区块链环保是传销吗,区块链环境治理

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，区块链环境治理也受到了越来越多的关注。那么，区块链环保是传销吗？答案是否定的。

首先，传销是一种违法的行为，而区块链环境治理是一种正当的行为。传销是一种利用欺骗手段谋取非法利益的行为，而区块链环境治理则是一种改善环境，保护资源，提高生态质量的行为。

其次，区块链环境治理是一种技术支持的行为，而传销是一种无技术支持的行为。区块链技术可以用来监督和管理环境治理行为，确保环境治理行为的合法性、有效性和公正性，从而更有效地保护环境和资源。而传销则无法利用技术来确保行为的合法性、有效性和公正性。

此外，区块链环境治理还可以利用智能合约来保护环境。智能合约可以提供一种可信的机制，通过这种机制，可以规范环境治理行为，确保环境治理行为的合法性、有效性和公正性。

总之，区块链环境治理与传销毫无关联，它是一种正当的行为，可以通过技术支持和智能合约来改善环境，保护资源，提高生态质量。因此，我们应该正确认识区块链环境治理，积极参与其中，共同为改善环境和资源质量而努力。

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Ⅰ What aspects does a smart city include?

1. Smart community

A smart community covers various services within and around the community. The community mainly includes Infrastructure services include smart homes, smart properties, smart lighting, smart security, and smart parking. The surrounding communities mainly include smart elderly care, smart medical care, smart education, smart retail, smart finance, smart housekeeping, smart energy and other livelihood services.

Control and support all aspects of the transportation field and the entire process of transportation construction and management, so that the transportation system can sense, interconnect, analyze, predict, Control and other capabilities;

To fully ensure traffic safety, maximize the efficiency of transportation infrastructure, improve the operating efficiency and management level of the transportation system, and serve smooth public travel and sustainable economic development.

II What role can blockchain technology play in the field of environmental protection

Now many public welfare organizations have begun to use blockchain technology. In the post-epidemic era, the digital economy troika has It is the outbreak of the new online economy, the steady development of smart manufacturing, and the rise of the contactless economy. New infrastructure has become a hot topic during the two sessions and a growth point in the future, and blockchain has unique advantages in empowering ecological and environmental protection.

Construct a digital points reward mechanism: The establishment of residents’ environmental awareness is not directly proportional to their actual actions. For example, the importance of environmental protection is generally recognized. In “garbage classification”, it is difficult to classify , difficult processes, difficult management and other "difficulties", with little effect. The use of blockchain technology can establish a points reward system so that everyone involved in environmental protection can create visible "value" and stimulate people's enthusiasm. The point-to-point transmission method of the blockchain not only ensures the security of points, but also avoids corruption and other problems and the consumption of human resources caused by the traditional "top-down" method;

Environmental protection Traceability of the entire management process: In terms of garbage classification and recycling of old items, we have made many years of efforts before, but it has not achieved good results. The reason is that the garbage is classified but the garbage truck is still loaded in one place or the garbage is transported to the treatment plant and is still burned together. , making garbage classification and recycling meaningless. In the blockchain, the information of every item in the garbage classification is fully transparent and traceable, ensuring that our environmental protection work is implemented effectively.

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is the “Smart Learning Workshop 2020- Xueshuo” launched by the School Planning and Construction Development Center of the Ministry of Education of China. "Innovation Workstation" is the only approved "blockchain technology professional" pilot workstation. The professional base is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

Ⅲ What kind of power can blockchain play in environmental protection?

As a disruptive emerging technology, blockchain has risen to the level of national strategic importance.strategy, becoming an important technical carrier of trust in new infrastructure in the digital economy era. However, many people still believe that blockchain technology is more used in the financial field, but its technical characteristics of distributed, non-tamperable and collaborative consensus determine that it can be applied In many fields involving data and collaborative work, especially in the field of environmental protection.

Currently, customers are transmitting hundreds of millions or even billions of distributed energy assets to the power grid. However, energy data flow and transactions are still due to incomplete infrastructure and data asynchronous, It is restricted by problems such as imbalance of supply and demand, complicated transaction clearing process, and unclear ownership of transaction ownership.

State Grid Ningxia Electric Power and State Grid E-commerce Company are actively promoting the integration and innovation of blockchain and new energy business, based on the development of a distributed energy trading platform based on blockchain, with blockchain as the core technology, integrating identity authentication, smart contracts, asymmetric encryption and other technical means, by uploading new energy data to the chain for certificate storage, completing efficient matching of supply and demand data, providing feasible solutions and technical support for new energy consumption, and improving new energy consumption. Comprehensive ability. And further stimulate the enthusiasm of new energy trading entities to participate, attract more load-side resources to flow into the power trading market, optimize energy resource regulation, and realize a green energy economy.

IV What components does a smart city include?

Smart cities use new generation information technologies such as Internet of Things infrastructure, cloud computing infrastructure, geospatial infrastructure, as well as wikis, social networks, Fab Application of tools and methods such as Lab, Living Lab, comprehensive integration method, NetDong all-media converged communication terminal/

Achieve comprehensive and thorough perception, broadband ubiquitous interconnection, intelligent convergence application and user-based innovation , open innovation, mass innovation, and collaborative innovation are the characteristics of sustainable innovation. With the rise of the Internet empire, the integrated development of mobile technology and the democratization process of innovation, smart cities in a knowledge society environment are an advanced form of information city development after digital cities.

From the perspective of technological development, smart city construction requires the realization of comprehensive perception, ubiquitous interconnection, ubiquitous computing and integrated applications through new generation information technology applications such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing represented by mobile technology.

From the perspective of social development, smart cities also require the application of tools and methods such as wikis, social networks, Fab Lab, Living Lab, and comprehensive integration methods to achieve user innovation, open innovation, mass innovation, Sustainable innovation in a knowledge-based social environment characterized by collaborative innovation emphasizes the realization of comprehensive and sustainable development of economy, society and environment through value creation and people-oriented approach.

(4) Extended reading on blockchain smart environmental protection

"The upgrading of smart cities, a common saying is 'transformation to services', the core of which is ' Process re-engineering' requires re-structuring the processes under the traditional business model, and re-engineering the governance process can realize smart cities."

It is worth noting that not only government department barriers need to be broken down, but also servicesBusinessmen are also looking for ways to integrate and form a "fist". Xu Shijun calls Alibaba Cloud the digital "number one" of Alibaba's smart city services. Many business departments, including Ant, DingTalk, and Amap, are driven by this "number one".

At the same time, with the upgrade of smart city construction, new operating models and even government-enterprise relations will also emerge.

IV Energy Blockchain Research | Blockchain can help us fight climate change

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Blockchain can help us fight climate change

·Smart contracts run on the basis of blockchain, which can unlock many new ways to deal with climate change and solve the problems it brings. Influence.

·Achieving this requires a value intermediary network, which can help the blockchain collect information from real society and interact with it.

Note: Oracles (value intermediaries) provide data to smart contracts and are the bridge between the real world and the blockchain.

Smart contracts allow people to design a globally accepted and fully automated incentive system that can directly reward individuals, companies and governments that participate in sustainable practices. These practices include: regenerative agriculture, carbon offsets, crop insurance, and more. In promoting global green actions, smart contracts have greatly incentivized participants.

Initial obstacles

The development of green smart contracts is hindered, mainly reflected in the inability of the blockchain to interact with information from various regions in the real world, including the environment. In recent years, however, physical companies have finally been able to go into production through oracle mechanisms that integrate global data onto the blockchain.

For example, these oracle mechanisms can now publish agricultural information sets directly to the blockchain, and smart contract developers can eventually develop a series of small predictions about food yields, soil quality, climate reporting, carbon offsets, and more. program. As more and more environmental data sets, such as weather patterns or Internet of Things (IoT) sensor readings, are fed into the blockchain, developers are beginning to develop a wide range of environmentally friendly smart contract applications.

The following are three related examples

1

Regenerative agriculture

Smart contracts allow ordinary people to participate in the fight against climate change One of the most important ways, it promotes the development of regenerative agriculture and makes regenerative agriculture possible.

Smart contracts can interact with real-world information to autonomously reward those who develop important land.

For example, the Green World Campaign is working with Cornell University to build a smart contract that canUsing satellite information, automatically reward those who successfully regenerate their land by increasing vegetation cover, improving soil, and more.

Value intermediaries can also extract data from satellite images and trigger smart contracts built on the blockchain to ensure that people receive rewards fairly and transparently.

2

Transforming consumer awareness

Smart contracts can support environmentally conscious individuals and organizations. For example, if a person successfully triggers a reforestation smart contract, they can be paid in the form of carbon credits that can be sold to charities, crowdfunding, or even companies that have a positive impact on the environment.

Smart contracts can also provide environmentally conscious consumers with more choices in energy consumption.

For example, decentralized energy grids like the Brooklyn Microgrid Projectare could use smart contracts and blockchain as a coordination mechanism to allow consumers and their neighbors to take advantage of solar energy Generate electricity and generate transactions. Buying and selling solar credits among neighbors can reduce energy transportation costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

While many consumers are already changing their consumption habits, broader social behavioral shifts may require a combination of monetary incentives and sustainable choices among consumers. By using smart contracts connected to real-world data, different spending habits trigger different reward and punishment mechanisms. This will promote changes in consumer behavior.

3

Hedging risks by insuring crops

Climate change is altering weather patterns around the world. The vast majority of farmers around the world are uninsured, leaving their crops extremely vulnerable to weather conditions such as heavy rain, drought, and strong winds.

Adverse weather conditions can cause financial losses to farmers, devastating their families and leaving farmland damaged and abandoned.

Fortunately, smart contracts can detect changing climates through value intermediaries and propose solutions.

Using smart contracts, farmers can insure their land, stipulating predefined conditions for the contract to be effective (such as a certain amount of rainfall); they can then detect weather patterns through a value intermediary.

If the value intermediary detects that the conditions have been met, the farmer automatically gets a sum of money.

Smart contracts communicate climate information through value intermediaries, allowing farmers to protect their property with just a smartphone.

Outlook

The combination of blockchain and value intermediary opens up a new era of smart contracts, which can create a new incentive model for sustainable human energy consumption. . As discussions about climate change continue to escalate, we must be aware that the impact of this industry on the environment will be far reachingA consensus mechanism that exceeds that of any other project.

National Energy Information Platform contact number: 010-65367702, email: [email protected], address: People’s Daily, No. 2 Jintai West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Block VI How extensive is the scope of the chain?

The scope of the blockchain is just like the Internet. The future trend is increasingly towards the blockchain. To be honest, many binance chains, Binance Smart chains, etc. are now in the area. Practical application of blockchain.

Ⅶ What are the fields involved in blockchain applications and what are the specific scenarios?

Blockchain technology is widely used, and the main applications of blockchain are under the integration of new technologies. The scenarios cover many fields such as finance and insurance, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent environmental protection, energy and electricity, medical and health care, education, cultural and creative industries, smart cities, social welfare, agriculture, etc.

Blockchain + Finance

Blockchain can help financial institutions solve problems such as trust and data sharing.

Blockchain + Copyright Art Category

Tianhe Guoyun’s Blockchain Copyright System

3. Blockchain + Government Affairs

In terms of statistics, voting, budget management, etc., blockchain can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase transparency to prevent the risk of failure of centralized systems.

4. Blockchain + Insurance

Fraud identification and risk prevention: By placing insurance claims under an immutable general ledger, blockchain can help eliminate confusion in the insurance industry. Common sources of fraud.

Property insurance and casualty insurance: Policies and shared ledgers recorded in the form of smart contracts can improve the efficiency of property insurance and casualty insurance.

Health insurance: Blockchain technology allows medical records to be encrypted and shared among health service providers, thereby improving the interoperability of the health insurance ecosystem.

Reinsurance: The information security of reinsurance contracts on the blockchain platform is guaranteed through smart contracts, which can reduce the amount of information and simplify the payment process between insurers and reinsurers.

VIII BIM+blockchain makes urban construction smarter

In this article, we talk about the combination and application of blockchain and the construction industry.

Before starting the text, let me first explain the concept of BIM.

BIM (Building Information Modeling) Building information modeling. The U.S. National BIM Standard explains BIM as follows:

(1) Use digital methods to express the physical and functional characteristics of a facility.

(2) A shared knowledge resource.

(3) Share related to this facilityThe process of providing reliable basis for all countermeasures throughout the entire life cycle of a facility.

(4) In different stages of the construction project, each participant embeds, extracts, updates and modifies information in the information model to support and reflect the collaborative work of their respective responsibilities.

The construction industry is one of the largest industries in the world today and will remain a key driver of world economic growth in the future.

The construction industry plays an important role in my country's national economy. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, my country's GDP in 2020 was 101 trillion yuan, of which the total output value of the construction industry was 26 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 25%.

The construction industry is an ancient industry. As early as 2,000 years ago, the ancients built magnificent projects such as the Great Wall and the pyramids of ancient Egypt. However, since its development, the overall management level and efficiency of the construction industry are still very low. The main reasons can probably be attributed to the following five points:

1) The one-time nature of the project;

2) The looseness and temporary nature of the organization;

3) The fragmentation of management;

4) The multi-party nature and inefficiency of cooperation;

5) Production Destandardization and deindustrialization of processes.

The problems caused by the above reasons are also obvious:

1) Lack of trust. Due to the one-time nature of the project, the temporary nature of the organization, and the multi-party nature of cooperation, trust is inevitable Missing.

2) Low efficiency. Due to the loose and temporary nature of the organization, the non-standardization and non-industrialization of the production process, high consumption and low efficiency, the average profit level of construction companies in the entire construction industry is only about 3%

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3) Risk controllability is weak. Due to the lack of a systematic standardized management system and fragmented management, project delays, design changes, and cost claims are inevitable for almost every project.

Domestic building informatization has gone through three stages and is currently in the third stage:

The first stage: design informatization, The "off the drawing board" project in the 1990s promoted the popularization of domestic CAD technology applications;

The second stage: enterprise information management, in 2005 computer-aided management problem solving realized the informatization of project and enterprise management;

The third stage: full life cycle informatization. In 2015, the application of BIM technology assisted the integration of full life cycle information in the construction industry.

1. Why should BIM be implemented in the construction field?

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has a detailed explanation of the significance of BIM application in the "Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Issuing Guidance Opinions on Promoting the Application of Building Information Models". The guidance points out that: BIM must serve the industry chain and industrialized construction. and provide technical support for prosperous architectural creation. In other words, BIM is the technical foundation for the industrial transformation of the construction industry.

2. What can BIM do specifically?

1) Realize data sharing among all participants in the whole life cycle of the building based on the same multi-dimensional building information model;

2) Support the engineering environment, energy consumption, economy, quality, Analysis, inspection and simulation of safety and other aspects;

3) Provide a basis for program optimization and scientific decision-making in the entire project process;

4) Support the collaborative work of various disciplines and the virtualization of the project Construction and refined management.

3. The significance of industrialization of construction

1) Industrially produced materials and prefabricated construction methods make it easier to form a standardized system to ensure product quality;

2) Most components of prefabricated buildings are completed in the factory, and the overall delivery is 30% to 50% faster than traditional buildings;

3) Prefabricated building sites are mainly dry operations, which can effectively reduce Energy consumption and environmental pollution, low carbon and environmental protection;

4) Prefabricated buildings can also be reused due to their dismantling characteristics;

5) There is room for reduction in prefabricated construction costs For now, it is much higher than traditional buildings, with lower post-operation and maintenance costs and greater cost advantages throughout the life cycle.

The transformation of construction industrialization has become a national strategy

In recent years, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments have successively introduced a number of important policies to promote the industrialization, digitalization, green construction, and intelligent construction of the construction industry.

In March 2021, the State Council issued the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Long-term Goals for 2035". The outline clearly proposes to develop intelligent construction, promote green building materials, prefabricated buildings and steel structure residences, and build low-cost Development goals of carbon cities.

4. The importance of BIM digitalization in the construction industry

Vigorously develop the industrialization, digitalization, and intelligent upgrading of construction, increase the application of intelligent construction in all aspects of engineering construction, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry It is the strategic goal of the construction industry and even the country in the past 10 to 20 years. Therefore, BIM digital technology will play a fundamental and important role in the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.

The direction of construction industrialization transformation is standardization + factoryization + assembly. BIM solves the problem of digital integration and visualization in this process.

Although BIM is an indispensable technology in the industrial transformation process of the construction industry, it cannot effectively solve the problems of production relations, such as trust and efficiency between collaborative parties, and fragmented management under complex systems. And other issues.

Solving trust, collaboration, efficiency, and fragmented management under complex systems are precisely the natural advantages of blockchain technology, and can well complement BIM technology.

Therefore we say: Industrialized production (BIM support) + digital collaboration (blockchain support) + big data decision-making (AI technology) = smart construction

We consider the entire life cycle of the building It is divided into three stages: planning and design, construction, and operation and maintenance to illustrate.

1. Planning and design stage

Cross-department collaborative approval will be the main scenario for the application of blockchain technology.

The planning and design stage is characterized by many administrative supervision roles and collaborative approval procedures. The decentralized features of blockchain technology are exactly suitable for such scenarios and can greatly improve the efficiency of collaborative approval (multiple places The government has started a pilot project for a blockchain government approval system).

We assume that the regulatory units in the planning and design stage include the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources, Transportation, Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Water Conservancy, etc. In addition, relevant units include construction units, planning and design and other consulting units, and they all have their names on the blockchain. Each node has its own information management system.

When the consulting unit creates the first-stage BIM conceptual model (for example, suitable for project proposals), and loads various economic indicators such as GIS information, scale, land occupation, cost, etc., the model data is uploaded to the area. Blockchain.

After the BIM conceptual model and project proposal are confirmed by the construction unit, the construction unit will initiate the approval procedures with the National Development and Reform Commission, and the blockchain smart contract will automatically initiate all review processes.

The National Development and Reform Commission accesses the BIM conceptual model on the blockchain through the key, loads the BIM model and GIS information of the surrounding infrastructure when necessary, analyzes whether the project complies with the urban development master plan and the feasibility of the project, and will review and approve it The results are uploaded to the blockchain, and the smart contract automatically sends the data file of the approval results back to the construction unit.

Similarly, the construction unit starts the land pre-examination related procedures, the smart contract is activated, and the land department accesses the BIM land occupation model on the blockchain through the key, conducts the review, and uploads the approval results to the blockchain. The smart contract sends the data file of the approval result back to the construction unit.

At the same time, any regulatory authority can passThe key verifies the authenticity of the approval results from the National Development and Reform Commission, Land and Resources and other departments.

As the subsequent feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing design continue to improve the model, the National Development and Reform Commission, land, transportation, housing and construction and other industry regulatory authorities can access the project on the blockchain through the key at any time BIM model data can be used to monitor projects in real time for irregular design and construction.

All approval processes run automatically online, but they are no longer based on a centralized platform, but on decentralized blockchain technology, which can effectively reduce collaboration costs and improve collaboration efficiency. and ensure data privacy and security.

2. Construction stage

Similarly, we assume that construction units, supervision units and other third-party consulting agencies also have their own nodes on the blockchain and their own information systems. , then they can all access the BIM model data of the project on the blockchain through the key.

We simply divide the construction process into planning, procurement, production, acceptance, and payment. And it is assumed that the model and the WBS decomposition structure of the construction stage are in one-to-one correspondence.

· Planning link:

The contractor can prepare the plan through the Office series of Projec software or the domestic Glodon Zebra, and import the plan data file into the BIM on the blockchain Model, BIM model has 4D progress visualization attributes (such as can be displayed by InfraWorks of Autodesk series), and the data can also include resources, funds and other plans. All participating parties can simultaneously carry out project management based on the BIM model.

· Procurement link:

The construction industry has a highly decentralized and complex supply chain system. The cooperation between suppliers and contractors may be temporary or one-time, so trust is relatively low. Difficult to establish, low collaboration efficiency.

Let’s first talk about how blockchain solves the trust problem in transactions.

Blockchain uses smart contracts to complete transactions. For example, for the buyer, before the transaction, the smart contract first detects whether the balance of the buyer's digital wallet (central bank digital renminbi) (or bank credit or guarantee limit) is satisfied. If the transaction object is satisfied, it will be locked. When the buyer accepts and signs for the seller's goods, the smart contract will automatically transfer the locked digital renminbi point-to-point to the seller's digital wallet.

Therefore, what the blockchain solves is not the problem of mutual trust between buyers and sellers, but trust is no longer a problem.

Sand and gravel materials are used in large quantities in construction projects, and are purchased frequently and from scattered sources. They are one of the most difficult materials to control in the building materials supply chain.

Let us assume thatThe contractor installed a camera in the silo. The contractor's procurement system detected through the camera that the remaining material in the silo was lower than a predetermined threshold (computer vision recognition technology), and the system called the planning data (data imported from the BIM model by the Project) to discover the future If the usage demand is greater than the total capacity of the silo, a smart contract will be activated to automatically complete the sand and gravel order, and you can even choose the lowest price from multiple suppliers.

Sand and gravel suppliers do not need to join any system. They only need to create their own accounts on the blockchain node to complete automated transaction collaboration with contractors.

During the transportation process, the supplier uploads the GPS location of the transportation vehicle or ship to the blockchain in real time through IOT hardware. The contractor's procurement system can track the location of the goods in real time through the key. The system can Analyze (search algorithm) whether the material delivery time has an impact on the production plan, so that the smart contract can be restarted for remediation.

The purchase batch and arrival time of each batch of materials can be written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and written into the blockchain ledger. The smart contract will remind the supervision unit to organize acceptance or acceptance according to the batch of materials arriving. Test and inspection work.

The system can free project managers from complicated orders, inquiries, and accounting processing, so they can better devote themselves to more important matters.

· Production link:

The production process is inevitably inseparable from people and equipment.

An inevitable result of industrialization is the improvement of efficiency and quality, and the process behavior quality of people and equipment will determine the formation process of product quality.

Therefore, the result-oriented construction process management in the past must turn to the industrial process-oriented construction management. So which teams will produce each sub-project, and the construction cooperation for each group of concrete The parameters are monitored in real time (IOT hardware) and written to the corresponding location of the BIM model. At the same time, these data are written into the blockchain ledger, which is permanently saved and cannot be tampered with. All data in the production process should be authentic and credible.

We assume that large structures are installed by hoisting equipment. We also assume that if it is not suitable for hoisting operations in heavy rain or wind exceeding level 6, then the hoisting equipment will sense the situation through IOT hardware (or network communication). After this extreme state, the blockchain smart contract will remind on-site managers to restore the equipment to a safe state until the dangerous state is relieved.

The fuel consumption and electricity consumption of each equipment during the production process will be monitored through IOT hardware, and these data will be written into the blockchain ledger.

The blockchain smart contract automatically calculates carbon emission indicators for energy consumption (GBT 51366-2019). Once it is found that carbon emissions exceed the approved indicators, it will automatically be listed in the carbon trading market.Market to buy new indicators.

The IOT hardware on all the production equipment mentioned above does not need to be connected to the systems of the participating parties. The participating parties only need to access the data through the keys of the equipment. Perhaps this key is designed by the device developer into a client (such as an APP), then all parties involved only need to install a client to access all data generated by the device.

· Acceptance link

We assume that the strength of the concrete construction is determined by the test equipment (IOT hardware) writing the data directly to the location corresponding to the BIM model and writing it to the blockchain ledger.

The appearance dimensions and number of steel bars of the construction may be generated by using 3D laser scanning equipment to generate point clouds and compared with the BIM design model. The percentage of honeycomb pitted surface and the acceptance accuracy can be accurately calculated according to the quality inspection and assessment standards. The accuracy, which is much higher than manual calculation, is written into the corresponding location of the BIM model and the blockchain ledger.

All personnel and data participating in the acceptance are written into the blockchain ledger and stored permanently and cannot be tampered with.

If a quality problem occurs, the ledger records on the blockchain are like a running account arranged in chronological order, starting from the current record and tracing forward. Who has accepted it? Who made it? Who transported it? Who purchased it? It’s clear who supplied it.

· Payment stage:

With the official issuance of digital renminbi and support for programmability, when digital renminbi enters the field of project payment, it can be said that every project payment The destination has been basically fixed and can be tracked on the blockchain, making it impossible for project funds to be misappropriated. Then when the quality of the project passes the acceptance inspection and meets the conditions set by the smart contract, the point-to-point payment operation of the smart contract will be automatically triggered. No longer going through banks, it can also reduce the company's financial costs.

Therefore, according to the provisions of the capital construction procedures, projects that have not yet been funded in the future will inevitably not receive approval to start construction. For projects that have obtained approval to start construction, contractors, professional subcontractors, material suppliers and even labor personnel will no longer be able to No need to worry about defaulting on project payment.

When the BIM model is anchored to the physical building and turned into a digital asset, the ownership of the digital asset can flow on the blockchain.

Let’s assume that the ownership of a physical engineering component is temporarily retained in the hands of the contractor before the owner has paid the project fee. When a contractor encounters financial difficulties, it happens that the BIM digital assets on the blockchain (anchored (physical engineering components) to prove a certain future income (a project payment paid by the owner in the future), then the contractor can completely mortgage the ownership of this part of the digital asset, and the smart contract can lock the project payment paid by the future owner. money for redemption by the contractorThe ownership of the digital asset.

3. Operation and maintenance phase

A good scenario in the operation and maintenance phase is the intelligent interaction between devices.

We assume that an unmanned patrol car discovers a defect in the asphalt pavement on the highway through the computer vision recognition system, triggers a smart contract to start another asphalt pavement maintenance vehicle, and this maintenance vehicle also uses smart The contract automatically places an order to purchase the required asphalt mixture repair materials, and automatically drives to the defective location to complete the repair, with little or no human intervention in the process.

In summary, blockchain technology + BIM can better realize smart construction. In turn, the BIM model can be used as a data dashboard for blockchain technology. With the continuous emergence of IOT hardware ( Especially in the operation and maintenance stage), with the continuous filling of data, the continuous refreshing of models, the dimensions becoming more and more full, what you see is what you get, blockchain + BIM will become a smarter smart construction decision-making system.

In the article, we listed some applications in the three stages of planning, design, construction, and operation and maintenance. However, the actual application scenarios are far more than these examples. These examples only serve as a point-to-point discussion.

All the technologies mentioned in the article are existing or already implemented functions (such as blockchain government systems, supply chain tracking, quality traceability, etc.). What is lacking is just the integration of these technologies. It seems that blockchain technology is not originally a new technology, but the integration of existing computer technologies such as distributed storage, asymmetric encryption, and consensus algorithms to achieve this great invention.

Some people may say that BIM forward design has not yet become popular in my country’s construction industry, and 4D and 5D digital construction management based on BIM have only begun to become popular. At this time, we should explore the smart construction of blockchain technology + BIM Is it too early?

What I want to say is,

The concept of BIM was proposed as early as 1975 by Dr. Chuck Eastman of Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States. In 2002, Autodesk officially proposed the BIM concept and technology. 3D visualization has developed to today's 8D concept.

Blockchain technology was also proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto as early as 2008. In addition to digital currency, it has also been widely used in other non-digital currency fields.

Just like artificial intelligence technology,

It was first proposed by computer expert John McCarthy in 1956, but it has been limited by computer technology and hardware and has stagnated until the ImageNET challenge in 2012. The visual recognition accuracy rate during the competition reached over 95%, surpassing that of the human eye.After breaking through the limitations of computer hardware and technology, the application of artificial intelligence technology has ushered in a big explosion. In recent years, there has been a concentrated explosion of life applications such as beauty cameras, voice recognition, and smart push notifications in our mobile phones.

Therefore, before any technology breaks out in large-scale applications, energy has been accumulating. This is a necessary process. On the one hand, it may be due to technology and hardware limitations. Another very important reason is that there are too few people who understand and participate. Once everyone understands and knows how to do it, this explosive power will naturally flourish.

Just like we keep blowing up a balloon, one day it will explode.

If you are also interested in blockchain applications, search the WeChat public account "Candy Chain Notes" and let's move forward together.