted by China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute District - Blockchain supports the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Report (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") press conference was held in Shenzhen.

The report believes that digital technology represented by blockchain can play an important role in breaking the ice of institutional differences in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, supporting the leapfrogging of the real economy and empowering innovation in social governance, and effectively boosting the development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The integrated development of the Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area has entered a new era 2.0. The report uses a wealth of practical cases of blockchain usage scenarios to demonstrate the role and contribution of blockchain in the construction of digital economy, digital society, and digital government.

The Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.

“The blockchain field in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is active in innovation, with rich application results, strong factor attraction, strong policy support, and an ecological development trend.” At the press conference, the report announced the development of the Greater Bay Area in A series of achievements in the blockchain field.

The report shows that in 2021, there were 10,710 blockchain-related invention patent applications in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, of which 3,282 occurred in the Greater Bay Area, accounting for 31% of the total. In addition, the Greater Bay Area has published a total of 756 articles on blockchain topics. Compared with other world-class bay areas, the number has begun to clearly dominate.

In the context of unprecedented changes in a century, experts and scholars shared their thoughts on the value of blockchain. Fan Gang, a well-known economist and president of the China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute, said that under the influence of international situations such as the epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, new changes have taken place in the international trade system and currency settlement system. Since the blockchain has the characteristics of privacy, mutual trust of real information, and no need to repeatedly verify duplicate information, it greatly improves transaction efficiency. In his view, with Internet technologies such as blockchain, and empowered by the open source ecosystem of large companies, more small businesses will use the platform to play a role.

Fan Gang, President of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute.

Therefore, the report believes that “the Greater Bay Area has sounded the clarion call for the rise of blockchain.” "The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has the advantages of open markets, diversified needs, and talent gathering. The cutting-edge science and technology field represented by blockchain is actively innovating, achieving fruitful results, and the ecological development trend has been set. It has become the key to the development of blockchain at home and abroad. The new highland is pregnant with the strong development pulse and greater development future of blockchain and digital economy." Liu, deputy director of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Open Key Development Research Institute, said when releasing the report.

Expansion, integration and innovation of cutting-edge technology in "Xinjiang region"

Ma, Vice President and Chief Information Officer of WeBank.

This is an example of using blockchain across borders for trusted data.

Tang Jie, professor at the School of Economics and Management of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) and former deputy mayor of Shenzhen, commented on the report and pointed out that currently, the application results of blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are already very rich. The number of projects ranks among the top in the country, and a number of leading blockchain companies are emerging.It can not only effectively solve the current problem of poor flow of people and the institutional differences caused by commodities and funds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, but also facilitate the cross-border and cross-domain use of data elements. He believes that new technologies such as blockchain should actively explore usage scenarios in the Greater Bay Area, and encourage technology-leading companies to be open and open source to create a good ecosystem.

Therefore, the report states that "digital technology represented by blockchain has accelerated the integration of the Greater Bay Area."

This integration is reflected in the fact that technology is melting the ice of institutional differences, supporting the leap of the real economy, and empowering innovation in social governance. Among them, in terms of melting institutional differences, the "Bay Area Fintech Talent Chain" of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, WeBank's inter-financial institution reconciliation platform, Guangdong-cross-border data verification platform, port logistics and

Harbin Institute of Technology ( Liu Chuanyi, executive director of the Shenzhen Data Security Research Institute and professor of the School of Computer Science and Technology, also believes that one of the functions of the blockchain is to trace the source of the evidence, which cannot be tampered with or traced back. This function determines that it can become an important infrastructure in the digital age. “As a basic infrastructure, the blockchain should first be open source, and secondly the source code should be formally verified. In addition, the blockchain should be vertically open, and some important uses should be fed back to these infrastructures, thereby strengthening the sustainability of the infrastructure. Iterate to make this infrastructure clearer."

With the deepening of the connection between the rules and mechanisms of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, the level of integrated development of the Greater Bay Area continues to improve. The report further points out that shallow integration needs such as hardware docking, front stores and back factories, and gradient division of labor for the integrated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the 1.0 era are being replaced by deep integration needs such as system compatibility, economic interdependence, and social interconnection in the 2.0 era. .

“The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area relies on cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain to realize the flow or utilization of trusted data in a multi-system environment, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the flow of people, logistics, and capital, and significantly expand the economic hinterland, A 'Xinjiang region' that integrates innovation." The report pointed out.

Developing a "trust transfer machine" to help integrated development

"Blockchain, especially alliance chains, are recognized machines for transferring trust. Based on blockchain technology and individual-led distributed data transmission protocols, it can Effectively promote the flow of data elements and help the integrated development of the Greater Bay Area." As a representative of industry practice, Ma said when sharing.

According to its disclosure, WeBank has always regarded blockchain as one of the core technologies of financial technology, and in 2016 it took the lead in launching the blockchain alliance "Golden Chain Alliance" in the financial industry. It has always adhered to the concept of comprehensive security and controllability of blockchain technology, relying on the collaboration of the Golden Chain Alliance open source working group to create FISCO BCOS, the underlying open source platform of the financial alliance chain, to achieve localization support for the entire chain, which greatly accelerated the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The development of the blockchain open source ecosystem. At present, WeBank, as the first digital bank in China, has accumulated 340 million effective individual customers and nearly 2.8 million small and micro enterprises.

Ma revealed that at present, the open source alliance chain ecosystem built by Weizhong Blockchain and many parties has gathered more than 3,000 institutions and enterprises and more than 70,000 individual members, successfully supporting financialThere are hundreds of blockchain applications in multiple industries including healthcare, justice, agriculture, and manufacturing, as well as more than 200 benchmark applications supporting industrial digitalization.

Currently, the blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is showing an ecological development trend, and the open and diversified blockchain ecosystem is accelerating its evolution. Gu Qingshan, assistant to the general manager of Shenzhen Zhangzhangtong Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., pointed out that as the flagship financial technology incubated by Ping An Group, finance Zhang Tong has been deeply involved in financial technology for many years.

Has rich experience in the use of financial blockchain, and has deep accumulation in patents, localization, etc., which can meet the actual needs of financial institutions’ blockchain.

As a practical representative of the academic community, Pang Chuan, Vice President of Macau University of Science and Technology and member of the Macau Legislative Assembly, said that in addition to scientific research and serving society, the most important thing in academia is to cultivate talents. In June 2023, Blockchain Engineering (080917T ) has passed the registration and approval of undergraduate majors in general colleges and universities by the Ministry of Education, and the first batch of undergraduate graduates in blockchain engineering will be officially born in four years. In addition, Tsinghua University, Peking University, University of Science and Technology of China and other well-known universities are on the list of candidates for the national pilot program for innovative use of blockchain in the education field.

[Written by] Li Hualian

Related Q&A: How does the procuratorate investigate the bank statements of WeBank? The procuratorate only needs to go to the company to investigate the bank statements of WeBank. Under normal circumstances, the court cannot check the bank statements of the person subject to execution. If it is related to the case, it can apply for inquiry. The transaction history of the person subject to execution may involve property outside the case. The property inquired, seized, frozen, transferred, and valuated by the people's court shall not exceed the scope of the obligation of the person subject to execution. Therefore, the court cannot inquire without legal authorization. .

⑵ Promote the optimization and improvement of cross-border digitalization of the entire process

Source: Economic Information Daily

The spread of the new coronavirus epidemic, skyrocketing commodity prices, surge in logistics costs and other factors are accelerating the global industry Chains are being restructured, the international trade situation is becoming increasingly complex, and uncertainty is increasing. Various international exhibitions have been postponed or canceled, and the opportunities for foreign trade companies to explore the international market have been significantly reduced. International trade orders are changing from large-volume, low-frequency, standardized goods to small-volume, high-frequency, personalized goods. In response to the above changes, the majority of private small and medium-sized enterprises are increasingly paying attention to new models such as cross-border e-commerce, and are accelerating the digital transformation of traditional foreign trade with the help of platforms such as Alibaba International Station. The key to resolving the risk of stuck foreign trade channels is to establish a globally competitive local cross-border e-commerce platform. The use of full-process digital products and services is an industry-leading path explored by my country's e-commerce platforms and has broad room for growth.

Cross-border e-commerce promotes the transformation of foreign trade

In recent years, the scale of my country's cross-border e-commerce has maintained rapid growth, and the growth rate is much higher than the overall growth rate of foreign trade. Customs statistics show that my country’s cross-border e-commerce imports and exports have increased nearly 10 times in five years. Cross-border e-commerce supervision methods are also constantly innovating, with the introduction of "list verification and summary statistics", corporate income tax verificationA series of policies such as customs collection and collection.

my country’s cross-border e-commerce is entering a period of transformation in full-process digitization. Since 1999, my country's various cross-border e-commerce platforms have gradually grown and become an important means of ensuring employment and stabilizing foreign trade. Taking my country's earliest cross-border e-commerce platform, Alibaba International Station, as the research object, based on the services provided to merchants at each stage of the platform, the development of my country's cross-border e-commerce platform can be divided into three stages: the exploration period, the development period and the transformation period. . The main feature of the first stage is the Yellow Pages display. Cross-border e-commerce platforms provide information matching services for enterprises, allowing buyers and sellers to communicate online and conduct offline transactions. The main feature of the second stage is online trading. Cross-border e-commerce platforms build a credit guarantee system for enterprises to protect their online cross-border transactions. The main feature of the third stage is the digitization of the entire process. The platform builds a full-process digital service system for finance, payment, logistics, customs clearance, exchange, etc., transforming from a traditional online matching platform to a one-stop digital foreign trade service platform.

Cross-border e-commerce has significantly lowered the threshold for traditional foreign trade specialization. Private small and medium-sized enterprises can use the cross-border e-commerce model to realize the digital transformation of foreign trade, which can narrow the "digital divide" and achieve inclusive trade and sustainable development. At the same time, my country's private small and medium-sized enterprises also face many challenges when developing cross-border e-commerce business. One is the uncertainty of cross-border business opportunities. Markets around the world have differences in policies, economies, cultures, laws, customs, languages, etc., and their ability to meet consumer demand needs to be improved. The second is the uncertainty of logistics and distribution. The current high cost of international logistics by sea or air has made it unaffordable for many small and medium-sized enterprises. The backward logistics infrastructure in some countries or regions also seriously affects the development of cross-border logistics. The third is the uncertainty of payment and settlement. The cross-border payment system is not perfect yet, and the security and convenience of payment need to be improved. The fourth is the uncertainty of financial support. Due to the imperfect cross-border credit system in my country, traditional financial institutions have limited support for private small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in cross-border e-commerce business. Fifth, the uncertainty of talent protection. There are few compound talents who understand both e-commerce and foreign trade business.

Provide full-process cross-border e-commerce services for small and medium-sized enterprises

In order to help private small and medium-sized enterprises cope with uncertain risk challenges, the cross-border e-commerce service industry should be accelerated and improved to provide Small and medium-sized enterprises further develop and provide full-process cross-border e-commerce services such as information display, transaction services, financial support, customs clearance and inspection, logistics performance, foreign exchange exchange, export tax rebates, etc., and build a cross-border e-commerce ecosystem. Specifically, the following four measures can be implemented.

First, explore the way for brands to go overseas. Vigorously develop high value-added links such as R&D and design, absorb global innovative wisdom, and upgrade brand design concepts. Expand marketing channels, leverage social network communication methods, and expand brand promotion. Understand the cultural differences of local consumers, achieve customized sales to consumers, and improve consumers' trust in products. Build a cross-border e-commerce brand and establish and improve cross-border e-commerce knowledgeThe property rights protection system enhances my country's cross-border e-commerce product pricing initiative and effectively improves the ability of cross-border e-commerce product premiums.

Second, improve the global logistics service system. On the one hand, we will speed up the construction of overseas warehouses. Promote the coordinated development of cross-border logistics enterprises and manufacturing, and form a development pattern in which cross-border logistics and domestic manufacturing collaborate to "go overseas". By strengthening the in-depth collaboration between the two parties at the supply and demand cooperation and supply chain levels, we will promote the integration of manufacturing supply chains and circulation supply chains. mutually coupled. On the other hand, improve logistics service innovation capabilities. Make full use of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet and artificial intelligence to fully integrate with the business processes of logistics services, accelerate the informatization, automation and unmannedization of the entire logistics and transportation process, and reduce transactions Cost and information transmission cost to ensure the safety, timeliness and cost of transportation services. Realize "one order to the end" of cross-border e-commerce logistics and achieve transparency and visualization throughout the process.

Third, improve the cross-border financial service system. The first is to carry out cross-border e-commerce collection and payment business. Encourage Chinese banks and third-party collection companies to optimize collection products, expand overseas cooperation, and provide one-stop cross-border payment solutions for the integration of cross-border e-commerce and traditional foreign trade. The second is to develop financial credit business. Financial institutions are encouraged to explore financing methods for the integrated development of cross-border e-commerce and traditional trade, and expand the scope of financing collateral for e-commerce enterprises. Support traditional financial institutions and Internet financial companies to develop Internet financial financing models, build cross-border financial blockchain service platforms, and provide more systematic and stable credit services for domestic small and medium-sized foreign trade companies. The third is to innovate e-commerce insurance business. E-commerce companies are encouraged to cooperate with domestic banks and export credit insurance companies to carry out cross-border e-commerce online credit insurance, online factoring and other businesses. Relying on new generation information technologies such as big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, we develop insurance products for cross-border e-commerce enterprises that cover the entire process of cross-border e-commerce procurement.

Fourth, establish a talent cultivation and introduction mechanism. On the one hand, colleges and universities are encouraged to set up cross-border e-commerce professional courses and cultivate cross-border e-commerce professionals. Promote the establishment of industry-university-research cooperation bases in cross-border e-commerce parks, organize cross-border e-commerce experience exchanges, accelerate the cultivation of cross-border e-commerce application talents, and encourage cross-border e-commerce platforms to provide university students with talent training projects with a real working environment. . On the other hand, establish a high-level talent introduction mechanism. Vigorously support domestic and foreign exchanges, training subsidies, etc. for high-level talents and talents in short supply, implement international cooperation for the purpose of gathering and introducing cross-border e-commerce talents, and introduce high-level international professional talents through market-based incentive mechanisms.

(Author Hong Yong’s unit: E-commerce Institute of the Ministry of Commerce Research Institute)

[Error correction] [Editor in charge: Ran Xiaoning]

⑶ Request for " "2018 Blockchain Development Report" full text free download Baidu network disk resources, thank you~

"2018 Blockchain Development Report" network disk pdf latest complete setDownload:
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Introduction: Chuangye State released "2018 Blockchain Development Report", the report found that blockchain will be more effective in industries that require mutual trust, need to go to intermediary platforms to improve transaction efficiency, and have online structured data. Blockchain applications will be the first to be implemented in the financial field, and will gradually penetrate into social credit reporting, entertainment, supply chain, medical care, education, logistics and other fields.

⑷ Problems encountered in the promotion of cross-border financial service platforms

Problems encountered in the promotion of cross-border financial service platforms include legal and regulatory policies Restrictions, the risk of cross-border payments, the impact of language and cultural differences, and the pressure of market competition.
1. Restrictions from legal and regulatory policies: Different countries and regions have different financial, foreign exchange, taxation and other regulatory policies and laws and regulations, which may cause certain restrictions and impacts on the promotion and use of the platform.
2. Risks of cross-border payments: There are differences in currencies, payment methods, transaction rules, etc. in different countries and regions, which may increase the security risks and operational complexity of cross-border payments.
3. The impact of language and cultural differences: Different countries and regions have different languages, cultures, habits, etc., which will have certain impacts and challenges on platform promotion, customer service, user experience, etc.
4. Pressure of market competition: Competition in the cross-border financial services market is very fierce, and the platform needs to have strong market competitiveness and operational capabilities in order to gain a foothold and succeed in the market.

⑸ "World Economic Research" Bank financial services are integrated into the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem

Data from the General Administration of Customs show that in the first three quarters, my country’s imports and exports through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform were 1873.9 billion, a year-on-year increase of 52.8%. At present, China is building a new development pattern in which domestic and international dual cycles promote each other. Cross-border e-commerce has become a new driving force for the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade and a new channel for innovative development. On November 15, 2020, the formal signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) also provided a new development opportunity for cross-border e-commerce. The signing of the agreement represents the official conclusion of the world's largest free trade agreement. Tariffs are expected will drop significantly, and cross-border e-commerce will develop more rapidly.

As the scale of cross-border e-commerce business continues to grow, a large number of cross-border e-commerce platforms have emerged in China, among which the most influential ones include Alibaba International Station, JD Global Shopping, Amazon, and Global Express. Express, ebay, etc. The rapid development of e-commerce platforms has enabled commercial banks to see opportunities, and they have taken advantage of their payment and settlement advantages to actively enter the field of cross-border e-commerce.

[Background Introduction]: As the world’s first national expo with the theme of import, the China International Import Expo is becoming a major driving force for my country to build a domestic circulationIt is an important platform for mutual promotion of the main body and domestic and international dual circulation. On November 4, 2020, the third CIIE opened in Shanghai. As the “investment partner” of the CIIE, ICBC combined its experience in serving the first and second CIIE and relied on its comprehensive global network. , leading financial technology, and a strong customer base, actively assist in global investment promotion, build a financial bridge to interconnect global trade in the post-epidemic period, and provide strong support for forming a strong domestic market, building a new development pattern, and achieving high-quality development.

[Case Introduction]: In order to further enhance its online service capabilities for CIIE exhibitors, ICBC gave full play to its online business advantages and worked hard to build the ICBC Global e-commerce cross-border trade platform. E-Trade Service (GETS) provides one-stop cross-border services for major international exhibitions including the China International Import Expo, free trade zones, free trade ports, cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones and global trading partners. Business and financial services.

[Product advantages]: ICBC e-purchase cross-border trade platform mainly has four major characteristics:

First, it has richer functions. The platform supports corporate yellow pages, procurement sourcing, product release, online transactions, cross-border payments, logistics customs clearance, financial services and other functions, and can provide various online services in foreign trade scenarios.

Second, the business opportunities are broader. Relying on ICBC's nearly 16,000 domestic outlets, 426 institutions established in 49 countries and regions around the world, and its global presence in 20 African countries through its participation in Standard Bank Group of South Africa, the platform can help foreign trade companies find solutions globally. Partners to expand business opportunities extensively.

Third, transactions are safer. The platform adopts real-name authentication for online transactions, strictly reviews customer information, and tracks order status in real time. It also provides bank-level security protection measures to ensure the safety of users' online transactions.

Fourth, payment is more efficient. With the help of ICBC's global payment and clearing network, the platform enables cross-border payments to be fully online and payment status is displayed in real time. The platform provides global 24-hour uninterrupted RMB clearing services and supports cross-border payment services in more than 20 currencies.

From the above review, we found that currently, commercial banks mainly provide services such as online cross-border payment, currency exchange, cross-border settlement, trade financing, transaction guarantee, and income and expenditure declaration for cross-border transactions.

The way banks participate in cross-border e-commerce platform business is mainly represented by the following three models:

The first is the support model. Commercial banks support third-party payment institutions, such as Bank of China's "BOC Cross-border e-Commerce", which provides anti-money laundering, foreign exchange settlement and sales, declaration, cross-border remittance and clearing and other financial services for cross-border e-commerce business scenarios of third-party payment institutions.

The second is the cooperation model. Commercial banks cooperate directly with cross-border e-commerce platforms, such as Shanghai Pudong Development Bank’s “cross-border Pudong e-commerce payment collection” business, which cooperates with the Amazon platform; China CITIC Bank’s “Domestic Cross-border E-commerce General Trade All-online Export Collection System” cooperates with Alibaba Yidatong Company.

The third is the self-operated model. Commercial banks operate self-operated cross-border e-commerce platforms, such as the ICBC e-purchase cross-border trade platform in the case. Compared with traditional e-commerce platforms, banks' self-operated cross-border e-commerce platforms have irreplaceable advantages in terms of cross-border payment settlement, policy support, and credibility. As for the ICBC "Integrated e-Shopping Cross-border Trade Platform" in the case, its natural advantages are its extensive global network and rich overseas customer resources.

As the current volume of cross-border e-commerce transactions increases and the number of participants increases, the demand for financial services in the entire industry will inevitably become diversified and comprehensive. Commercial banks urgently need to explore service upgrades, accelerate innovation and transformation, and cater to the new trade pattern as cross-border e-commerce platforms develop rapidly.

Blockchain is a decentralized database. Blockchain has the advantages of security and efficiency, which helps banks serve cross-border e-commerce platforms and share resources. Banks can use blockchain technology to ensure the security of the payment environment, strengthen transaction trust, and reduce management costs. The first is to accelerate the deployment of blockchain technology upgrades and applications, and carry out the bank's own institutional reform and departmental system reform. Second, banks combine their own strengths in trade financial services to apply blockchain. For example, banks with settlement advantages can strengthen the application of blockchain in acceptance and message sending.

Since cross-border e-commerce has the nature of international trade, when developing cross-border e-commerce financial service support business, not only Internet security risks must be considered, but also the aspects of international trade, including foreign trade economics, must be considered. Market risks such as environmental and exchange rate risks have a chain reaction on the operations of small and medium-sized enterprises on the platform. At present, affected by the rebound of the epidemic and the renewed turbulence of Brexit, industry risks are gradually increasing, and the probability of default risks is increasing. Therefore, when commercial banks provide financial service support to cross-border e-commerce, they must first conduct data analysis and background investigations to control risks within a controllable range.

To cultivate financial service talents that adapt to the development of cross-border e-commerce business, we can start from three aspects: First, banks directly recruit comprehensive talents trained by universities; second, banks train and rotate existing employees. The third is to strengthen communication and interaction between banks and cross-border e-commerce platforms.

⑹ Re-understand the blockchain: Enlightenments brought by more than 1,550 application cases

Author: Ran Wei

(This article is excerpted from "2021 Global Area Blockchain Application Market Report")

When we talk about blockchain, anyone who knows something about blockchain can more or less express some of their own opinions on related topics. . For example: from the perspective of technical system, blockchain is a new application of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm; from the perspective of functional attributes, blockchain is decentralized, unavailable andCharacteristics include tampering, leaving traces throughout the process, traceability, collective maintenance, openness and transparency.

Looking back at the history of blockchain, there is no way around Bitcoin. On January 3, 2009, the Bitcoin genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, on January 9, 2009, Bitcoin block number 1 was born. When two blocks are connected, the blockchain is "born."

The inventor of Bitcoin, whose pseudonym is “Satoshi Nakamoto”, may find it difficult to imagine: In the past 12 years, with Bitcoin as the center, a huge “cryptocurrency family” has spread all over the world. The financial market set off a "big wave" that continues to this day. During this period, innovation and risks related to cryptocurrency are intertwined, progress and bubbles coexist, and pursuit and criticism coexist, and it drives government departments of various countries to continuously improve the monetary and financial systems, social governance and supervision systems.

At the same time, the blockchain that accompanies Bitcoin is also evolving rapidly, and has long gone beyond the scope of "Bitcoin's underlying technology" and has been applied to every corner of social and economic development.

So, what mechanism does blockchain work through? What are its advantages compared to traditional technologies and models? What is its application effect? In the "2021 Global Blockchain Application Market Report" jointly released by Capital Lab and Yuanwang Think Tank, we tried to provide a certain basis for the above issues through research on more than 1,550 application cases around the world in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021. Empirical answer. At the same time, based on the study of these cases, we can establish a new understanding of blockchain: blockchain is trust, blockchain is sharing, blockchain is transaction, blockchain is substitution, and blockchain is efficiency.

In the Bitcoin creation paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Currency System", "Satoshi Nakamoto" repeatedly emphasized that Bitcoin has the characteristics of not relying on a "trusted third party". That is the characteristic of “decentralization”.

On the other hand, the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain, is precisely designed for "trust." In other words, reshaping "trust" in the digital age is the most basic function of the blockchain, but this trust has been transformed from trust between people and legal entities to trust between machines and machines. Trust between blocks and between nodes. Interestingly, the subsequent “smart contract” function has further strengthened this trust through its integration with the blockchain.

Identity coding and authentication are the first steps to achieve the above-mentioned trust mechanism, and the distributed identity (Decentralized Identity, DID) system is the core of it. With DID applications, everyone from individuals to organizations to IoT devices, from physical items to virtual products, can be given digital "identities" and achieve trusted interactions. It is for this reason that blockchain-basedOnly then can certificate deposit, empowerment, verification, circulation, and transactions be realized, and only then can blockchain be implemented in various industries.

Application cases from around the world show that new trust mechanisms provide new rules and motivation for social and economic operations:

l China is comprehensively promoting blockchain electronic certificates Applications such as "one fish, one code", "one fruit, one code", "one tea, one code" and other applications are driving the global Anti-counterfeiting traceability of agricultural products and upgrading of food safety systems;

l Through the combination of blockchain, big data, and artificial intelligence, the credit "portrait" of an enterprise is more accurate and can be obtained faster and more accurately. Lower-cost financing services;

l Charitable charity organizations have put charity funds "on the chain" to form a more transparent and standardized charity tracking and management system;

l Relevant cities in China have launched a blockchain-based gas cylinder product traceability management system, and the credibility of the source of gas cylinder file information and the level of gas cylinder safety management have been greatly improved;

l Germany is developing its distributed energy resources Assets establishes a digital registration system based on identity authentication to promote the development and trading of renewable energy and cope with the arrival of the digital energy era...

Among the three types of blockchains (public chain, alliance chain, private chain), alliance chain has been the most widely used. In addition to considerations of technical performance, operational efficiency, operability, expected results, etc., this is mainly because all parties in the alliance already have a certain foundation of trust. This also shows from another perspective that in blockchain applications beyond cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, "multi-centralization" rather than complete "decentralization" is a more realistic option.

In addition, it is undeniable that unlike the proof-of-work mechanism that Bitcoin “mining” relies on, the blockchain cannot completely ensure the integrity of the on-chain data from the source in the actual application process. Authenticity. In other words, a certain alliance member or node may provide false data intentionally or unintentionally. However, with the help of blockchain's non-tampering, traceability, multi-party consensus and other characteristics, the alliance can identify counterfeiting behavior and impose corresponding punishments, such as "kicking" the counterfeiting members from the node. Therefore, in a sense, blockchain-based trust largely establishes alliance members’ awe for the authenticity of data and deters data fraud.

If "trust" is the foundation of blockchain applications, data sharing is the core of blockchain applications. Without data sharing, there will be no cooperation, and the practical application of blockchain will be impossible.

l The State Administration of Foreign Exchange's "Cross-border Financial Blockchain Service Platform" pilot has been fully launched, through foreign exchange bureaus, taxation, banks and enterprisesThe exchange of information between relevant market entities has promoted the development of foreign trade export business;

l The "Preservation/Claims Alliance Chain" jointly established by 11 insurance companies in Taiwan has been put into operation, and each company has realized on this platform "Single application, common documents";

l Blockchain platforms such as Contour and TradeLens are reshaping the global supply chain through data collaboration among enterprises, financial institutions, shipping companies, terminals, customs and other institutions. , and provide impetus for the digital transformation of international trade….

l In China, through data collaboration, various government departments have realized "one data, one source, one source for multiple uses, one network, and full network operation";

l Through The "Judicial Chain" platform allows all types of electronic evidence to be seamlessly connected with judicial institutions such as notarization, arbitration, judicial appraisal, and courts, which improves the efficiency of the judicial system while reducing costs;

l Targeting grassroots nationwide The court's "cross-domain collaboration mechanism for trial auxiliary matters" can realize "cross-domain service and cross-domain evidence collection" between courts in different regions, effectively improving the efficiency of trial auxiliary matters and trial quality and efficiency, and reducing judicial operation costs... ….

l China's "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Combination Port" project was officially launched, which can support the interconnection and interoperability of trade parties among the five major customs jurisdictions of the Greater Bay Area and become the first connected port in the Greater Bay Area , customs, logistics, enterprise, finance and other trade processes, interconnected and shared blockchain network;

l Japan's KDDI Telecom, Hitachi, Kansai Electric Power, Sekisui Construction and other large enterprises have established blocks Chain Alliance NEXCHAIN ​​to form a cross-industry real estate information sharing and management model and promote cross-industry innovation;

l The French Renault Group completed the test of its blockchain project "XCEED" for zero Sharing compliance information between component suppliers and automakers and simplifying compliance certification….

Although the above application cases in finance, government affairs and various industries are only a few typical cases, they are enough to illustrate that: on the one hand, data sharing is an inherent requirement of blockchain applications. In terms of specific implementation, everything must start from breaking "data islands" and "information asymmetry"; on the other hand, the application practice of blockchain has in turn promoted cross-level, cross-department, cross-industry, cross-region, and cross- Data sharing and unprecedented cooperation across national borders.

It can also be seen from the above cases that based on the transparency, security, trustworthiness and other characteristics of the blockchain, data sharing allows cooperation that originally seemed impossible to be achieved, and more open innovation results; data sharing can effectively improve the operating efficiency of the business system, financial system and social governance system; various organizations promote their own organization while sharing and cooperating with external institutions.organizational change and process change.

Based on trust and sharing, "transaction" is the most intuitive and deepest manifestation of the value of blockchain applications. Currently, blockchain is opening a new chapter in the transformation of transaction models in various industries around the world.

From the perspective of functional architecture, blockchain-based transactions are by no means just a change in the transaction process. Instead, they integrate various unique functions of the blockchain. Integrated integration of blockchain applications such as logistics, payment/settlement, supply chain financing, insurance, and network security.

From the perspective of application form, blockchain-based transactions transcend the traditional concept of product or service transactions and represent the realization of the value of a wider range of data in circulation.

From the perspective of application scenarios, transactions based on blockchain involve the upgrading of the physical industry, the digital advancement of the financial industry, and the innovative application of the "token economy".

In the physical industry, take the application of agricultural blockchain as an example: on the one hand, supply chain traceability based on blockchain has become an important barrier to food safety; but on the other hand, for growers or For farmers, the supply chain traceability function is far from enough. How to help them expand the sales of agricultural products and obtain more income as much as possible is the "hard truth" for blockchain technology to continue to promote agricultural development. In other industries, the same applies.

Against the above background, new trading platforms in the global physical industry continue to emerge:

l The Indian government uses blockchain platforms to help farmers in remote areas sell agricultural products to reduce the While eliminating intermediate fees, obtain higher income;

l The Swiss company Cerealia builds a blockchain-based agricultural product trading and financing platform to promote the export of agricultural products in emerging market countries around the world;

l The world's largest independent refined sugar producer, Al Khaleej Sugar Company of the United Arab Emirates, launched DigitalSugar.io, a blockchain-based sugar product trading platform, to realize spot-based international raw sugar trading;

l Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, has launched an international timber electronic trading platform based on blockchain, which will manage the entire timber transaction process on the chain, and will provide the timber market with full industry chain services such as cloud warehouse supervision, logistics, finance, and insurance;
< br /> l Shandong Province launched the Shandong Internet Traditional Chinese Medicine Trading Platform, which will use blockchain and other technologies to achieve online integrated services of quality control, trading, payment, settlement and supervision;

l Suzhou Phase Weitang Town in the urban area has released a blockchain-based pearl online trading platform, which will store the core parameters and test reports of pearls on the chain, and will also add functions such as supply chain management, trade finance, smart contracts, payment settlement, and incentive mechanisms;

l Honeywell launched GoDirect Trade, an online trading platform for new and second-hand aircraft parts, providing a valuable reference for large manufacturers on how to apply blockchain to parts trading and circulation...

In the financial industry, blockchain is promoting the digital advancement of financial transaction business in aspects such as securities trading, asset securitization, trade financing, and cross-border settlement:

l The Australian National Stock Exchange has launched ClearPay, a digital securities trading platform based on distributed ledger technology, which can provide multi-currency, real-time DVP settlement on the same day and will replace the original exchange settlement system;

l Switzerland The company Finka has launched a related securitization token investment platform based on livestock from organic pastures in Bolivia to promote the development of the local livestock industry;

l The American company Securitize has established a Japanese real estate investment platform based on digital securities , aiming to revitalize idle real estate in rural Japan and enhance the vitality of the rural economy;

l China Postal Savings Bank and China Construction Bank completed the first cross-blockchain platform forfaiting transaction, Hua Xia Bank Kunming Branch’s first Realize forfaiting resale business in the secondary market;

l Nanjing Iron and Steel completed blockchain-based iron ore transactions with Rio Tinto of Australia and Vale of Brazil respectively;
< br /> l Baosteel Co., Ltd. and Australia's Rio Tinto completed the first blockchain-based RMB cross-border settlement transaction...

Of course, while blockchain promotes the advancement of financial transaction business, dark sides such as hype, scams, money laundering, and cyber attacks related to blockchain and cryptocurrency continue to follow. How to continue to promote financial innovation while also carrying out efficient risk prevention and control and effectively cracking down on illegal crimes is an important issue that requires long-term response. From a global perspective, China has responded with clear attitudes, strict measures, and effective measures in this regard.

The transaction changes realized by the blockchain in the real industry and financial industry are only the initial stage of the blockchain changing the traditional transaction method. The "Token Economy" is the blockchain "transaction" A higher level of functionality.

Under the framework of the "token economy", from electronic certificates to skill certificates, from credit records to public welfare activity participation records, from social media tracks to carbon emission reduction actions, when various data become When an encrypted digital proof of rights is circulated and exchangeable, it is given the function of "token".

Regardless of the investment/speculation craze of "Non-Fungible Token (NFT)", we can already see many early applications of "token economy" around the world:

l The HotCity project supported by the Austrian government uses a crowdsourcing model combined with blockchain and gamification tokens to encourage residents to submit heating waste heat hotspots to meet urban heating needs more efficiently;< br />
l Ford establishes "Green Miles" for commercial and municipal fleets using hybrid vehicles to help improve urban air quality;

l Weibin District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, in its In the blockchain industrial park project, tokens are issued based on the points system for merchants and enterprises to establish a new commercial service platform;

l Chengdu released a blockchain-based community governance product "Chain Community", Residents can earn "time bank" points on the platform through volunteer services and other activities, and exchange them for benefits and discounts provided by community merchants;

l Global non-profit organization "Mobile Open Blockchain Plan" The Electric Vehicle Charging Network Working Group (EVGI) launches a global standard system for decentralized vehicle charging technology, covering the Tokenized Carbon Credit (TCC) scenario;

l Blockchain reward platform MiL. k cooperates with a Korean retailer to provide blockchain-based points management services to its members. Members can convert existing points into local MLK tokens through the MiL.k platform, or exchange them into other third-party points...

As can be seen from the above cases and more, the "token economy" has several distinctive features:

The "token economy" gives assets to a wider range of data Attributes and tradable attributes, and through cross-domain and cross-platform mutual trust and circulation, can improve the operating efficiency of the entire social and economic system;

"Token economy" is a new value creation and The realization process does not necessarily use currency directly as the medium of exchange, but is more reflected in the exchange, mutual benefit and reallocation of various elements and resources;

"Token economy" is often combined with incentive mechanisms. At the same time, through incentives for "good people and good deeds", "good companies" and "good institutions", the social value system and social credit system will be effectively reshaped.

Generally speaking, the "token economy" will spawn new production factors, reshape production relations, and greatly liberate social productivity; the "token economy" represents the direction of the "information Internet" The evolution of the "Internet of Value" indicates the most exciting future of the digital economy; the "token economy" based on the blockchain has begun to take shape and has begun to bring changes to economic operations, social governance, and everyone's lifestyle. Continuously visible change. All types of institutions and individuals should be mentally and physically prepared for this change.

Like other new technologies, blockchain has many challenges during its application and popularization.Substitution effects continue to occur in terms of platforms, media, models, methods, etc.: physical documents are replaced by electronic documents, credit records are replaced by certificates, manual review is replaced by data verification, and urban management platforms are replaced by "city brains"...

Such substitutions have become the norm:

l Argentina’s central bank has begun a proof-of-concept for a new blockchain clearing system, which may replace the existing clearing system;< br />
l Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO) expanded its blockchain digital gift certificate business to replace paper gift certificates and achieved record revenue despite a sharp decline in the issuance of banknotes and coins. Improvement;

l Courts across China have begun to use blockchain electronic seals to replace traditional paper seals in the enforcement of real estate seizures;

l The Shanghai court system is using artificial intelligence , the adoption of new technologies such as blockchain, and explore the use of digital court trial records to replace manual court trial transcripts;

l The Japanese company SUSMED launched a "Clinical Data Monitoring System Demonstration Using Blockchain Technology" pilot, indicating that the drug Or the necessary monitoring process in clinical trials of medical equipment can be replaced by a blockchain system;

l Alipay and Wukong Car Rental have cooperated to launch a "face-swiping" car rental service, which uses blockchain technology and credit-free security mode, tourists can rent a car by simply "swiping their face" and return the vehicle through mobile phone operations;

l Under the new crown epidemic, local governments in China have intensively launched "non-face-to-face" vehicles that combine blockchain technology ", no contact, zero errands" government service has replaced the traditional offline service method, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of remote bidding, "cloud" customs clearance, financial support, resumption of work and production, etc. during the epidemic... .

In addition, we can also see that through the use of blockchain technology, various enterprise-level services are also realizing substitution and evolution: from paper contracts to electronic contracts, to program-based, Blockchain contracts that can automatically execute smart contracts. Blockchain is pushing contract signing into the era of "chain signing"; from offline human resources companies to online human resources platforms to the blockchain-based human resources market , global human resources services have experienced continuous changes from the 1.0 era to the 2.0 era, and then to the 3.0 era.

Generally speaking, when the blockchain "invades" various industries, it will "mercilessly" delete all unnecessary links and processes, all unnecessary manual operations, and accelerate the The era of paperless, unmanned and automated is coming.

In the process of our analysis of more than 1,550 blockchain application cases around the world, words like "improve", "accelerate", "shorten", "lower", "reduce", "save", " words like "save"Collects frequently appear before our eyes. These words show that the improvement of efficiency is the common pursuit of all parties involved in blockchain applications and is also the most direct result of the substitution effect of blockchain.

Numerous application practices are contributing to this:

l Kenyan company Shamba Records provides blockchain traceability, transaction and financing services to farmers in the country, currently covering more than 6,000 Small farmers and helped them increase their income by at least 40%;

l TradeWaltz, a blockchain trading platform invested by NTT DATA, Mitsubishi and other companies, completed a trial run, and the results showed that the platform can reduce traditional 50% of the workload of the trade process;

l Walmart Canada has significantly reduced invoice disputes with carriers by 97% through the application of the DL Freight blockchain platform;

l The State Grid Corporation of China’s power transaction certificate traceability inquiry platform has been put into operation, automating the entire authenticity review process for registered users and saving 99% of trusted manual review time;

l COSCO Shipping Lines and Shandong Port Group Qingdao Port have cooperated to launch a blockchain paperless import and delivery model, which can save customers nearly 24 hours on average per container;

l Taizhou, Zhejiang uses "materials" The "Internet + Blockchain" recycling system solves the problem of marine pollution control. Compared with traditional processing methods, this recycling system can save 94% of labor costs and 84% of operating costs...

In summary, through the joint action of trust mechanism, sharing mechanism and transaction mechanism, blockchain has formed an obvious substitution effect, improved the operational efficiency of finance, government affairs and various industries, and will Continue to create systemic change. This change is reshaping the relationship between people and machines, people and society, and people and the environment, and clearly points to three ultimate goals: efficiency, well-being, and environmental protection.

⑺ Understand the blockchain in one article (with a list of 5 dark horses with doubling potential) -

What is the blockchain?
Blockchain is a chain composed of blocks one after another. Each block stores a certain amount of information, and they are connected into a chain in the order in which they were generated. This chain is saved in all servers. As long as one server in the entire system can work, the entire blockchain is safe. The idea of ​​blockchain came about when Bitcoin was launched with the aim of creating a completely decentralized electronic cash system that would allow users to transfer funds without the need for any financial institution. This decentralized nature of Bitcoin has led many companies to explore blockchain technology for their respective industries. In addition to finance, blockchain technology is also used in marketing, logistics, and supply chain sectors.

Let’s sort out 5 dark horses with doubling potential:
(1) Digital Authentication
The company is a leading enterprise in the domestic electronic authentication industry. Cryptography technology is the company’s basic core technology and is also the core technology of the blockchain. Based on the cryptographic technology it masters, the company actively develops blockchain solutions;
(2) Digital Government Communication
The company is an e-government solution provider focusing on digital city management and land and resources management; In terms of blockchain, the company has established a special research institute to break down the barriers between government departments and establish a safe and trustworthy data chain. It also strengthens coordination among departments and forms capabilities in sunshine law enforcement and other aspects;
(3) HKUST Guochuang
The company is committed to the research and development and application of cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence; the company integrates data intelligence, blockchain and other technologies, and combines industry application scenarios to provide international customers with blockchain technology Traceability application of agricultural products, and developed the "Guochuang Blockchain BaaS Platform", and is currently vigorously promoting the application of Guochuang Blockchain BaaS platform in relevant domestic scenarios;
(4) Hengyin Technology
Company It is the leading provider of smart banking solutions in China with financial self-service equipment as its core; in order to ensure the security and confidentiality of transaction information, ATMs will apply blockchain-related technologies in the future, and the company is embarking on the development of blockchain-related technologies. Research and development; business income does not include direct business income generated by the application of blockchain technology research and development results;
(5) Tianji Technology
The leading third-party service provider in data center IT infrastructure The company; currently, the blockchain management platform in cooperation with Zhejiang Mobile has just been launched and is in the pilot stage. The company will continue to conduct in-depth research on blockchain technology and continue to follow up on the blockchain management platform in order to promote more business data on the chain.