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① What is blockchain

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database and the data stored in it Or information, which has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the entire process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained".

On January 10, 2019, the National Internet Information Reform Office issued the "Blockchain Information Service Management Regulations". On December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten buzzwords of 2019 by "Yi Wen Qi Zi".

② Review: Blockchain revise WTO e-commerce ban -

In the past few decades, technology and digital innovation have changed the perspective of our lives, from how we communicate to work , entertainment, learning, ways of doing business, etc.

One notable example is how the Internet has changed the way we communicate and obtain information. The Internet has brought about the possibility of virtually free and instant communication - something that was unimaginable before the Internet 30 years ago.

The emergence of the Internet and the ensuing innovation known as the digital revolution has changed our lives and created a new economic system - the digital economy. Maoqiu Technology believes that the digital economy has created huge opportunities and also brought terrible challenges.

As a result of the 1998 World Trade Organization ("WTO") moratorium, many economies, especially developing countries, lost billions of dollars in tariff revenue from digitally delivered products. The moratorium prohibits the government from imposing tariffs on digital product transmissions, best known as electronic transmissions (“ET”).

For example, e-commerce enables products such as software, music, books, movies, video games and most importantly DATA to be traded digitally rather than via CDs or DVDs as in the past.

As a result, products that once generated billions in customs revenue are now “duty-free.” According to research by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (“UNCTAD”), developing economies lost over $10 billion in potential tariff revenue due to the WTO’s suspension of ET in 2017.

The World Wide Web enabled globalization in an unprecedented way, a technology that empowered centralized database architectures and drove the concentration of economic power into a handful of global technology companies, known as Big Tech. Or tech giants.

There are growing concerns that big tech companies are gaining not only economic power, but also political power. Events such as the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal and Google’s search engine manipulation effects speak for themselves.

July 29, 2020, House of Representatives AntitrustIt’s no coincidence that the subcommittee is grilling the CEOs of tech giants; Facebook, Amazon, Apple and Google examine the impact of their dominance on the U.S. and global agenda.

However, there seems to be controversy over whether the dominance of big tech companies is a threat or a success for the economies in which they operate. Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg noted in his opening statement before the U.S. House of Representatives Antitrust Subcommittee that "the tech industry is America's success story; ... our industry is one of the ways that America shares its values ​​with the world. It is also our most important One of the economic and cultural exports.”

So far, the United States and China are the winners of the digital economy. In 2019, the digital economy accounted for 15% of global gross domestic product (GDP), with the United States and China accounting for nearly 40% of the total. According to the 2019 UNCTAD Digital Economy Report, the United States and China account for 90% of the market value of the world's 70 largest digital platforms and more than 75% of the global public cloud computing market.

Digital platforms and cloud computing (digital data) are the main drivers of the digital economy. In addition, the seven largest digital platforms; Amazon, Apple, Alibaba, Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Tencent; account for two-thirds of the total market value of the global digital economy, and five of the world's seven largest digital platforms are located in the United States.

The dominance of technology giants in the digital economy and global trade is evident across all industries. For example, in the media and advertising industry, various reports estimate that the two “tech giants” Google and Facebook accounted for 41% of the global advertising market share in 2019.

On the other hand, Amazon dominates the e-commerce market, with a global retail e-commerce market share of over 14% as of 2019.

The achievements and milestones of technology giants in promoting the digital revolution are beyond doubt. “I’m proud that we’re giving people; people who have never had a voice before; a chance to be heard and giving small businesses access to tools that only the biggest players have” Mark Zuckerberg on July 29, 2020 said at the antitrust hearing. In fact, in Maoqiu Technology’s view, communication and access to information are some of the major achievements of recent decades, and technology giants are the heroes in this battle for the digital revolution.

However, the fight for the digital revolution, like any other battle, is not without sacrifice and harm.

With the rise of the digital economy, the threat of a WTO suspension of electronic transmissions goes far beyond the loss of tariff revenue. They kill basic economic principles such as voluntary returns and the famous economic theory of comparative advantage by David Ricardo.

Tariffs and other tariffs do more than just generate revenue for the government. They also protect theProtect local baby industries from being hunted down, gobbled up, or what we call competition, by the tech giants. Therefore, the WTO moratorium deprives countries, especially developing economies, of their economic sovereignty, rights and powers to protect their economies.

The impact of Facebook and Google on the local advertising industry in various countries is like a bell ringing from the top of a mountain. In many countries, Facebook and Google have taken over the entertainment and advertising markets. As a result, local media outlets; radio/television stations, newspapers have ceased operations due to financial constraints.

We waited too long to respond and now the damage is too severe to repair. Amending the WTO's moratorium on electronic transmissions and other tax regulations could save developing countries billions in lost tariff revenue, but would do nothing to revive and protect decimated local industries from the looming dominance of tech giants.

E-commerce is credited with transforming the retail industry; businesses can now directly reach customers anywhere on the planet without the need for local representatives, distributors or dealers. E-commerce lowers entry barriers and promotes international trade. As a result, millions of local businesses face additional difficulties due to fierce competition from foreign companies in the local market.

The inability of the Internet to provide security and traceability solutions for digital customs is not unsolvable. We may have heard of blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology. Blockchain is a new technology launched a decade ago, and many analysts predict its impact will exceed that of the Internet.

Blockchain: As a distributed and immutable ledger technology, it provides a solution to two key challenges facing the Internet - trust and transparency.

Blockchain uses smart contracts to facilitate the automation of transactions, such as processing payments, while notifying all relevant parties; this may include tax authorities. Contract terms enforced through smart contracts eliminate the need for human intervention in transaction processes that are prone to fraud or error. Blockchain has the proven ability to accommodate disintermediation, increase transparency, and increase audibility.

Blockchain security is built on three security features, namely the use of ledgers, blockchain and distributed applications.

The ledger is the record of every transaction on the blockchain. Transactions recorded on the blockchain are immutable and cannot be edited or deleted. Blockchain is a distributed application that supports peer-to-peer transactions without any intermediary.

The ledgers recorded on the blockchain network are distributed on all nodes or computers on the blockchain network. Digital Customs built on blockchain shows that tax authorities can become part of the node on all digital platforms operating in their respective economies.

Nodes on the blockchain network authenticate all transactions through the consensus mechanism and verify theIts essential features such as immutability, transparency, auditability, data encryption and operational resiliency detect data tampering.

Since data is replicated and cryptographically integrity checked across many nodes running on disparate computer networks, blockchain provides a reliable defense against cyberattacks.

If any node disagrees with the transaction, it cannot process and protect the network from fraudulent transactions. This level of security enables tax authorities to effectively implement tax policies.

As the name suggests, blockchain is a blockchain. Each block contains the hash value of its previous hash to join the blocks. Therefore, in case of any data correction, the hash will be changed and the entire chain will need to be changed.

The distributed nature of blockchain provides superior protection against potential external attacks and promises enhanced security. Cryptography, as the core feature of blockchain, makes transactions more secure, verifiable and verifiable.

Transaction history is immutable; once recorded on the blockchain, they cannot be deleted or changed. Tax authorities will be present as validators on all digital platforms operating their respective economies and will not let any non-compliant transactions go through.

Blockchain technology provides the security and technology solutions countries need to establish successful digital customs. Blockchain solutions go beyond providing efficient digital customs. Blockchain offers the highest level of transparency, providing countries with a wide range of solutions to effectively implement fraud-free tax policies.

③ What is the Blockchain Industry Yearbook?

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is a comprehensive and informative large-scale tool that comprehensively reflects the development status of the global blockchain industry. books and published continuously year by year. The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is based on continuous observation and research of the global blockchain industry, as well as corporate interviews, media docking, and practitioner surveys, and provides a detailed division of the current mainstream blockchain industry ecosystem. The yearbook content covers 12 major categories of blockchain ecological content, including global blockchain figures, media, applications, institutions, education, industrial parks, capital, exchanges, supercomputing services, tools, underlying public chains, and technical services. The yearbook is of great significance to meet the needs of global governments, enterprises, and practitioners for blockchain industry information and to make up for the lack of global blockchain industry information.

④ Blockchain Industry Yearbook Does the blockchain industry now have a yearbook?

Of course there is! You can take a look at this "Blockchain Yearbook" to get a sneak peek! Very detailed

After a year of anticipation, the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is finally coming to everyone. Bubbles, capital, scenarios, policy supervision... In the past year, the global blockchain industry has been changing, and the industry has been ups and downs. How to accurately grasp the pulse of blockchain? Read the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook", use facts and data to speak, and understand the blockchain year in seconds.

12 major categories, covering the entire ecosystem! It’s a tool and a helpful assistant!

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" series of books has been compiled into two consecutive editions, including "2018 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook" and "2019 Global Blockchain Industry Yearbook". The yearbook stands at the global and industry level and strives to record the changes in the global blockchain industry from an objective and rigorous perspective and in unpretentious language.

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" contains a total of 12 major sections, covering the entire blockchain ecosystem, and is accompanied by government blockchain policies around the world. It mainly reflects the changes in the blockchain industry from chapters such as people, media, applications, education, institutions, industrial parks, capital, exchanges, supercomputing services, tools, underlying public chains, and technical services.

Highlight 1: Comprehensive upgrade, chapter structure and included content adjustment and improvement

The "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" objectively and truthfully reflects the annual development of the global blockchain industry, better In order to serve the government decision-making, the stable and healthy development of the industry, and provide ecological information services to practitioners, the 2019 edition of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" will adjust and upgrade the chapter structure and included content.

The 2019 version of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" has adjusted the chapter setting compared to the 2018 version, and the structure is more balanced. For example, the original "Academic Chapter" is split into "Education Chapter" and "Institutional Chapter", coupled with the "Industrial Park Chapter", the statistical data is displayed more reasonably and clearly from different perspectives and dimensions; local government blocks are added The blockchain policy chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the blockchain policies of various countries.

The 2019 version of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" has increased readability and authority in content, reflecting new changes in the blockchain industry. The adjusted "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" elaborates on the blockchain industry, industry, policy, application and other dimensions, analyzes the development status of the global blockchain industry and preaches blockchain knowledge, and provides insights into the blockchain industry. Development is of strategic importance.

"Characters" The top geek who prides himself on taking things lightly, the enigmatic founder, the talented boy who was born as a Russian hacker...the blockchain has made today's achievements possible. Millions of people are enjoying the many benefits of blockchain thanks to the efforts of hundreds of people who have made outstanding contributions to communities and digital progress.

"Application" The characteristics of blockchain technology enable it to be used in various fields such as finance, insurance, Internet of Things, credit reporting, big data, etc. With the development of blockchain technology, blockchain Technology will be applied in more fields and bring about social and economic changes.

"Institutional Chapter" As local governments have also introduced encouraging policies related to blockchain, blockchain research institutions have emerged in many places. Currently, there are more than 100 well-known research institutions in the world. Blockchain research institutions refer to units with clear research directions and tasks. Their main role is to provide information and technical support to other entities in the industry.

"Education" Today, when the development momentum of blockchain is so strong, the cultivation of blockchain talents has been mentioned.On the schedule. According to statistics from the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook", 27 universities around the world have opened blockchain-related courses, with China and the United States having the most universities, with 8 each. Other educational institutions are blooming...

"Media" In the development process of blockchain, the role of media is indispensable. Blockchain media has effectively assisted the development of blockchain in four aspects: information services, investor education, in-depth research and platform interoperability.

Highlight 2: Created by a professional team

"Blockchain Industry Yearbook", a heavyweight annual authoritative information reference book, was compiled by the China Blockchain Industry Research Institute Contact the United Nations Development Program, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, the Internet Information Office of China, the China Internet Network Information Center, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Association for Science and Technology, the China Internet Finance Association, the United States National Telecommunications and Information Administration, UK Financial Services Regulatory Authority, Japan Financial Services Agency FSA, South Korea Ministry of Information and Communications Technology, British Blockchain Association (BBA), United Nations Blockchain Sustainable Development Committee, Swiss Crypto Valley Association (encryption Under the joint guidance of the French National Information and Communications Commission (CNIL), the French National Information and Communications Commission (CNIL), and the China Mobile Communications Federation, it is jointly published by the China Blockchain Industry Research Institute, China Economic Publishing House, Zilian Academy, and Wutong Think Tank.

In the two-year editing process, the yearbook and the editorial team behind it have also experienced a process of growth. Every year, the content framework, editorial requirements, and time points are improved and upgraded.

The content of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" covers a wide range of topics and is highly professional. During the compilation process, Ni Jianzhong, Executive Chairman of China Mobile Communications Federation; Digital Economist, China Mobile Communications Federation Education With Chen Xiaohua, director of the examination center, secretary-general of the International Blockchain Innovation Application Alliance, and director of the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Online Digital Economy Research Institute; Zhao Lei of the China Academy of Finance and Economics; Wang Xuezong, founder of the Chain Reform Laboratory; Wang Jing, director of the China Economic Press and other leaders and experts Scholars have provided strong support and provided valuable opinions on the content editing and promotion of the "Blockchain Industry Yearbook".

As the annual top red book of the global blockchain industry, "Blockchain Industry Yearbook" is expected to become the most comprehensive reference book in the blockchain industry. You will understand blockchain in seconds after reading it, the editor said , this is simply a sunflower manual in the blockchain industry.

⑤ Microsoft, Hyperledger and the United Nations join the Blockchain Identity Alliance ID 2020

Technology giant Microsoft and the blockchain alliance Hyperledger have joined the blockchain-based Digital Identity Project - ID2020 Alliance.

This news was announced yesterday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, ID2020 Alliance——Aid agency Mercy Corps and the United Nations International Computing Center have also joined the consortium - which aims to improve people's lives by providing digital identities.

According to a press release, the group is developing solutions focused on giving users direct ownership and control of their personal data through the use of blockchain technology. The focus of the problem is that there are more than 1.1 billion people around the world who cannot prove their identity and therefore have difficulty accessing benefits and services. According to the World Bank, this situation also raises more serious issues such as human trafficking.

The project has so far received a $1 million donation from Microsoft, as well as donations from entities such as Accenture and the Rockefeller Foundation. Global consulting giant Accenture, one of the project's founding members, announced a $1 million investment last summer at the ID 2020 Alliance Summit in New York.

David Treat, general manager of Accenture’s global blockchain practice, said:

Decentralized, user-controlled digital identities have the potential to help refugees and other disadvantaged people unlock The potential for economic opportunity while improving the lives of those who just want to browse the web safely and privately.

The press release also explains that the digital identity owned by the user will include a legal form of government-issued identification and allow for seamless authentication of individuals and institutions.

⑥ What is the nature of the China Blockchain Technology and Application White Paper?

This is a research report document and does not have any legal effect, it is just a suggestion.
The founding meeting of the China Blockchain Technology and Industry Development Forum and the first developer conference were held on October 18. The meeting released the "China Blockchain Technology and Application Development White Paper".
The "White Paper" summarizes the current status and trends of blockchain development at home and abroad, analyzes the technology applications in multiple application scenarios including finance, supply chain, culture and entertainment, intelligent manufacturing, social welfare, education and employment, and points out the regional The core technology path of blockchain and the direction and process of future blockchain technology standardization. (Reprinted from China Business Network)
The scope of blockchain application is theoretically very wide, but now blockchain is still in an early stage of development. Ethereum is mainly a smart contract platform; DECENT is a distributed content publishing platform.

⑦ How to obtain the blockchain key file

1. A method for retrieving the blockchain system key, which is characterized by including the following steps: Step 1. Create Original key pair; Step 2, calculate the business key pair based on the original key pair; Step 3, calculate the address and account based on the business key pair; Step 4, when the business key is lost, perform Step 2. 2. According to the claims Method for retrieving the blockchain system key described in 1.The method is characterized in that the original key pair includes an original private key and an original public key. 3. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 1, creating an original key pair includes the following steps: Step 11. Generate an original seed using a random number. ; Step 12: Generate an original key pair from the original seed through an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The original key pair includes an original private key and an original public key. 4. The blockchain system key retrieval method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the business key pair includes a business private key and a business public key. 5. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 4, characterized in that in step 2, specifically, a business seed is generated according to the seed production data, and a business key is generated according to the business seed. Yes, it specifically includes the following steps: Step 21, use the original private key as the encryption key, perform a seed generation operation on the seed production data, and obtain a unique ciphertext as the business seed; Step 22, use the business seed The non-pair encryption algorithm generates a business key pair, which includes a business private key and a business public key. 6. The blockchain system key retrieval method according to claim 5, characterized in that in step 21, the seed production data includes the original public key or any other selected data. 7. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step 21, the seed generation operation includes an hmac encryption algorithm operation, a salted hash encryption algorithm operation, Symmetric encryption algorithm operation or asymmetric encryption algorithm operation. 8. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the asymmetric encryption algorithm includes rsa algorithm, ecc algorithm, ecdsa algorithm, sm2 algorithm and sm9 algorithm. Any of them. 9. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 5, characterized in that if the unique ciphertext is not a hash value, then a hash operation is performed on the ciphertext to obtain The hash value of the ciphertext is used as the service seed; if the ciphertext is a hash value, it can be directly used as the service seed, or the hash operation can be performed again or multiple times, and the obtained hash value is used as the service seed. 10. The method for retrieving the blockchain system key according to claim 7, characterized in that the symmetric encryption algorithm includes des algorithm, 3des algorithm, rc2 algorithm, rc4 algorithm, rc5 algorithm, aes algorithm, Any one of the sm1 algorithm, sm4 algorithm, sm7 algorithm and zuc algorithm.

⑧ What to do if the blockchain file does not match the password?

If the blockchain file does not match the password, you can change the password. Because blockchain files are equipped with corresponding passwords, if the passwords do not match, the password is incorrect and the password can be changed by submitting relevant personal information. So if the blockchain file does not match the password, the password can be changed.