区块链技术原理总结报告,区块链技术原理总结与体会

近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，其在金融、政府、企业等领域的应用也越来越多。本文将从原理上对区块链技术进行总结与体会，以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这一技术。

首先，区块链技术是一种分布式的数据库，它可以实现数据的安全存储和传输。它的基本原理是将数据分割成一个个小块，然后通过加密算法将这些小块组合成一个整体，并将其存储在网络中的每一个节点上。这样，即使攻击者攻击其中一个节点，也无法获取整个数据库的信息。

其次，区块链技术还可以实现数据的不可篡改性。这是因为每一个区块都包含了前一个区块的信息，也就是所谓的“区块链”，因此，如果要篡改某一个区块，则必须同时篡改其前面所有的区块，这样的操作是不可能实现的。

此外，区块链技术还可以实现数据的匿名性，这是因为每一个节点只能看到自己的数据，而不能看到其他节点的数据，因此，每一个节点都是匿名的。

最后，区块链技术还可以实现数据的去中心化，这是因为它是一种分布式数据库，没有中央服务器，每个节点都是平等的，它们之间的数据传输是相互独立的，因此，整个系统是去中心化的。

总结而言，区块链技术具有安全性、不可篡改性、匿名性和去中心化等特点，是一种革命性的技术，可以有效解决传统数据库存在的安全性、可靠性和效率问题，并且在金融、政府、企业等领域有着广泛的应用前景。因此，了解和掌握区块链技术，对于抢占未来市场具有重要意义。

❶ What is the principle of blockchain technology development?

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a combination of data blocks that are connected sequentially in chronological order. A chained data structure and a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

Working Principle

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

❷ How does the blockchain work?

What kind of technology is the recently popular blockchain technology? Blockchain technology is considered to be the brightest star in financial technology, and it may continue to develop in the future. It has many characteristics, including the distribution of data and the trust of data. Degree and collective consensus mechanism, the most important ones are openness, transparency, anonymity and privacy, which are very distinctive features. Based on the data in these blockchains, we can derive some basic information about contemporary society.

Blockchain technology is such a secure and scientific database. It can be simply understood as an authoritative database. The basic contents in it are all true and have been verified and reviewed by others. In terms of financial technology, it will be very easy to find some desired data, which is very good for people doing business.

❸ You have to know the operating principles and development of blockchain!

1. Why is there innovation in blockchain?
The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network. Open code. However, the impact of such an uncomplicated innovation on mankind is epoch-making. It combines the basic values ​​needed for a unified global market: "freedom, equality, and fraternity".It has been programmed, protocolized and executable. Then the STMP email protocol, HTTP domain name protocol, etc. were derived, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner. As Alibaba Vice President Gao Hongbing said:
"The Internet is to eliminate the (information) supply chain that has very low value and high cost - it is open, interconnected, peer-to-peer, globalized, and decentralized."
We know: The essence of the market is also decentralized. It automatically executes the decentralized agreement of "equivalent exchange". Just as Nobel Prize winner Ronald Coase summed up: "The market economy is based on two On the basis of deep cognition: admitting ignorance and tolerating uncertainty." Adam Smith also described the market as: "the invisible hand"! Therefore, the market must require the low-cost flow of information decentralization, and the Internet has adapted to the global Under the general climate formed by the unified market, it turned out to be.
However, the first generation of Internet decentralized solved the problem of low-cost and efficient transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of credit of information. Therefore, what the second-generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner so that value transfer can be carried out at low cost and with high efficiency.
So what are the problems with the original centralized credit system? As we all know: centralized credit, such as the legal currencies of various countries, has different credit values, and the clearing systems are also incompatible, which adds a lot of cost to global trade. The current global credit system centered on the US dollar has a "Triffin Paradox" in its mechanism (the essence is that a country's legal currency cannot simultaneously resolve the conflict between its own economic interests and global economic needs). Therefore, in 2009, the Governor of the Central Bank of China, Zhou Ogawa called for the creation of a super-sovereign storage currency. In the same year, Satoshi Nakamoto disclosed the first-generation blockchain source code-"Bitcoin" online.
2. How does the blockchain system operate?
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto knew very well that establishing a credit system for payment must solve the problem of preventing "duplicate payments", that is, no counterfeit currency can be created. The centralized credit system relies on state machinery to prevent counterfeit currency. What about "Bitcoin"? Satoshi Nakamoto's great innovation is to "timestamp" every transaction. There is a block (block: equivalent to a network account book) every ten minutes, and all network transactions for these ten minutes are correctly timestamped. The question is who will cover it? Satoshi Nakamoto did not assume that everyone on the Internet is Lei Feng. He agreed with Adam Smith: people in the market are greedy. He asked the so-called "miners" to compete for the accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks. The rules of the competition were to correctly record the accounting and at the same time solve the SHA256 problem. Who can prove that their computer has the fastest computing power (the so-called PROOF OF WORK mechanism), he can compete for the legal accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks and get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins. This is the so-called "mining" process. It is actually a decentralized credit process that establishes a network-wide ledger - the blockchain. Therefore, the more essential function of miners is "bookkeepers"!
Satoshi Nakamoto is here In its Bitcoin white paper,The process of establishing this credit system is described in more detail:
The first step: In order for the entire network to recognize it as valid, each transaction must be broadcast to each node (node: that is, the miner);
The second step : Each miner node must correctly timestamp each transaction in these ten minutes and record it in that block;
Step 3: Each miner node must compete by solving the SHA256 puzzle The legal accounting rights of this ten-minute block, and strive to obtain a reward of twenty-five bitcoins (fifty bitcoins every ten minutes for the first four years, and reduce by half every four years);
Step 4: If a miner node solves the ten-minute SHA256 puzzle, it will publish all timestamped transactions recorded in its ten-minute block to the entire network, and will be verified by other miner nodes in the entire network;
Step 5: Other miner nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting (because they are also stamping the accounting at the same time, but they have not competed for the legal block accounting rights, so there is no reward). If there are no errors, they will be in the legal block. After the block, there is competition for the next block, thus forming a single chain of legal accounting blocks, which is the general ledger of the Bitcoin payment system - the blockchain.
Generally speaking, each transaction must undergo six block confirmations, that is, six ten-minute accounting, before it can finally be recognized as a legal transaction on the blockchain. The following is the accounting format of Bitcoin:
So the so-called "Bitcoin" is such a billing system: it includes the owner electronically signing with the private key and paying to the next owner, and then the entire network's "miners" "Time stamp the account and form a blockchain.
3. What are the innovations in Bitcoin’s blockchain finance?
Similar to gold, trying to establish decentralized credit on the global Internet may allow value to flow across the entire network at high speed and at low rates (currently each transfer The transfer rate is one ten thousandth);
The total amount of currency is agreed upon by the cryptographic protocol;
Compared to gold, digital currency is infinitely divisible;
The value of currency can be based on a large number of P2P transactions ;
Full transparency in financial management (every transaction can be traced on the blockchain).
Bitcoin’s blockchain-wide accounting system has established a market value of US$10 billion, the highest on the global Internet. Therefore, Wu Xiaoling, dean of Tsinghua PBC School of Finance, pointed out: The blockchain experiment established distributed credit, which is an upgraded version of Internet TCP/IP, upgrading from information transmission to value transmission;
4. Bitcoin’s blocks What are the inherent flaws of the chain system?
Bitcoin’s blockchain system has had successes since it was open sourced on the Internet in 2009, but it also shows some inherent flaws that are difficult to overcome:
The total amount cannot be adjusted at any time As the market situation changes, it will inevitably rise and fall sharply;
Mining is high-carbon. Only less than 1% of miners can compete for the accounting rights of blocks of less than ten minutes, and more than 99% of other miners participating in the competition have the computing power. Waste;
The annual inflation of around 10% has greatly increased the cost of the Bitcoin financial ecosystem.This even threatens her survival;
As a decentralized self-organizing DAC system, the operating costs of the accounting and issuance functions are too high.
As a global payment system, its efficiency is far from meeting the actual requirements of global trade. The Bitcoin network currently confirms a maximum of 7 transactions per second. In comparison, Visa's network system can process 10,000 transactions per second at the fastest, and Alipay's record is 80,000 transactions per second on Singles' Day in 2014!
5. Block The development of chain technology 2.0:
As the 2.0 upgrade and development of blockchain, it first focuses on solving the high-carbon mining of Bitcoin accounting:
When we discuss how to overcome the high carbon of Bitcoin mining and accounting Professor Liu Taoxiong from the Tsinghua Institute of Economics pointed out that mining competition relies on computing power. In the end, only one company competes for the legal accounting rights, and the other 99% of the miner nodes are mined for nothing, which is a waste of resources. It is obviously unreasonable. If The whole network transparently knows the legal accounting rights of the next block, and it is randomly generated in the entire network, which eliminates the high carbon cost of competitive accounting! After hearing this, we all praised Professor Liu for his brilliant idea, because the second generation is now more successful. Coin NXT has this mechanism. Their white paper is called "Transparent Forging". However, the probability of the accounting rights going to someone is directly proportional to the NXT token holdings in each miner node wallet. This is called the proof of equity mechanism ( PROOF OF STOCK). Of course, this also triggered a debate about the unfairness of NXT’s distribution of tokens to early investment developers!
RIPPLE is a semi-decentralized blockchain solution that uses “trusted gateways” to conduct block operations. The credibility of chain accounting is based on the consensus ledger protocol that these gateways will not do evil at the same time.
The most ambitious attempt is Ethereum, which combines blockchain technology with Turing completeness, hoping to develop a basic platform that can support the construction of various blockchain systems in the future. The development of various credit currencies, digital assets, smart protocols and even financial derivatives. The system design is to unify blockchain accounting on the ETHERUM platform and be used by all developers. Maybe their official version will be released in the near future.
6. Possible applications of blockchain innovation in other fields:
Now, blockchain’s attempts to establish decentralized credit are no longer limited to the financial world, but have attracted attention from all fields of society, especially in At present, some of China's central credit institutions, such as the "Red Cross", are in a "collapse" situation. Blockchain can provide a new way of thinking and technical options for social management. The following are some new developments and related discussions we have learned about:
The combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things unifies digital assets and atomic assets, smooths the difference between consumer assets and cash assets, expands public credit, and accelerates value circulation; (IBM-Samsung)
Built on the blockchain Intellectual property protection system, accounting for the use of intellectual property across the entire network, and establishing a global advertising market;
Is the blockchainIt can provide technical support for the issuance of protocol-based cryptographic currencies by emerging economies along the Belt and Road;
Blockchain + cloud computing can develop into decentralized self-media and community systems;
Blockchain can build a decentralized A standardized equity crowdfunding system allows innovative projects to enter the circulation field in advance;
Blockchain can develop a fully transparent financial management system;
Blockchain supports the establishment of a global decentralized corporate organization.
In short, in this era when credit has become a scarce resource, the technological innovation of blockchain, as a distributed credit model, provides new opportunities for finance, social management, talent evaluation and decentralized organization construction in the global market. All provide a broad development prospect.

❹ What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. The so-called blockchain technology, referred to as BT (Blockchain technology), also Known as distributed ledger technology, it is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.

Explain in layman’s terms: If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as an accounting behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the accounting information within a period of time. The fastest and best person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system.

2. Blockchain is a new application model of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods. Each data block generated by the association contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(4) Summary of blockchain technology principles Extended reading:

The blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, It consists of incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms.

The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the The basis of the chain's programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain.

❺ What is the technical principle of blockchain?

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as a The underlying technology of the currencytechnique. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The blockchain is public on the Internet and can be queried in every offline Bitcoin wallet data. The functionality of a Bitcoin wallet relies on confirmation with the blockchain, and a valid check is called a confirmation. Usually a transaction requires several confirmations before it can proceed. Lightweight Bitcoin wallets use online confirmations, which means no blockchain data is downloaded to device storage.
Many altcoins of Bitcoin also use the same design, but are slightly different in proof of work and algorithm. For example, using proof of stake and SCrypt, etc.

❻ What is the technical principle of blockchain?

The key points involved in blockchain technology include: decentralized, trustless, and collectively maintained. ), reliable database (ReliableDatabase), timestamp (Timestamp), asymmetric encryption (AsymmetricCryptography), etc.

Blockchain technology redefines the way credit is generated in the network: In the system, participants do not need to know the background information of other people, nor do they need to rely on guarantees or guarantees from third-party institutions. Blockchain Technology ensures that the system records, transmits, and stores value transfer activities, and the final result must be credible.

(6) Summary of blockchain technology principles and extended reading

The source of blockchain technology principles can be summarized as a mathematical problem: the Byzantine Generals Problem. The Byzantine Generals Problem extends to Internet life, and its connotation can be summarized as: in the context of the Internet, when it is necessary to conduct value exchange activities with unfamiliar counterparties, how can people prevent themselves from being deceived by malicious saboteurs? Be confused and make wrong decisions.

Further extending the Byzantine Generals Problem into the technical field, its connotation can be summarized as: in the absence of a trusted central node and a trusted channel, what should the various nodes distributed in the network do? Reach a consensus. Blockchain technology solves the long-known Byzantine Generals Problem by providing a way to create a consensus network without trusting individual nodes.