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1. Which countries are currently leading in blockchain in the world?

At present, the countries that are leading in blockchain in the world are mainly as follows:

1. United States: The United States is one of the largest blockchain markets in the world, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. At the same time, the U.S. government is also promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved the first securities trading platform based on blockchain technology.

2. Singapore: Singapore is one of the leaders in the blockchain field in Asia, with a number of leading blockchain companies and research institutions. The Singapore government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has launched multiple blockchain projects, including blockchain-based payment systems and digital identity verification systems.

3. Switzerland: Switzerland is one of the leaders in the European blockchain field and has many blockchain start-ups and research institutions. The Swiss government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) has launched an electronic ticketing system based on blockchain.

4. Japan: Japan is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Japanese government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Japan Financial Services Agency has approved the first digital currency exchange based on blockchain technology.

5. South Korea: South Korea is one of the important countries in the blockchain field in Asia, with many blockchain start-ups and technology giants. The Korean government is also actively promoting the application of blockchain technology. For example, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of South Korea has launched a real estate registration system based on blockchain technology.

2. What is the significance of Coca-Cola and the U.S. government launching a blockchain project?

Recently, it was reported that The Coca-Cola Company, the U.S. State Department, and KnowTheChain announced the launch of a new blockchain digital ledger project. A registry of supply chain workers will be created to combat the global issue of forced labour. The U.S. State Department stated that this project is of great significance and is also a typical application of blockchain technology trying to solve social problems.

In fact, Coca-Cola Company stated that their blockchain project has been underway for more than a year. Brent Wilton, the company's global director of employee rights, revealed that the blockchain project is currently in the trial operation stage and will significantly improve the transparency and efficiency of verification related to labor policies in the supply chain.

3. Do you know the three important stages in the history of blockchain development?

As blockchain technology matures, blockchain technology has made significant progress in the financial field. results. Whether they are investors, practitioners in related financial fields, or technology practitioners, they are all very concerned about blockchain. Many people or platforms have begun to devote themselves wholeheartedly toAmong them, the use of blockchain technology to create a new financial system has also produced impressive results.

If you have studied blockchain, maybe you have a deeper understanding of blockchain. Since the birth of blockchain, in terms of applications, It has gone through three stages of change. There have been important developments and inventions at every stage of blockchain technology, and blockchain technology has only existed for a small portion of the Internet's time, so there are likely still important developments to come.

The first technical stage

Bitcoin has been running since 2019. The main technology supporting the Bitcoin system includes hashing Technologies such as functions, distributed ledgers, blockchain, asymmetric encryption, and workload proof constitute the initial version of the blockchain.

At present, blockchain technology is not yet mature, the conservative tendency within many organizations is still obvious, and the use of centralized technology and processes in the market to make profits Intermediaries that collect revenue, equipment providers are also hyping up the concerns it may bring.

Second market phase

In early 2013, the price of Bitcoin began rise. In November of the same year, a U.S. Senate hearing clarified the legality of Bitcoin, and the price of Bitcoin rose sharply. But at this time, the blockchain has not yet reached the mainstream social and economic foundation, but its price has risen beyond expectations. At this time, the market opened up the visibility of Bitcoin and blockchain, but despite this, they still did not gain universal acceptance to a certain extent.

The third mainstream stage

Bitcoin, which is an alternative to the mainstream economy, began to recover. Market demand increased and transaction scale expanded rapidly. It also opened up the bull market of 2016-2017. . The enrichment effect of Bitcoin and the spillover effect caused by the congestion of the Bitcoin network have led to the explosive and crazy growth of other virtual currencies and various blockchain applications. At this time, it triggered a crazy global pursuit to make Bitcoin and blockchain a complete global vision.

In 2020, although the epidemic has dealt an important blow to our economy, the hot development of Bitcoin and blockchain tells us that they It is creating opportunities and driving related development. Just like the recent price of Bitcoin is close to 30,000 US dollars, such a market has brought surprises to many people, and it has also promoted the development of exchanges. After all, exchanges are the only way to buy Bitcoins. Its popularity is also It has brought good profits to exchanges, such as Huobi, Saturn Exchange, etc., which have refreshed history many times because of this bull market.History Transaction volume. In fact, no matter which industry develops, it will always drive multiple industries. After all, many things are always closely related.

4. What the blockchain changes is not productivity, but production relations. The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy!

"Lichang" - the first community for public chain mining

What the blockchain brings is a once-in-500-year opportunity, because it does not change productivity. But the relations of production.

1. Another economic form will be reborn

If a person works for a company 8 hours a day, must he work for a company in the future? Is it possible to be self-centered rather than company-centered?

This is the thinking brought to us by blockchain technology.

Most people think of blockchain as a new technology, some say it is a new generation of the Internet, and some call it the digitization of currency or assets. The author believes that what blockchain is facing is to subvert the entire social relations and social organization forms. It is a manifestation of the development of productivity to a certain stage. The Internet has brought about a great development of productivity. The previous production relations are no longer suitable for the development of productivity levels, and have even hindered the development of productivity.

The exchange of new productive forces and the birth of new production relations are the token economy brought about by blockchain technology. It has a far-reaching impact than the blockchain technology itself.

Previous capitalist reforms were all centered around capital, and tokens will subvert the economy and even capital. The original modern company organization method of capital structure with raised funds as the core will be subverted by the future economic organization method of token structure with contribution incentives as the core.

The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy, and capitalism may be subverted by tokenism.

2. Reshaping human organizational forms and business organizations

The corporate system can be regarded as the greatest invention of capitalist society in the past few hundred years. It can be said that without the company, there would be no history of Britain becoming an empire on which the sun never sets, and there would be no strong rise of the United States. But as the company has developed over the years, problems have also emerged.

Labor creates value, but workers do not enjoy value, that is, those who create value do not enjoy value, and those who enjoy value do not create value. For example, in Taobao, value is created by executives, employees, consumers, distributors, and suppliers, but those who truly enjoy value are those who invest in the capital market.

It’s time for humankind’s organizational and economic forms to be reshaped. In the past, when running a company, as long as it raised funds, it could hire more people, buy more production materials, and expand reproduction.In this era of fragmentation, entrepreneurs no longer need to rely on a lot of capital to start a business. They can also crowdfund to start a business. Even if you don’t invest any money, as long as your people contribute to the company, they can enjoy the value of the company.

The organizational form of resources has changed: funds are no longer the most important, resources are the most important.

This organizational method is fully expressed by the blockchain. Wu Xiaobo mentioned a term called "entrepreneur": entrepreneur and investor. It is unimaginable that investors and entrepreneurs can be separated. All valuable things in a company are reflected on the balance sheet. Equipment, factories, and land are the most valuable assets. Now data and users are the most valuable assets in the future, and they are not reflected in the balance sheet.

3. Everyone is a contributor and at the same time a enjoyer

The situation has always been that employees in the company get salaries, and executives get rewards plus some options. , the channel dealer earns a product price difference, and the partner earns a service fee. Now this logic has changed, and the source of value has been changed. In the past, the surplus value of labor was expropriated by capital. In the future, everyone should be a contributor and enjoy.

A person has a variety of resources: human resources, knowledge resources, and governance resources. Everything is centered on the individual, not around the product or the company.

Blockchain subverts the company's core value - maximizing shareholders' interests, and also subverts the company itself. Blockchain's transformation of traditional companies is reflected in its fragmentation of production processes and data, which is exactly the opposite of many social organizations. In the past, in industrialized societies, business could only be done on a large scale because transaction costs were very high.

Blockchain makes granular transactions possible, miniaturized and trustworthy. In the original exchange of capital flows, there must be a process of fund payment when signing a contract. After digital assetization, it can be automatically processed through smart contracts, and the company system faces various challenges.

In the future token economic structure, things that were originally considered valuable may become worthless, such as investors and managers, company equity, assets, and claims that form the basis of a company’s capital structure. , capital, funds; the corporate governance structure that constitutes the company's organizational structure - shareholders' meeting, board of directors, management and employees; the accounting statements that constitute the basis of the company's financial system - costs, assets, liabilities, profits, income, depreciation, etc.

4. What changes is not productivity, it changes production relations

The token system is a great invention. It is not a technology or a currency for financing, but the integration of all New organizational forms and operating methods for resource and value sharing are the next economic era. "Certificate Circle" will become an updated model after "Coin Circle", "Chain Circle" and "Mining Circle".A circle where more traditional companies continue to pour into the market.

Tokenized transformation: currency reform → chain reform → certificate reform

1C0 is the blood, the chain is the skeleton, and the token is the soul. It can make a person and a community come alive. Everyone is a creator and value contributor, and everyone is an owner and enjoyer. This is the real meaning. However, the current currency reform and chain reform claim to be decentralized and cannot be tampered with, but they still remain at the technical level.

Technology will develop very fast in the future. This is not a problem that needs to be worried about. The biggest problem is whether the production relations have been adjusted. Just like as long as the company is established, financing and share reform are not problems.

The upper layer of the pass is currency reform, financing, 1C0, and white paper, which has the function of financing and financial attributes; the lower layer is chain reform, blockchain technology, distributed accounting, encryption authorization, and consensus Mechanisms, smart contracts, etc. have technical attributes. They are interrelated and form a business logic, which is the core of the certificate. But now the top and bottom are separated. People who talk about chains talk about chains, and people who talk about coins talk about coins.

Certificate reform is the operating mechanism of a community. It is the sum of investment, production, distribution, exchange, consumption and other relationships, and has social attributes. It is not determined by the value of the chain, nor by how high the currency is speculated, but by the value of its own operation. The scope of tokens is larger than digital currency and blockchain itself. It is an adjustment of production relations when productivity has developed to a certain stage.

Therefore, in the future society may enter a token community organization, a token economy, or even a tokenism society.

Which fields or companies need token reform

5. Tokens create value and issue coins through the blockchain

The value of the currency is stable , the certificate can appreciate in value. Therefore, the transformation of the token system is a precise distribution and transaction model.

The certificates obtained by investors, the certificates obtained by producers, the certificates obtained by allocators, the certificates obtained by traders, and the certificates obtained by consumers. Balancing these five relationships requires accurate big data analysis. , to achieve a balanced and stable growth mechanism. Therefore, certificate reform is not that simple. Chain reform is the participation of technology, currency reform is the preparation of white papers, and certificate reform can create core value.

After centralization, the company is at the core, while decentralization is at the core of the token. A completely decentralized company has no value.

Is the value of a fully centralized token zero? Does the issuance of coins mean the embodiment of real tokens?

In the future, many company forms will change. Public companies, private companies, credit companies, market capitalization companies, and market capitalization management price-to-earnings ratios are actually issues we need to think about during the transformation of the token system.

In the past, opportunities were once in 10 years, once in 30 years, and once in 100 years. Now they are once in 500 years. The author believes that blockchain is a very big opportunity. Instead of participating in the currency circle and chain circle, It is better to create enterprises with real blockchain token value.

5. The U.S. House of Representatives investigates the four major technology giants, and blockchain may usher in greater opportunities

On October 6, the Antitrust Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives issued a This digital economy competition investigation report lists the large-scale monopoly situations adopted by Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google, and provides relevant solutions. According to reports, this report is based on the transcripts of 7 congressional hearings, nearly 1.3 million internal documents, submissions from 38 antitrust experts, and interviews with more than 240 market participants and former employees of the platforms under investigation.

This 449-page report describes the history and relationship between the United States and technology giants. problems faced. Among them, there is no lack of the monopoly market phenomenon that has been formed for a long time by these four companies to suppress competitors;

We know that when a company is strong enough in a certain industry, it will have tangible or Invisibly, there will be a certain monopoly phenomenon, either in technology or products. This is nothing more than maintaining its leadership position in the industry; but for the country, this phenomenon will obviously curb the innovation of other companies. and development, which is not conducive to the progress and stability of society.

We have all known for a long time that these companies have a monopoly on industry products, and this is not the first time that their monopoly has been investigated; and this time, 449, which was eliminated, also reported, It is obvious that they have made sufficient investigations and preparations, and have also given certain solutions; they even likened the monopoly of these companies on existing industry technologies and products to the kind of monopoly giants we once saw in the era of oil tycoons and railroad tycoons. .

But for those who are engaged in blockchain, they may find a different meaning;

Apple, Amazon Although , Facebook and Google all have their own monopolized industries, they are all Internet companies, and the growth of the Internet benefited from the United States’ original split of telecommunications, railways, and even oil monopolies. Well, since the United States can forcefully break up powerful oligarchs, it is not impossible for these Internet companies to see this happen in the future. So, to achieve this, new technologies need to emerge to influence and change the Internet industry; and as a decentralized blockchain, it is likely to shoulder this important task.

Taking social networking as an example, basicallyBlockchain-based social media is likely to benefit from the confrontation with Facebook. According to statistics, since its inception in 2004, Facebook has repeatedly prevented the leakage of personal information; in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2018, this situation has occurred again and again. For the majority of users, they may have already felt Feeling helpless, if there is any alternative, I believe they will resolutely choose to change;

And decentralization Social networking may really be able to do this; if a social media, personal information can be encrypted using blockchain technology, and then the individual saves the private key, and all requests to retrieve personal information require the individual's permission, then this This situation can be greatly improved; this is of great significance to the majority of users who pay more and more attention to the protection of personal information.

After the release of Netflix's new documentary titled "The Social Dilemma," many users are reconsidering the need to have accounts like Facebook and Instagram. "The Social Dilemma" has been hailed by the media as "the most important documentary of our time". It reveals how technology companies influence national elections, "track" billions of people on the Internet, serve them targeted ads, and come up with ideas. Features that lead to their addiction. As young people in the new era, they may hate the impact of this situation on themselves;

Seek to make Internet intermediaries more neutral and open, and to separate them from those who can use their accumulated The control of information by powerful third parties for their own purposes seems to be a fairly clear use case for turning to apps and websites that are decentralized in nature. In other words, the kind of infrastructure that the blockchain community has built over the past decade.

Blockchain technology has decentralized characteristics; after years of research and development, DAPPs and decentralized social platforms using this technology have emerged, such as VOICE , a decentralized content platform, or even a decentralized retail market or the use of blockchain in products for traceability or product ownership verification, etc.; what I believe is that with the improvement of the blockchain industry infrastructure, then Most of the technologies or industrial applications related to the Internet will appear on the blockchain;

In this process , maybe it will go through a process from prosperity to chaos to a complete explosion of applications, and then the emergence of phenomenal applications, and finally return to the situation of monopoly; maybe this is the development process of society, there are great similarities; At the same time, in a few years, there will be a new technology that breaks this monopoly and creates new technologies andApplication form; however, there is no doubt that the next long period of time will belong to the era of blockchain, and we should not miss it.

6. The two giants of blockchain mining machines have successively submitted applications for listing in the United States, desperately trying to seize the "window" to see if they can do so

China Times (chinatimes.net.cn) reporter Yangliu Hu Jinhua Wu Min reports from Shanghai and Beijing

The trend of the blockchain industry has begun to become clearer as the country issues clear encouragement signals. Canaan and Bitmain, the two major domestic mining giants that have been struggling to go public, seem to have grasped "life-saving straws."

"China Times" reporters learned that on October 28, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced the IPO documents of chip mining machine manufacturer Canaan Yunzhi. The documents showed that Canaan Yunzhi's plan to raise funds was insufficient. It exceeded US$400 million, which was smaller than the US$1 billion raised during the failed IPO in Hong Kong. This is also the fourth time that Canaan has sought financing channels from overseas capital markets after several unsuccessful IPOs in Hong Kong. .

On the other hand, Bitmain, as the world's largest cryptocurrency mining company and a competitor of Canaan in the mining machine and AI chip markets, is staged a "CEO revolt." Just on October 29, Wu Jihan, the co-founder of Bitmain, publicly announced at an all-employee meeting that he would terminate all positions of Bitmain’s legal representative and chairman Ketuan Zhan, who started the business together. The two founders completely broke up. .

On October 30, new news came out of Bitmain. According to reports from self-media in the relevant industry, one week before Wu Jihan launched this "coup" raid, Bitmain had secretly submitted a listing application to the SEC, and the sponsor was Deutsche Bank. This process has been led by Jihan Wu and CFO Liu Luyao, another senior executive of Bitmain, with Ketuan Zhan less involved. In this regard, our reporter also called the relevant departments of Bitmain, but Bitmain declined to comment.

"Both Canaan Ventures and Bitmain have been on the road to IPO in the past two years, but the road ahead is bumpy. Due to the cold winter period in the mining industry, the mining companies of these two institutions have The machine business is deteriorating, and the capital chain is even tighter. Now that the country’s favorable policies have been introduced, there is no doubt that both institutions have begun to rush into the US stock market. Compared with the two capital markets of the mainland and Hong Kong, Canaan has always been cautious about such business, so Canaan It is almost impossible for Yunzhi and Bitmain to be listed in Shanghai and Hong Kong. The US stock market is relatively loose. For Bitmain, Wu Jihan’s strong return means that if it obtains shareholder support, Bitmain will focus on the areas with the most advantages. The blockchain industry is regrouping in the mining machine and mining pool business and launching an impact on the US stock market." On October 30, Liang Ming (pseudonym), an investor in the mining machine business in Shanghai, told a reporter from China Times.

The future of the second “mining” company’s IPO in the United States is uncertain

Compared with the turbulent Bitmain, Canaan is one step ahead, launching its fourth IPO and submitting a U.S. stock prospectus.

According to Canaan’s disclosure in the prospectus, the company started by producing Bitcoin mining machines and is the world’s second largest Bitcoin mining machine manufacturer. In the first half of 2019, its mining machine sales were According to calculations, the company's market share in the first half of 2019 was 23.3%, ranking second in the world, and Bitmain's market share was 64.5%, ranking first.

According to public information, as the world's second largest manufacturer of Bitcoin mining machines, Canaan's Avalon mining machine was launched in 2013, which is a commercial ASIC chip Bitcoin mining machine. Bitcoin "miners" bid farewell to the original era of computer CPU and GPU mining and chose high-power ASIC chip mining machines.

In 2015, due to Bitmain’s dominance of the mining industry with its S7 Antminer and subsequent S9 mining machines for many years, Canaan’s new series of mining machines was late in losing its first-mover advantage. In July 2018, Canaan released the Avalon A9 series, which was earlier than Bitmain’s launch of 7nm technology ASIC chip mining machines. Due to the low price of the virtual currency market, Canaan's efforts to make a comeback have had limited success this time.

Reporters found on Canaan’s official website that the Avalon A1166 is currently priced at US$1,978. The A11 series of Avalon A1146, A1066, A1047, A1026 and other mining machines are also on sale.

According to sources in the mining market, Canaan recently released the Avalon A1166, which has a computing power rating of 73TH/s and an energy consumption ratio of 46J/T. A1166 is Canaan's best mining machine at present. Based on the current Bitcoin price and mining profits, the time to pay back the investment is about 230 days.

It is worth noting that in this prospectus, Canaan listed Bitcoin price as the first risk factor. Due to the downturn in currency prices and the sharp fall in mining machine prices, Canaan Yunzhi achieved revenue of 289 million yuan and a net profit loss of 331 million yuan in the first half of this year. Compared with the net profit of 216 million in the first half of 2018, the profit dropped by 252% year-on-year.

“The price of Bitcoin controls the fate of major mining machine manufacturers, and the symbiotic nature is very obvious. Mining machines not only consume electricity, but their mining costs are also affected by the dry and wet periods of hydropower. "On October 28, a mining machine manufacturer in Sichuan said in an interview with a reporter from China Times.

The prospectus shows that the funds raised from this IPO will be used for the research and development of AI algorithms and application-related ASICs, and the company’s future revenue growth will depend on whether it can successfully open up AI. markets and enter new application areas.

In other words, in addition to mining machine sales, Canaan is also working hard in the field of AI algorithms and applications, trying to transform into an AI chip manufacturer.

The mining machine boss also went public after the internal battle

In fact, as the development of China's blockchain industry has been elevated to a national level, what has happened recently in the mining machine industry, especially the two giants, has really made the outside world dizzy.

Since the "second eldest" Canaan and Zhizhi have chosen to go public, why can't Bitmain, the boss, go public, even though it is currently involved in a battle for management control?

In an important notice issued to employees by Bitmain co-founder Jihan Wu on October 28, he decided to terminate Micree Zhan from all positions in Bitmain, effective immediately. It also stated that any employee of Bitmain shall no longer carry out Micree Zhan’s instructions and shall not participate in meetings convened by Micree Zhan. If there is any violation, the company will consider terminating the labor contract depending on the severity of the case; if it causes damage to the company’s economic interests, the company will pursue civil or criminal prosecution in accordance with the law. responsibility.

There is more news that Wu Jihan subsequently sent another email announcing the dismissal of Wang Zhi, the current head of HR. Wang Zhi was appointed by Ketuan Zhan and seems to be very unpopular within Bitmain. Micree Zhan is currently prohibited from entering the company's office, and employees are prohibited from continuing to follow instructions, which is equivalent to being expelled "out of the country."

A reporter from "China Times" also reviewed the development history of Bitmain and found that the main operating entity of Bitmain is Beijing Bitmain Technology Co., Ltd. The predecessor of Bitmain was founded by Ketuan Zhan, Wu Jihan was a latecomer, and the circle Nei has always believed that Ketuan Zhan is the real operator of Bitmain.

In August 2018, Bitmain went to Hong Kong for its IPO. According to the prospectus at the time, Ketuan Zhan held 36% of Bitmain’s shares and was the largest shareholder; Jihan Wu held 25.25% of the shares and was the second largest shareholder. No one has absolute control.

According to analysis by insiders, the root cause of the split between the two parties is the disagreement between the two founders on the company's business line. The core is their different opinions on whether to develop the AI ​​chip business. Wu Jihan prefers to do mining machines and mining, while Zhan Ketuan prefers to do technology and lead Bitmain's AI projects.

Public reports show that in March this year, Wu Jihan had distanced himself from the management of Bitmain.

At that time, Wu Jihan led some core technical personnel to create a new company dedicated to the construction of blockchain infrastructure. Its business included digital currency exchanges, mining pools, etc. It is reported that Bitmain has also invested in Wu Jihan’s new company, while Wu Jihan continues to hold shares in Bitmain. After Wu Jihan "established a new business", Bitmain's business mainly focused on AI chips and mining machine chips, with Zhan Ketuan fully in charge.

However, there are already clues that Wu Jihan can make a comeback this time.

According to information from Qichacha, on October 28, the legal representative of Beijing Bitmain Technology Co., Ltd. was changed from Ketuan Zhan to Jihan Wu, and Wu Jihan also succeeded Ketuan Zhan as executive director. Ketuan Zhan resigned as executive director and continued as manager.

According to an insider from Bitmain, in terms of the development direction of Bitmain, except for Kai-fu Lee, most shareholders within the company almost all support continuing to do business related to blockchain, especially mining machines. This is also the reason why Wu Ji An idea that Han has always insisted on. Spurred by previous rivals' submission of prospectuses, shareholders supported Wu Jihan's rise to power, and their primary purpose was to promote Bitmain's listing in the United States.

7. Is it possible for the United States to continue the hegemony of the U.S. dollar through blockchain technology and digital cryptocurrency?

Judging from the actions of the U.S. political and business circles over the past year, the idea of ​​continuing hegemony is inevitable.

Due to various reasons, they also have a better internal and external environment: for example, the United States has now become the number one country for Bitcoin mining, and various American institutions have almost arbitrary control over the Bitcoin market. Control, major innovative public chains such as ADA, Solana, Mina, Algorand and the main stablecoin types on the market are all from the United States. Objectively speaking, they have already occupied a dominant position in the fields of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency.

Having said so much, the core meaning is that the United States and China may have completely different paths to developing digital fiat currencies, and their attitudes towards private cryptocurrency are also completely different. In competition in one field, both sides adopt completely different playing styles, which is very scary and very worrying.

Bitcoin was invented by Americans.

It’s impossible. Blockchain and encryption technology themselves are de-hegemonic logic. Although blockchain and encryption technology occur in the United States, they essentially do not belong to any country, because all technical codes are sourced and no one person can control or manipulate it.