区块链供应链金融应用图景分析,区块链供应链金融应用图景研究
近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，供应链金融应用也受到越来越多的关注。本文将通过对区块链供应链金融应用图景的分析，介绍区块链供应链金融的发展趋势及其可能带来的变革。
首先，区块链技术有助于改善供应链金融中存在的资金流动性问题。区块链可以构建一个公开透明的账本系统，使得供应链金融参与者能够更加容易地获得资金，从而更快地完成金融交易。
其次，区块链技术可以改善供应链金融中存在的信息不对称问题。通过区块链技术，可以构建一个可信的信息共享网络，使得供应链金融参与者能够更加容易地获取有关供应链金融的信息，从而减少信息不对称带来的风险。
此外，区块链技术还可以改善供应链金融中存在的成本问题。通过区块链技术，可以构建一个可信的自动化系统，使得供应链金融参与者能够更加容易地完成金融交易，从而降低金融交易的成本。
因此，区块链技术可以有效地帮助解决供应链金融中存在的资金流动性、信息不对称以及成本等问题，从而推动供应链金融的发展。
区块链技术的发展也将带来供应链金融的变革。首先，区块链技术可以改变供应链金融的模式，使得金融机构能够更加容易地完成金融交易，从而更加高效地实现供应链金融的发展。其次，区块链技术可以改变供应链金融的结构，使得金融机构能够更加容易地完成金融交易，从而更加有效地实现供应链金融的发展。
总之，随着区块链技术的发展，供应链金融应用也会受到越来越多的关注，并有望带来变革。
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① What are the fields involved in blockchain applications and what are the specific scenarios?
Blockchain technology is widely used, and with the integration of new technologies, the The main application scenarios cover many fields such as finance and insurance, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent environmental protection, energy and electricity, medical and health care, education, cultural and creative industries, smart cities, social welfare, agriculture, etc.
Blockchain + Finance
Blockchain can help financial institutions solve problems such as trust and data sharing.
Blockchain + Copyright Art Category
Tianhe Guoyun’s Blockchain Copyright System
3. Blockchain + Government Affairs
In terms of statistics, voting, budget management, etc., blockchain can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase transparency to prevent the risk of failure of centralized systems.
4. Blockchain + Insurance
Fraud identification and risk prevention: By placing insurance claims under an immutable general ledger, blockchain can help eliminate confusion in the insurance industry. Common sources of fraud.
Property insurance and casualty insurance: Policies and shared ledgers recorded in the form of smart contracts can improve the efficiency of property insurance and casualty insurance.
Health insurance: Blockchain technology allows medical records to be encrypted and shared among health service providers, thereby improving the interoperability of the health insurance ecosystem.
Reinsurance: The information security of reinsurance contracts on the blockchain platform is guaranteed through smart contracts, which can reduce the amount of information and simplify the payment process between insurers and reinsurers.
② How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?
Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once added, the node enjoys the same rights as all other nodes.Such rights and obligations (decentralized and distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain The virtual currency generated by technology is gradually entering into everyone's life, and many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn a young model. You can imagine how many of them are involved. Attractive.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.
Digital currency
After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.
Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.
my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public, but the central bank redeems the digital currency.to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, which will then exchange them to the public for their use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.
Financial asset transaction settlement
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the underlying encryption technology of the blockchain ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and safe. Regulators can easily track transactions on the chain and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.
Digital Government Affairs
Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Evidence storage and anti-counterfeiting
Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamp, and its publicFeatures such as openness, non-tamperability, and traceability provide perfect solutions for forensic authentication, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.
Data services
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and play a huge role in data circulation and sharing. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed. The limelight overshadowed everything. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era. The past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The authorization process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. There is no way to satisfy the needs of the Internet.Online works have the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.
From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.
Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.
Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing
Facilitate transaction data Sharing
Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be duplicated.Problems such as the difficulty in verifying the off-site performance provided by bidders during the bid evaluation process, the difficulty in troubleshooting when the same person serves as project manager repeatedly, and the low cost of breach of trust by transaction entities. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.
The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered with can ensure the data circulation process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".
Blockchain-based transaction witness
"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" ( The State Office Letter [2019] No. 41) pointed out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, files, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.
Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding companies
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk.The guarantee rates for most bidders have been increased to a certain extent.
At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .
Promote financial services for bidding companies
The bidding behavior of bidders is scattered in various trading centers, and the data is simply aggregated In a centralized information system, there is a risk of data tampering (untrustworthy), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be gathered and shared safely and reliably. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.
Solving the financing problems of successful bidders
Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.
Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data trustworthiness but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.
Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split and heldThe winning bidder with a "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier to achieve discount and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.
Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.
Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.
So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.
Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.
Decentralization solves problems.
What application scenarios can blockchain have?
In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day
However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.
What are the economic applications of blockchain?
The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.
Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time
The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management
Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.
Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete or modify.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
What is blockchain If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improve the entire trading network from one starThe structure has become a peer-to-peer P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
③ What are the application scenarios of blockchain?
I saw a lot of information about blockchain on the soon-to-be-launched blockchain. It will transform the information Internet into a value Internet. At the same time, Kuaishangxian has accumulated a lot of experience in these technologies and has made great efforts in Internet finance. Go online soon. Through research, it is concluded that blockchain will greatly improve the current life scenes. In which scenarios blockchain can be applied, I will list some answers here for reference only:
1. Information anti-counterfeiting
2. Food safety issues
p>3. Information Security
1. Identity Protection
2. Data Integrity Protection
3. Critical Infrastructure Protection
IV. Financial industry
1. Digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use
2. Cross-border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transactions and reduce middlemen Fees
3. Bills and supply chain finance business: reduce human intervention, reduce costs and operational risks
4. Securities issuance and trading: achieve quasi-real-time asset transfer and accelerate transaction clearing speed
5. Customer credit reporting and anti-fraud: reduce legal compliance costs and prevent financial crimes
6. Equity crowdfunding: Equity crowdfunding based on blockchain technology Fundraising can achieve decentralized trust and investors’ returns are guaranteed.
V. Bu Tuan Chuan Supply Chain Management
VI. Government Affairs Management
1. SelectionExamples
2. Government services
④ What are the application scenarios of blockchain?
Although blockchain technology is still in its early stages, this The advantages of this technology have begun to be reflected. In many fields, blockchain can generate huge value. I believe there will be more practical application scenarios in the future.
Blockchain + Cross-border Payment
The current mainstream cross-border remittance method is wire transfer, and its cycle is generally three to five working days. In addition to the intermediate bank charging a certain handling fee , a company called SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) will also charge higher fees for the message exchange carried out by its system. In my country, cross-border remittances through Bank of China will be charged a single fee of 150 yuan.
The use of blockchain technology allows the remitter and payee to pay and settle directly, eliminating all intermediate costs, allowing cross-border payment and settlement to be completed quickly point-to-point, improving In addition to the speed of clearing, it can also achieve round-the-clock payment, real-time arrival, simple implementation and no hidden costs.
⑤ How to use blockchain in supply chain finance
Problems such as data fraud and untrustworthy data exist, which have brought difficulties to many application scenarios such as financial supervision and risk control. Serious challenges have arisen, and they are becoming a major obstacle to large-scale data interconnection and sharing. The issue of data authenticity and credibility has long affected all areas of society. In the era of artificial intelligence that relies more on data, this impact will be more prominent.
Data falsification may occur at any stage. Among them, falsification during data storage is often easier: because under existing data storage technology, the owner, manager or entrusted storage party of the data has the ability to unilaterally tamper with or delete the data at will.
Since an important reason for the untrustworthiness of data is that one party can tamper with and delete data without authorization, how to avoid this problem has naturally attracted a lot of attention in the industry. The birth of blockchain and decentralized storage technology has played a certain role in curbing data tampering, and has also achieved preliminary verification in the market.
Many companies are beginning to try to use blockchain to store data, such as in cargo traceability and other scenarios. The approach is often to write important data directly into the block. This simple and crude approach does solve the need to prevent data deletion and then satisfy the trustworthy sharing of some data, but it has many problems:
First of all, it is unable to store massive data: the block is not suitable Store big data including multimedia data, otherwise the block size will be difficult to control, making the scalability of the blockchain worse. This leads to the need to filter and select raw data in the business, and only select a small amount of necessary data to store in the block, but this will reduce the richness of trusted data.
The second is the low efficiency of data access: First, due to the existence of the packaging process, blockchain data storage is generally not used for high-speed data writing. Secondly, due to theWith the historical data reading method, the blockchain cannot support fast indexing, let alone SQL.
The data maintenance efficiency is low again: due to its sequential reference characteristics, the blockchain does not support the deletion and modification of individual historical data (unless the entire chain is regenerated, but this is not what the blockchain should do) encouraged behavior). It should be noted here: "Put an end to unilateral private tampering" and "No deletion at all" are two completely different things. The former is a technical means to ensure mutual trust, but the latter may be a loss of necessary function points.
Finally, there is the risk of data loss: this risk refers solely to the PoW blockchain system that adopts the longest chain principle of Satoshi Nakamoto consensus. In this type of blockchain, when a chain fork occurs, the longest (or heaviest) chain branch will be retained, and other branches will be discarded, which makes the data in the block actually exist forever and be "subverted" ”, the risk of being discarded. The existence of attacks such as selfish mining will exacerbate this risk. This is unacceptable in data storage applications.
It is precisely because of the above reasons that directly using traditional blockchain for data storage obviously cannot meet the needs for trusted data storage in a large number of practical scenarios. This issue has also triggered a lot of discussions, such as "what data should be stored on the chain and what data should be stored off the chain." The root cause of these problems is due to the limited storage efficiency and capabilities of the blockchain itself. After all, in the database era, we never talk about "what data should be stored outside the database".
In recent years, some products have also appeared, providing useful practices to solve the above-mentioned inefficiency problem of blockchain data storage, such as:
Interstellar File System IPFS, R3’s Corda , Tencent TrustSQL, etc. However, these products still have more or less problems in the trusted storage of data. Specifically:
IPFS generates a hash summary of the data content and performs distributed storage among multiple nodes. A single The holder does not have complete data, thus protecting data privacy to a certain extent. However, IPFS can only be modified and known (because the hash value will change due to content changes), and there are no data security measures such as access control. Overall, it is still difficult to meet the needs of enterprise-level services.
Corda is a storage product tailored for the privacy needs of financial transactions, focusing on the privacy of data storage. For this reason, Corda does not have a global ledger and requires the existence of witnesses. It is a private but not secure and trustworthy data storage solution.
TrustSQL and other similar domestic products adopt a simple and intuitive design idea, which is also the most common practice in China at present, that is: first store the data in the database (or IPFS), and then store the operation records and data The hash etc. are stored on the chain. Compared with TrustSQL, some similar products such as Zhongxianbit’s ChainSQL have further improved their support for SQL. This type of product satisfies the requirements of data "auditability" and "supervision"."Transparent" needs, but the disadvantage is that it still cannot eliminate the deletion and modification of the data itself, but can only make the "deletion and modification visible"; in addition, the preservation of key data needs to rely on the full copy storage of participating nodes, and the storage cost is slightly higher. And in The design of data privacy is still insufficient.
In view of the shortcomings in the above-mentioned products, Wuyuan Technology has explored a different path through original technological innovation and launched an independent intellectual property product "ImSQL". It aims to provide a trusted storage product that can truly ensure that data is not tampered with or deleted privately.
ImSQL (Immutable SQL Database) is a new type of trustworthy storage technology based on blockchain and distributed storage technology. Trusted data storage solution, and perfectly solves core issues such as "preventing private deletion", "protecting data privacy", and "reducing storage costs", providing a reliable technical path for trusted storage and data sharing in the big data era.< /p>
Compared with existing products, ImSQL has the following outstanding advantages:
1. Completely eliminate unilateral private tampering and deletion of data. Verify and prevent tampering and deletion during the storage process, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of the data in an all-round way, so that participants in the application can trust each other and accept other parties' data with confidence, so that the data can support accurate traceability and accountability.
2. Eliminate single points of failure. Multiple parties share data while also jointly maintaining data. Data does not only exist in one party, and fundamentally realizes a trusted shared pool of distributed data, which not only avoids the risk of single point failure, but also improves Improves the efficiency of data sharing.
3. Fragmented storage meets data privacy requirements and prevents any party from mastering complete data, thus solving the problem of centralized storage of traditional cloud computing or full copy storage of blockchain. Existing data privacy issues. Except for the data owner, no other storage custodian can obtain complete data.
4. Excellent data access performance: ImSQL single node can reach a writing speed of 3000 TPS and Reading speed of 10,000 QPS. In addition, ImSQL also has the following advantages: supports SQL language, can be horizontally expanded, has excellent access performance and user experience, and can make full use of cluster expansion to further increase the above indicators several times.
5. Meet the efficient access requirements for big data such as multimedia, support efficient access, efficient indexing, and efficient expansion, and are truly competent in big data business scenarios, and can achieve both trustworthy and efficient storage of video and other data, thus Provide an unprecedented trusted security experience for scenarios such as video surveillance.
6. Adopting a sharded design greatly reduces the storage pressure and cost of each storage participant, giving more participants opportunities Join and participate in the ecosystem of trusted data sharing.
7. Distributed architecture, compatible with light nodes, encourages more nodes to participate. There are no super nodes, and nodes participating in storage have the same status, which is better Ensure system reliability and invulnerability.In addition, if a node chooses to run in light copy mode, it can only store part of the data, greatly reducing its own storage pressure. Although its obligations are reduced, its power will not be affected in any way.
ImSQL takes into account database attributes such as massive storage, fast indexing, and horizontal expansion, as well as the blockchain characteristics of data being stored and solidified. It is expected to be used in many fields that focus on trusted data storage and sharing. It brings unprecedented user experience and convenience, such as: realizing the interoperability and mutual trust of data from all parties in the supply chain, realizing the interconnection and interoperability of data between various departments of the government or large enterprises, and supporting the storage of massive data related to trusted traceability, etc.
Take government big data construction as an example. Achieving efficient data interconnection among the many different government departments and entities has always been a difficult problem. The current practice often requires the establishment of an independent big data department and an independent data storage system, which pulls relevant data from different entities, analyzes it, reconstructs it, and then visualizes it. This often brings about large upfront expenses, including explicit expenses such as people, finances, and materials, as well as implicit expenses such as staffing, rights, responsibilities, interests, time costs, and department walls. At the same time, the existence of an independent big data department also implies the need for a trusted third party to endorse or even assume responsibility. If ImSQL is used as the underlying platform for data interoperability in this scenario, this task can be completed more efficiently, as shown in:
There is no need to rely on third-party entity endorsement: data between different entities can be Write directly to ImSQL, and the data will be preserved as soon as it is written. The data can no longer be tampered with or deleted privately by any party, ensuring the availability, consistency and credibility of the data when other entities access it at any time;
No need to Establish and maintain additional data storage systems: Data is jointly stored and maintained by all participating entities. It is naturally shared and connected, which reduces system implementation and maintenance costs without reducing usage efficiency. At the same time, ImSQL's data fragmentation storage technology can realize data sharing while also taking into account privacy protection. That is, the data stored by all entities can be incomplete fragments, and only those entities with access rights can search for fragmented data. , keys to combination and interpretation.
In summary, as a reliable and tamper-proof data storage technology, ImSQL fully inherits the advantages of blockchain data preservation, and breaks through the efficiency weaknesses of blockchain, providing a Users are provided with the same efficient data access experience as the database. ImSQL is a new category created by the combination of blockchain and database technology, and it is the best choice to achieve trusted data storage.
⑥ What are the application prospects of blockchain?
The application prospects of blockchain are mainly in the financial field, the Internet of Things and logistics, public services, digital copyright, and insurance.
1. Blockchain has huge potential application prospects in financial fields such as international exchange, letters of credit, equity registration and stock exchanges. The application of blockchain technology in the financial industry can eliminate the need for third-party intermediaries and achieve direct point-to-point connection.
2. Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the Internet of Things and logistics fields. This field is considered to be a promising application direction of blockchain. Establishing credit resources in the blockchain can double improve the security of transactions and improve the convenience of IoT transactions. Save time and cost for smart logistics model applications.
3. Blockchain is closely related to people’s production and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through point-to-point data transmission services between various nodes in the network.
4. Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated, proving the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensuring the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the rights of the work are confirmed on the blockchain, subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time, realizing full life cycle management of digital copyright, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection.
5. In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment, and claims settlement, and often have high management and operating costs. Through the application of smart contracts, there is no need for the policy holder to apply or the insurance company to approve it. As long as the claim settlement conditions are triggered, the insurance policy can automatically settle claims.
(6) Extended reading on the application landscape of blockchain supply chain finance:
The core technology of blockchain
1. The consensus mechanism completes the verification and confirmation of transactions in a short period of time through the voting of special nodes; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, it can be considered that the entire network can also reach a consensus on it. consensus. The goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to enable all honest nodes to maintain a consistent view of the blockchain.
2. Asymmetric encryption requires two keys for encryption and decryption. These two keys are the public key and the private key. The public key corresponds to the private key. When the public key is used in the encryption process of data, it can only be decrypted by using the corresponding private key. On the contrary, when the private key is used in encrypting the data, only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt the data. Only the corresponding public key can be decrypted.
⑦ What are the application scenarios of blockchain?
Major companies in the industry: Ping An of China (601318), Donggang Co., Ltd. (002117), Information Development (300469), Yuangguang Software (002063) , Boss Software (300525), Feitian Integrity (300386), Sifang Jingchuang (300468), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (601398), SF Holding (002352)
The core data of this article: China’s blockchain downstream application structure, China’s blockchain market size
The enthusiasm for blockchain investment has eased
The frequency and amount of investment and financing increased sharply from 2016 to 2018. As of October 2018, China’s blockchain The number of company/project financings reached 349, with the total financing reaching 17.078 billion yuan. The number of financing events in 2019 was 149, a year-on-year decrease of 50%.The amount of funds was 3.49 billion yuan, down 75% year-on-year. Capital investors’ investment in blockchain companies has gradually become more rational. After entering 2020, capital's enthusiasm for investment in blockchain has further declined. In 2020, there were a total of 114 financing events in the blockchain industry, with a financing amount of 6.5 billion yuan.
The above data refers to the "China Blockchain Industry Market Foresight and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" by the Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.
⑧ Blockchain technology realizes full-process visualization of the supply chain
Blockchain essentially solves privacy and security protection, information traceability, transaction compliance, data authenticity and The process handles efficiency issues and directly addresses the difficulties of supply chain management. It has strong applicability and application value in supply chain scenarios.
Data sharing: Through information encryption and decryption authorization, zero-knowledge proof and other privacy protection mechanisms, blockchain can solve the long-standing contradiction between data privacy and data sharing value, and eliminate the concerns of relevant parties in data sharing. No worries;
Data traceability and qualification assurance: Blockchain is a traceable block chain data structure built in a peer-to-peer network environment, which has the characteristics of data traceability and anti-counterfeiting and tampering , ensuring the true traceability of the entire chain data (including supply chain status information and related enterprise qualification information, etc.). True and traceable data will become an important foundation for product anti-counterfeiting, supply chain management, supply chain finance and other business development;
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in four representative scenarios in the supply chain field: (1) Traceability and visualization (2) Supply chain collaboration (3) Logistics process optimization (4) Supply chain finance.
Blockchain + IoT technology can realize full-chain visualization of the supply chain. Among them, the characteristics of blockchain technology such as distributed storage, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism ensure that the storage and circulation of key data of relevant parties are authentic and trustworthy. The Internet of Things technology can ensure the comprehensiveness of the on-chain data and its authenticity and reliability. The combination of the two jointly improves the coverage and authenticity of data in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain.
As an enterprise-level blockchain service platform, Jiamu Technology is committed to building a more secure and stable blockchain environment for customers, simplifying deployment, operation, maintenance and development processes, and achieving rapid business on-chain.
Both upstream and downstream companies in the supply chain, as well as consumers and regulators, will benefit from this supply chain visibility. Jiamu Technology believes that for upstream and downstream companies in the supply chain, having a complete product traceability system has become a crucial and differentiated success factor for relevant companies to respond to consumer demand.
For example, in the fresh food industry, fresh food manufacturersAnd retail companies can accurately control the temperature, humidity and storage time of each link through blockchain + IoT. By combining the analysis of inventory, logistics and shelf data, the real consumption of fresh products can be fed back to the upstream of the supply chain to optimize Procurement rhythm and procurement decisions, timely adjustment of inventory levels and turnover rates, effective distribution at the distribution end, and reduction of product losses. Thereby optimizing inventory management, improving the quality of fresh products, and gaining favor from consumers.
For consumers, they can scan the traceability code to realize the full-process traceability of goods down to one item and one code, and easily read product quality information. For regulatory agencies, in the context of the country’s increasing requirements for commodity safety supervision, blockchain + IoT provides the necessary technical support to improve supervision efficiency and accuracy.
At present, commodity traceability technology based on blockchain and the Internet of Things has been implemented in many scenarios such as food traceability and drug traceability. Large consumer goods manufacturing companies, retailers, and government regulatory authorities are actively involved in related blockchain construction.
The promotion of industry-level applications of blockchain is inseparable from people’s deepening understanding of blockchain technology. Jiamu Technology actively promotes the implementation of blockchain technology, pays close attention to the development of the industry and actively sorts out the industry. dynamic. Driven by favorable policies, more companies will participate in the construction of the blockchain landscape in the future, conduct innovative research and work together in the research and development of underlying technology, promotion of application scenarios, and cultivation of industrial ecology to jointly build blockchain prosperity. picture.
