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㈠ Programmable money: How it could change our entire value transfer experience

Andrew Singer, professor of electrical and computer engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ) said: COVID-19 inspired payment methods "can be distributed in just a few seconds at no (distribution) cost. It will be a no-brainer."

Programmable money is on the way Popularity! This could be the next stage in the evolution of money. And it could be as disruptive as any financial technology developing today.

Yes, our country is about to launch its first central bank digital currency (DCEP) on a large scale, perhaps within the next 12 months, but if so, it will be replaced by CBDC 2.0 10 years ago , that is, a digital currency attached to a blockchain smart contract. At least, that's what many people think.

Programmable currency is currency with limits. A similar example is food stamps, where recipients receive money-like coupons that can only be used to buy food, not alcohol, horse racing, lottery tickets, or anything else. In modern guise, these “food stamps” are digital tokens traded on blockchain platforms via smart contracts.

Last month, IBM was awarded a patent for a "custom programmable cryptographic token," the first PM patent granted in the United States, with co-inventor Jonathan Rosenoer told Cointelegraph magazine.

“Programmable tokens are being discussed more and more!”, Jonas Gross, research associate and project manager at the Frankfurt School Blockchain Center (FSBC), a think tank at the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, told us.

In Germany, for example, the Ministry of Finance and the Bundesbank recently formed a working group dedicated to developing a programmable euro.

“Covid is driving a slow tsunami in programmable currencies,” said Gert Sylvest, co-founder of commercial trading platform Tradeshift. “It could accelerate the shift in e-commerce to The transition to programmable money. "We've seen a spike in interest rates" since the pandemic, especially amid the subsequent liquidity crisis that included a slowdown in payments. Many companies are now ready to give programmable funds a new look, including automated accounts payable/receivable settlement, he said.

With IBM's new invention ("U.S. Patent 10,742,398, Rosenoer et al., August 11, 2020"), the parameters (constraints) of a cryptographic token can be stored in the token itself, or: "It can be stored on-chain" or referenced by a hash identifier stored within the tokenOff-chain database! ". Co-inventor Rosenoer believes that the token has the potential to facilitate many social/economic purposes, including providing humanitarian aid in the event of natural disasters or wars. For example:

"Charities or refugee agencies could This certificate is issued to refugees. These businesses can also obtain similar certifications. The refugee can then be issued a programmed token representing the funds and saved on his/her phone. Refugees can only use them to pay for goods and services provided by recognized businesses. Refugees can also transfer them to other refugees. "

He added that programmable tokens can be created by individuals ("you can create your own andrecoin"), businesses, charities, banks, governments or other entities. On the backend, auditors can Receive automated reports on who is holding the tokens and where they are being used. “Unexpected patterns, indicating skimming or extortion, can trigger alerts and exception handling,” Rosenauer noted. (“Skimming” is the delivery humanitarian A big problem with aid. Even when aid arrives, recipients are sometimes robbed, another worry that programmable tokens could alleviate.)

What’s the state of programmable tokens today? Rosenoer said there are few production-level deployments of any products in the DLT/blockchain space, but that could change. Governments could use programmable tokens to enforce economic embargoes. The token can be programmed so that its value It can be redeemed anywhere in the world, but not in North Korea or Iran. He added: “Startup people are moving forward with (use cases). ”.

Kaj Burchardi, Managing Director and Partner at Platinion (Amsterdam), a division of Boston Consulting Group Said: “In the United States, it would be great for the government to send out coronavirus stimulus checks (so-called helicopter payments to every tax-paying American citizen, if programmable currency was an option). ” … “It could have been done in seconds and cost nothing (from a distribution perspective),” he told the magazine. This would be a no-brainer. ”

Professor George Jaglis of the University of Nicosia (Cyprus) told The Telegraph:

While many forms of this currency exist today, with most cryptocurrencies having a higher or lower degree of programmability, much of the discussion around CBDC involves digital currencies rather than conditional currencies.

George·Professor Jaggeris added two points:

In March this year, the German government organized a hacking competition to find innovative ways to deal with the Covid-19 crisis. . One promising proposal is a decentralized universal euro: the “dezentraler gemeinschaftlicher Euro” (dgE) or Diggi, a government-distributed blockchain-based voucher that can only be used by participating businesses in economically hard-hit areas. "This system will enable smaller companies to participate in the aid program," said Dorothy Bär, Germany's Minister of State for Digitalization.

Burchardi of the Boston Consulting Group told us:

The Association of German Banks (AGB) stated in a blog: "Like traditional digital currencies, new forms of cryptocurrencies feature a significant technological innovation: they can be connected to so-called "smart contracts." The organization said, The German private bank sees programmable digital currencies as “an innovation with great potential that can become a key component of the next phase of digital development.”

Gross told us that while programmable CBDCs are unlikely to appear in the United States or Europe in the near future, "programmable tokens will become tokenized commercial bank currencies or Electronic Money” – One to Three Years Next. “Currently, banks have stepped up efforts to introduce programmable tokens backed by commercial bank currencies linked to bank accounts. "Government-funded projects like CBDC 2.0 may take longer.

Providing humanitarian aid is an expected PM use case that was cited repeatedly in interviews. Rosenauer told us in Mumbai, India After two and a half years of living there, surrounded by "shocking poverty", where aid to the poor was stolen in alarming amounts by middlemen. The poor had no access to banks, but today many have mobile phones. Without too much trouble, they You can receive digital currency through your mobile phone, bypassing the banking system entirely.

Programmable tokens can increase control over aid payments, track and trace financial flows at the national level, and use linkage analysis to detect fraud and Corruption. Where do the payments go? Why do so many things go to one place? “That’s the real hope!”… Rosenauer said: Eradicate the corruption of the system that keeps the poor poor. Developing countries need such a tool, than There is a greater need for such tools in the United States or Europe, where “many things are already good enough.”

Rosenauer suggested that programmable money could enable globalGlobal Financial Exchange maintains compliance with local laws and regulations: “Suppose you have a tokenized asset and you want to sell it. We call it a long-term debt. The law states that I can only sell it to an accredited investor, one who has a certain investors with net worth and annual income, or I can sell it to foreign investors.” If Rosenauer sells its assets to them, they may have to hold the assets for a certain period of time if they are subject to U.S. jurisdiction, and then they can only sell to accredited or foreign investors.

“I can program my token to ensure that the person holding it meets these requirements,” Rosenauer continued.

Naiha Narula, director of the Digital Currency Initiative at the MIT Media Lab, said: "In the future, money will be programmable!".

PM can create a world that is currently unimaginable. Naiha Narula also said: "Imagine a world where I can rent my healthcare data to a pharmaceutical company. They can run large-scale data analysis and provide me with a cryptographic proof that they just Use my data in ways we agree to. They can pay me."

Programmable tokens can be used to help achieve environmental goals, such as eliminating plastic waste from the world's oceans. For example, during a coastal cleanup in Manila Bay last year, local fishermen collected 3 tons of garbage, mostly plastic waste, and were paid for their labor in Ethereum’s ERC-20 tokens. Coins.ph helps convert cryptographic algorithms into fiat currencies. Efforts like this seem to offer an ingenious solution to two seemingly intractable problems: poverty in the developing world and ocean plastic waste.

What other obstacles need to be overcome before programmable money becomes an everyday reality? Carl Victor von Wachter of the University of Copenhagen told Cointelegraph magazine that “the scalability problem of blockchain on a national scale must be overcome. In addition, many technologies and applications It remains to be improved by end users. The technology is currently too complex in terms of user interface and user experience."

Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Anyblock Analytics GmbH Data officer Freddy Zwanzger tells us that people need to be better educated in dealing with digital currencies and their usefulness as an alternative to fiat currencies. It may be helpful to help them understand the concepts using everyday terms such as coupons and loyalty points.

gridRoss said there is a general lack of understanding of the potential benefits of programmable tokens and insufficient collaboration between public institutions, such as central banks and governments, and the industrial sector that will be the main users of programmable tokens. Ongoing regulatory uncertainty doesn't help either.

Sylvester added that any digital payments solution must perform basic KYC (know your customer) checks and develop trusted governance protocols. "Once (digital) payments start flowing through different channels, they become a challenge for regulators."

Tobias, deputy director and head of digitalization at AGB • Tobias Tenner explained that if the Prime Minister was to press his case, "privacy and anonymity must be considered", a point many agreed with. Compared to Bitcoin (BTC), which offers a relatively high degree of privacy—users cannot be easily monitored—programmable tokens are designed for traceability. However, Rosenoer said there are ways to engineer privacy into coins, such as using zero-knowledge proofs that can confirm that a person actually owns the assets they claim to own without having to reveal that individual’s true identity.

Burchardi believes that a society may only tolerate so much traceability. Not everyone wants the government to track everything they do. Therefore, it is important to consider when to apply traceability and when not to apply it. There may be thresholds, for example: Transactions below $1,000 will not be tracked.

What is the most likely time frame for widespread use of PM? Rosenauer said, “The emergence of large-scale non-BTC digital currencies is rampant!”. Either the end of 2020 or the beginning of 2021, it will most likely appear in the form of China's DCEP or Facebook's Libra. Tanner also added that "in the next five years, a programmable euro issued by private banks may coexist with other programmable electronic currencies such as Libra."

Zwanzger said: "In my opinion, the demand is there, but the technology is in user experience, adoption etc. are not quite there yet, the bigger hurdle is getting into the heads (and hearts) of people/users. For example, even before blockchain came about, there were experiments with native currencies, but those experiments didn't pan out. I don't It is believed that emerging blockchain technology can change this situation at least in the next one to three years."

Kevin Dowd, professor of financial economics at Durham University in the UK A more skeptical view is advanced. "In my opinionRecently, programmable tokens have not proven their viability in achieving results that are better or worse than what existing technology can achieve. he told The Telegraph magazine.

As Burchardi points out in a Boston Consulting Group blog, most CBDC models discussed over the past decade do not really address the possibility of programmable digital currencies. But they remind us that when programmable currencies gain mass adoption at the government level, sweeping social/economic changes may ensue:

“The interoperability of the first generation of CBDCs introduced about 10 years ago Limited operability and programmability. The next generation, known as CBDC2.0, will likely be at the national or supranational level (in the case of the European Central Bank). These currencies may help automate monetary policy, thereby easing the pressure on emerging economies the risk of hyperinflation and reduce purchasing power inequality.”

As the report points out, perhaps the most attractive value propositions for governments are:

(ii) Underwater World App Culture Is the fish a pyramid scheme?

The 1809 fund has now revised its rules, charging fish food in one time, and the currency will start point-to-point in March

ㅢ Shenzhen develops and expands strategic emerging industry clusters and cultivates and develops the future Industry

Opinions of the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government on the development and expansion of strategic emerging

industrial clusters and the cultivation and development of future industries

1. Development foundation

< p>In recent years, Shenzhen has deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, vigorously promoted the construction of a strong manufacturing city, continued to promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and promoted the development of strategic emerging industries to achieve positive results. Shenzhen's total industrial output value has ranked first in the country for three consecutive years. Four clusters, including new generation information and communications, have been selected as national advanced manufacturing clusters. Three clusters, including new display devices, have been selected into the first batch of national strategic emerging industry cluster development projects. However, the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development of the manufacturing industry still exists. The layout of strategic emerging industries needs to be further optimized, the development potential still needs to be further enhanced, and the competitiveness and risk resistance of the industrial chain and supply chain need to be further improved.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" is a critical period for Shenzhen to achieve the first-stage development goal of building a pioneer demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is also a critical period for Shenzhen to grasp the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation trends and enhance the competition of the modern industrial system. an important period of strategic opportunity for China’s strength. Based on the reality of Shenzhen, closely focusing on the construction of a strong service manufacturing country and a strong manufacturing province, developing strategic emerging industries with advanced manufacturing as the main body, and forward-looking layout of future industries, it is important to stabilize the basic market of Shenzhen's manufacturing industry and maintain the added value of manufacturing industry as a share of regional production. The proportion of the total value is basically stable. It is of great significance to enhance the development potential of the real economy and accelerate the construction of a technological and industrial innovation highland with global influence.

II. Overall requirements

(1) Guiding ideology

Give full play to the "dual-zone" drive, "The demonstration effect of "dual district" superposition and "dual reform" adheres to the foundation of manufacturing as a city, takes strategic emerging industries as the top priority for the development of the real economy, takes deepening supply-side structural reform as the main line, and cracks key core technologies Taking the "stuck neck" problem as the core, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, cultivate a number of strategic emerging industry clusters with world-class competitiveness, and seize the future Industrial development opportunities, enhance the competitiveness of the modern industrial system, create a powerful source of power to lead high-quality development, and provide strong support for Shenzhen to build a pioneer demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(2) Basic principles

p>

Adhere to market leadership and government guidance. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, promote the close integration of effective markets and promising governments, strengthen the top-level design of industrial development, and optimize the industrial development environment. Expand effective investment in strategic emerging industries and continuously stimulate industrial development potential and the vitality of market entities.

Adhere to self-reliance and innovation leadership. Deploy innovation chains around the industrial chain, lay out the industrial chain around the innovation chain, strengthen original innovation and Disruptive technological innovation, strengthen cutting-edge technology research and development, increase research efforts on key core technologies, and build independent, safe, diversified and controllable industrial chains and supply chains.

Insist on systematic advancement and key breakthroughs. Deeply understand modern industries According to the law of development, promote the deep integration of strategic emerging industries and advantageous traditional industries, promote the coordinated linkage between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, promote the organic connection between the production end and the consumer end, forge long boards and make up for shortcomings point by point, and achieve industrial echelon development and overall leap.< /p>

Adhere to adapting measures to local conditions and implementing classified policies. Based on regional resource endowments, giving full play to the comparative advantages of each district, overall planning and optimization of the city's strategic emerging industries land and space layout, "a group of people, one policy" promotes the construction of industrial clusters, and builds distinctive and dislocated development , functional synergy and complementary advantages.

(3) Development goals

By 2025, the added value of strategic emerging industries will exceed 1.5 trillion yuan, becoming The main engine to promote high-quality economic and social development. Cultivate a group of high-quality leading enterprises with industrial ecological leadership, promote a group of key core technologies to achieve major breakthroughs, and create a group of modern advanced manufacturing parks and world-class "lighthouse factories". A number of leading emerging industrial clusters have been formed. The development advantages of industrial clusters with an added value of hundreds of billions, such as network and communications, software and information services, intelligent terminals, ultra-high-definition video displays, new energy, and marine industries, have become more prominent. Semiconductors and integrated circuits, intelligent The shortcomings of industries such as sensors and industrial motherboards have been accelerated. The development level of intelligent connected cars, new materials, high-end medical equipment, biomedicine, digital creativity, modern fashion and other industries has been significantly improved. Future industries such as synthetic biology and blockchain have gradually developed. Become a new growth point.

3. Development focus

(1) Key subdivisions of strategic emerging industries

1. Network and communications industry clustergroup. Promote the coordinated development of fixed-line communications, mobile communications and satellite communications, strengthen technical research on network communications chips, key components and modules, build national 5G medium and high-frequency device innovation centers, future network test facilities and other major innovation carriers, and launch cutting-edge technology reserves , strengthen the development of industry standards, support Nanshan, Bao'an, Longgang, Longhua and other districts in building agglomeration areas, and create a highland for the innovation and development of the global network and communications industry and a "dual gigabit" and all-optical network benchmark city.

2. Semiconductor and integrated circuit industry cluster. Accelerate the improvement of industrial chains such as integrated circuit design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, carry out EDA tool software, semiconductor materials, high-end chip and special chip design technology research, promote the construction of 12-inch chip production lines, third-generation semiconductors and other key projects, support Futian and Nanshan , Bao'an, Longgang, Longhua, Pingshan and other districts will build agglomeration areas to create a national integrated circuit industry gathering place, a gathering place for talents, and a source of innovation.

3. Ultra-high-definition video display industry cluster. Promote the coordinated development of new display devices, panel production, terminal manufacturing and applications, focus on breakthroughs in key common technologies such as 4K/8K video capture devices and equipment, display panel processes and technologies, and core basic materials, lead or participate in the formulation of international standards, and rely on Nanshan, Baoan, Longgang, Guangming and other districts have built full-chain industrial innovation zones and full-scenario "AI 5G 8K" application demonstration pilot zones, striving to build the world's leading ultra-high-definition video display industry.

4. Intelligent terminal industry cluster. Focusing on smart terminal products such as smartphones, personal computers, VR/AR, smart wearable devices, smart cars, and smart home appliances, we will create a complete industrial chain from key core components to high-end complete machine brands, and accelerate application software, core devices, etc. Breakthroughs in key technologies will promote the concentrated development of the intelligent terminal industry in Futian, Luohu, Nanshan, Baoan, Longgang, Longhua, Pingshan and other districts, creating a global mobile phone and new intelligent terminal industry highland.

5. Intelligent sensor industry cluster. Focus on the design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, equipment materials and other aspects of smart sensors, accelerate research on core technologies such as new sensor materials, CMOS-MEMS integration technology, and advanced packaging processes, build MEMS pilot lines and MEMS sensor industry bases, and enrich the consumption of smart sensors. Application scenarios in the fields of electronics, automotive electronics, smart cities and other fields will support the construction of agglomeration areas in Nanshan, Longhua, Guangming and other districts to create a smart sensor industry cluster with complete elements.

6. Software and information services industry cluster. Promote key basic software such as operating systems, databases, middleware, office suites, and low-code development platforms and tool software such as CAD, CAE, BIM, and CIM to achieve source innovation, and increase the development and promotion of basic common standards and application demonstration standards. Implement the open source ecological incubation project, promote the in-depth integration of software technology in the manufacturing and service industries, build agglomeration areas based on Futian, Luohu, Nanshan, Baoan, Longgang and other districts to create a competitive software city.

7. Digital creative industry cluster. Vigorously develop creative designWe will create a number of high-quality original digital content works and IP, build a number of digital creative incubation and service platforms with high standards, and accelerate digital creativity and cultural tourism products as well as education and other public services. The services are integrated and integrated to support the construction of digital creative industry clusters in Futian, Luohu, Yantian, Nanshan, Baoan, Longgang and other districts, build a "one core, one corridor, multi-center" digital creative industry layout, and create a national benchmark for the innovation and development of the digital creative industry.

8. Modern fashion industry cluster. Promote the fashion and brand upgrade of advantageous traditional industries such as clothing, furniture, gold jewelry, and watches, strengthen technical research on functional fabrics for clothing, smart chips for furniture, and watch movements, build an Internet platform for the fashion industry and a comprehensive trading platform for jewelry and jade, and cultivate a number of The internationally renowned exhibition supports Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, Baoan, Longhua and other districts, as well as Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone (hereinafter referred to as Qianhai) to build a cluster area to create an emerging fashion industry highland, an international fashion consumption center city, and an international The exhibition capital.

9. Industrial mother machine industry cluster. Focus on key areas such as CNC machine tools, lithium battery manufacturing equipment, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and display panel manufacturing equipment, break through the manufacturing technology of key components such as spindles and screw guide rails, strengthen equipment digitalization technology research, and build new display technology intelligent equipment headquarters bases and integration Key projects such as circuit testing equipment R&D and production bases support the construction of cluster areas in Baoan, Longhua and other districts to enhance the basic support capabilities of industrial machines for advanced manufacturing.

10. Intelligent robot industry cluster. Focus on the development of industrial robots, service robots, special robots, drones (ships) and other fields, break through key components and integrated application technologies such as reducers, controllers, and servo systems, and expand the application of intelligent robots in electronic information manufacturing, automobiles, aerospace, etc. and other high-end manufacturing application scenarios, relying on Futian, Nanshan, Baoan, Shenshan and other districts and the Qianhai construction cluster area to create a demonstration area for technological innovation, high-end manufacturing, and integrated application of the intelligent robot industry.

11. Laser and additive manufacturing industry cluster. Focus on the development of high-power ultrafast lasers and equipment, additive manufacturing equipment and systems and other industries, increase the localization rate of upstream materials and devices such as special optical fibers, high-power gratings, high-power laser chips, high-performance lasers, and carry out technological research on special equipment , build key projects such as the optoelectronic fiber laser headquarters and R&D center, support Baoan, Longhua, Pingshan and other districts and Qianhai to build agglomeration areas, and consolidate the competitive advantages of the laser and additive manufacturing industries.

12. Precision instrument equipment industry cluster. Focusing on the fields of industrial automation measurement and control instruments and systems, information measurement and electrical measurement instruments, scientific testing and analysis instruments, etc., improve key components and product innovation capabilities such as detectors, sensors, high-end oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, etc., and build Shenzhen China's metrological scientific research It will support major innovation carriers such as the Institute of Technology Innovation and Advanced Testing and High-end Instrument Research Platform in Nanshan, Baoan, Longhua, Guangming and other districts to build clusters to improve the localization and intelligent manufacturing of precision instruments.Energy-based, green and service-oriented development level.

13. New energy industry cluster. Focus on developing subdivided industries such as smart grids, distributed photovoltaics, hydrogen energy, and offshore wind power, strengthen research on key core technologies such as high-efficiency gas turbines, high-energy density energy storage, and fuel cells, promote the implementation of virtual power plants, accelerate the construction of comprehensive energy supply facilities, and rely on Longhua, Longgang and other districts are promoting the construction of digital energy integrated development demonstration zones, international low-carbon cities and Qiuyuling hydrogen energy industrial park to build a clean, low-carbon, safe, efficient, smart and innovative modern energy system.

14. Safety, energy saving and environmental protection industry cluster. Improve the development level of monitoring and early warning technology and equipment, emergency response and rescue technology and equipment, high-efficiency energy-saving technology and equipment, advanced environmental protection equipment and other industries, strengthen the comprehensive utilization of solid waste, vigorously develop the safety, energy-saving and environmental protection service industry, and improve the safety and emergency material production and supply system and green The production and consumption system supports the construction of agglomeration areas in Luohu, Baoan, Longgang, Longhua, Guangming, Shenshan and other districts, providing a solid guarantee for building resilient cities.

15. Intelligent connected automobile industry cluster. Focus on the development of intelligent sensing systems, vehicle computing platforms, vehicle wireless communications, cloud service terminals, power batteries, motor electronic control, fast charging facilities and other subdivisions, and make breakthroughs in key technologies such as sensing equipment, wire-controlled chassis, and intelligent driving operating systems. Build key projects such as the Intelligent Connected Transportation Test Demonstration Platform and the Shenshan Automobile Industrial Park, and build agglomeration areas based on Nanshan, Pingshan, Shenshan and other districts to lead the high-quality development of the intelligent connected automobile industry.

16. New materials industry cluster. Promote the integrated development of new materials with new generation information technology, new energy, biology and other industries, develop electronic information materials, new energy materials, biomedical materials, polymer materials, green building materials, cutting-edge new materials, etc., and promote high-end lithium-ion battery anodes Materials, ultra-high modulus transparent polyimide film engineering project construction, support Luohu, Baoan, Longgang, Guangming, Shenshan and other districts to build agglomeration areas and build new material innovation centers and technology transformation centers.

17. High-end medical device industry cluster. Develop new medical imaging, life monitoring and life support, high-end implant interventional products and other subdivisions, break through major equipment and key components such as high-end imaging systems, surgical robots, new in vitro diagnostic equipment, high-throughput gene sequencers, and give full play to the national The role of high-performance medical device innovation center is to support the construction of cluster areas in Nanshan, Longhua, Pingshan, Guangming and other districts and promote the high-quality development of the high-end medical device industry.

18. Biomedical industry cluster. Support the development of innovative chemical drugs, new dosage forms and high-end preparations, modern traditional Chinese medicine, advanced pharmaceutical equipment, and digital medicine, promote breakthroughs in bottleneck technologies such as research and development of new gene therapy vectors, engineering cell construction, antibody engineering optimization, and artificial intelligence-assisted drug design, and accelerate The construction of projects such as the Baolong Biopharmaceutical Innovation and Development Pilot Zone and the Pingshan Biopharmaceutical Industry Accelerator Park supports the creation of industrial clusters in Pingshan, Nanshan, Futian, Longgang, Guangming and Dapeng districts, and promotes the biopharmaceutical industry cluster to become an industrial developmentNew highlights.

19. Big health industry cluster. Focus on the development of precision medicine, rehabilitation and elderly care, modern agricultural products, medical beauty, cosmetics and other industries, expand the supply of high-quality health products, strengthen technical research on regenerative medical beauty materials, rehabilitation equipment, germplasm resources and gene discovery, and precision drug development, and build a precision Innovation platforms such as nutrition R&D and application platform and health equipment measurement and testing platform support the construction of cluster areas in Luohu, Yantian, Baoan, Pingshan, Dapeng and other districts to promote the innovative development of the comprehensive health industry.

20. Marine industry cluster. Consolidate and enhance the advantages of marine transportation, coastal tourism, marine energy and mining, marine fishery and other industries, cultivate and expand marine engineering and equipment industry, marine electronic information industry, marine biomedicine industry, marine modern service industry and other industries, and promote international The construction of major projects such as the Ocean Development Bank, Shenzhen National Distant Ocean Fishery Base, Ocean New City, and Shekou International Ocean City will take the Shenzhen West Coast-East Coast-Shenzhen-Shantou Cooperation Zone as the main axis to build a "one axis connected, multi-zone linkage" marine industry region Collaborate to build a global ocean center city.

(2) Key future industrial development directions

1. Synthetic biology. Focus on the development of underlying technologies of synthetic biology, quantitative synthetic biotechnology, biological creation and other fields, accelerate breakthroughs in key creative technologies such as artificial phages and artificial tumor treatment, promote the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure for synthetic biology, and build synthetic biology R&D bases and industrial innovation centers.

2. Blockchain. Focus on the development of underlying platform technology, blockchain finance, blockchain intelligent manufacturing, blockchain supply chain and other fields, and promote the formation of a number of technical standards and specifications in the fields of technical framework, evaluation system, application specifications, cross-chain interoperability, etc. Create a blockchain innovation leading area.

3. Cells and genes. Focus on the development of cell technology, gene technology, cell and gene therapy technology, biological breeding technology and other fields, improve the cell and gene drug approval mechanism, supervision system, clinical trial incentive mechanism, and application promotion mechanism, and accelerate the construction of a leading area for the cell and gene industry.

4. Aerospace technology. Focus on the development of aerospace information technology, advanced remote sensing technology, navigation and positioning technology, aerospace equipment manufacturing and other fields, promote technological innovation in aerospace materials and components, drones, satellites, etc., and plan to build a leading domestic aerospace technology industry R&D and manufacturing base.

5. Brain science and brain-like intelligence. Focus on the development of brain mapping technology, brain diagnosis and treatment technology, brain-like intelligence and other fields, carry out basic theoretical research and cutting-edge technology development of brain-like algorithms, promote the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure for brain analysis and brain simulation, and seize the commanding heights of development in the field of brain science.

6. Deep earth and deep sea. Focus on the development and utilization of deep-earth mineral and geothermal resources, urban underground space development and utilization, deep-sea high-end equipment, deep-sea intelligent sensing, deep-sea information and other fields, promote the construction of major projects such as the National Deep-sea Scientific Research Center and Ocean University, and create deep-earth and deep-sea technological innovation Highlands.

7. Visible light communication and optical computing. Key developments can beIn the fields of visible light communication technology and optical computing technology, promote the establishment of a visible light communication standardization system, lay out a number of high-value patents, promote the application demonstration of visible light communication technology and optical computing technology, and cultivate visible light communication technology and application innovation industry clusters.

8. Quantum information. Focus on the development of quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum measurement and other fields, build first-class R&D platforms, open source platforms and standardized public service platforms, and promote breakthroughs in quantum operating systems, quantum cloud computing, medium-scale quantum processors containing noise, etc. Build a quantum science center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

IV. Safeguard Measures

(1) Establish a "Six Ones" working system. Improve the "chain length system" of key industrial chains, and insist that one industrial cluster corresponds to a list of leading companies and "hidden champion" companies, a list of investment attractions, a list of key investment projects, a set of scientific and technological innovation systems, and a policy tool kit , a strategic consulting support organization, gradually realizes "one cluster, one fund, one exhibition, one forum, one association, one alliance, one team", achieving the responsibility of specialists and wall-chart operations to accurately and efficiently promote the clustered development of strategic emerging industries.

(2) Improve the industrial space security system. Adhering to concentration, contiguousness, intensive economy, and highlighting high-end advanced manufacturing, we plan to build 20 advanced manufacturing parks with a total area of ​​about 300 square kilometers in Bao'an, Guangming, Longhua, Longgang, Pingshan, Shenshan and other districts to form a "start-up area, The spatial gradient system of "expansion area and reserve area" will be intensified, the park's contiguous land preparation efforts will be intensified, regional ecological environment assessment will be implemented, and a number of customized factories will be built to provide solid spatial guarantee for the development of strategic emerging industries.

(3) Improve the cultivation system of market entities. Implement the "30 Articles" to cultivate and strengthen market entities, promote "individual-to-enterprise transfer", "small-scale upgrading", "standardization and refinement" and "excellent listing", implement the "Xingyao Pengcheng" plan for enterprise listing development, cultivate and strengthen national high-tech enterprises, Create a group of national-level specialized and new "little giant" enterprises, vigorously cultivate "unicorn" enterprises, and form a group of "hidden champion" enterprises, innovation leaders, and future emerging enterprises that focus on strategic emerging industry clusters.

(4) Innovate the fiscal and financial support system. Actively explore diversified and professional financial support for the development of strategic emerging industries, give full play to the guiding role of fiscal funds, optimize the structure of existing funds, open up channels for industrial funds at the municipal and district levels, strengthen the synergy between industrial special funds and guidance funds, and enhance The fund management team has a professional level to achieve "one industry cluster, one special fund", build an international venture capital and venture capital center, and leverage more social capital to participate in the construction of strategic emerging industry clusters.

(5) Strengthen the innovation support system. Give full play to the overall effect of the entire innovation ecological chain, focus on strategic emerging industry clusters and future industrial development needs, promote the in-depth integration of government, industry, academia and research, make forward-looking plans to build a number of concept verification centers, small and pilot bases, and public technical service platforms to accelerate high-tech Build high-level universities and disciplines, and increase the number of strategic scientists and scientific and technological leadersThe efforts to cultivate and introduce talents, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers and other talents provide strong scientific and technological and talent support for the construction of industrial clusters.

(6) Build an urban linkage promotion system. Strengthen organizational leadership for the construction of industrial clusters, formulate and introduce strategic emerging industry clusters and future industry action plans, and accelerate the development of industrial clusters in accordance with the principle of "five-year planning, three-year rolling, and annual plans", and cities and districts will jointly carry out targeted investment promotion, Industry chain investment, business investment. Improve the statistical monitoring system, update industry reports every six months on a rolling basis that reflect the world's industrial development trends and the city's advancement results, and timely summarize and promote experience and practices.

Source: Shenzhen release

㈣ Is it useful to report someone who was cheated by playing Biyou Constellation?

When I was playing, I called Biyou, and suddenly one day I paid more than 20 Wan was frozen, I was so panicked, and then I downloaded the new version of Twelve Zodiac Signs and said that I could release it if I continued to buy it, and then I continued to invest. When I saved enough to release it, the game rules were upgraded again, and then all of a sudden Again and again, when it reached a certain level, it was frozen again, and I burst into tears instantly!

㈤ Five potential chain games in 2022

At this stage, everyone is predicting what the hot spots will be in 2022?

Although the current cryptocurrency trading market is relatively sluggish, the world's awareness and acceptance of the crypto market has developed to unprecedented heights, so the future of the cryptocurrency market is still bright. Looking back at the past history of the currency circle, whether it is a bull market or a bear market, the development of the blockchain industry has never stopped, and new hot spots will appear every year.

As far as the various tracks currently appearing in the market are concerned, DeFi already has a relatively mature development system, and large capital has also invested considerable funds in this track. It can be said that the dividend period It’s basically over.

Let’s look at gamefi. We all know that the reason why gamefi became popular last year was largely because it innovatively added the play to earn economic model, which completely broke the boundaries of traditional games. But at the same time, we also saw that although those Gmaefi projects have excellent The economic model, but the playability as a game, is lacking. Therefore, the future Gamefi must have an excellent economic model on the one hand, and high playability on the other. The game market is a very sustainable market, so more excellent gamefi works will definitely be born in the future, and gamefi will still be an important hot spot in the future development of the currency circle.

The following summarizes 5 blockchain gaming projects with great potential.

1. DAR (Dalarnia)

DAR is an action-adventure game with procedurally generated levels. Players mine and combine various in-game items, improve their skills and equipment, and find rareitems to obtain revenue rewards. This project is built on the game public chain CHR (Chromia) and is also one of the projects on Binance launchpad. It can be said that the background and qualifications are quite excellent. At present, its governance token DAR has been listed on Binance. The current price is relatively sluggish, but the game has not officially started mining. For a project like this with excellent background and game itself, relatively speaking, the potential is still relatively large.

2. Uncharted

Uncharted is the first metaverse game with the theme of human exploration of the ocean and unknown continents. It combines action adventure, socialfi, NFT collection, and DAO governance. . Players drive warships to fight against enemies, explore the unknown ocean and gain wealth in battles and adventures.

This project uses a dual-deflation economic model and is still in its early stages. According to official news, it has only gone through a round of private placement and issued the first batch of 2,000 blind boxes at a unit price of 100U. The governance token has not yet been officially launched, and the overall market value of the project is very small. In addition, the official purpose is to explore the concept of creating Gamefi2.0. At present, no other projects on the market have mentioned the concept of gamefi2.0. This can be regarded as the project team seizing a promising hype point. The currency circle is actually a place where hot spots are constantly created, and the creation of every hot spot is nurtured from subtle details. For a project like this that is still in its early stages, and the project side making good use of its first-mover advantage, it is very promising to create a hot spot for gamefi 2.0. In this way, it will become the leading project of this concept.

3. Bigtime

Bigtime is a multiplayer RPG game that combines fast-action combat, collecting NFTs, and teaming up with friends for cross-time adventures. This game, due to the luxury of its founding team, with the CEO being Ari Meilich, the founder of Decentraland, and other members coming from games such as "World of Warcraft" and "League of Legends", is currently quite popular in the industry, and everyone is still optimistic about it. . Its plot NFT has been issued, but the coins have not yet been issued. According to current news, all its coins can only be produced through mining after the game is launched, and there are no pre-sales or private placements.

4. Voxie

Voxie is a fast-paced free tactical role-playing game! Complete missions and defeat your enemies while earning cryptocurrencies and in-game items that you truly own. This project is also a project on the Binance launchpad, and its governance token Voxel has been listed on Binance. It is also a project with a strong background, and its development team is also relatively luxurious. The main problem now is that the game that is released now is more difficult to play, but this is alsoIt's just temporary. The project as a whole has not been really hyped, and its fundamentals are relatively good.

5. SecondLive

Second Live is a "diversified 3D virtual space" focusing on the concept of socialfi. Players can create content in it through virtual identities, thereby obtaining income rewards, and can also experience the display world in it, such as virtual exhibitions, singing and dancing, shopping, doing business, etc. The project currently issues two coins, Bean and SLT. Players can now complete tasks on the official website every day to receive some Beans, and then the Beans can be pledged to obtain SLT.

The above are 5 projects that I want to share with you. Each of these projects has its own advantages. Some coins have been issued and launched, but have not been really hyped. They still have relatively large potential, such as DAR and voxel. ;Some projects are still in their early stages and have considerable potential to bring new hot spots and have relatively large market imagination, such as Uncharted...

Future Gamefi projects will inevitably It will continue to become an important force in promoting the application of blockchain, and I believe that Gamefi hot spots will continue in 2022...

㈥ How long does it take to develop a blockchain application

< p> Usually there is only an approximate time period for developing blockchain application apps. For example, starting a technology mainly depends on its functions and complexity. The general development time is about 2 to 3 months, and the specific time depends on the needs of the customer. The estimation is mainly based on development time. If it has many functions and is more complex, it will take longer to develop and design more things. In another case, it will be very fast, that is, the existing source code can meet the requirements, and it will be very fast if only some functions need to be added or modified.