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㈠ The U.S. House of Representatives is investigating the four major technology giants, and blockchain may usher in greater opportunities

On October 6, the Antitrust Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives released A digital economy competition investigation report lists the large-scale monopoly conditions used by Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google and gives relevant solutions. According to reports, this report is based on the transcripts of 7 congressional hearings, nearly 1.3 million internal documents, submissions from 38 antitrust experts, and interviews with more than 240 market participants and former employees of the platforms under investigation.

This 449-page report describes the history and relationship between the United States and technology giants. problems faced. Among them, there is no lack of the monopoly market phenomenon that has been formed for a long time by these four companies to suppress competitors;

We know that when a company is strong enough in a certain industry, it will have tangible or Invisibly, there will be a certain monopoly phenomenon, either in technology or products. This is nothing more than maintaining its leadership position in the industry; but for the country, this phenomenon will obviously curb the innovation of other companies. and development, which is not conducive to the progress and stability of society.

We have all known for a long time that these companies have a monopoly on industry products, and this is not the first time that their monopoly has been investigated; and this time, 449, which was eliminated, also reported, It is obvious that they have made sufficient investigations and preparations, and have also given certain solutions; they even likened the monopoly of these companies on existing industry technologies and products to the kind of monopoly giants we once saw in the era of oil tycoons and railroad tycoons. .

But for those who are engaged in blockchain, they may find a different meaning;

Apple, Amazon Although , Facebook and Google all have their own monopolized industries, they are all Internet companies, and the growth of the Internet benefited from the United States’ original split of telecommunications, railways, and even oil monopolies. Well, since the United States can forcefully break up powerful oligarchs, it is not impossible for these Internet companies to see this happen in the future. So, to achieve this, new technologies need to emerge to influence and change the Internet industry; and as a decentralized blockchain, it is likely to shoulder this important task.

Taking social media as an example, blockchain-based social media is likely to benefit from the confrontation with Facebook. According to statistics, since its inception in 2004, Facebook has repeatedly prevented the leakage of personal information; in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2018,This situation occurs again and again. For the majority of users, they may have already felt helpless. If there is any alternative, I believe they will choose to change resolutely;

Decentralized social networking may really be able to do this; if a social media, personal information can be encrypted using blockchain technology and then saved by individuals Private key, all requests to retrieve personal information require personal permission, then this situation can be greatly improved; this is of great significance to the majority of users who pay more and more attention to the protection of personal information.

After the release of Netflix's new documentary titled "The Social Dilemma," many users are reconsidering the need to have accounts like Facebook and Instagram. "The Social Dilemma" has been hailed by the media as "the most important documentary of our time". It reveals how technology companies influence national elections, "track" billions of people on the Internet, serve them targeted ads, and come up with ideas. Features that lead to their addiction. As young people in the new era, they may hate the impact of this situation on themselves;

Seek to make Internet intermediaries more neutral and open, and to separate them from those who can use their accumulated The control of information by powerful third parties for their own purposes seems to be a fairly clear use case for turning to apps and websites that are decentralized in nature. In other words, the kind of infrastructure that the blockchain community has built over the past decade.

Blockchain technology has decentralized characteristics; after years of research and development, DAPPs and decentralized social platforms using this technology have emerged, such as VOICE , a decentralized content platform, or even a decentralized retail market or the use of blockchain in products for traceability or product ownership verification, etc.; what I believe is that with the improvement of the blockchain industry infrastructure, then Most of the technologies or industrial applications related to the Internet will appear on the blockchain;

In this process , maybe it will go through a process from prosperity to chaos to a complete explosion of applications, and then the emergence of phenomenal applications, and finally return to the situation of monopoly; maybe this is the development process of society, there are great similarities; At the same time, in a few years, there will be a new technology that breaks this monopoly and creates new technologies and application forms; however, there is no doubt that the next long period of time will belong to the era of blockchain. We should not miss it.

Is it possible for the United States to continue the hegemony of the US dollar through blockchain technology and digital cryptocurrency?

Judging from the actions of the US political and business circles over the past year, the idea of ​​continuing hegemony is inevitable.

Due to various reasons, they also have a better internal and external environment: for example, the United States has now become the number one country for Bitcoin mining, and various American institutions have almost arbitrary control over the Bitcoin market. Control, major innovative public chains such as ADA, Solana, Mina, Algorand and the main stablecoin types on the market are all from the United States. Objectively speaking, they have already occupied a dominant position in the fields of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency.

Having said so much, the core meaning is that the United States and China may have completely different paths to developing digital fiat currencies, and their attitudes towards private cryptocurrency are also completely different. In competition in one field, both sides adopt completely different playing styles, which is very scary and very worrying.

Bitcoin was invented by Americans.

It’s impossible. Blockchain and encryption technology themselves are de-hegemonic logic. Although blockchain and encryption technology occur in the United States, they essentially do not belong to any country, because all technical codes are sourced and no one person can control or manipulate it.

㈢ Let’s see how the world’s top ten stock exchanges play with blockchain

However, the world’s 10 major stock and commodity exchanges have currently expressed interest in blockchain technology. . In this article, we will give you a detailed introduction:
1. Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)
When it comes to the application of blockchain technology, the ASX is definitely one of them One of the most ambitious companies, it invested more than $10 million in startup Digital Asset Holdings in the industry in January as part of its research and development drive.
At the same time as the investment, the ASX also revealed that it will not only conduct technology trials, but also establish a new post-trade settlement system, which will be developed by Digital Asset through the use of a distributed ledger structure.
However, since January this year, updates on the project’s progress on the ASX may have been overshadowed by controversy. In March, Australian news media began speculating that, although the ASX had reaffirmed its support for the trial, the blockchain project might also be thrown into doubt following the premature resignation of the agency’s CEO Elmer Funke Kupper. Voice,.
2. Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group
CME Group is one of the founders of the "Post-Trade Distributed Ledger Working Group" and has currently carried out very active actions in the industry through its investment arm CME Ventures .
CME Group is unique among its peers. It has always pursued a cross-industry diversified investment strategy.It has invested in distributed ledger startup Ripple, blockchain investment group Digital Currency Group and Digital Asset Holdings. Beyond that, however, CME Group has yet to speak publicly about its conduct in technology and the larger industry.
3. Deutsche Börse
Deutsche Börse, the operator of Germany’s Frankfurt Stock Exchange, is another player on this list, and it also participated in Digital Asset Holdings’ $60 million financing in January this year.
However, unlike its co-investor ASX, Deutsche Börse has been less vocal about its support for the technology.
In an interview in February, Deutsche Börse said it was working on a proof-of-concept for the technology, although it has yet to release any findings or test results.
4. Dubai Multi Commodity Trading Center
In the Middle East, blockchain-related activities are relatively scarce, and this situation continued until the recent opening of the Global Blockchain Council. The 32-member Global Blockchain Council is a group of startups, financial firms and tech giants that oversees technology applications and their impact.
Built on the basis of these members, Du Multi Commodities Center is a special economic zone and commodity circulation center responsible for overseeing the trading of precious metals and other tangible commodities.
DMCC announced in February that it was engaging in a technology trial with Bitcoin startup BitOasis to explore how blockchain technology could improve its personnel onboarding process.
5. Japan Exchange Group (JPX)
Japan Exchange Group is a relatively active stock market operator in Asia. It announced its interest in the industry in February and has officially formed an alliance with IBM. Become a user of Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS).
At the time, reports stated that Japan Exchange Group was embarking on a proof of concept to study the role of blockchain technology in creating a new trading system for low-liquid assets, with the final results to be released through a report later this year announced.
Earlier this month, Japan Exchange Group also announced that it is working with the Nomura Research Institute (NRI) to conduct trials to study how the technology can be applied to the securities market.
6. Korea Exchange
Korea Exchange is the only stock exchange in South Korea and a new addition to this listOne of them, it announced in February that it would seek to launch an over-the-counter trading platform using blockchain technology.
In statements to local news outlets, Korea Exchange said it hopes the technology will help reduce costs. Details about the trial and the company's involvement in the group were not released.
7. London Stock Exchange (LSE)
The London Stock Exchange is one of the founding institutions of the “Post-Trade Distributed Ledger Working Group” and when it comes to experiments on blockchain technology, the LSE It is one of the most dynamic but also the most low-key institutions.
The London Stock Exchange is one of the first groups to follow in the footsteps of startup R3, and it is the first to say that large financial firms will look to use collaborative models to conduct blockchain testing, beyond R3’s frame.
It was also from that time that some large financial companies began to participate in private proof-of-concepts and operations in certain areas of the capital market involving various parties.
In addition, like Kouvola Innovation and Japan Exchange Group, the London Stock Exchange is also one of the initial customers of IBM's Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS).
8. Nasdaq
When it comes to testing blockchain technology, Nasdaq is probably the most proactive organization. U.S. stock market operator Nasdaq first launched Linq, a private equity trading platform, in 2015, thus becoming the first financial institution to conduct a blockchain proof-of-concept. The platform is currently still in the testing phase.
In addition, Nasdaq has also reached a cooperation with blockchain solution provider Chain and allows its internal experts to speak openly about blockchain technology.
In 2016, Nasdaq continued this momentum. For example, it previously revealed that it is working with Estonia’s Nasdaq OMX Tallinn Stock Exchange on a trial to use blockchain technology to reduce various obstacles to shareholder voting.
9. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
The New York Stock Exchange was one of the first companies to take an interest in the industry. In 2015, the NYSE issued two important announcements. The statements are all related to Bitcoin.
In January 2015, NYSE invested in the Bitcoin service company Coinbase as part of its Series C financing. At the time, NYSE Chairman Jeffrey Sprecher said the investment showed confidence in the widespread use of digital currencies by millennials, whom he described as having a more progressive view of value exchange.
In May, NYSE will continue to launch a Bitcoin price index, which will also becomeA competitor to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index (BPI), which is plotted using transaction data from the Coinbase trading platform.
10.TMX Group
TMX Group, the operator of the Toronto Stock Exchange, has never expressed a clear opinion on blockchain technology.
However, with the hiring of Anthony Di Iorio (one of the co-founders of Ethereum) as the agency’s first chief digital technology officer, TMX also publicly expressed its interest in the blockchain for the first time in March this year. Interest in chain technology. The next-generation network has become one of the most important blockchain applications in the public eye following its product launch in March.
Nonetheless, TMX Group has stated that it is in the early stages of generating a blockchain strategy and that it may soon be testing the technology. (Babbitt)
11. Puyin Group
Puyin Group launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency. Puyin is a high-quality Tibetan tea asset that has been warehousing, appraised, evaluated and confirmed by three parties. It is encrypted A digitally issued standard digital currency.

㈣ Okcoin Coin Bank Xu Mingxing analyzes how the blockchain trust machine operates

The name blockchain as a "trust machine" originated from "The Economist" an article. From a macro level, the Internet is a network that transmits information. Today we can shop through the Internet and send WeChat messages. Nowadays, many technical experts and people in the traditional financial industry around the world regard blockchain as a revolutionary technology because blockchain is a network for transmitting transactions. Therefore, a well-known VC in the United States said that blockchain is a financial technology. the underlying protocol.
Suppose there is a user A who wants to transfer money to another user B. What are the differences between the traditional financial network and the blockchain network? In today's existing financial network, for example, when transferring money from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China to China Merchants Bank, users can first access the database through ICBC's online banking or ATM machine, and the database can be transferred to the database of another bank through the clearing company of the blockchain center. , after which the user receives the money. If this transaction is done on the blockchain, first the transaction will be broadcast to a decentralized network, or a P2P network, and the transaction will be elected by bookkeepers on the network through some mathematical mechanisms. Verification is done to verify whether the transaction is genuine. It uses mathematical algorithms to ensure that the transaction cannot be forged in principle. When the bookkeeper agrees that the transaction is valid, it will form an account book and broadcast this account book to everyone on the network, which of course includes the payee.
Centralized network, this is the earliest and most primitive network. Our Internet today is like this, it is a distributed network. It has many small centers connected through a backbone network to form a distributed network. The blockchain network is actually a very efficient network, because this network has a lot of data redundancy and the transmission is not very efficient. However, as time develops and the transmission becomes stronger, this redundancy willThe remaining problem is no longer a big problem.
There is no powerful center in the blockchain network that can control or tamper with the data in the network. We can understand that a decentralized network is a network built on a distributed network. In many countries, such as many reports made by the Bank of England, blockchain is also translated into a distributed ledger. Blockchain originally originated from Bitcoin. Now many traditional financial companies are beginning to study and experiment with blockchain, such as RIPPLE, R3 Alliance, etc.
If we carefully analyze the role of distributed ledgers such as blockchain, we can find that it has many applications. For example, in the field of personal finance, there are many payment companies, remittance companies, etc. based on blockchain. At the political level, some have applied blockchain technology to elections, which can technically ensure that votes cannot be tampered with. There is also the field of digital currency. The Bank of England uses blockchain technology to develop another digital currency. It is different from the balance of Alipay and online banks. Of course, it is not an uncontrolled currency like Bitcoin. Its issuance rights are still in the hands of the central bank, but its liquidation and circulation network are built on the opened blockchain network. Its advantages are that WeChat Pay and Alipay can transfer funds to each other. For example, when I apply for a parking card, the original system naturally creates some payment barriers. The underlying digital technology can eliminate these barriers. IBM and others are making attempts in this regard.
An example is R3. R3 is a very good company in the world. They are trying to build a clearing network for credit bonds and bank bonds. Domestic clearing companies are all dedicated clearing companies. In fact, there is no such clearing center internationally. First of all, Several large banks in China conduct communication protocols, and then small banks make agreements inside, which is very complicated. Because there is no powerful center in the world that can build an international clearing system, not even the World Bank. Companies like R3 are trying to use technology to do it. In the world, countries do not trust each other, or banks have quality inspection departments of each other. Trust, but we can all trust technology, and blockchain is such a technology.
We have also done some innovative work in this field. We started with Bitcoin, the first application of blockchain. Our product is called OKCoin. This year we launched a new blockchain Financial network OKLink, OKLink products mainly do small-amount international remittances in Hong Kong.
Everyone knows that there are multi-layered capital flows in the world, and the separation of capital flows and information flows, resulting in very high costs for international remittances. There is a prediction in the world that many people work outside and remit money back. The amount is 700 billion US dollars every year. The single amount is small, and the average handling fee is 10%. For example, a Filipino maid earns 4,000 Hong Kong dollars per month in Hong Kong, but loses 800 Hong Kong dollars when she returns home.
OKCoin puts many companies in the blockchain, allowing them to liquidate efficiently and at low cost, but it will not make false accounts and has no ability to run away. At present, we have opened up ten channels around the world.several countries. There is no China yet. In China, only banks can legally transfer money. Blockchain has helped our company establish a credit internationally. This is not the credit of our company, nor the credit of investors, but the credit of technology, so we have some partners in Africa and Southeast Asia who are willing to Believe in the security and resonance of the network.

We also have an APP on the C-side to allocate remittance orders from around the world to these remittance companies. We are currently commercializing the blockchain operation network in the world. We process millions of dollars every month, and we do it in compliance with regulations in all countries around the world.
Summarize what blockchain technology can do. Blockchain technology is actually a technology that opens your ledger to the public. When do we need to open the ledger to the public? When others don’t believe in your platform, in the short term its application is more suitable for areas with weak credibility. But in the long run, units with their own credit, such as Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange, will also use blockchain technology in the future, because the current cost is very high, so in the long run, this strong Credit units may use blockchain technology to reduce costs in the future. (Reprinted from NetEase News)
Of course, the same is true for Bitcoin, Ethereum, and the decentralized content sharing platform DECENT.

㈤ What is blockchain

1. Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each The data block contains information about a batch of Bitcoin network transactions and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
2. "Blockchain" It can not only record every transaction, but can also be programmed to record almost everything of value to humans: birth and death certificates, marriage certificates, ownership deeds, degree certificates, financial accounts , medical history, insurance claims, ballots, food sources, and anything else that can be represented by a code. Each block is like a hard disk that saves all the above information and then encrypts it through cryptography technology. The saved information cannot be tampered with.

㈥ Which countries are currently leading in blockchain in the world?

At present, the countries that are leading in blockchain in the world are mainly as follows:

1. United States: The United States is one of the largest blockchain markets in the world, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. At the same time, the U.S. government is also promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved the first securities trading platform based on blockchain technology.

2. Singapore: Singapore isOne of the leaders in the blockchain field in Asia, it is accompanied by a number of leading blockchain companies and research institutions. The Singapore government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has launched multiple blockchain projects, including blockchain-based payment systems and digital identity verification systems.

3. Switzerland: Switzerland is one of the leaders in the European blockchain field and has many blockchain start-ups and research institutions. The Swiss government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) has launched an electronic ticketing system based on blockchain.

4. Japan: Japan is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Japanese government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Japan Financial Services Agency has approved the first digital currency exchange based on blockchain technology.

5. South Korea: South Korea is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Korean government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of South Korea has launched a real estate registration system based on blockchain technology.

㈦ The purpose of using Ethereum blockchain technology for voting in the city of Moscow

The first real milestone should be a local election, and ultimately The goal is national elections.

At a time when people’s trust in government institutions in Western countries is declining at an alarming rate, the Russian government under Putin is taking steps to try to strengthen people’s trust in its systems.

Russia’s democratic system has a long history, but the legacy of corruption left over from the collapse of the Soviet Union and subsequent plunder from the Western world during the Yeltsin years are still a big problem.

Russia’s launch of this system coincided with “U.S. Special Counsel Mueller formally filed charges against 13 Russians and 3 Russian entities for interfering in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, causing a global sensation.” when. To anti-democratic forces, the incident made Mueller look even more like an exploitable fool.

While the bosses in Washington are still dissatisfied and complaining about the election results they do not like, Russia is moving to ensure that one of Joseph Stalin's most often quoted maxims-"The vote People decide nothing, those who count votes decide everything” does not apply to Russia.