高级黑客解码区块链是什么,黑客攻击区块链的高发区

『一』What do hackers need to learn

There are many things that hackers need to learn, including programming languages, operating system principles, and computer hardware. Principles, compilation principles, network protocols, CPU instruction sets, and the next level up, application writing, server configuration, operation of various software, etc. There are many branches of hackers. Some are good at coding and writing programs, some are good at finding program vulnerabilities, some are good at reverse cracking, and some like to write Trojan viruses. For novices, they need to choose a branch to delve deeper into and become completely proficient in it in the end. In any field, one trick can be used everywhere. Learn one skill first and then expand horizontally to other fields





For programming languages, it is recommended to start with Learn scripting languages, such as JavaScript on the browser side, and PHP, ASP, JSP on the server side. I often have novice friends asking me which one should I learn better in so many fields of hacking. Judging from the current market prospects, it is better to learn network security. To be competitive, first of all, with the rapid development of Internet + and mobile Internet, network security has become something that must be paid attention to. Moreover, in terms of learning difficulty and employment salary, network security is better than the development field, and network security is judged to be a deficit. It can be subdivided into web security, mobile security, IoT security, wireless security, blockchain and even car security, so you only need to choose one of the subdivisions and become proficient in it before expanding to other areas, like I am a student of web security myself

How should friends who want to learn web security learn? First of all, you need to understand how the web works. You need to know how the browser sends your request to the server. The protocols between browsers operate. This requires you to understand HTML (Hypertext Editing Language) and CSS. , JavaScript, and the server-side PHP language. If you don’t understand these basic things, you will use some ready-made vulnerability tools to dig out and penetrate. Some copy-paste operations will not do you any good. If the vulnerability is repaired You can't do anything. A real hacker can discover vulnerabilities and fix them alone

The road to becoming a hacker is long. Only those who can endure loneliness can reach the riverside of their dreams. , if you encounter difficulties on the way to becoming a hacker and want to give up, you can encourage yourself in some other ways. Learning is an anti-human thing. If you encounter difficulties that cannot be solved for the time being, you might as well let it go. , you may naturally understand it as you accumulate knowledge over time. When you want to relax, you might as well find some hacker-themed movies to watch. Here I recommend a German movie, Who Am I? There is no absolute security. System, he will tell you that the biggest vulnerability in the world is people

『二』What is blockchain technology What exactly is blockchain?

narrow senseGenerally speaking, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is a cryptographically guaranteed distributed ledger that cannot be tampered with or forged.

Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses block chain data structures to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure data transmission and access. It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method that uses smart contracts composed of automated script codes to program and operate data securely.

[Infrastructure]

Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer composition. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.

Extended information:

[Blockchain core technology]

Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it addresses this issue Four technological innovations:

1. Distributed ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they all Can participate in supervising the legality of transactions and can also jointly testify for them.

The uniqueness of blockchain's distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally stores The data is divided into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node.

No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.

2. Asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. Transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. , thus ensuring data security andPersonal privacy.

3. The consensus mechanism is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.

The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be the computing power and the number of shares. Or other characteristic quantities that the computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result.

4. Smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.

In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.

Blockchain-Network

『三』Why no one hacks Bitcoin

1. Bitcoin is based on blockchain technology A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million, no one is more, no one is less, and in Bitcoin transactions, the transaction content will be broadcast to the entire network users, obtaining more than 50% Approval of this transaction will be recognized, so even if a hacker modifies his account balance and it is not recognized by more than 50% of the world's users, there will still be as many coins as there should be.
2. Member nodes in the blockchain network do not rely on third parties (such as financial institutions) to arbitrate transactions. They use consistency protocols to negotiate the contents of the ledger, and use cryptographic hashing algorithms and digital signatures to ensure the authenticity of transactions. Integrity. Consistency: This ensures that the shared ledger is an exact copy and reduces the risk of transaction fraud, since tampering needs to be performed in many places at the same time.
3. Password hashing algorithm: (such as the SHA256 calculation algorithm) can ensure that any change to the transaction input—even the smallest change—will calculate a different hash value, indicating that the transaction input may be corrupted.
4. Digital signature: Ensure that the transaction originates from the sender (signed with the private key) and not from an impostor. A decentralized peer-to-peer blockchain network prevents any single or group of participants from taking control of the underlying infrastructure or disrupting the entire system. Participants in the network are equal and abide by the sameagreement. They can be individuals, state representatives, businesses or a combination of all three actors. At its core, the system records the chronology of transactions, and all nodes agree on the validity of transactions using a chosen consensus model. This makes the transaction irreversible and accepted by all members of the network.
Extended information:
1. The concept of Bitcoin was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009.
2. Design and release the open source software based on Satoshi Nakamoto’s ideas and build the P2P network on top of it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Bitcoin’s transaction records are open and transparent. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.
3. Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution. It is generated through a large amount of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm and record All transactions use cryptographic design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The total number of Bitcoins is very limited and is scarce. The currency system had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins.
4. In June 2021, El Salvador passed the "El Salvador Bitcoin Law", which made Bitcoin a legal tender in the country. On September 7, Bitcoin officially became El Salvador’s legal tender, becoming the first country in the world to grant legal status to digital currencies.
5. On September 24, 2021, the People's Bank of China issued a notice to further prevent and deal with the risks of speculation in virtual currency transactions. The notice states that virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as legal tender.
6. On November 10, 2021, the price of Bitcoin hit a record high again, approaching US$69,000 per coin for the first time.

『四』Is blockchain useful? What impact and prospects does blockchain have?

I believe everyone is already familiar with the emerging technology of blockchain. It is no longer unfamiliar, because this is the most popular topic at the moment. Many big guys in different industries are analyzing its role and prospects. Today we also do something about the blockchain and its usefulness. And the analysis of the impact and prospects of blockchain, I hope it can help everyone.
Is blockchain useful?
1. Banking: As a digital, secure and interference-proof account, blockchain realizes the core function of the banking industry: a safe storage and transfer center of value. In other words, in the next few years, a wave of companies based on blockchain technology may affect the banking industry.
2. Payment and transfer: Blockchain technology canAvoid complicated systems and create a more direct payment process between the payer and the payee. Whether it is a domestic transfer or a cross-border transfer, this method is low-cost and fast, and does not require intermediate handling fees.
3. Network security: Although the blockchain system is public, its verification, sending and other data exchange processes use advanced encryption technology. This technology not only ensures the correct source of data, but also ensures that the data is not intercepted during the process. If blockchain technology is more widely used, the probability of being attacked by hackers may also decrease, so people believe that blockchain systems are more stable than traditional systems. One of the reasons why blockchain systems can reduce traditional network security risks is that they eliminate the need for middlemen.
4. Election: Everyone's vote "can never be modified or deleted by us - programmers, school administrators or students."
5. Smart contract: Smart contracts are actually on another object. A computer program that performs functions on the go. Like ordinary computer programs, smart contracts are also an "if-then" function, but blockchain technology enables the automatic filling of these "contracts" without manual intervention. Such contracts may eventually replace the legal merger industry's core business of drafting and managing contracts in both commercial and civil areas.
6. Stock trading: For many years, companies have been trying to simplify the process of buying, selling and trading stocks. Emerging blockchain technology startups believe they can go beyond the past, automating the entire process, improving security and efficiency.
What impact and prospects does blockchain have?
1. The dual impact of bringing wealth and risk:
The difference between blockchain technology and traditional Internet technology is that it chooses the high-risk financial industry as the entry point, but the financial field is full of Areas with many obstacles. Such direct entry has a dual impact: on the one hand, it can bring wealth effects to entrepreneurs relatively quickly; on the other hand, various risks will also come directly and violently.
2. Improve efficiency and reduce costs:
For physical finance, blockchain can maintain fidelity in the process of transmitting information, such as personal credit information and other data, thereby avoiding many transaction costs and enabling large-scale Improve efficiency, this is the positive meaning it brings.
3. Control financial risks early and small:
Blockchain is cooperating with the innovation of digital currency, preventing over-insurance in the insurance industry, over-lending in bank mutual funds loans, and the integration of supply chain finance. , promote electronic identity recognition, etc., applicable to many industries and fields. In terms of financial security, many companies have also cooperated with regulatory authorities to build regulatory technology systems to help regulatory authorities monitor and provide early warning for the risks of Internet financial companies, so as to control financial risks early and at an early stage.
4. The owner of the data should be the user himself:
Blockchain is a technology worthy of attention, and it has relevant layouts in its own business and investment. Bitcoin and various other electronic currencies are applications based on blockchain technology. They haveA certain monetary function has a certain use value, but the main problem now is that the gap between the use value and the transaction price is too big. ICO is a financing business model.
5. The darkest stage contains the most opportunities:
The darkest stage often contains the most opportunities. The application of blockchain is far more than just monetary and financial. For example, big data can be applied to the entire medical industry in the future. health field. If medical records and diagnosis data are shared to all different medical systems through the big data blockchain, the efficiency of treating diseases and saving lives can be greatly improved.
The editor believes that the correct development prospect of blockchain is to "talk less about financial innovation, focus more on financial security, focus more on inclusive finance, and do more on medical care, health, and environmental protection."
The above is the blockchain brought to you by the editor. Is it useful? What impact and prospects does blockchain have? of the entire content.

『五』What is blockchain

When everyone talks about blockchain and digital currency, they all turn pale and avoid them in fear

What is blockchain?

What is digital currency?

Let the public be more intuitive and clearly understand that this is blockchain.

What is blockchain? Many people are still not very clear about blockchain. Let’s give you a simple explanation. Let’s take a look.

1. Blockchain concept

Professional terminology: Blockchain is a distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission,

consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other new application models of computer technology.

Popular handout: Quoting the explanation in the video, the blockchain replaces all these opaque cups with transparent cups, so that you can always know where your money is, and it will always belong to you. Will be stolen by others.

2. Blockchain

Basic characteristics

1. Decentralization

In traditional centralized network systems In a decentralized blockchain network, hackers can destroy the network by attacking a central node. However, in a decentralized blockchain network, there is no central node to attack

Moreover, the decentralized transaction method is convenient and convenient. There is no third party intervention, and point-to-point direct interaction makes large-scale information interaction a reality

It not only ensures that the information is not leaked, but also ensures that the key is in your hand, and transactions can be fast and convenient.

2. Openness

The system is open. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the blockchain data is open to everyone., anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the entire system information is like a transparent cup, and everyone can see the contents inside.

3. Information cannot be tampered

When a block is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently and cannot be changed unless the system is controlled at the same time. More than 51% of the nodes, otherwise the modification of the database on a single node will be invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high.

4. Anonymity

Since the data exchange between nodes in the blockchain follows a fixed and predictable algorithm, the blockchain network does not require trust and can be based on addresses. Non-personally identifiable data is exchanged. The anonymity of the blockchain is a double-edged sword. It not only protects the confidentiality of information and the security of transactions, but it also causes rampant illegal transactions. It has caused difficulties for law enforcement agencies and created a sense of distrust among users.

The above is a partial introduction to the basics of blockchain. I believe that as the public learns more about blockchain, this technology will be recognized and used by more people.

『Lu』 How is the life of the man who asked others to buy Bitcoin on Zhihu 7 years ago?

"Force Field" - the first community for public chain mining < br />
On December 21, 2011, a girl asked on Zhihu, "As a junior in college, I have 6,000 yuan on hand. What are some good financial investment suggestions?" On the same day, Chang Chai, the founder of Babbitt, replied: "Buy Bitcoin, save the wallet file, and then forget that you ever had 6,000 yuan. Look again in five years."

From 2011 to 2018, Bitcoin went from $3 to $3. It jumped to the highest point of US$19,000. If that junior student had bought all 6,000 yuan in Bitcoin, he would already have a net worth of tens of millions. The Zhihu girl who missed out on Bitcoin said she regretted not listening to Chang Chai’s advice to buy Bitcoin. In an exclusive interview with Shenlian Finance, Changchai also expressed regret for answering such a question.

"If I give her another suggestion, I will definitely not suggest any Bitcoin investment." Changchai told Shenlian Finance. "Putting your happiness on the advice of an irrelevant person is not laziness, but stupidity."

1. The civil servant who asked people to buy Bitcoin

In 2010, Liu Zhipeng, who graduated with a master's degree, entered the Land and Resources Planning Institute of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and became a civil servant. Here, he participated in the publication of several academic papers on the mineral resources of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone.

In addition to writing these academic papers, Liu Zhipeng also hangs out on Zhihu and Weiboand other social platforms. On Zhihu, a netizen asked: A junior student has 6,000 yuan on hand. What good financial investment advice do you have? "Buy Bitcoin, save the wallet file, and then forget that you have 6,000 yuan, and look at it again in five years." Liu Zhipeng gave this advice. However, he did not use his real name, but "blockchain", a name that was confusing at the time. Later, the word was translated as "blockchain" in China.

Liu Zhipeng has many pseudonyms. When he wrote science fiction novels, his name was "Chang Chai", which comes from "Lu Lixi with a long chai, Cui Wei with a crown cutting into the clouds" in "Li Sao". Before becoming a civil servant, Liu Zhipeng was already well-known in the science fiction field and had won several awards. But becoming a civil servant seemed to indicate that writing science fiction novels at that time was not a good way out. Later, the name "Changchai" followed Liu Zhipeng and moved from the science fiction circle to the currency circle, and his reputation became more and more famous, which was due to the increase in the price of Bitcoin.

Just like his answer on Zhihu, it has become one of the most talked about topics in the currency circle since 2013, with nearly 30,000 likes and more than 6,600 comments, until now There are still many people who left comments under this answer to watch the excitement, lamenting that the opportunity for wealth is fleeting, and praising Chang Chai for being such a great god.

In fact, Chang Chai has recommended Bitcoin to strangers on Zhihu more than once. Among his 118 Zhihu answers, there are four answers recommending Bitcoin. We don’t know if anyone followed Chang Chai’s advice on Zhihu to buy Bitcoin, but what we can confirm is that some people made their first pot of gold because of Chang Chai.

In 2011, Zhang Ming had just been admitted to Henan University of Economics and Law. When he was browsing Weibo, he accidentally discovered an account named Blackbeard Bitcoin. Because he usually likes the anime One Piece, and Blackbeard also It was one of the characters, so Zhang Ming took another look at this Weibo.

In this Weibo, Zhang Ming learned about the existence of Bitcoin for the first time and was immediately attracted to it. After a period of research, during the Spring Festival of 2012, Zhang Ming spent 3,000 yuan of his lucky money to buy Bitcoins from Bitcoin China. “The price of Bitcoins was very low at that time, $5 each,” Zhang Ming told Shenlian Finance. The return on investment was huge. In Zhang Ming’s own words, he just wanted to see if he could make money to buy a mobile phone. As a result, he earned back all four years of college tuition.

Since then, Zhang Ming has been investing in cryptocurrency. While other classmates still rely on the living expenses provided by their parents, Zhang Ming has made millions of yuan in the currency market. It was not until later that Zhang Ming learned that Blackbeard Bitcoin was Chang Chai’s Weibo account used to promote Bitcoin, and it was also his nickname on the Babbitt Forum.

When asked why he recommended Bitcoin on Zhihu, Chang Chai said: "Based on the special simplicitySu’s motivation is to let more people know about Bitcoin. "When writing that answer, Chang Chai was sure that Bitcoin would definitely rise a lot in the future. The charm of history is: when you look back at the past from the ending, you will see a destined path, and at which node everyone's destiny will meet. What changes will happen after that is clear at a glance.

However, at that time, no one could know what the fate would be. After recommending strangers to buy Bitcoin, Liu Zhipeng was still in Guangxi day after day. The Department of Land and Resources did its own job, and in 2013, together with 55 other colleagues, we obtained the professional technical qualification of engineers.

2. Wu Jihan gave me my first donation

Chang Chai’s ambition is not in the geological industry. He also has many hobbies, such as writing novels and researching cryptocurrency. But in his own opinion, the number of readers of his novels may not be as many as the likes of that Zhihu answer At the age of 16, Chang Chai published his first novel in "Science Fiction King". In 2004, he published his first novel in "Science Fiction World" under the pen name "Chang Chai". In 2006, 2007 and 2008, he won the "Science Fiction World" for three consecutive years. China's highest science fiction award "Galaxy Award", Hugo Award winners Liu Cixin and Hao Yufang are also regular guests of the Galaxy Award.

To this day, many book fans still mention Chang Chai and him on social platforms If he continues to write, we don’t know whether Chang Chai can become the next Liu Cixin, but in Chang Chai’s view, Bitcoin has opened another door to “science fiction” for him.

In 2010, Chang Chai was obsessed with science fiction novels and paid attention to Bitcoin because of his creative needs. As early as 2008, Chang Chai wrote a science fiction novel called "The Skill of Slaying Dragons". The protagonist is also a hacker, Anonymous, who controls the Internet. Cloud computing resources to help him complete grand computing projects. The concept of "computing is power" coincides with the idea of ​​Bitcoin.

Therefore, when reading the Bitcoin white paper, Chang I had a feeling that "the future is already here". At that time, it was the first wave of Bitcoin crash, and the titles of media reports were very scary, such as "Bitcoin's past and present life", "Bitcoin is dead" and so on. It seems that everyone is delivering eulogies for the final conclusion of Bitcoin. But in Changchai’s view, these reports are very ridiculous. “What others see as a black swan is a gray rhinoceros in my eyes, an opportunity with a high probability of success. "

In 2010, Chang Chai bought his first Bitcoin through Taobao. Looking back on his experience of buying coins at that time, Chang Chai still finds it very funny, "Because there was no fast way to buy Bitcoin in China at that time. Channel, my first reaction is what to do if I can’t buy it, or what to do if foreigners don’t sell it. So I told the shop owner that he must leave the goods for me. "While working at the Guangxi Land and Resources Department, Chang Chai had been paying attention to the dynamics of Bitcoin. At that time, the foreign Bitcoin forum bitcointalk was very well-known in the circle, andThere is no similar website in China.

In 2011, Chang Chai, who had experience in running community websites in college, founded Babbitt, which was China’s first blockchain forum and also Chang Chai’s subsequent entrepreneurial direction. At that time, information about blockchain on the Internet was very scarce. Chang Chai worked tirelessly to translate information and posts from English websites and sent them to Babbitt. His Bitcoin address was also left on the website. One day, a person left a message under the article and said, "Blogger, I think your website is very good. Why don't you apply for an independent domain name and space? I donated 0.168 BTC from your address." People who knew Bitcoin at that time were like As rare as giant pandas are, it is even more difficult to meet people who can exchange Bitcoins in life. Chang Chai is very pleased by the messages and donations from strangers.

After adding the other party’s QQ, Chang Chai learned that the person’s name was Wu Jihan, who was later the founder of Bitmain, an internationally renowned mining machine manufacturer. At that time, Wu Jihan was the bitcointalk Chinese Moderator of the forum. From 2011 to 2014, Changchai maintained a life of working, running Babbitt, and conducting Bitcoin evangelism on Weibo, Zhihu and other platforms. Getting further and further away from science fiction and getting closer and closer to Bitcoin.

“I followed Changchai because I liked science fiction and became a friend of Renren. Around 2011, he talked about the future of Bitcoin on Renren all day long. I thought to myself, how could this person? It’s like following a pyramid scheme.” A friend of Changchai’s Renren told Shenlian Finance.

3. I regret advising others to buy Bitcoin at that time

"I am going to promote Bitcoin with my real identity. This Weibo will no longer be updated. I will inform you of the new address later. ." At the end of April 2013, Chang Chai was transferred from the Weibo account "Blackbeard Bitcoin" to the Weibo account "Chang Chai". The Weibo avatar is an armored warrior riding a horse. The warrior's right hand holds a long Spear, holding a shield in his left hand, with a "B" for Bitcoin written on the shield.

Since then, the pseudonym "Changchai" has been transferred from the science fiction circle to the currency circle. In the same year, Chang Chai gave three other strangers advice on buying Bitcoin on Zhihu, but it did not attract much attention. This year, Bitcoin repeatedly broke new highs and reached a record high price of $1,242 at the end of the year. At this time, the price of gold was $1,241.98 per ounce, and Bitcoin surpassed gold for the first time.

The Zhihu reply in 2011 was also picked up by netizens and circulated wildly on the Internet. However, since then, Chang Chai has never recommended others to buy Bitcoin on Zhihu. "Actually, I regret answering such a question before." In Changchai's view, the myth of getting rich through investment has made many people pay attention to the speculative effect of Bitcoin, rather than the blockchain and decentralization concepts behind it. This is inconsistent with His original intentions were very different.

Therefore, Chang Chai never answered similar questions on Zhihu again. Zhihu invited him to participate in several round tables, but he was decisively rejected.

"If I give her another suggestion, I will definitely not suggest Bitcoin investment. Her original choice was the most correct, and poetry and distance are more important. And I don’t think she bought it at the beginning You won’t regret Bitcoin, maybe you will regret it even more, maybe you sold it when it doubled in price, or you lost money when it dropped?”

In Changchai It seems that no one makes a lot of money based on hearsay. The most important thing is to invest in your own brain, otherwise the information will not be visible even if it is put in black and white in front of you.

"Putting your happiness on the advice of an irrelevant person is not laziness, but stupidity."

『淒』 explains the blockchain in vernacular< /p>

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Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but they have not Do not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, you can recommend development. If the operation is not good, it is like the major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will know everythingPeople shouted that I was going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent, such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). When this issue was raised, it wasn’tBecause of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize decentralized credit-based transactions in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other by using data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. Point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration provide solutions to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and also did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization". Almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts will not be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said I understand, let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead accounts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of blockchain is "decentralization"

"The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because of the accounting There are many nodes, and it is neither easy to make mistakes nor others to default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have financial transactions with him in the future? ?”

At this point, Gazi was obviously a little excited. It seemed that he was really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I felt a little sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts, but through the Internet It was completed by networking with the computer."

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then everyone in the village knows what others bought from me, so who would buy anything from me? It's really a bit weird. There is no privacy. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep delaying it?”

“Okay, Gazi, you are on to the point of asking this question.” It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and is still very smart in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a string of numbers and English, and each account has a timestamp to record the time it occurred. , can't be relied on."

Gazi had another question: "Could it be that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then it will be unclear what to say? ?"

"Gazi, youJust this little thought, haha. "I understood Gazi's concerns and continued to explain: "The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Everyone has a degree of closeness and distance between them, and it is impossible for everyone to favor the same person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers on the entire network would need to recalculate. This project would be so huge that it would be almost impossible to complete??"

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood What is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamps, and the characteristics of being difficult to tamper with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, seeming to be digesting the example I just gave him. I don’t know how much he can understand the example. Not long after, he sent me a voice message on WeChat: “What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid, I had to go through Jack Ma’s house. If there is a blockchain, can we directly trade with the seller? Anyway, the accounting is very safe. "

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear at first glance. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood according to your understanding. "I'm very happy that Gazi can roughly appreciate the true charm of the blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then Bitcoin What is this thing again? What does it have to do with blockchain? "Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decided to continue to explain to Gazi with the story of the canteen: "Your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long, right? Do you have to carry some during the holidays? This is the reward mechanism of the blockchain, and everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards. "

"Then what are the rewards based on? There has to be a rule, right? "Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to borrow a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first, and then others knew about it. Keep accounts, then Li Si can get a small red flower as a reward ~ This small red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this small red flower??"< p>“Can Bitcoin be spent as money? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend? "Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have a credit guarantee from the state, so they have value. Bitcoin is the value formed by consensus among Bitcoin network users, and it has tradable properties, so it can be used to carry value. "What is said here is a bit profound. I don't know if I can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If more are printed, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles worth 1 cent were very good. , now you can’t eat with 1 yuan. Of course, there are many factors that affect inflation. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. But different people judge its valueThere are differences, coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, so its price is always fluctuating. ”

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

“So is speculating in Bitcoin just like speculating in stocks? Can you understand it this way? "Gazi seems to know a lot.

"In fact, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences. "I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of companies, and there is government supervision in the stock market. Bitcoin itself has no value. It is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision. Therefore, it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks. "

In the end, Gazi revealed the real purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects? ”

Gazi is a typical example of those who don’t go to the Three Treasures Hall for anything. Although there is a large circle of people who are involved in both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, what he really cares about is “blockchain project investment” Is it reliable? "When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now the so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

As of now, there are only three types of blockchain investments. Situation: Mining, currency speculation, so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (pictures quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining means mining by purchasing mining machines, etc. Equipment, mine virtual currency, and then sell it for cash to get returns. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as Investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously only a very small number of investors who understand technology can play successfully. I My childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t play with it.

As for “coin speculation”, I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both “buy low and sell high” operations , but there is a huge difference. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself, and the price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely Irregularities, theft and hacker attacks often occur, and the risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagrees with "coin speculation"!

"September 4th" It is illegal to issue virtual currencies

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects use various The packaging and inflammatory rhetoric attract investors into the circle, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes are now wearing the cloak of blockchain (pictures are quoted from the Internet)

And some are making distinctionsHow to identify MLM activities under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and carefully conducted the above analysis??

『八』What is the popular explanation of blockchain

Question 1: Block What is a chain? Can you explain the principle of 10-point blockchain in plain language: decentralized distributed accounting system
The core of blockchain technology is that all currently participating nodes jointly maintain transactions and The database enables transactions to be based on cryptographic principles rather than trust, allowing any two parties to reach an agreement to directly conduct payment transactions without the participation of a third party.
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Technically speaking, a block is a data structure that records transactions, reflecting the flow of funds for a transaction. The blocks of transactions that have been reached in the system are connected together to form a main chain, and all nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain. A block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash hash formed by the previous block, and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, specifically including the private keys of both parties to the transaction, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc.; the hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks to realize the past The order of transactions; random numbers are the core of transaction completion. All miner nodes compete to calculate the answer to the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for update, thus completing a transaction.
1.1 What is Blockchain
Blockchain (BlockChain) refers to a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. This technical solution mainly allows any number of nodes participating in the system to associate and generate a series of data blocks (blocks) using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and generates The data fingerprint is used to verify the validity of its information and chain to the next database block.
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In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. Behind all systemsThere is a database, which is a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. At present, it is whoever owns the system who keeps the accounts. Each bank’s account books are kept by each bank, and Alipay’s account books are kept by Alibaba. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are new transaction data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write the recorded content to the ledger, and Send the contents of the ledger during this period to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. Therefore, this data becomes very safe. A tamperer needs to modify more than half of the system node data at the same time to truly tamper with the data. Such tampering would be extremely costly, making it nearly impossible. For example, Bitcoin has been running for more than 7 years. Countless hackers around the world have tried to attack Bitcoin, but so far there have been no transaction errors. It can be considered that the Bitcoin blockchain has been proven to be a safe and reliable system.
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1.2 Why is there blockchain innovation?
Human beings need to communicate during their activities, and communication is based on information. In the past, information circulation was not convenient enough to satisfy market participants. There is a demand for information, so intermediaries and centers are born. This centralized system has problems such as high cost, low efficiency, value dispersion, "information islands" and insecure data storage. However, due to technical and environmental factors, this system continued to operate for many years until the emergence of the Internet. The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which is an open code that implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network, and brings the basic values ​​of freedom and equality required by a global unified market into programmed, protocol-based, and reliably Execution. The Internet eliminates low-value, high-cost intermediate chains and achieves low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner.
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However, the first generation of the Internet did not solve the problem of information credibility. Activities that can be decentralized on the Internet must be activities that do not require credit endorsement, and activities that require credit guarantee must be activities involving centralized third-party intermediaries. Therefore, Internet technology that cannot establish global credit has encountered great obstacles in its progress - people cannot participate in any value exchange activities on the Internet in a decentralized manner. To realize value exchange, people still need third-party intermediaries based on credit (such as banks, clearing agencies, exchanges). The global centralized credit system still has problems such as high operating costs, low efficiency, and vulnerability to attacks and damage. For example, each country's legal currency has different credit values ​​and incompatible clearing systems, which adds a lot of cost to global trade.
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Therefore, what the second generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner? Let...>>

Question 2: What is blockchain? What does it mean in layman’s terms? What is China’s attitude towards blockchain? What can blockchain do? Blockchain, a great technology that accompanied the birth of Bitcoin, is currently being used in the financial field to significantly reduce transaction costs and improve efficiency, which is enough to excite Wall Street. However, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Its potential applications are very broad and will subvert every aspect of our lives in the future.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. One of the most basic characteristics of Bitcoin is decentralization. In recent months, financial giants have gradually begun to pay attention to Bitcoin's technology and used it in non-monetary fields, such as stock trading, election voting, etc. (1) Art Industry
Artists can use blockchain technology to declare ownership and issue numberable, 100% edition works in digital form for any type of artwork. It even includes a marketplace where artists can buy and sell through their website without the need for any intermediary services.
(2), Real estate industry
Use blockchain technology to solve various problems faced by everyone involved in real estate, including the naming process, land registration, agency intermediaries, etc.
(3), Insurance Industry
The financial industry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities industry giants have been involved in the booming blockchain venture capital investment since 2014, with total global investment reaching US$1 billion within two years.
(4) P2P wallet
Personal assets can be traded through this P2P wallet in the future without going through any central institution, such as Bitcoin.
Most blockchains are in their infancy, mainly overseas. There are very few good domestic blockchain projects, so it is not recommended for any non-professionals to invest in blockchain projects. If you are very interested in blockchain technology and have a technical or financial background, it is recommended that you consider starting a business in this area. In terms of the blockchain protocol system, the lowest layer is the underlying technology of the blockchain, including the technical protocols of the blockchain, as well as some platform routing and basic algorithms; in the middle layer, some application interfaces and some credentials must be solved Issuance and verification, including some industry platform services, big data analysis, etc. This is a very rough classification, and there should be more detailed classifications; the top ones are some applications of blockchain, including finance Some applications and some applications in other aspects, the Internet of Things and so on.
Introduction to Bubi Blockchain
Bubi Blockchain has been focusing on the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products since its establishment. It has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial results in many aspects. Radical innovation has resulted in a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provableDistributed consensus technology, fast large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains, etc. On April 25, "Gege Points" introduced the concept of blockchain into the points system, jointly opened it up with multiple parties, issued and redeemed points, and promoted the circulation of points. Each cooperative institution can jointly participate in transaction verification, ledger storage, and real-time settlement; the third-party payment platform of the enterprise points issuer makes the entry and exit of points more flexible. Bubi has developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been applied in equity, supply chain, points, credit and other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
A simple understanding of blockchain is a technology at the bottom of Bitcoin, which is also a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that can realize peer-to-peer value delivery. We should distinguish between Bitcoin, Bitcoin blockchain, blockchain and blockchain. Blockchain technology and other concepts. In countries with relatively developed finance in the past, finance and blockchain technology have a long history, and the legislation of digital currencies and blockchain networks is also very important. With the advent of the financial era, large financial institutions are studying blockchain technology. They have their own teams and conceptual technologies. Slowly, banks in various regions are also participating in digital currency discussions. The application and support of this technology are not only that. The influence of blockchain on enterprises is also huge. For larger domestic enterprises, Bubi Blockchain is also used in various equity, supply chain, points and other fields. Major domestic financial institutions and enterprises have taken a fancy to the new industry. value, they have developed their own blockchain platforms, and blockchain has instantly become a new innovative industry in China. In terms of overseas internationalization, the United States has already obtained 15 blockchain patents at the end of last year compared to China. Blockchain financial applications are entering a new stage in an all-round way. Various applications will become more and more in-depth, and related changes will also become more and more profound. It has attracted more and more attention and will form a huge new trend... >>

Question 3: What is blockchain technology? What exactly is blockchain? What is blockchain? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through the data block, we can query each transaction record. A look at the history of Bitcoin transactions. 2. Example: There are three persons A, B, and C. All funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then: A spends 80,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 80,000 yuan from A's name, and add 80,000 yuan to B's name. If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, C will add 50,000 yuan to A's name and subtract 50,000 yuan to B's name in the account book. A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name. 3. The role of data blockchain and C’s accountingThe logbook has a similar function. It records the user's ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users' Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the network. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the network form Bitcoin’s distributed network database system. 4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. It uses data blocks to replace the current Internet's dependence on central servers, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded. On a cloud system, the self-certification of data during data transmission is theoretically realized. In a far-reaching sense, this transcends the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that relies on a center and reduces the cost of establishing global "credit." This point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of distributed artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.

Question 4: What is blockchain: This explanation of blockchain is more understandable. Blockchain refers to a technology that collectively maintains a reliable database through decentralization and trustlessness. plan.
In layman’s terms, blockchain technology refers to a way for all people to participate in accounting. There is a database behind all systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. Then who will keep this ledger becomes very important. Currently, whoever owns the system keeps the accounts. Tencent keeps the accounts of WeChat, and Alibaba keeps the accounts of Taobao. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. If there are any data changes within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can do accounting. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best accounting during this period, write his recorded content into the ledger, and record this Within a period of time, the contents of the ledger are sent to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete ledger. In this way, we call it blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has become the darling of the financial community in China and has become a hot topic. Domestic Puyin Group has launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency.

Question 5: Explain in an easy-to-understand manner what blockchain is. Blockchain can be understood as a database system in a sense. The development of blockchain can be divided into 1.0 and 2.0
1.0 is represented by Bitcoin, and its main application is virtual currency or digital currency application. The blockchain at this time can only be used for simple digital currency transactions.
2.0 is represented by the now popular ethereum (Ethereum) and the upcoming hyperledger. The blockchain at this stage is notIt can only meet the corresponding digital currency transactions, and can also use smart contracts to customize currency or asset transactions. If we use the database analogy, the emergence of smart contracts can be understood as allowing users to define functions or stored procedures in the database and call and execute them.
Different from traditional databases, the blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, incentive mechanism, p2p (network), hash and other specific elements, making it open, decentralized and non-tamperable. characteristic.

Question 6: What is blockchain? Can anyone explain it in simple terms? Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. It is like a ledger that records all transactions. It is decentralized. What is decentralization? For example, when you buy something on Taobao, you place an order and pay in Alipay. Alipay will not transfer the money to the seller until you receive the goods. Alipay is the third party in that center. Without it, it means decentralization, just like buying things offline. If you pay with one hand and get the goods with the other hand, there is no third party.
The blockchain itself is a series of cryptographically related data blocks generated.
Look carefully to see if it looks like a ledger. The pieces one by one are blocks, and connected together they are the blockchain.
Many companies are developing this technology, including ours, and its prospects are incredible. For details, you can go to our official website and hope to adopt it, thank you

Question 7: What is blockchain technology? What is blockchain? How to explain the concept of blockchain? People in each industry have different understandings, and relevant explanations are gradually emerging due to more and more real-life applications. With the popularization of this blockchain technology, the related results are getting bigger and bigger. If we want to understand this technology, we must have an in-depth understanding of reality.
In the past six months, the concept of blockchain has gradually become popular in China, and a blockchain whirlwind has taken off in the financial circle. Blockchain has attracted the attention and favor of more and more people in the industry due to its unique technical advantages. Blockchain technology, which is decentralized (or multi-centered), highly transparent, cannot be tampered with, and has no single point of failure, is entering the field of vision of financial institutions and enterprises. It has at least been used in digital currency, payment exchange, registration and settlement, Digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of Things and many other fields have moved from theoretical discussions to practical applications.
"Blockchain" was first introduced with "Bitcoin" released in early 2009. Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording, and circulation of Bitcoin. Although Bitcoin has been controversial since its inception and cannot even be regarded as a "currency" by governments and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin has been recognized by governments, including governments and monetary authorities. extensive attention.
Why has blockchain become a rapidly heating up hot technology and topic?
/> Perhaps the most important of these is that Bitcoin, launched on the basis of blockchain technology, has opened up a kind of netizen identity that has little connection with traditional society (offline) and is completely applicable to the online world (online). The exploration and attempt of new technologies and rule systems such as verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization and verification, etc., provide people with optional paths and unlimited imagination to adapt to the development of the Internet society.
Judging from its application in Bitcoin, blockchain is a set of new network blocks (BLOCK, also called communities) formed by combining encryption technology with the Internet. Bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and Bitcoin (value) confirmation formed by mining, Bitcoin transaction records, and extended encryption of Bitcoin cross-block flow (value transfer) (added block and transaction time identification, etc. Internet protocol rules and accounting (Ledger) system including block chain, full encryption, mutual authentication, etc., including factor) registration and verification. Precisely because Bitcoin is not a substitute for offline legal currency, but is issued and managed by non-legal currency authorities, mainly imitating the model of gold, and is completely new and decentralized protected and supported by basic Internet protocols and strict encryption technology. Internet currency (virtual currency) has thus formed a new set of currency rules and systems that are different from and not subject to real social laws, and can be bought, sold or exchanged with legal currency. It has been more than 8 years since Bitcoin was launched. There has been no record of funds or user information being stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of fund settlement also have obvious advantages. This has made people's confidence in the blockchain technology used in Bitcoin continue to increase, and people have become more and more aware that although blockchain is a technology and protocol pioneered and applied by Bitcoin, the blockchain Chain is not the same as Bitcoin, and its application is by no means limited to Bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; it can be a public chain model or a private chain model. Therefore, after Bitcoin, blockchain technology is also constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field.
The reason why blockchain is valued highly by more and more people is because the development and widespread application of the Internet have caused more and more economic exchanges and transaction activities to be conducted online, and the online world (or online world) society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, and online transactions must solve the efficiency and security protection issues of the parties' identity verification, value verification, transaction records, inspection and verification, etc., and require strict intermediaries and agreements (rules or constitutions). In this regard, traditional thinking and customary practices are to follow the development trajectory of the transfer of offline transactions to online and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (network) society. However, in practice, more and more It is difficult to adapt to the needs of online transactions.
For example, party identity verification, the natural choice is to use the information on identity documents protected by the laws of various countries as the basis, and then add account or transaction passwords, as well as biometrics such as facial makeup, iris, fingerprints, etc., to conduct identity verification for online transactions. However, this method first requires Citizens’ identity information in the cross-border interconnected online world is subject to the administrative jurisdiction of real society... >>

Question 8: Explain in an easy-to-understand manner what a blockchain zone is The English name of block chain is Blockchain. Block literally means block, block, and chain means chain, chain. Therefore, together they are translated into blockchain.
1. Use cryptography technology to encrypt and decrypt so that records cannot be tampered with. Common blockchain encryption methods include hash algorithm, RSA algorithm, elliptic curve algorithm, etc.;
2. The huge amount of calculation needs to be supported by a reasonable reward mechanism. Because every transaction must be recorded, Bitcoin’s blockchain has more than 60 gigabytes so far. Every new transaction requires confirmation of the information related to the trading account to ensure that the transaction is valid. The huge amount of calculation requires a computer with powerful computing power to complete.
In order to encourage the participation of powerful computing power, Bitcoin provides two rewards: one is to issue a certain number of Bitcoins to these computers every day; instead, all transfer fees are awarded to these computers. (The technical term for these computers is "mining machines", and the people who hold the mining machines are called "miners".)
Biying China is working hard on the digitization of assets and has launched the digital currency crowdfunding platform Biying China.

Question 9: What is the so-called "blockchain"? Blockchain itself is a tool called decentralization and trustlessness. For example, when you graduate from university, the current practice is to have a certificate recognized and issued by an authoritative agency as your certificate. This setting is more troublesome, because this is a piece of paper, and paper can be forged, so there will be various gaps. The issuing authority is also a person, and there will be various gaps in the middle. As long as it is related to people, whoever There are various possibilities related to media. The blockchain provides a great opportunity. As soon as you graduate, you will have a record on the blockchain. No one can change this record. This thing exists objectively. You, as a physical existence , and then as a data existence, the blockchain was born. In this case, anyone who wants to check where you graduated can easily solve the problem. This is similar to the big data often involved in social networking (WeChat) and payment platforms (Alipay, Yibao).

Question 10: What does blockchain mean? Regarding blockchain, I think you have already seen the concept on the Internet. Let me explain it based on my understanding!
First, let’s talk about its characteristics: 1. Openness and transparency 2. Decentralization3. Anonymity 4. Information cannot be tampered with or eliminated 5. No trust cost
The blockchain is like a public ledger. Everyone has the right to record and read it, and everyone jointly supervises to ensure its accuracy. , and the recorded content will be saved permanently and can only be added but not deleted! However, as the number of blocks continues to increase, costs will increase and efficiency will decrease. (I’m not sure whether technology can be used to make up for this. I hope someone who understands technology can point it out.)
Blockchain is divided into public chain, private chain, and alliance chain. Public chain: accessible to everyone, everyone has read and write permissions, completely open, transparent and decentralized. Private chain: Open to individuals or institutions, in which the owner of the private chain can set various permissions to make it partially centralized. Alliance chain: Open to specific organizations or groups, it is also "partially decentralized". According to the ledger at the beginning, members can view and transact, but cannot record and confirm bills, or require permission from the alliance. (The latter two do not have cost and efficiency issues)
Regarding blockchain, countries have begun to recruit talents in this area. For this, you can search online for "Central Bank Recruiting Digital Currency R&D Personnel". In addition, you can increase your understanding of blockchain by understanding its existing applications. What we usually refer to generally refers to public chains. Currently, those used abroad include Bitcoin, Ethereum and other domestic blockchains. Chain
1. Open and transparent: Every piece of data is verified by everyone and can be viewed by everyone at any time.
2. Decentralization: For example, when we shop on Taobao, we conduct transactions through the intermediary Taobao, and blockchain allows both supply and demand parties to directly contact each other for direct transactions through blockchain technology.
3. Anonymity: No personal privacy information is required to complete transactions on the blockchain, only your unique alphanumeric signature is required.
4. Information cannot be tampered with or deleted: Once the data has been verified and recorded, no one has the authority to modify it, let alone delete it!
5. No trust cost: The trust crisis in reality will not appear in the blockchain. Transactions in the blockchain do not require you to trust the other party. Only when both of you have enough "digital assets" to trade can it be carried out, and Under the supervision of the entire network, transactions will not be broken. If you have no idea about the cost of trust, just think about how many intermediaries there are in your city, or just think about Jack Ma, and you will know how big the cost of trust is.
I am still learning more about blockchain. I am Li Ailin. If you have any questions, you can discuss and learn together!

『玖』 Is blockchain safe?

Hi, everyone, I am your Q&A assistant - Zi Xiaochen. Recently, blockchain resistance has been widely concerned and discussed. But there are many people who don’t know much about its safety. So today we will talk about the security issues of blockchain.
First of all, would you like to hear an easy-to-understand metaphor? I have a friendHe joked: "The blockchain is like a password lock. Without a password, no one can open it." Although this is simple and interesting, it makes sense. Since the blockchain uses distributed ledger technology, data is stored in a huge network, and the transmission between each node uses asymmetric encryption, the blockchain has extremely high security, and third-party attacks are extremely vulnerable. difficult.
Secondly, of course there are some security issues that need attention. For example, hacker attack methods such as "51% attack" can pose a threat to the blockchain. In addition, there are also security risks in virtual currency trading venues, such as Bitcoin exchanges, and you need to pay attention to precautions. Therefore, when choosing a blockchain platform or participating in virtual currency transactions, you need to know more and consider carefully to avoid losses.
In short, blockchain is an open technology, which has huge advantages in ensuring data security and preventing tampering. But we also need to be alert to potential security risks and choose reliable platforms and exchanges to participate in cryptocurrency investments.
I hope my answer can help you better understand the blockchain and its security issues. If you have any questions or want to share your experience, please feel free to message me privately! Finally, don’t forget to like, comment and forward, follow my articles, more content is waiting for you!