用区块链为什么能绕开美元市场,用区块链为什么能绕开美元呢

近年来，随着区块链技术的出现和发展，它已经成为一种新的金融服务技术，具有改变金融行业的潜力。它不仅可以改变金融服务，更重要的是，它可以绕开美元市场，让投资者可以更自由地进行投资。

首先，区块链技术具有去中心化的特点，可以把金融中心的控制权从中央机构转移到网络系统。这样一来，投资者可以通过区块链技术进行投资，而不用受到美元市场的限制。

其次，区块链技术还具有较高的安全性。它采用分布式账本技术，可以有效防止数据泄露，保护投资者的隐私。这使得投资者可以安心地进行投资，而不用担心自己的隐私被泄露。

此外，区块链技术还可以提供更多的投资机会。由于它不受美元市场的限制，投资者可以自由地投资各种资产，如加密货币、商品期货、股票等。这样一来，投资者可以更好地利用自己的资金，获得更多的投资回报。

总之，区块链技术可以绕开美元市场，让投资者可以更自由地进行投资。它具有去中心化的特点，可以把金融中心的控制权从中央机构转移到网络系统；它具有较高的安全性，可以防止数据泄露；它还可以提供更多的投资机会，让投资者可以更好地利用自己的资金。因此，区块链技术真正可以改变金融行业，让投资者可以更自由地进行投资。

⑴ You have to know the operating principles and development of blockchain!

1. Why is there innovation in blockchain?
The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network. Open code. However, the impact of such an uncomplicated innovation on mankind is epoch-making. It has programmed, agreed, and enforced the basic values ​​required by a unified global market: "freedom, equality, and fraternity." Then the STMP email protocol, HTTP domain name protocol, etc. were derived, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner. As Alibaba Vice President Gao Hongbing said:
"The Internet is to eliminate the (information) supply chain that has very low value and high cost - it is open, interconnected, peer-to-peer, globalized, and decentralized."
We know: The essence of the market is also decentralized. It automatically executes the decentralized agreement of "equivalent exchange". Just as Nobel Prize winner Ronald Coase summed up: "The market economy is based on two On the basis of deep cognition: admitting ignorance and tolerating uncertainty." Adam Smith also described the market as: "the invisible hand"! Therefore, the market must require the low-cost flow of information decentralization, and the Internet has adapted to the global Under the general climate formed by the unified market, it turned out to be.
However, the first generation of Internet decentralized solved the problem of low-cost and efficient transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of credit of information. Therefore, what the second-generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner so that value transfer can be carried out at low cost and with high efficiency.
So what are the problems with the original centralized credit system? As we all know: centralized credit, such as the legal currencies of various countries, has different credit values, and the clearing systems are also incompatible, which adds a lot of cost to global trade. The current global credit system centered on the US dollar has a "Triffin Paradox" in its mechanism (the essence is that a country's legal currency cannot simultaneously resolve the conflict between its own economic interests and global economic needs). Therefore, in 2009, the Governor of the Central Bank of China, Zhou Ogawa called for the creation of a super-sovereign storage currency. In the same year, Satoshi Nakamoto disclosed the first-generation blockchain source code-"Bitcoin" online.
2. How does the blockchain system operate?
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto knew very well that establishing a credit system for payment must solve the problem of preventing "duplicate payments", that is, no counterfeit currency can be created. The centralized credit system relies on state machinery to prevent counterfeit currency. What about "Bitcoin"? Satoshi Nakamoto's great innovation is to "timestamp" every transaction. There is a block (block: equivalent to a network account book) every ten minutes, and all network transactions for these ten minutes are correctly timestamped. The question is who will cover it? Satoshi Nakamoto did not assume that everyone on the Internet is Lei Feng. He agreed with Adam Smith: people in the market are greedy. He asked the so-called "miners" to compete for the accounting rights of each block for ten minutes. The rules of competition are correct.While keeping accounts, you need to solve the SHA256 problem. Whoever can prove that his computer has the fastest computing power (the so-called PROOF OF WORK mechanism) can compete for the legal accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks and get twenty-five Bitcoin rewards. This is the so-called "mining" process. It is actually a decentralized credit process that establishes a network-wide ledger - the blockchain. Therefore, the more essential function of miners is "bookkeepers"!
Satoshi Nakamoto is here In its Bitcoin white paper, the process of establishing this credit system is described in detail:
Step 1: In order for the entire network to recognize it as valid, each transaction must be broadcast to each node (node: that is, the miner);
The second step: Each miner node must correctly timestamp each transaction in these ten minutes and record it in that block;
The third step: Each miner node must Compete for the legal accounting rights of this ten-minute block by solving the SHA256 puzzle, and strive to get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins (fifty bitcoins every ten minutes for the first four years, decreasing by half every four years);< br>Step 4: If a miner node solves the SHA256 puzzle of these ten minutes, it will publish all the timestamped transactions recorded in its ten-minute blocks to the entire network, and they will be checked by other miner nodes in the entire network;< br>Step 5: Other miner nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting (because they are also stamping the accounting at the same time, but they have not competed for the legal block accounting rights, so there is no reward), there is no error Finally, they will compete for the next block after the legal block, thus forming a single chain of legal accounting blocks, which is the general ledger of the Bitcoin payment system - the blockchain.
Generally speaking, each transaction must undergo six block confirmations, that is, six ten-minute accounting, before it can finally be recognized as a legal transaction on the blockchain. The following is the accounting format of Bitcoin:
So the so-called "Bitcoin" is such a billing system: it includes the owner electronically signing with the private key and paying to the next owner, and then the entire network's "miners" "Time stamp the account and form a blockchain.
3. What are the innovations in Bitcoin’s blockchain finance?
Similar to gold, trying to establish decentralized credit on the global Internet may allow value to flow across the entire network at high speed and at low rates (currently each transfer The transfer rate is one ten thousandth);
The total amount of currency is agreed upon by the cryptographic protocol;
Compared to gold, digital currency is infinitely divisible;
The value of currency can be based on a large number of P2P transactions ;
Full transparency in financial management (every transaction can be traced on the blockchain).
Bitcoin’s blockchain-wide accounting system has established a market value of US$10 billion, the highest on the global Internet. Therefore, Wu Xiaoling, dean of Tsinghua PBC School of Finance, pointed out: The blockchain experiment established distributed credit, which is an upgraded version of Internet TCP/IP, upgrading from information transmission to value transmission;
4. Bitcoin’s blocks What are the inherent flaws of chain systems?
The Bitcoin blockchain system has been successful since it was open sourced on the Internet in 2009, but it also shows some inherent flaws that are difficult to overcome:
The total amount cannot change with the market situation and will inevitably rise and fall;
Mining is high-carbon. Only less than 1% of miners can compete for the accounting rights of less than ten minutes of blocks. More than 99% of other miners participating in the competition waste their computing power;
About 10% every year. Inflation has greatly increased the cost of the Bitcoin financial ecosystem and even threatened her survival;
As a decentralized self-organizing DAC system, the operating costs of the accounting and issuance functions are too high.
As a global payment system, its efficiency is far from meeting the actual requirements of global trade. The Bitcoin network currently confirms a maximum of 7 transactions per second. In comparison, Visa's network system can process 10,000 transactions per second at the fastest, and Alipay's record is 80,000 transactions per second on Singles' Day in 2014!
5. Block The development of chain technology 2.0:
As the 2.0 upgrade and development of blockchain, it first focuses on solving the high-carbon mining of Bitcoin accounting:
When we discuss how to overcome the high carbon of Bitcoin mining and accounting Professor Liu Taoxiong from the Tsinghua Institute of Economics pointed out that mining competition relies on computing power. In the end, only one company competes for the legal accounting rights, and the other 99% of the miner nodes are mined for nothing, which is a waste of resources. It is obviously unreasonable. If The whole network transparently knows the legal accounting rights of the next block, and it is randomly generated in the entire network, which eliminates the high carbon cost of competitive accounting! After hearing this, we all praised Professor Liu for his brilliant idea, because the second generation is now more successful. Coin NXT has this mechanism. Their white paper is called "Transparent Forging". However, the probability of the accounting rights going to someone is directly proportional to the NXT token holdings in each miner node wallet. This is called the proof of equity mechanism ( PROOF OF STOCK). Of course, this also triggered a debate about the unfairness of NXT’s distribution of tokens to early investment developers!
RIPPLE is a semi-decentralized blockchain solution that uses “trusted gateways” to conduct block operations. The credibility of chain accounting is based on the consensus ledger protocol that these gateways will not do evil at the same time.
The most ambitious attempt is Ethereum, which combines blockchain technology with Turing completeness, hoping to develop a basic platform that can support the construction of various blockchain systems in the future. The development of various credit currencies, digital assets, smart protocols and even financial derivatives. The system design is to unify blockchain accounting on the ETHERUM platform and be used by all developers. Maybe their official version will be released in the near future.
6. Possible applications of blockchain innovation in other fields:
Now, blockchain’s attempts to establish decentralized credit are no longer limited to the financial world, but have attracted attention from all fields of society, especially in At present, some of China’s central credits, such as the “Red Cross Society”, are in a state of “collapse”.Blockchain can provide a new way of thinking and technical options for social management. Here are some new developments and related discussions we have learned about:
The combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things unifies digital assets and atomic assets. Eradicate the difference between consumer assets and cash assets, expand public credit, and accelerate value circulation; (IBM-Samsung)
Establish an intellectual property protection system on the blockchain, keep accounts of the use of intellectual property across the entire network, and establish global advertising Market;
Whether blockchain can provide technical support for the issuance of protocol-based cryptographic currencies in emerging economies along the Belt and Road Initiative;
Blockchain + cloud computing can develop into decentralized self-media and community systems;< br>Blockchain can build a decentralized equity crowdfunding system, allowing innovative projects to enter the circulation field in advance;
Blockchain can develop a fully transparent financial management system;
Blockchain supports the establishment of a global Centralized corporate organization.
In short, in this era when credit has become a scarce resource, the technological innovation of blockchain, as a distributed credit model, provides new opportunities for finance, social management, talent evaluation and decentralized organization construction in the global market. All provide a broad development prospect.

⑵ Please tell me why digital currency can get rid of the hegemony of the US dollar. What is the principle? Principle, principle, principle. Don’t answer questions that are wrong. Thank you

Digital currency is actually produced using blockchain technology. A set of passwords.
What is a world currency is a means of circulation and a measure of value that countries around the world recognize and are willing to use.
Digital currency is extremely confidential and safe. Once widely promoted and used, it will become an international payment method and a world currency standard, creating conditions for a unified currency in the world.
Of course it can replace currency.

⑶ Why digital currency can replace the hegemony of the US dollar

Take the RMB as an example for a brief analysis. My rough opinion is that even if it cannot replace the hegemony of the US dollar, it can greatly promote the internationalization of the RMB and challenge the hegemony of the US dollar. The same applies to digital currencies in other countries. The reasons are as follows:

First of all, let’s popularize the digital RMB:

Digital currency is with the continuous maturity of blockchain technology. At present, many countries have begun to study and implement digital legal currency. China After years of research, the People's Bank of China has made major breakthroughs in technology and is currently arranging pilot projects in some cities. The so-called digital currency, simply put, is a legal encrypted digital currency that has the same functions as RMB banknotes and coins, except that it exists in an electronic state. It is essentially different from the current deposits in banks, or the change in Alipay and WeChat. The above deposits in Alipay, WeChat and banks are only electronic banknotes, and their transactions rely on the payment and clearing system and network of the People's Bank of China. The use of digital currency is It's like taking RMB notes out of your wallet. The digital currency promoted by the People's Bank of China is a cryptocurrency, and its operating logic is similar to that currently available in the market.Bitcoin is similar in that it is a decentralized currency system, but Bitcoin is not a legal currency, while the digital currency promoted by the Bank of my country is a legal currency, and its credit is endorsed by our country. Digital currency solves the difficulties that traditional currency (or traditional transaction model) cannot solve: complete information records of all transactions, authenticity of transaction information, and non-tampering of transaction information.

Financial transactions in today’s world are centralized, and the center is the U.S. dollar. For more than 100 years, the U.S. dollar has been the world's currency. Now about 40% of the world's international trade is settled in U.S. dollars, and 88% of global foreign exchange transactions use the U.S. dollar. Next, let’s take a look at whether the digital RMB can replace the dominance of the US dollar? First of all, currency is the medium of exchange. The competition between different currencies is actually the competition between the purchasing power of currencies. Which currency can stably buy more products and services, then this currency may become a universal medium of exchange. , as the world's second largest economy, there is no doubt about the stable purchasing power of China's RMB, and it will have a strong competitive advantage in future currency competition.

Since the digital RMB is decentralized, cross-border transactions between countries do not need to be settled through the Federal Reserve. I believe that in the foreseeable future, even if it cannot replace the dominance of the US dollar, it may greatly promote the internationalization of the RMB. change.

⑷ Regarding Bitcoin falling below 10,000 US dollars, what is the principle of Bitcoin and blockchain?

When we were children, we all played the game of throwing handkerchiefs, and we wanted to get something from the game of throwing handkerchiefs. To win, we not only need to have quick eyesight and quick hands, but also need to know the information as soon as possible, because children holding handkerchiefs will quickly pass by us and then drop the handkerchiefs inadvertently. But in the process of throwing the handkerchiefs, these children There will definitely be a pause behind us. If we can detect this pause, we can seize the opportunity to catch this child.

The same is true for Bitcoin. Many people always feel that Bitcoin is a process of constant rise and fall. As long as they buy it when the price is low, they can wait for the price of Bitcoin to rise with peace of mind. When the price of Bitcoin rises to a certain level, you can gain huge wealth by selling the Bitcoins in your hands. This idea is actually completely wrong.

So I think the principle of Bitcoin is similar to that of throwing a handkerchief. First, we must know the news and seize the opportunity. Secondly, we must understand whose handkerchief belongs to In the hand, the last and most critical point is that in the process of throwing the handkerchief, you must have quick eyes and quick hands. Don't wait for a good opportunity. Every turn is the best opportunity.

⑸ Trillions of debt in the United States are unsustainable. Things have changed after Iran replaced the U.S. dollar with RMB

Although, in the past week, Federal Reserve officials began to discuss the topic of reducing the central bank’s bond purchase plan. , but Fed Chairman Powell said in a speech on January 14, local time in the United States, “Raising interest rates is not coming soon, and refutes suggestions that the Fed may soon begin to reduce the size of its bond purchases.” This also basically confirms the Fed’s super dovish stance that we emphasized before and will see the Fed We will continue to maintain ultra-loose policies.

Charles Evans, a senior economist at the Federal Reserve, also said on the 13th that the United States will need to add another 3.5 trillion in quantitative easing to offset the inability to lower interest rates below zero. Fed Chairman Powell further stated Warning: U.S. federal debt is not on a sustainable path.

Currently, the Federal Reserve is rapidly expanding its balance sheet by purchasing at least 120 billion in government bonds and mortgage-backed securities every month. In the past 37 weeks, the United States has expanded its balance sheet to the market through purchases by the Federal Reserve. Bonds of various maturities and various economic stimulus packages have released a total of more than 19 trillion US dollars in monetary liquidity. Obviously, the Federal Reserve is close to running out of money in its monetary policy tools and has to turn to the government to provide more stimulus.

The latest news shows that the United States plans to launch another 2 trillion economic stimulus package. The U.S. Treasury Department even hinted that it will issue U.S. bonds with a maturity of 100 years. This also means that there is no limit now. The degree of easing and negative interest rates are expected to turn US dollar liquidity from drought to flood, and affect the status of the US dollar, prompting the world to search for alternatives. According to the latest data from the IMF, the share of the US dollar fell to the lowest in two years in the third quarter of 2020, and its share was unexpected. It dropped to 60.2%. It is worth mentioning that in 2000, the proportion was as high as 73%.

Similarly, to the surprise of the market, since 2008, their counterparts in emerging markets and European countries have been selling U.S. bonds and replacing gold at a rate not seen in more than 50 years. According to World Gold According to the latest report of the association in January, in the first 11 months of 2020, global central banks net purchased more than 240 tons of gold. At the same time, in recent years, European and emerging market countries have set off a trend of shipping gold stored in the United States back to their countries. The development of the matter is that just three months ago, Poland officially announced that it would ship back gold stored overseas.

The above new news may bring about important currency changes since 1971 when Nixon closed the gold convertibility window to the U.S. dollar and the disintegration of the Bretton Woods system. It also shows that the global market is beginning to lose trust in the U.S. dollar-dominated monetary system. , according to the Bank for International Settlements, the continued spread of the new coronavirus in Europe and the United States may prompt countries to accelerate the adoption of digital payments and cryptocurrency, because the current US dollar-dominated international settlement system no longer meets the new requirements of global commerce, as the data As shown, the status of major reserve currencies is not static. The message below is feeding back this analysis.

According to Russian media RT last week, there are now more and more digital currencies or encrypted numbers anchoring strategic resources (gold, oil, diamonds, etc.) with blockchain technology on the market. currency to bypass the U.S. dollar, at the same time, the European Union, Russia and emerging market countries are also jointly revaluing the strategic economic value of gold. For example, just three weeks ago, the Dutch central bank wrote an article suggesting that if the US dollar collapses, gold can be used as the basis for establishing a monetary system again. It seems to be ready for the gold standard. This is quite rare because this is a Western developed country that offers negative interest rates. The voice of de-dollarization.

Foreign media analysis believes that at present, many European countries, including Germany, France, the Netherlands, etc., may be fully prepared to endorse the monetary gold standard or the euro digital currency backed by gold. Obviously, from Germany in recent years, The U.S. dollar can be considered to be somewhat unreliable when it comes to shipping some of the gold stored in the United States back to the country in advance.

Immediately afterwards, Reuters quoted sources as saying two weeks ago that the European Central Bank, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, Japan, Sweden and the Bank for International Settlements have jointly formed a digital currency development team , which means that traditional allies of the United States and neutral countries such as Switzerland may be working together to decentralize the U.S. dollar using digital currencies based on blockchain as the core.

In this regard, Zerohedge said in a follow-up report last week that it is obvious that Europe and emerging markets are preparing for the US dollar to lose its currency status in the future. The latest example is that Iran has already lost its currency status in commodity trade or In bilateral currency settlement, the US dollar was abandoned and other currencies were used instead. In the field of foreign exchange, the RMB replaced the original US dollar and became one of the major foreign exchange currencies. In addition, there is news that Iran's newly replaced national currency will also be anchored to the RMB. Exchange rate, according to a report by the Iranian Financial Tribune a week ago, the share of RMB in Iran’s foreign exchange reserves is close to 18%. At the same time, relevant Iranian institutions are also preparing to legalize cryptocurrency mining and issue encrypted digital currencies anchored to the local currency and gold. Bypass the dollar.

Some analysts pointed out that as digital currencies continue to expand their share in international commerce and payments, the spillover effects of the U.S. dollar through exchange rates will weaken, making it easier for countries to bypass the U.S. dollar and possibly weakening the status of the U.S. dollar. and the influence of the U.S. financial system. As a result, the global demand for the U.S. dollar will decrease. In addition, the surging U.S. debt deficit of more than 27.7 trillion U.S. dollars has always been a shadow on the U.S. dollar, but now It didn’t happen, but when U.S. inflation rises and pushes interest rates higher, this trend will be more obvious, and at this critical moment, the unexpected occurs again.

According to Reuters a week ago, citing two sources from Japan’s Ministry of Finance and Japan’s Financial Services Agency, Japan’s four banking giants plan to establish a committee on digital currencies and establish an international committee for cryptocurrency payments. The Internet makes it easier for many countries, including Iran, to achieve de-dollarization in some commodities, including oil. Data shows that Iran is Japan’s main oil exporter. Then, according to Russian media RT two weeks ago, the Russian Central Bank Also studyingResearch on proposals to establish a cross-border digital currency backed by gold, and the feasibility of a digital currency backed by the European Central Bank that bypasses SWIFT, is expected to make new progress in the coming months.

⑹ Is the root cause of the Bitcoin craze to get rid of the US dollar?

Many countries have begun to protect their economies from seemingly inevitable economic trends. De-dollarization is popular not only with countries but also with investors, mainly due to global technological growth and the increasing popularity of the Internet. At the same time, global financial markets also reflect the de-dollarization trend.

Currently, many countries are following this approach. The United States continued to exert financial and economic pressure on various countries through international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, so these countries united to resist U.S. interference. Technological advances have accelerated the shift to the United Kingdom and the United States as global financial centers. First of all, the uncontrolled printing of US dollars has also distorted global economic development, causing the stock market to inflate and the US debt to get out of control. Quantitative easing monetary policy, derivatives Ponzi schemes and other forms of financial leverage have also led to manipulation of the global gold market. Just like the 2008 financial crisis, if the market collapses, major central banks will use quantitative easing monetary policies to tide over the difficulties and ensure market cash flow, leaving taxpayers and small investors to bear the pain of the financial crisis.

Ordinary people may not be able to understand market conditions in a timely manner. But in fact, the dollar is depreciating. However, gold is still manipulated and controlled. Like other markets, the gold market is affected by the U.S. dollar, central financial institutions, and market manipulation.

The expansion of the cryptocurrency market is not only related to the popularity of the Internet and smartphones and the development of the digital world. It is also regarded by investors as a safe haven from central financial institutions and major central banks. Whether Bitcoin can prove to be a long-term investment remains to be seen, but the cryptocurrency idea is here. The blockchain technology that supports cryptocurrency is definitely a model for decentralized economic transactions. Through blockchain technology, cryptocurrency transactions will not involve any middle party that can manipulate and distort the market at will.

⑺ What are the applications of blockchain in other industries

1. Monetary and fiscal policies. Central banks of many countries, including China, are paying attention to blockchain technology. They can By recording currency in every transaction, we can know who and which industries are transferring currency. The central bank can use blockchain technology and big data analysis to implement precise fiscal and monetary policies. In the past, after the central bank issued currency, it could only be judged based on the market's reaction, past experience and macro data, and monetary and fiscal policies tended to lag behind. At the same time, blockchain can prevent money laundering, which is more efficient and scientific than the demonetization order of the Modi government in India.

2. For the clearing and settlement of financial transactions, banks essentially serve as safe warehouses and transmission hubs for funds, and blockchain has basically similar functions as a digital, secure and tamper-proof ledger. .This means that the disruptive wave of blockchain-based fraud may have a profound impact on banks in the future. In fact, UBS and the British bank Barclays have already begun experiments using blockchain technology to speed up back-end settlement functions. Some banks even say that blockchain can reduce middleman costs by at least $20 billion.

3. E-commerce payments and transfers. In a recent report, the World Economic Forum believed that decentralized payment technology may change the money transfer business that has remained unchanged for more than 100 years. system organization. Blockchain has the ability to bypass these clunky systems and create a more straightforward payment process. This will cross borders, have no intermediaries, cost very little, and most importantly, transfers can be completed almost instantaneously.