区块链需要数据中心吗知乎,区块链需要数据中心吗为什么
随着区块链技术的发展，越来越多的人开始关注区块链是否需要数据中心。在这里，我们将详细讨论这个问题，以便更好地理解区块链技术。
首先，我们来看看区块链是什么。区块链是一种分布式账本技术，它可以记录所有账户的交易记录，并且不受中心化机构的影响。因此，它可以提供安全可靠的账户数据管理服务。
其次，我们来看看区块链是否需要数据中心。答案是肯定的。区块链技术需要数据中心来存储和管理数据，以及支持区块链网络的运行。数据中心可以提供高可用性、高安全性和可扩展性，从而支持区块链网络的可靠性。
此外，数据中心还可以支持区块链网络中的重要功能，如节点发现、网络拓扑、节点维护和智能合约的部署。此外，数据中心还可以支持区块链网络的安全性，以确保交易的安全性。
最后，我们来看看数据中心如何支持区块链网络的可靠性。数据中心可以提供可靠的网络服务，支持区块链网络的可靠性。此外，数据中心还可以支持节点的发现、网络拓扑和节点维护，从而提高网络的可靠性。
总之，区块链需要数据中心。数据中心可以提供高可用性、高安全性和可扩展性，从而支持区块链网络的可靠性。同时，数据中心还可以支持区块链网络中的重要功能，以及支持网络的安全性。因此，数据中心是实现区块链技术的重要组成部分，为区块链技术的发展提供了重要的支持。
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⑴ 10 important terms you need to know about blockchain! It is necessary to take a look
1. Smart contract
A smart contract is a computer protocol designed to spread, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner. Smart contracts allow trusted transactions to be made without third parties, which are traceable and irreversible.
2. Timestamp
Timestamp refers to a string or encoded information used to identify the recorded time and date. The international standard is ISO 8601.
3. Turing completeness
Turing completeness refers to the ability of a machine to perform any calculation that any other programmable computer can perform. One example is the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
4. 51% attack
When a single individual or group exceeds half of the computing power, this individual or group can control the entire distributed network, if they have With some malicious ideas, they may issue conflicting transactions that damage the entire network.
5. Dapp - Decentralized Application
It is an open source application that runs automatically and stores its data on block L with cryptographic tokens in the form of incentives and operate on a protocol that displays proof of value.
6. DAO - Decentralized Autonomous Organization
It can be considered as a company that operates without any human intervention and hands all forms of control to one Set of unbreakable business rules.
7. DistributedLedger - Distributed Ledger
Data is stored through a distributed node network. A distributed ledger does not have to have its own token, it may be permissioned and private.
8. DistributedNetwork - Distributed Network
A network in which processing power and data are distributed on nodes rather than having a centralized data center.
9. Oracle
An oracle is a trusted entity that introduces information about the state of the external world through signatures, thereby allowing deterministic smart contracts to respond to uncertainty react to the external world. The oracle machine has the characteristics of non-tampering, stable service, and auditability, and has an economic incentive mechanism to ensure the power of operation.
10. Zero-knowledge proof
Zero-knowledge proof was developed by S.Goldwasser, S.Micali and C.Rackoff in the 20th century.proposed in the early 1980s. It refers to the prover's ability to convince the verifier that a certain assertion is correct without providing any useful information to the verifier.
⑵ What is blockchain
⑶ What exactly is blockchain?
What exactly is blockchain? In essence, blockchain is a distributed, decentralized network database system that will make the storage, update, maintenance, and operation of data different. Blockchain has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.
Then let’s talk about how blockchain is different from traditional data processing to help everyone understand what blockchain is and give everyone a general understanding of blockchain. Cognition.
1. Data storage in blockchain: block chain data structure
In terms of data storage, blockchain technology utilizes "block chain data structure" To verify and store data.
What does the blockchain structure mean? Everyone has seen an iron chain, with one link within another. In fact, each link can be regarded as a block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain.
How does this so-called "iron chain" store data? To put it simply, the difference between blockchain and ordinary stored data is that on blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.
Take reading as an example: when we read a book, we finish page 1, then page 2, page 3...
What about in the blockchain? If each block is marked with a page number, then the content on page 2 contains the content on page 1, the content on page 3 contains the content on page 1 and page 2...Page 10 contains The content of the first 9 pages is such a chain nested layer by layer. In this way, the most original data can be traced back. This is the traceability of the blockchain.
The "blockchain data structure" of blockchain makes it traceable, which is naturally suitable for many fields, such as: food traceability, drug traceability, etc. In this way, the probability of tainted milk powder, fake vaccines, and fake and substandard food incidents will be greatly reduced, because once a problem occurs, through traceability, we can clearly know which link caused the problem, and accountability and recovery will be clearer.
2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm
In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node consensus algorithm" to Generate and update data.
Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), an algorithm needs to be used to obtain the entire network 5A new block must be approved by more than 1% of the nodes. To put it bluntly, it is a vote, and it can be generated if more than half of the people agree, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.
Why do you say that? Let’s make an analogy: we compare the blockchain to a ledger, because it records data. In the traditional world, the bookkeeping power lies with the bookkeeper, and the ledger belongs to the bookkeeper alone. So in the blockchain, everyone owns this account book. If you want to update the account, you must vote. Only if more than half of the people agree can you update the account data.
In this process, we will involve several terms: distributed, node, consensus algorithm. These terms are actually very easy to understand:
Everyone Accounting (that is, everyone has a ledger, and the ledger is scattered in everyone's hands) is the so-called "distributed";
The accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and unanimously agrees on is The so-called "consensus algorithm";
Every person participating in accounting is a so-called "node".
3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography
In the data maintenance stage, the difference of blockchain is that it uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access.
The cryptographic principles applied in the blockchain mainly include: hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, and Base58. These principles actually ensure data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.
4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts
A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is executed with code A set of transaction rules, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn this function on, you don't have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it expires.
The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.
Many of us have encountered the situation of being borrowed money: a friend who is short of money borrows 2,000 yuan from you and promises to pay back the money after the salary is paid next month, but next month he finds other excuses. Also, dragging this matter around would be pointless. We didn't have much money, but we were still friends. Even though you were depressed, let it go.
Then, after having a smart contract, he cannot default on his debt, because in the smart contract, once the terms in the contract are triggered, the code will automatically execute, whether he wants it or not, as long as he sends Once you have earned your salary and have money in your account, he has to pay you back.
To summarize the contents of this section, there are four indispensable core technologies in blockchain, namely: distributed storageStorage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.
We can understand it this way: distributed storage corresponds to the data storage stage, the consensus mechanism corresponds to the data processing and update stage, cryptography corresponds to data security, and smart contracts correspond to data operational issues.
⑷ What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?
From a technical point of view and an architectural point of view, let me tell you about it in popular language. Some understanding of blockchain.
What exactly is blockchain? Block chain, in a word, blockchain is a storage system, and the storage system is more detailed. Block chain is a distributed storage system without an administrator, and each node owns all data.
What do common storage systems look like?
First, let’s take a look at how to ensure high availability?
Ordinary storage systems usually use "redundancy" to solve high availability problems. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and redundantly spread to multiple places, high availability can be ensured. If the data in one place is down, there will still be data in another place. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL has this principle, and the RAID of the disk also has this principle.
Two points that need to be emphasized here are: data redundancy often causes consistency problems
1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there will actually be a delay in reading and writing. Sometimes, it actually means that there is inconsistency between reading and writing for a short period of time. This is a side effect of data redundancy.
2. The second point is that data redundancy often reduces writing efficiency, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you look at single-point writing, if two slave libraries are added, the writing efficiency will actually be affected. Ordinary storage systems use redundancy to ensure high data availability.
Then the second question is, can an ordinary storage system perform multiple writes?
The answer is yes, for example, take this picture as an example:
In fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of dual masters, a master-slave synchronization of dual masters, and two nodes. , and can be written at the same time. If you want to build a multi-machine room and multi-active data center, in fact, multi-machine room and multi-active data center also requires data synchronization. What should be emphasized here is that multi-point writing often leads to consistency issues of write-write conflicts. Taking MySQl as an example, assuming that the attribute of a table is an auto-increment ID, then the data in the database is now 1234, then one of the nodes When writing, a piece of data is inserted, it may become 5. Then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node. Before the synchronization is completed, if another writing node also inserts a piece of data, it will also generate A piece of data with an auto-incrementing ID of 5 is obtained. Then, after it is generated, it is synchronized to another node, and then when the synchronized data arrives, it will conflict with the two local 5s, and the synchronization will fail, which will causeThe consistency conflict problem of hairwriting. This problem will occur if there are multiple writes.
How to ensure consistency when writing multiple points?
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⑸ What is blockchain
Concept: Blockchain is distributed New application models of computer technologies such as data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, and encryption algorithms.
The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. Participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus.
The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:
1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.
2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.
3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.
(5) Does blockchain require a data center? Extended reading:
Three characteristics of three blockchains:
1. The core idea of the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring recognition. The result is recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a severe hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.
2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. The Economist made a vivid metaphor for blockchain: simply put, it is “a machine that creates trust.” Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.
3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.
In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.
⑹ What are the main features of blockchain
Decentralization
Due to the use of distributed computing and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations of any node are equal. The data blocks in the system are shared by nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system. maintain.
Openness
The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and information through the public interface. Develop related applications, so the entire system information is highly transparent.
Autonomy
The blockchain adopts consensus-based specifications and protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the entire system to exchange data freely and securely in a trustless environment, making Trust in "people" has been changed to trust in machines, and any human intervention has no effect.
Information cannot be tampered
Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node will not be allowed. is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.
Anonymity
Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction is trustless (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is valid by itself), so the counterparty does not need to disclose it through the The way of identity allows the other party to trust oneself, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit
⑺ How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain
Many people now think that Blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything. Blockchain technology is somewhat mythical!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, for the blockPeople who provide services on the chain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. Finally, all nodes around the world will complete synchronization one after another according to a certain mechanism, thereby realizing the synchronization of all nodes in the blockchain network. The data is completely consistent.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.
Digital currency
After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.
Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.
my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. 2019In early August this year, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.
Financial asset transaction settlement
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.
Digital Government Affairs
Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting
Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. Provides perfect solutions for judicial authentication, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc.plan. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.
Data services
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication, solidifies the electronic data generated in the process in real time, and provides online works with time source services synchronized with the National Timing Center. Add a legally valid timestamp to prove that the electronic file has not been tampered with during a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.
From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.
Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.
Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing
Facilitate transaction data Sharing
Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult for the same person to serve as project manager repeatedly and troubleshoot.Issues such as the low cost of dishonesty for entities. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.
The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".
Blockchain-based transaction witness
"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.
Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.
Whether electronic guarantees are currently used by biddersPeople can choose independently, and the rate is the main selection basis for bidders. If the bidders' performance records are aggregated and shared through the blockchain, the performance risks of different bidders can be analyzed, and different guarantee rates can be provided for different bidders, which will not only reduce the risks of financial institutions , it can also reduce the use costs of most bidders and promote the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market.
Promote financial services for bidding companies
The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.
Solving the financing problems of successful bidders
Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.
Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.
Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. on the chain""Tokens" can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core corporate credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The problem of supplier fund shortages caused by credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment ; Value transfer through the blockchain greatly shortens the financing cycle; reducing supplier loan costs is conducive to reducing the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately increases the bidder's profit margin and indirectly reduces the cost of the tenderer.
Regarding blockchain, we can imagine it as a decentralized management model and technical processing method.
Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family. , you have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.
So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem. Problem.
Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.
Decentralization solves problems.
Blockchain What application scenarios can the blockchain have?
In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management every day
However, this kind of application for organizational relationships Blockchain applications cannot generate economic value.
What are the economic applications of blockchain?
The first one is used in tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.
Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time
The second type is used in Enterprise management
Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development, allowing enterprises to develop faster and make more money.
Summary: District The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but in the end The purpose is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets the needs of human values will develop. Therefore, the blockchain is in line with human beings’ pursuit of freedom and equality, so it has become The mainstream trend is unstoppable.
Currently, many blockchain gimmicks are used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free global A social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed is no longer recorded and recorded like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook. It can be checked at any time, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can beIt can be done online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
What is blockchain If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire trading network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
Future ZoneBlockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
⑻ Blockchain financial application
Blockchain financial application is a key area where it plays a role in reality. The financial industry needs such high-end technology , traditional operating methods will undergo profound changes because of such technology. Blockchain financial applications have many distinctive features, and people are talking about them. It has attracted more and more attention because of its actual effects, and has had an increasing impact.
Abstract: Developed countries and technology companies have taken the lead in the research and application of blockchain technology. Judging from the application of patent technology, there may be a gap of about one and a half years between my country and the United States in blockchain technology. Based on the above situation, how can China achieve "asymmetric" catch-up? The first thing is to see the situation clearly, seize opportunities and meet challenges. Secondly, after understanding the necessity of the underlying construction of blockchain for the existing business and future development of the financial industry, a consensus was reached among various financial companies to establish a "China's Financial Blockchain Alliance". The last step is to advance collaboratively and embrace change.
How to understand blockchain?
Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. In 2009, after the paper was published, Bitcoin was born as a virtual currency in the digital world of the Internet. At present, the total market value of Bitcoin is about US$6.5 billion. Although the market value is constantly changing, it is still the largest virtual currency in the world.
Another important concept is blockchain. Blockchain is an underlying technology of Bitcoin, and Bitcoin is just an application of blockchain. As we all know, Bitcoin can achieve peer-to-peer value transfer. In addition to the Bitcoin blockchain, there are many others.Blockchain, for example, Ethereum’s blockchain, etc. Therefore, we should distinguish between concepts such as Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain, and blockchain technology.
Currently, people have several misunderstandings about blockchain. Blockchain can be described in English as "Decentralized Blockchain", where Decentralized is translated as "decentralized". However, I think the blockchain has realized the unintermediary dissemination of value, which is point-to-point value dissemination. This does not mean that after entering the blockchain era, there is no need for a center, but that it should move from a single centralization to a center and a center. parallel development. Then, the existing center is likely to become a branch center or a weak center. Currently, all banks have their own data centers. If a financial blockchain alliance is established in the future, they can become nodes in the blockchain alliance, so blockchain does not require a center.
Blockchain does not require credit
We often see some articles that believe that blockchain needs to “remove credit”. In fact, blockchain relies on consensus The algorithm builds trust and ensures the correctness of transactions through consensus among nodes. Build trust at low cost through mathematics and algorithms instead of "removing credit". However, digital asset transactions between people do not require two people to know each other or have a trust relationship with each other, nor does it require a third-party credit agency. It only requires everyone to trust the trusted network of the blockchain.
Why is it considered credible? Because it is a distributed database, it has a consensus-based mechanism: a set of encryption algorithms, making it immutable. On the one hand, the public key makes information transparent and traceable; on the other hand, the private key can protect privacy.
Blockchain is not a mature technology, nor is it omnipotent. Blockchain technology is still in its early stages of development. At the beginning of this year, we sent a delegation to Barclays South Africa’s blockchain research laboratory to study. During the seminar, Barclays African blockchain experts believed that it will take at least five to ten years for blockchain technology to become a truly mature technology. At present, blockchain has the disadvantages of relatively slow computing speed and small storage space. Moreover, not all data processing requires the use of blockchain.
Research and application of blockchain in foreign countries
We found that established financial developed countries are already leading the way in the research of blockchain technology. The British government believes that it is very important for the government to participate in the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks, and the government encourages in-depth research on blockchain technology. The British government is actively evaluating the potential of blockchain technology and considering its use to reduce financial fraud and reduce costs. In addition, the UK government plans to develop application systems that can be used between government and public agencies.
In February this year, the European Commission placed cryptocurrency at the top of the list of rapid development target areas. This move promoted the policies of various agencies on digital currencies.policy research. Technology companies are also leading the way in research on blockchain technology.
IBM launched the "Open Ledger Project" to develop an enterprise-level blockchain software structure and promote the commercial use of blockchain technology through the Bluemix and API foundation of the IBM cloud computing platform. Architecture to support the docking of external data. IBM still has a lot of practice in blockchain technology. Recently, it and a company in South Korea conducted creative experiments using blockchain technology and the Internet of Things, and achieved some results.
Microsoft uses the Azure platform to provide users with "blockchain as a service", which can enable R3 and its bank members to speed up the experiment and learning process, and accelerate the development, testing and deployment of distributed ledgers.
Intel also released SawtoothLake, an efficient modular platform for building, deploying and running distributed ledgers; at the same time, Intel is also studying to create a trusted execution environment for hardware chips for blockchain applications, providing Greater security and privacy.
Meanwhile, Wall Street is also taking action. Although created relatively late, R3’s core function is to formulate industry standards for the development of blockchain technology in the banking industry, as well as explore practical uses and establish a blockchain alliance for banks.
From what we know, in addition to these two new companies on Wall Street catering to the digital financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology and building their own areas. Blockchain concept and technology team.
Currently, blockchain technology already has practical application cases.
In Canada, the blockchain startup company "Blockchain Tech Ltd" has successfully been listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange GEM; the Estonian government will launch the government's blockchain medical insurance Record.
Domestic attention and research on blockchain technology
Blockchain is an optional technology. Previously, the People's Bank of China also held a digital currency seminar. In addition to the central bank, relevant departments such as Zhejiang Province and Beijing Municipality also expressed support for blockchain application research last year.
From an enterprise perspective, Bubi blockchain has been used in equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is conducting trials and application tests with exchanges and banks. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. And many blockchain innovative and entrepreneurial companies are constantly emerging.
In addition, a number of industry alliances are being established. In terms of financial institutions, the current cases of blockchain application by my country's large banks and financial institutions still need to be solved.
At the end of 2015, Bank of America had obtainedObtained 15 patents on blockchain. There may be a gap of about one and a half years between my country and the United States in blockchain technology.
Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will attract more and more attention, and a huge new trend will form. .
⑼ What exactly is blockchain and what are its uses
Recently, the word "blockchain" has appeared very frequently on the Internet. The word "blockchain" is very interesting. So what is "blockchain", how to explain "blockchain", and what kind of chain is "blockchain"?
If we want to know what “blockchain” is, we must first start with Satoshi Nakamoto.
In November 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research report on a secret cryptography review group, describing his new idea for electronic currency-Satoshi Nakamoto proposed : "I believe there is a currency that doesn't rely on credit, and I can't stop myself from thinking about it." Bitcoin was born.
Although we still don’t know who Satoshi Nakamoto is, we all know the famous Bitcoin and the recently popular word “blockchain”.
In professional terms, blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc.
In the original English version of the Bitcoin white paper [2], the word blockchain does not actually appear, but chain of blocks is used. In the earliest Chinese translation of the Bitcoin white paper [3], chain of blocks was translated into blockchain.
What does it mean in human terms? In layman's terms, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database.
Decentralization means removing the original data center.
Here is an example of decentralization: Alibaba’s servers support Alibaba’s daily data operations, including the Double Eleven that just passed. We were able to smoothly carry out flash sales of goods at zero o’clock. Largely thanks to the support of Alibaba servers.
All data generated by Alibaba’s daily activities are recorded on the server. So what will happen if Alibaba’s server encounters an accident? (For example, Alibaba's server was hit by a meteorite, causing the server to be damaged)
After the server is paralyzed, Alibaba's data will naturally be unable to be restored in time, which will result in Alibaba being unable to maintain daily operations in the short term. operations.
However, after adopting blockchain technology, a piece of data generated by Alibaba’s daily business will not only be recorded on Alibaba’s servers, but also on the Internet.In this way, even if Alibaba's servers encounter an accident, it will still not affect Alibaba's operation. The data generated by Alibaba's daily activities will still be recorded on various servers around the world. This is what blockchain technology brings. Comes with advantages and benefits.
In other words, Ali's data was only recorded in Ali's server, and Ali's server was the center. Now every server in the world is synchronously recording the business that Ali has done, and Ali's server is the center. It is no longer the only center, this step achieves decentralization. The behavior of servers around the world recording Alibaba data simultaneously is called distributed accounting.
Now that we know what blockchain means, what kind of boundaries can blockchain bring to our lives? What fields may blockchain be used in in the future?
1. Blockchain technology is applied in the medical and health field. For example, Xiao Zhang’s family has a history of hereditary red-green color blindness. Xiao Zhang once went to Hospital A and had his red-green color blindness checked. Now Xiao Zhang is in City B and went to Hospital B for treatment. Now Hospital B can directly treat him in his own hospital. Xiao Zhang’s previous medical treatment status was found in the database, so Hospital B no longer needs to conduct repeated examinations on Xiao Zhang. This greatly saves medical resources for the hospital and saves medical expenses for repeated examinations for Xiao Zhang.
2. Blockchain technology is applied in the field of food safety. Nowadays, everyone is paying attention to food safety, and blockchain technology is applied to the field of food safety to carry out food traceability. First, we can label each vegetable and fruit with its own label, and then record the growth, maturity, pests and diseases of the vegetables and fruits in this label. The data in this tag can be simultaneously recorded in various data centers around the world through blockchain technology.
On the one hand, when people buy vegetables, they can directly check the growth status of the vegetables. On the other hand, when our country imports and exports vegetables, we can directly check the status of the imported and exported products. No more quarantine required.
