区块链带来改变的原因,区块链带来什么改变

随着科技的进步，区块链技术的出现，改变了人们的认知，促进了社会的发展。区块链技术有助于解决传统社会中存在的问题，为社会带来了一系列的改变。

首先，区块链技术可以提高数据的安全性。区块链技术可以将数据分散存储，利用数据的分布式特性，使数据免受黑客的攻击，从而保护数据的安全性。同时，区块链技术还可以通过智能合约来保护数据的完整性，确保数据的准确性和可靠性。

其次，区块链技术可以改善传统金融系统的效率。传统金融系统中的交易需要经过多个中间机构的复杂审核才能完成，复杂的审核程序和繁琐的文书工作降低了交易的效率。而区块链技术可以通过去中心化的方式，将数据存储在分布式账本上，从而减少中间机构的审核程序，提高交易的效率。

此外，区块链技术还可以改善传统社会的信任机制。传统社会中，信任是建立在中心化机构的基础上的，而区块链技术可以将信任的建立基础转移到分布式的账本上，通过对数据的加密和记录，使信任机制更加可靠和安全。

最后，区块链技术还可以改善传统社会的资源分配机制。传统社会中，资源分配机制受到中心化机构的控制，而区块链技术可以通过去中心化的方式，将资源分配机制转移到分布式账本上，使资源分配更加公平、透明、可靠。

总之，区块链技术可以改变传统社会中的数据安全性、效率、信任机制和资源分配机制，为社会带来了一系列的改变。区块链技术的出现，为社会发展带来了新的机遇，也带来了新的挑战，未来的发展将取决于我们如何利用这项技术。

1. What is blockchain technology and how it changes business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology , which allows multiple participants to jointly maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record on a decentralized network. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

2. The impact of blockchain on the future

Blockchain Chain is an epoch-making and revolutionary innovative technology that will profoundly affect and even change everything we are familiar with in all aspects. So will a large number of jobs disappear from the world? I think back then, the birth of computers also took away many people's jobs. On the other hand, it created a lot of new opportunities and new positions. "Programmers" are familiar to everyone. Software and its surrounding industries have formed a very large-scale industry, and the number of new jobs created is astronomical.. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain development company, welcomes exchanges and cooperation.

As is the case with computers, so will be the case with blockchain. As this technology becomes more popular, bank employees may lose their jobs, and the bank itself may disappear. When today's children grow up, there may no longer be a need to "go to the bank to do errands", as everything can be done with a mobile phone. In fact, the post office is a classic example. I believe that many of today’s young people don’t know what a “post office” is. Today's post office may be tomorrow's bank.

In order to catch up with the blockchain trend, many people are keen to invest in various "virtual encrypted digital currencies". They have also invested so much real money, but they don't even know what the supporting blockchain technology is. I don’t know, this kind of blind investment is tantamount to gambling. Nowadays, the market prices of various virtual encrypted digital currencies, including Bitcoin, generally suffer from excessive fluctuations. You can make huge profits and lose money in an instant, and products with this kind of characteristics are often extremely unreliable, and the investment value is extremely low. Today, those who are keen on "virtual digital currency" transactions seem to think that they are smarter than the government and have the ability to play with a so-called "currency" that is not authorized by the state machinery without having to bear the consequences. , or even make a lot of money. However, the state machine is, after all, a state machine, the law is, after all, the law, and the rules of the game are, after all, the rules of the game. Trying to challenge the country is tantamount to mantis trying to take advantage of the situation.

Just think about what would happen if the government banned the trading and use of virtual digital currencies. No country will tolerate a challenge to the status of its sovereign currency, which will cause huge chaos in a country's financial order. In the world of virtual digital currency, whether it is the preservation, management and use of currency, or supervision, coordination and maintenance, everything is carried out in computers and cyberspace. China, in particular, is even considering issuing a sovereign digital currency based on blockchain technology by its central bank. Over the years, the “cashless” nature of Chinese society has developed to an astonishing degree. Mobile payments are so ubiquitous that it’s difficult to use cash even when taking a taxi. Therefore, cash is likely to disappear or be infinitely close to disappearing in China in the near future.

This background creates excellent conditions for the central bank to issue digital currency. The popularity of digital currency has many benefits for the government. Due to the traceability of blockchain technology, anyone and any details of any transaction will be completely invisible to the central bank. This can greatly solve many financial industries, such as money laundering, tax evasion, gray income, etc. With digital currency, the interactive relationship between the government and the people may be more permeable. For example, if your child buys too many game software or books that are inappropriate for his age, parents may receive text message reminders so that you can educate and manage your children in a timely manner. There is still a lot that sovereign digital currencies can do. Even the details of life such as eating too greasy, drinking too much, smoking too much, etc. are included in the government's refined management.And greatly promote the well-being of citizens and society as a whole. Even privacy will come to the fore, and the process of solving this problem will be in sync with the development process of society itself.

All of this can only happen in computers and cyberspace. This is the basic characteristic of digital currency. Even so, ordinary digital currencies and sovereign digital currencies are two different things. In other words, sovereign digital currencies are government actions and the product of state machinery, while general digital currencies such as Bitcoin do not have this property. Therefore, it is absolutely a huge misunderstanding to regard government actions’ support for blockchain technology and sovereign digital currencies as investment opportunities for Bitcoin or other virtual digital currencies.

3. What changes will block changes lead to in subsequent nodes?

The blockchain uses a P2P network, and all nodes are equal. If the local blockchain is modified, it needs to be propagated to all nodes, and the consistency protocol stipulates that more than half of the results can be supported.

This greatly increases the cost of tampering. Tampering with transactions will cause the root of the Merkel tree to change, which will lead to block changes; and block changes will cause the "hash value of the previous block" of subsequent nodes to change, thus leading to changes in the entire chain; to change the tampered Synchronizing the blockchain to all peer-to-peer network nodes is almost impossible due to the limitations of the consensus protocol.

Blockchain (English: blockchain or block chain) is an intelligent peer-to-peer network that uses a distributed database to identify, disseminate and record information, also known as the Internet of Value. Satoshi Nakamoto proposed the concept of "blockchain" in the "Bitcoin White Paper" in 2008, founded the Bitcoin Social Network in 2009, and developed the first block, the "Genesis Block".

The summary is as follows:

The blockchain shared value system was first imitated by many cryptocurrencies, and was combined with the algorithm in proof of work. Improvements have been made on it, such as the adoption of proof-of-stake and SCrypt algorithms. Subsequently, the blockchain ecosystem continued to evolve around the world, with the emergence of initial coin offerings (ICO); smart contract blockchain Ethereum.

An asset-tokenized sharing economy with “light ownership and heavy usage rights”; and blockchain country. People are leveraging this shared value system to develop decentralized computer applications (Dapp) in various industries.

Build decentralized autonomous organizations and decentralized autonomous communities (Decentralized autonomous society, DAS) around the world.

4. The future development prospects of blockchain will profoundly affect three aspects

Blockchain will bring great changes to the human world It is still unknown how much technological impact it will bring, but industry, academia and research generally believe that currently we have only seen the tip of the iceberg of the potential value of blockchain! BlockchainTechnology will not only change technology and reshape industries, but also shake the existing order, traditional rules and value systems of human society. As blockchain technology gradually matures, it is foreseeable that blockchain will show the following development trends.

Zero-knowledge proof

Blockchain is very transparent in nature. Any node running in the blockchain network can view and download all data stored in the ledger. Blockchain combines zero-knowledge proof technology to allow users and businesses to use private data to execute smart contracts without revealing specific data content.

Artificial Intelligence

Blockchain can serve as the foundation for decentralized markets and a coordination platform for various artificial intelligence components, including data, algorithms, and computing power. This could lead to new levels of innovation and use of artificial intelligence. Blockchain will also make such decisions more transparent, explainable and trustworthy. Since all data on the blockchain is public, artificial intelligence will become the basis for providing anti-counterfeiting and privacy protection.

Internet of Things

Blockchain can add a layer of accountability and security to IoT data, becoming the future driver of IoT efficiency, scalability and standardization By. For example, in healthcare, blockchain-enabled IoT devices will allow patients to control access to the data collected by these devices. This technology will make devices more resistant to cyberattacks and provide a detailed record of when another party accessed data. In supply chains, blockchain-based systems, powered by smart contracts, can automate payments based on specific conditions measured by IoT sensors.

The arrival of the blockchain era has revealed the future development trends of various industries, and the increasingly mature technology of blockchain has gradually entered a period of expansion. I believe that in the near future, it will definitely produce greater economic benefits for society.

5. Under the Internet of Everything, what does the blockchain bring to us

The transmission of Internet information is used in business reception, culture and education, diagnosis and treatment, finance, industry and agriculture, etc. The field has been widely used and developed in depth, driving the integration of many stages such as manufacturing, sales, operations, and management methods. At the same time, it has promoted the progress of online games, IT, news media, tourism and other related industries. The overall information management solution combined with the network has also demonstrated positive significance in the fields of public security agencies, securities, transportation and travel.

Internet technology has become an indispensable part of everyone's daily life. Internet technology is widely used in real life. On the Internet, everyone can chat, play games, view items, etc. More importantly, you can also advertise and buy things on the Internet. Internet technology brings great convenience to our daily lives. On the Internet, people can search for their academic and career needs in the data knowledge base system to assist them in their work and study. Computers can be used for multimedia learning, playing games, watching TV series, reading information, and checkingFind information. But if you overdo it, there will be disadvantages, just like I am still at home online and not sleeping at night.

6. Can blockchain change 10 cases of existing business

This article introduces the current 10 main usage scenarios of blockchain:

(1) Tracking the world Products in the supply chain;

is a typical usage scenario of blockchain technology in security traceability. It can promote information tracking, query, verification and anti-counterfeiting of commodity circulation, and can significantly improve the efficiency of some links. However, the role of the blockchain can only be reflected in the chain, but it cannot cover the parts operated by people below the chain.

(2) Guarantee 3D printing quality and tracking;

(3) Create personalized and lifelong “one-stop” medical records;

Blockchain healthcare can track anyone’s complete medical history, such as medications , illnesses, injuries, and transactions across health systems, physicians, pharmacies, and health plans, and empowering patients to control their own data. Blockchain can also transfer insurance payments: smart contracts can automatically trigger insurance provisions when a clinic confirms a patient has received treatment, and prevent fraudulent or inaccurate claims. Some startups, such as the UK's Medicalchain, blockchain company Gem, MIT and other companies and universities are experimenting with this use.

(4) Simplify trade logistics;

Traditional trade involves complex import and export procedures, and all participants in the entire chain require a large number of paper documents to interact, resulting in high communication costs. Blockchain can optimize this system. Maersk and IBM have created a platform that integrates services such as liner, warehouse, freight forwarding, ports, customs, exporters, importers and trade finance banks into the trade ecosystem, on a data exchange platform running on the blockchain interoperate.

(5) Facilitate and secure customs trade;

Blockchain has been tested in many customs departments, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the 15-nation East African Group. In 2017, U.S. Customs developed 14 use cases for blockchain, which are currently being tested and evaluated. Blockchain will be particularly useful for the UK: when the UK leaves the EU customs union, its number of customs declarations will increase from 55 million to over 250 million (non-EU trade plus EU trade, which previously did not require customs documents), which is currently the case with UK software The program cannot fully handle it. Blockchain can help: It can trace the origins of products and help determine the origin and appropriate tariffs for goods, such as those destined to join the European Union’s tariff package. For the UK’s 28 border agencies, imported products such as food, safety and intellectual property compliance need to be analyzed, and blockchain projects can be shared securely and transparently in real time.

(6) Prevent voting fraud and protect voter identities;

Blockchain security and identity protection features can reduce fraud and encourage voters to believe their votes are anonymous,

increase turnout and make elections more immediate . Using the technology, voters can scan their thumbs with their smartphones and cast their ballots during their Election Day commute. If everyIndividuals vote via the blockchain and no one can vote twice. Voting records are inviolable, and the ID of each ballot is recorded instantly at every polling location.

(7) Launch crop insurance for farmers;

Crop insurance customized to specific farmer needs is often very expensive, and blockchain technology can reduce costs by determining trigger conditions and automating execution. For example, farmers can insure against extreme weather. If extreme weather affects a harvest, a blockchain-based insurance contract would immediately recognize this and pay the farmer’s claim.

Establishing a network of energy producers and users;

Decades ago, some companies introduced smart grids to provide intermediary services for energy producers and demanders. Now, blockchain can optimize smart grids and provide energy producers and consumers with a regional intermediary energy trading platform. TenneT and Brooklyn-based startup LO3 Energy are both trying this business.

(9) Create smart cities that can operate independently;

Blockchain can now amplify the impact of Douyou IoT on city operations. For example, Dubai has a pilot project to implement blockchain in city services. Dubai plans to use blockchain for more than 100 million annual government documents by 2020, including all visa applications, bill payments and license renewals.

(10) Automatic payment to the exporter when the goods arrive at the foreign buyer;

Blockchain changes the information asymmetry in existing international trade by allowing both parties to the transaction to access the same data and real-time digital files question. There is no need to store multiple copies of the same document across different databases for different entities. When goods arrive marked by sensors connected to the smart contract, a transfer of money from the buyer to the seller is automatically triggered.

2. Ten major problems currently faced by the blockchain industry and their analysis

2.1. Is the data on the blockchain really immutable?

Can one of the core features of blockchain, "anti-tampering", really be realized? And is "tamper-proof" really beneficial?

The report pointed out that the blockchain is not completely immutable, and gave three weaknesses of the blockchain:

(2) It may be hacked, and 51% of the chain is controlled by people who want to tamper with the results.

(3) The "garbage of garbage" problem has existed for centuries. The value of a blockchain depends on the data on the chain, and data entered into the blockchain may be inaccurate or fraudulent. One solution is to use sensors instead of manually entering data.

The so-called "51% attack" is to take advantage of computing power to cancel payment transactions that have already occurred. If someone has more than 50% of the computing power, he can find the random numbers needed to mine the block faster than others, so he actually has the absolute and effective right to decide which block. From a technical level, a 51% attack is achievable, but the cost is very high for the earliest cryptocurrencies such as BTC. They have built a huge network, which is why BTC’s network has remained stable for 10 years. reason. But with other counterfeit currencies, the risk is greater.

In addition, the attacker simply launches 5The 1% attack has no direct benefits and must be linked to specific short selling and false recharge. Specifically, it is often a double spend on a certain transaction. The attacker stops attacking once. Continuous attacks are costly and will stop once successful; second, the community can issue an emergency pudding and add checkpoints to the blockchain. The community urgently agreed that the attacker’s blockchain was invalid. Therefore, there are many ways to deal with the 51% attack, and it will not be the end of the world for a blockchain.

2.2. Who owns and maintains the blockchain? And who asked about the appearance?

Responsible for problems and losses?

Since the blockchain is a decentralized user community, who will maintain it? Shouldn’t it require human adjustment and maintenance just like a website?

For permissioned chains, such as alliance chains and private chains, there is no need for incentives such as tokens to motivate people to manage, there is a manager who manages the entire network. Since there are fewer users in the network, coordination costs are relatively low. However, such networks are susceptible to security challenges, and as the number of network users increases, coordination costs will increase.

For consortium chains and private chains, since they are still very centralized organizations, the verification nodes are identified by the organization itself, so the management model is not very different from traditional centralized institutions. However, for public chains, there is no leader who coordinates the entire network system, and only relies on token incentives to coordinate different interest groups, which undoubtedly increases the instability of the entire ecosystem. At present, the development of the blockchain industry is in a very early stage. In addition to the relatively mature decentralized governance of BTC, in the governance of public chains such as ETH and EOS, the founder development team plays a very core role and is the "rules" of the public chain. "Maker", although the entire ecosystem has achieved partial decentralization, the founders still play a pivotal role in the direction of strategic development. Therefore, the author believes that the decentralization of blockchain can only be an ultimate goal that is constantly approaching. From the birth of the project to its maturity, its degree of decentralization should continue to increase, as shown in the figure below. In the early stages of project development, the founder and his development team play an absolute guiding role in the entire ecosystem. As the project ecosystem matures and the number of participants continues to increase, the original development team should gradually weaken its guiding role. The entire network maintenance needs to be decided jointly by all developers and users in the ecosystem. As for the final network problems, they can only be borne by all participants.

Figure: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the degree of centralization and development stages of blockchain projects

2.3. Are smart contracts really smart?

The second reason why smart contracts are not yet that smart is that their entries can be manipulated by evil actors, such as contracting parties or miners who add transaction records to the blockchain's ledger of past transactions. One study showed that 3.4% of ETH smart contracts are vulnerable to hackers.

Smart contracts can indeed optimize many intermediate programs, but judging from current industry practice, they are far from being called smart. A qualified smart contract should include all possible scenarios. Because the core essence of smart contracts is that "even in the darkest environment, but also to make the most fair ruling."

The difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is that Ethereum is Turing complete, and more types of contracts with more complex terms can be realized through this platform. Of course, this The cost is that complex contract content makes it more difficult to analyze. Typically, complexity is directly proportional to the probability of a vulnerability; the higher the complexity, the greater the probability of a vulnerability.

For The concept proposed by Ethereum is "code is law." However, the code has attracted hacker attacks due to its own vulnerabilities, so it is not enough to form a "legal" authority. Therefore, compared with the traditional need for government trust and endorsement, and coordination by intermediaries such as lawyers and courts, The current contract seems too crude.

2.4. Is there identity theft on the blockchain?

3% of social media accounts are fake, so can fake accounts be created on the blockchain? Will identities on the blockchain be stolen?

Blockchain can create a personal database for users whose data cannot be tampered with, but how to meet the user's "tampering" needs? This may be one of the challenges in the development of blockchain technology Paradox, for user needs, we may need to expand from the perspective of on-chain standards and permission management.

2.5. Can blockchains be connected to each other?

A blockchain records entities or entities in one way user’s data, while another blockchain records the same data for the same entity or user in another way. A fragmented system in which multiple ledgers are not connected to each other creates a world of “operational silos,” or "Data island". Users need to register for multiple systems at the same time to conduct transactions with different people for different purposes.

In view of the value transfer needs of different chains, cross-chain technology is the key, which can effectively connect different alliance chains or private chain to promote the outward expansion and connection of blockchain. The current mainstream cross-chain technologies include notary schemes, sidechains/relays, hash-locking, distributed private Distributed private key control (Distributed private key control), etc.

2.6. How does the blockchain connect to the off-chain database?

If one party’s data and documents are off-chain, and the other party’s data and documents are on the chain, then Can the two parties interact? Can half of the company's data on the blockchain interact with the other half of the company's database?

These challenges are well known and are being addressed. For example, they can The same queries and analytics are run in on-chain and off-chain databases. The risk is that data brought from on-chain to off-chain is no longer immutable, and researchers recognize data security as well as aggregation, transformation and optimization of on-chain and off-chain data Collection is a major challenge.

2.7. Can blockchain facilitate money laundering?

Money laundering is a huge global problem, amounting to 1-2 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 2% of the total global GDP - 5%. Banks and authorities are fighting back, spending approximately $8 billion annually to combat corruption. Banks around the world require KYC verification.

Due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain, especially the emergence of anonymous coins, BTC has been criticized by many people as a tool for money laundering. However, the anonymity of BTC is only anonymity on the chain. The interaction between people and the chain, and the interaction between BTC and legal currency will leave traces, and it is not as "lawless" as many media have promoted. Each BTC transaction requires the transfer of a corresponding address, and the transaction records of the address can be queried. In addition, the exchange of BTC and legal currency is conducted off-chain and cannot escape supervision. If the actual identity of any party in the transaction is exposed, then all parties involved in the transaction will have difficulty escaping recourse.

2.8. Will the blockchain consume all the energy in the world?

BTC has an amazing energy demand. Operating Bitcoin for one year requires the energy consumption of Ireland for one year. Because BTC’s POW consensus mechanism requires miners to mine for transaction verification. There are concerns that as the network increases and the value of BTC rises, energy demand will grow rapidly. In fact, miners themselves have incentives to prevent this from happening, and the scalability of the blockchain is limited by availability, energy costs, and the miners' own financial resources. The current alternative is the POS consensus mechanism. The POS mechanism selects validators based on the number of currency holders.

In fact, it can be seen that except for the early batch of cryptocurrencies headed by BTC, the vast majority of current blockchain projects have taken into account the disadvantages of POW and are constantly innovating consensus mechanisms to avoid excessive consumption of energy. Therefore, blockchain is not enough to cause such a huge consumption of energy.

2.9. Will blockchain take our jobs?

Regarding blockchain, if people can trade directly with each other, what impact will blockchain have on intermediaries such as banks and lawyers? Blockchain is unlikely to be a job killer; it will, like any technology, change the nature of work by changing companies’ business and revenue models.

When artificial intelligence becomes popular, people will continue to ask questions like this. On the one hand, we enjoy the convenience that technology brings to us, but on the other hand, we are worried that technology will replace us. The biggest challenge of blockchain is not the technology itself, but changing the traditional profit distribution model. Blockchain technology can remove certain intermediary links, break the monopoly of many resources by centralized institutions, and thus change the interest pattern. This is also the most revolutionary point of blockchain.

2.10. Is the United States lagging behind in the development of the blockchain industry?

Globally, the blockchain industry in the United States is still in its infancy. Deloitte surveyed 1,053 executives in financial services, healthcare, technology industries, telecommunications, manufacturing and other industries in 2018. According to the survey, only 14% of American respondents believe that blockchain is used in their production, compared with 49% in China, 48% in Mexico, 40% in the United Kingdom, and 36% in Canada. Plans also lag: 41% of U.S. companies plan to invest $1 million or more in blockchain, and 85% in China%, including 74% in Canada, 72% in the United Kingdom, and 65% in Mexico.

According to the "Blockchain China-U.S. Development White Paper" released by Silicon Valley Insight, North America is comparable to Asia in terms of the number of ICOs. In terms of financing amount, North America is far ahead with 7.85 billion. Therefore, the United States, as a major country in North America, is not lagging behind at all. On the contrary, it is still leading in many aspects.

《Harnessing Blockchain for American Business and Prosperity》

http://forex.hexun.com/2018-06-17/193222543.html

https://jiahao..com/s? id=1606478434369770769&wfr=spider&for=pc

Introduction to Tianjige: Tianjige (LD Research) was established on July 2, 2018. It is a company dedicated to exploring the unknown of science and technology, taking human development as the driving force, and taking "BASE Research for Solving Real" Problems" as the purpose of the research institute.

This article comes from Babbitt

Related questions and answers: What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?

In recent years, due to the virtual digital With currency speculation booming, blockchain, as its underlying technology, has also begun to receive widespread attention. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, collective maintenance, and reliable storage. It is currently widely used in the field of virtual currency.

Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared in the world, and a huge industrial chain ecosystem has been formed around the generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far away from the real value use area. The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational forms, so it is necessary to obtain practical examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models used by blockchain in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.

First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:

Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.

Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:

Traditional networks can achieve point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot achieve point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, the networkNetwork to achieve accounting without relying on a centralized organization. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The use of blockchain

There are currently two main modes of blockchain use:

1) Native blockchain use: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology to realize value Transmission and transaction use, such as digital currency;

2) "Blockchain +" model: combine traditional scenarios with the underlying protocol of the blockchain to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the use of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.

Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become the business model used by blockchain in various industries.

Blockchain + Bank

1. Cross-border payment

Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for retail small amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially with the rise of cross-border e-commerce in recent years, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.

The role of blockchain:

The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees, and increases transaction transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.

2. Supply chain finance

The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other characteristics into supply chain finance, and does not require third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate various relevant credentials in the supply chain. authenticity, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.

3. Digital Bills

The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-term problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling many", which have brought risks to the bill financing business of the banking industry.

The role of blockchain:

The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain include:It effectively solves the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, the blockchain solves the problem of double spending and avoids "one ticket selling more than one". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues bill chain products to provide bill financing services based on blockchain to solve the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industry Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.

Blockchain + Securities

1. Asset Securitization

Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization. It can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of the underlying issues of institutions in the transaction chain. Asset trust issues. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance and partners including Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.

Blockchain + Insurance

1. Insurance Business

The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: it is difficult for users to choose insurance products that suit them, while insurance institutions Face the risk of insurance fraud.

The role of blockchain:

The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject information is managed uniformly on the blockchain , cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.

2. Credit information management

The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and a lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, there are also problems in how to guarantee the data collection process. User privacy issues.

The role of blockchain:

Blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit data sharing can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting user privacy. And verification. For example, Ping An’s blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also conducting joint credit reporting., exploration of security certificate storage and other aspects.

As a basic technology, blockchain has great use value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realize Point-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.

The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry uses to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new usage scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.

It is expected that the use of blockchain will first start in the pan-financial field that has high requirements for credit, efficiency, and security: the financial industry pays more attention to efficiency and security, and blockchain has a high degree of matching with its pain points, and can be used for Systematically solve trust issues, efficiency issues, default risks, etc. that exist in all aspects of financial services; blockchain’s attributes such as “transaction, certificate storage, and traceability” are more likely to generate value in the financial industry. At the same time, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and small progress can bring huge benefits.

Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data Applications such as services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.

7. What benefits does the application of blockchain technology bring to enterprises?

Blockchain classification:

1 Private chain

It refers to a blockchain with certain centralized control. Just using the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting, it can be a company or an individual, with exclusive write permission to the blockchain. This chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. The only participating nodes are the users themselves, and data access and use are subject to strict permission management. Since the alliance chain has certain centralized control, it can also be considered to belong to the category of private chain.

Features: Since the user has the final say, the data inside has no characteristics that cannot be changed, and there is not much protection for third parties. Generally used for internal audit. The vice president of technology at Huobi Network believes that private chains do have a large number of scenarios that can meet the needs of the real world. Limited decentralization makes it easier to reach consensus, can make transactions faster and more efficient, and can provide more controlled function. Decentralization is the core value of blockchain technology. If the private chain cannot fully utilize the decentralized trust foundation constructed by the public chain in practice, its development space will be limited.

2 Public Chain

Public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present. It refers to a blockchain like the Bitcoin blockchain that is completely decentralized and not controlled by any institution. Any individual or group in the world can send a transaction, and the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Participants in the consensus process passCryptographic techniques and built-in economic incentives maintain database security.

Features: Completely open, uncontrolled, relying on encryption technology to ensure security.

3 Alliance Chain

A certain group designates multiple pre-selected nodes as bookkeepers. The generation of each block is jointly decided by all pre-selected nodes. Other access nodes You can participate in transactions, but you are not involved in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but it becomes distributed accounting. How many pre-selected nodes and how to decide the accountant of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain) , anyone else can make limited queries through the blockchain’s open API.

The nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof of work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a certain blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus.

Prospects:

The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This kind of The impact of the driving force on society and the promotion of economic activities are also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, hoping that this brand-new technology will be used by various industries and better benefit all industries. .

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus reserve mechanism is a mathematical algorithm in the blockchain system to establish trust and obtain rights and interests between different nodes.

8. It can increase the price of graphics cards and there is a global electricity shortage. What exactly is blockchain and why can it change the world?

It is very likely that the word blockchain technology that everyone is paying attention to is the most popular one. This is partly due to the fact that Bitcoin soared to 100,000 yuan in 2017, and the stock price of Xunlei Resources, which built Wanke Cloud with blockchain technology, increased 4 times. This shows that other things and all companies can only get involved. The term blockchain technology has become an instant hit without exception. The term digital currency is gradually gaining popularity among the people, and as it happens, there are usually "coin mining" and "digital currency".

Blockchain technology is different. You can buy and sell directly with sellers. As long as everyone follows the principle of paying once and delivering goods, there will be no problem. In this way, the middleman is eliminated, the stock trading time is greatly shortened, and the entire process is efficient and practical. There will even be no payment failure in the Alipay wallet in the early morning of Double Eleven, and the transaction information of the two parties can only be known to each other. The sensitive transaction information between each other will not be known to third parties, thus ensuring the protection of personal information.

9. What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models? According to reports, since the end of March, the tour guide team led by Yang Feihu has continued to receive individual tourists from out of town.According to Yang Feihu, "There are many families traveling to Wuhan from other places. Several families come together by car or by taking the high-speed train." Yang Feihu said that the Yellow Crane Tower, Hubei Provincial Museum, and East Lake Scenic Area are still places to check in. "It's hard to get a ticket for the Hubei Provincial Museum now, and all the seats for the May Day period have been reserved." He and a number of parents looking for relatives went to Shuidun Town, Zijin County, Heyuan City, Heyuan City. Because Zhang Weiping once confessed that this was the place where Aunt Mei lived, and it was also the place where 8 of the 9 abducted children in the "Aunt Mei Case" were sold.