区块链政府危机的原因,区块链政府危机案例

Ⅰ What challenges does my country's blockchain development face

At present, the current development status of my country's blockchain technology is that there are many patents, papers and few codes, no independent, safe and controllable underlying platform, and no The integrated platform of software and hardware will directly lead to the technical risk of the core technology of the blockchain being controlled by others, the financial risk of foreign open source platforms seizing the financial market, and the economic risk of foreign open source platforms penetrating our country's real and virtual economy. Therefore, it is very important to implement blockchain applications as soon as possible. Now various places have implemented applications with policy support. Changsha High-tech Zone has officially implemented a blockchain project, called SMIC Blockchain Service Platform, which is a The government-enterprise service platform, in cooperation with Changsha Bank, Dean Judicial Services, etc., is now in the stage of recruiting companies to join the chain.

II How does blockchain solve the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis?

How blockchain solves the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis:
1. Tighten your belt, earn more and spend less Pay back the money slowly.
2. Monetize debt and reduce the real purchasing power of debt through inflation.
3. Debt monetization solves the debt crisis and asset liquidation, so blockchain solves the US subprime mortgage crisis.

Ⅲ The impact of the continuous issuance of blockchain currency

In the short term, appropriate additional issuance of currency will increase currency liquidity and stimulate the economy. In the long run, additional currency issuance will lead to inflation. Inflation is related to the consumer price index (CPI). When prices rise, money becomes less valuable, causing more and more people to be unwilling to consume. At this time, people's demand for money decreases. At this time, the government may run a fiscal deficit and need to lower interest rates to stimulate the economy. This is a cycle that will lead to a bubble economy. The final result is that the entire economy is vulnerable to crisis.

IV The blockchain that aims to build a trusting society has created a huge trust crisis

The distrust in human nature is actually a kind of self-protection in a different direction.

When money, health, future, and life all become bets, even kind-hearted people will want to stay away. When the price of breach of contract is negligible, and when morality becomes the only binding force, the evil in human nature becomes overt and arrogant. The devil also has to abide by the contract.

The business society is built on trust. Without trust, there would be no business. When you buy a house, you have to trust that the builder didn't cut corners. Even if there is, it cannot collapse instantly. When you go to the hospital to see a doctor, you must trust that the doctor is professional and ethical and will not treat you randomly or even poison you to death.

This creates a contradiction. We need to protect ourselves out of distrust, but we also need to build trust so that we can work and live together in a business society. And the road from distrust to trust consumes a lot of our energy. People have also thought of various ways to solve it. Of course the costs are high.

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But the emergence of blockchain makes trust simple. No, it shouldIt's relatively simple to say.

Many professionals and blockchain believers in the blockchain industry believe that once the blockchain era arrives, it will subvert all our current perceptions and we will enter a new era. , an era where there is no longer a crisis of trust. Trust is an agreement that exists in the subconscious, but the subconscious is changeable, so the trust relationship is unstable. The blockchain uses rational technology to solve the distrust in human nature.

Blockchain builds a decentralized trust system, which means that technology can be used to ensure the establishment of peer-to-peer trust and reach consensus without the need for third-party guarantees. ——This is the solution to the classic Byzantine generals problem. The formation of this social network means that we can form a social trust relationship at a very low cost, thereby significantly reducing the operating costs of the entire society.

Including me, I thought the same way before. I also wrote an article on Bihu, explaining how blockchain can achieve the "magic" of trustlessness through algorithms. But the operation in the real society has found that we think of all this simply.

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The core of blockchain’s trustless mechanism lies in its algorithm. Using algorithms and decentralized mechanisms, the entire network information cannot be tampered with and no one can. Gain control of the network. Everyone trusts the algorithm, which is fair to everyone and open and transparent. As long as you follow the established rules, you will have predictable results.

In fact, if we follow this model, blockchain can indeed achieve the result of building a trusting society. But the gap between reality and ideals is huge.

Just give a few examples and you can fully feel the trust crisis in the currency circle and the chain circle.

Exchanges, whether domestic or foreign, as long as they deal in cryptocurrency futures contracts, have been accused of engaging in bad practices such as price manipulation or "unplugging network cables". Through this behavior, users can liquidate their positions. thereby obtaining benefits.

All projects are packaged in blockchain and issued coins to obtain financing. But the project is actually an air project, either with nothing or with extremely poor qualifications. What’s more terrible is that the project was originally done well, but the money suddenly became too much, and I lost motivation, so I took the money and left.

Crisis of trust in stablecoins. Stablecoins are a safe-haven asset that is much needed in the currency circle. Especially in the bear market, there is a lot of demand, and USDT continues to be issued during the bear market. It can be said that it feels like printing money at will. However, a crisis of trust broke out some time ago, and the currency price is not stable at all. The biggest reason is that users believe that USDT lacks sufficient exchange support after randomly issuing currency, lacks supervision, and the information is completely opaque.

There are too many examples. In fact, the root cause of the bear market comes from the crisis of trust, becauseA crisis of trust. Everyone has lost confidence, and the situation has become worse and worse.

You can see how sad it is that a technology that claims to build a trusting society has actually created such a big crisis of trust. This also makes us discover that technology is not the answer to all problems. There are still many things that cannot be solved simply through technology.

IV After more than ten years, the blockchain is still tepid. Has it failed?

Almost everyone, even those who are skeptical about tokens, Have a positive view of blockchain technology as it has the potential to change the world. However, it has been 10 years since the advent of blockchain technology, and we still have not really used blockchain technology. Some people say that Bitcoin is built on blockchain technology, so the main use of blockchain is as a payment system, or as it develops, as a store of value.

Other uses of blockchain include, for example, as a distributed trading platform, as a new currency, smart contracts, distributed storage, authenticity verification, and immutable distributed ledgers. However, although these have been tried, there are no real applications.

Smart contracts are an interesting phenomenon. Founder Vitalik Buterin aims to create a global computing network that can completely eliminate the need for a centralized third party. This is certainly great in the modern world. However, smart contracts still have a long way to go. The DAO fiasco proved that smart contracts can still be fooled, or should we say, smart contracts are sometimes too smart for their own good.

However, as IC0s continue to use smart contracts as the basis of their business, it proves that blockchain still has hope in this area. Whether it can play a major role in these areas remains to be seen.

The list goes on and on. Without a doubt, it can be deduced that blockchain technology can be integrated into almost all sectors of modern life (including those mentioned above). However, it has been nearly 10 years since the birth of blockchain technology, and no field has yet used blockchain technology to replace the original technology. The ideas are great, but the execution of this technology is simply too slow.

VI Blockchain Discover the pain points of users and cut in at the right time. There are many cases of subverting traditional industries. In the blockchain era, as technology becomes increasingly mature, there are more opportunities to achieve subversive innovation in multiple industries by "resolving trust"; even the "Internet" feels that The difficult car maintenance industry is beginning to be subverted by "blockchain". What else is impossible?

Niu Wenwen, founder and chairman of Dark Horse Academy, often says that "all business in China is worth doing again." Niu Wenwen's words are more aimed at Internet people, and they also describe the changes that the Internet has brought to traditional industries.New opportunities brought about by creation, impact, and change. In the process of providing "solutions" to traditional industries, many Internet people continue to discover the pain points of the industry. Many people have solved the "predecessors" in this industry and become famous in the world.

1. In "providing solutions", Internet cases that subvert traditional industries.

1. Before the establishment of Flash Delivery (a new express delivery model that provides users with direct delivery and time-limited intra-city delivery services), the team mainly provided SAAS software services for domestic express delivery companies. Help express companies provide technical support and "solutions". While providing "solutions" to many express delivery companies, I discovered a gap in the market for "same-city" express delivery, innovated the model, and became famous in one battle. Up to now, there are more than 700 members in the Shanshuo team, with services covering 177 cities, more than 78 million users, and more than 410,000 Shanshuang employees.

2. Before the establishment of Aijia Life (creating a one-stop home decoration service platform by integrating social resources such as real estate, designers, brand hard decoration, and brand home furnishings, focusing on a simple and high-quality lifestyle), The team mainly provides CRM customer management system software services for real estate developers. When cooperating with real estate developers for a long time and providing "solutions", they discovered the industry pain points in the home decoration market. With the help of long-term cooperation resources in real estate, we started the "Home Decoration 3.0" era. , less than 3 years after its establishment, the contract value exceeded 10 billion, causing great ripples in the home decoration industry.

Although we can find many such cases. BUT, in some industries, even if Internet people try hard and try one after another to subvert through "Internet +" or "+Internet", most of them fail. In which industries? They are those industries where the "trust crisis" is serious and cannot be broken through and alleviated by Internet technology alone.

2. By “resolving trust” to disrupt and innovate many industries, “Blockchain ⅹ” will stimulate great vitality.

Before the emergence of blockchain, there were only three types of credit systems in the world. The first was based on morality, which relied on moral constraints to solve the problem of trust. The second is based on faith. Because Christians believe in God and rely on a common belief, they have established a credit system. The third is the system design based on the government. We all rely on the credibility of the government as the backing. Based on these three systems, it is always difficult to form a closed loop for certain industries or certain links in the industry. The so-called "pain points" solved by Internet people are all based on staged and specific scenario transformation and subversion.

With the emergence of blockchain, the worldThere is a new cornerstone of the credit system - algorithm, which has a characteristic, which is consistency. No matter the time or place, as long as the input is determined and the algorithm is used, the output will be determined. The new credit system established by blockchain based on this characteristic has created new opportunities for change in many industries such as finance, energy, government, medical care, copyright, Internet of Things, agriculture, charity, etc. As regulatory norms, industry norms, and technological maturity continue to improve, the blockchain industry bubble will gradually disappear and accelerate into a new stage of close integration with the real economy. If the blockchain 1.0 and 2.0 eras are called "blockchain+", then the 3.0 era should be called "blockchainⅹ", which will promote the transformation of the entire social pattern more efficiently.

3. The automobile maintenance industry will be subverted by "blockchain", what else can't be done?

Take the automobile maintenance industry as an example. "Trust" has become a pain point that is difficult to break through in the industry. Information in the industry chain is opaque; manufacturers and distributors cannot grasp accurate data on market consumption and inventory; repairers cannot find suitable accessories in massive inventories, making ordering difficult and delivery slow; consumers cannot find high-quality repair stores. It takes time and effort. China's automotive aftermarket is worth trillions. Internet giants such as Alibaba and JD.com have invested heavily in the market, but have had no trouble and mediocre results. Internet people have never been able to solve the "crisis of trust" in the automotive aftermarket. Breakthrough.

CarFix, as the issuer of the Vehicle Lifecycle Blockchain Token (VLB), hopes to guide many automobile manufacturers, dealers, repair shops, insurance companies, parts dealers, etc. Players in the cyclical industry enter a new "era" and hope to, in the company's words, "change the face of one of the world's most outdated industries." Developing and building a blockchain platform to bring transparency and record immutability to the automotive lifecycle industry - data from the first time a car is assembled on the factory floor, all the way to the time it is recycled in the junkyard The entire process is transparent and cannot be changed. Using this blockchain to perform routine maintenance work builds consumer trust in maintenance personnel.

CarFix claims that it has created an ecosystem of trading software platforms, repair shops, spare parts suppliers and dealers. In this system, any repair work can be immediately priced through an algorithm, the algorithm and the price are transparent, and the maintenance service can be booked as easily as booking a hotel room. Its ecosystem currently includes more than 500 repair shops, the 10 largest spare parts distributors, main dealers and more than 250,000 users, 50,000 of whom are regular paying customers. This ecosystem is clearly still thriving and will further enhance blockchain’s core capabilities of decentralization and immutability of records. Essentially, blockchain tokens are theEndorsements from industries deemed “untrustworthy” help them regain the trust of consumers.

With the smooth development of public chains such as EOS and AE, we can foresee that there will be more DAPPs based on application scenarios that solve real-life problems, and blockchain will soon penetrate into our lives. Every corner is integrated with our lives. Fortunately, as of the end of March this year, the number of blockchain companies in my country with blockchain as its main business reached 456, and the industry has initially formed a scale. As the innovation and development of blockchain technology gradually matures, blockchain applications have extended from the financial field to the physical field, including electronic information storage, copyright management and transactions, product traceability, digital asset transactions, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, supply In areas such as chain management, a number of “industrial blockchain” projects have been formed.

~ At 13:14 every afternoon, you are welcome to come to Qiao’s courtyard to enjoy tea~

Ⅶ Why the country bans blockchain

Some corrections are needed What the country prohibits is the transaction of digital virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, which is unregulated and carries high financial risks. Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The country is supporting the development of blockchain technology, and local governments have introduced relevant support policies.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of applications. Data blocks generated by cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Bitcoin is an online virtual currency. The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. It is a P2P digital currency.

VIII Complete decentralization is not advisable, weak centralization is the future

Decentralization is one of the cores of the blockchain. Although everyone is familiar with this concept, but everyone Most of what we know about decentralization is what idealists or capitalists want everyone to know. Many of these concepts are contradictory to each other and difficult to establish at the same time.

Decentralization

Decentralization does not mean that there is no center, but that the center is weakened or dispersed into multiple centers. Why do you say that? Because no matter what it is, it may have problems, may be eliminated, and needs maintenance and upgrades. So do we expect machines to perform these operations? This is unrealistic. Machines are machines after all, and humans still need to perform these operations, so complete centralization is almost impossible.

Complete centralization is a doubleBlade

Although everyone thinks that the emergence of blockchain can greatly solve our world that is extremely lacking in trust, trust has indeed maintained our world. For example, everyone trusts the bank, so they deposit their money in the bank, because they feel that the bank will not be as rich as themselves, not to mention that there are legal constraints. Yes, the trust + centralized collective system allows us to live a more stable life. Then it is difficult for blockchain to be completely centralized when it appears in our world centered on national governments. For example, the financial crisis in 2008 was a huge crisis that no government around the world expected to happen. At this time, the government must step in to solve the problem. Without government intervention, the financial crisis would have caused greater trauma and lasted longer. It is conceivable that centralization is not necessarily a bad thing. .

Not only is complete decentralization impossible to achieve in theory, there are also problems in practice. Although the current power of Bitcoin is dispersed, it is actually very unevenly dispersed. Miners have become the concentration point of power, and they are all concentrated in big miners. They control a large proportion of hash power. When big miners collude When we are together, when we have more than 50% of the computing power, we can make everyone no longer trust virtual currency and blockchain without waiting for the arrival of quantum computers. Therefore, the virtual currencies released later try to spread the rights as much as possible, making it difficult to concentrate the rights in one person or organization.

Weak centralization is more suitable for the future

Don’t follow the trend and shout the slogan of decentralization. Maybe Xinbo is more suitable for the name of weakening centralization. The use of blockchain technology must be Different protocols and strategies are formulated according to different application fields and combined with their respective characteristics. For example, for some financial applications, multiple institutions or companies with powerful powers are needed to control and supervise, so that more people can users can trust. The main core issues of blockchain: 1. Solve the trust problem; 2. Efficiency problem. Under the weak centralization method, efficiency issues can be further improved soon. In this case, EOS uses 21 super nodes to improve processing efficiency, which is different from the previous fully decentralized consensus mechanism. different. It is believed that in the future, with the implementation of various projects in the blockchain industry and the emergence of more application scenarios, weak centralization will slowly become the mainstream.

Ⅸ The development of blockchain has been frustrated during the epidemic, and flashy blockchain pilots are falling out of favor

Under the new crown epidemic, blockchain suppliers and advocates are afraid of enterprises in the region Blockchain implementation setbacks.

The adoption of blockchain is a relatively new area for business leaders. As the economy shrinks and IT budgets shrink, blockchain may be the first project to be axed.

While no sweeping changes have hit blockchain adoption, the landscape of the technology has certainly shifted.

Similar to the trends in data and software, the focus of blockchain implementation in the COVID-19 era has also shifted to areas where technology can provide the greatest value in the shortest time.

Eschewing flashy pilots without clear intent, leaders are targeting areas of higher value, with COVID-19 pressures further deepening the weaknesses of existing blockchain applications.

In the aftermath of the crisis, funding for blockchain pilots has slowed as bosses suspended forward-looking projects and spent funds on more urgent firefighting activities.

According to forecasts released by IDC in June, as global IT budgets shrink, global blockchain spending is expected to reach US$4.3 billion in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 57.7% from US$2.7 billion in 2019. . Despite this growth forecast, it is down 7.7% from IDC's last forecast.

Global blockchain budgets are currently forecast to reach $14.4 billion by 2023, a further reduction from the pre-COVID-19 estimate of nearly $16 billion.

The current actual impact on blockchain adoption has been low. One trend has been a decline in interest among large companies in pilots and proof-of-concepts without clear commercial returns.

When assessing the shift in blockchain adoption post-COVID-19, a crucial context is the instability of the economic environment.

When the first wave of lockdowns hit North America and Europe, almost all blockchain work was initially halted except for networks already in production.

Some large vendors and software integration companies have shifted their focus to enabling remote work, with people almost all working from home.

When considering blockchain implementation, enterprise technology leaders must always be wary of the hype from vendors and technology proponents and think carefully.

According to Gartner data, as of 2019, only 4% of organizations have blockchain projects and are running them on a large scale.

In the current environment, where IT leaders are under pressure to shrink budgets, any blockchain project that does not have a very clear reason for existing risks being shut down.

When companies evaluate the merits of blockchain pilots, clear benefit criteria include:

But for blockchain implementation, as an integral part of the platform, it can improve Supply chain and cost reduction.

Delivering these benefits has proven elusive for most businesses. According to Gartner, even those networks that exist today will need to be replaced as technology evolves to remain competitive, secure and avoid obsolescence.

As enterprises adapt to new operating environments, blockchain provides enterprises with a way to reduce the cost of reliable access to data among partners and reserve non-value-added costs.

To effectively pursue blockchain as part of their digital transformation journey, CIOs need to determine which aspects of their business and operating models can be automated to better serve customers.

Organizations should evaluate which combination of solutions can help achieve this outcome. In this case, blockchain can be connected with artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things. Instead of looking at blockchain as one thing that provides multiple capabilities, try to see the different capabilities of blockchain and try to integrate them into your business needs.