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㈠ Blockchain 100 - Zhou Kaiyu: Can blockchain credit investigation innovation break industry credit barriers

Mr. Zhou Kaiyu, CEO of Zhenxing Technology

At present, credit reporting has become a key part of the credit system and forms an important support in the operation of the modern financial system. There are certain difficulties and pain points in traditional credit reporting, but the decentralized and non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain will change in one fell swoop the issues of insufficient data privacy protection involved in the credit reporting process and consensus trust issues in the data sharing transaction process.

Mr. Zhou Kaiyu elaborated on the advantages of the combination of blockchain and credit reporting, and described the development status of the blockchain credit reporting industry at the legal level. At the same time, he expressed his views on the future development of Zhenxing Technology and the future direction of blockchain innovation.

Zhenxing Technology is positioned as a blockchain value ecological enterprise and is committed to building the next generation of trusted application service basic network based on blockchain. In June 2017, the company established a stable team structure and carried out related technical matters. From July to August, the first version of Zhenxing’s technical white paper was completed. At present, Zhenxing has implemented the first version of the system and has also started to provide related services in terms of blockchain-based identity verification. In the later stage, further development based on the second version of the credit evaluation system will be carried out.

In terms of ecological construction in the future, Mr. Zhou Kaiyu said that the blockchain credit industry has both value and opportunity. He hopes that industry partners with some high-quality resources on the B-side in the early stage can jointly expand services and eventually achieve A large number of users gather on the C-side, creating an ecological environment for high-credit preference transaction customers. In terms of the company's development plan, Zhenxing will break the inherent thinking of traditional blockchain anonymous verification, build a decentralized strong identity verification basic network, and integrate a trusted Internet service ecosystem.

The original intention of choosing a project that combines credit reporting with blockchain

“Choose blockchain to develop because it has a community-based approach that maintains the stability of the entire system. Consensus reward, consensus reward is a process of social value redistribution. In the process of social value redistribution, a value effect is formed in which the wool comes out of the pig and is paid by a third party. While achieving credit value, it can It is a means to encourage everyone to maintain high credit." Mr. Zhou Kaiyu said.

According to Mr. Zhou Kaiyu, in the traditional credit reporting process, data is processed in a traditional centralized way. The data exists on a centralized platform, but it is difficult to verify the security of user data. The issue of personal privacy data has attracted attention from society, government, enterprises and other levels. Blockchain will form a combination with blockchain through the credit alliance.

At the same time, the Block Hall Chain can combine some personal security mechanisms to achieve comprehensive and strict protection of personal privacy data and complete credit reporting services with authorized attributes. In Zhenxing’s credit reporting service, combined withTaking advantage of the blockchain, we use personal data and individuals themselves to provide diversified credit reporting services through data services.

What are the advantages of the combination of blockchain and credit reporting?

When it comes to the combination of blockchain and credit reporting, its main core lies in the data level, since credit reporting uses a large amount of user data. In a decentralized system like blockchain, data needs to be maintained jointly by everyone. It is difficult for anyone to change the data. This can clearly ensure the security of user data. Any access to data requires user authorization. occur.

Regarding the current legal status of blockchain credit reporting, Mr. Zhou Kaiyu introduced, “In terms of credit reporting, the country has many management regulations to regulate the processing of customer data by enterprises. Blockchain + reporting In terms of information, it is a very good technical method." In his view, “Blockchain + credit reporting has become the only basic technology that can fully meet all requirements in terms of privacy protection when most technologies cannot meet the needs of credit reporting.”
< br />What are the options for future blockchain innovation directions?

Mr. Zhou Kaiyu said that the development of blockchain is still in an early stage, and there is huge room for future innovation in blockchain. Currently, we are optimistic about the direction of innovation, such as asset digitization. Asset digitization will be a relatively long process, and various applications will continue to emerge during development. In terms of technological innovation, blockchain still has a lot of room, and more attempts are being made in new directions of upgrading and balancing.

Zhenxing hopes to build a value exchange ecology with high performance value, and hopes that under its nourishment, everyone will be happy to maintain their personal credit, and everyone will be able to participate in the credit transaction process. gain from it. The future development of Wuxiaokai will be based on the core concept of maintaining high credibility and combating dishonest people.

㈡ What the blockchain changes is not productivity, but production relations. The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy!

"Lichang" - the first community for public chain mining

What the blockchain brings is a once-in-500-year opportunity, because it does not change productivity. But the relations of production.

1. Another economic form will be reborn

If a person works for a company 8 hours a day, must he work for a company in the future? Is it possible to be self-centered rather than company-centered?

This is the thinking brought to us by blockchain technology.

Most people think of blockchain as a new technology, some say it is a new generation of the Internet, and some call it the digitization of currency or assets. The author believes that what blockchain faces isTo subvert the entire social relations and social organizational forms is a manifestation of the development of productive forces to a certain stage. The Internet has brought about a great development of productivity. The previous production relations are no longer suitable for the development of productivity levels, and have even hindered the development of productivity.

The exchange of new productive forces and the birth of new production relations are the token economy brought about by blockchain technology. It has a far-reaching impact than the blockchain technology itself.

Previous capitalist reforms were all centered around capital, and tokens will subvert the economy and even capital. The original modern company organization method of capital structure with raised funds as the core will be subverted by the future economic organization method of token structure with contribution incentives as the core.

The capital economy will be subverted by the token economy, and capitalism may be subverted by tokenism.

2. Reshaping human organizational forms and business organizations

The corporate system can be regarded as the greatest invention of capitalist society in the past few hundred years. It can be said that without the company, there would be no history of Britain becoming an empire on which the sun never sets, and there would be no strong rise of the United States. But as the company has developed over the years, problems have also emerged.

Labor creates value, but workers do not enjoy value, that is, those who create value do not enjoy value, and those who enjoy value do not create value. For example, in Taobao, value is created by executives, employees, consumers, distributors, and suppliers, but those who truly enjoy value are those who invest in the capital market.

It’s time for humankind’s organizational and economic forms to be reshaped. In the past, when running a company, as long as it raised funds, it could hire more people, buy more production materials, and expand reproduction. In this era of fragmentation, entrepreneurs no longer need to rely on a lot of capital to start a business. They can also crowdfund to start a business. Even if you don’t invest any money, as long as your people contribute to the company, they can enjoy the value of the company.

The organizational form of resources has changed: funds are no longer the most important, resources are the most important.

This organizational method is fully expressed by the blockchain. Wu Xiaobo mentioned a term called "entrepreneur": entrepreneur and investor. It is unimaginable that investors and entrepreneurs can be separated. All valuable things in a company are reflected on the balance sheet. Equipment, factories, and land are the most valuable assets. Now data and users are the most valuable assets in the future, and they are not reflected in the balance sheet.

3. Everyone is a contributor and at the same time a enjoyer

The situation has always been that employees in the company get salaries, and executives get rewards plus some options. , the channel dealer earns a product price difference, and the partner earns a service fee. Now this logic has changed, and the source of value has been changed toIn the past, the surplus value of labor was expropriated by capital. In the future, everyone should be a contributor and a enjoyer.

A person has a variety of resources: human resources, knowledge resources, and governance resources. Everything is centered on the individual, not around the product or the company.

Blockchain subverts the company's core value - maximizing shareholders' interests, and also subverts the company itself. Blockchain's transformation of traditional companies is reflected in its fragmentation of production processes and data, which is exactly the opposite of many social organizations. In the past, in industrialized societies, business could only be done on a large scale because transaction costs were very high.

Blockchain makes granular transactions possible, miniaturized and trustworthy. In the original exchange of capital flows, there must be a process of fund payment when signing a contract. After digital assetization, it can be automatically processed through smart contracts, and the company system faces various challenges.

In the future token economic structure, things that were originally considered valuable may become worthless, such as investors and managers, company equity, assets, and claims that form the basis of a company’s capital structure. , capital, funds; the corporate governance structure that constitutes the company's organizational structure - shareholders' meeting, board of directors, management and employees; the accounting statements that constitute the basis of the company's financial system - costs, assets, liabilities, profits, income, depreciation, etc.

4. What changes is not productivity, it changes production relations

The token system is a great invention. It is not a technology or a currency for financing, but the integration of all New organizational forms and operating methods for resource and value sharing are the next economic era. The “certificate circle” will become a more sustainable circle with the influx of more traditional companies after the “coin circle”, “chain circle” and “mining circle”.

Tokenized transformation: currency reform → chain reform → certificate reform

1C0 is the blood, the chain is the skeleton, and the token is the soul. It can make a person and a community come alive. Everyone is a creator and value contributor, and everyone is an owner and enjoyer. This is the real meaning. However, the current currency reform and chain reform claim to be decentralized and cannot be tampered with, but they still remain at the technical level.

Technology will develop very fast in the future. This is not a problem that needs to be worried about. The biggest problem is whether the production relations have been adjusted. Just like as long as the company is established, financing and share reform are not problems.

The upper layer of the pass is currency reform, financing, 1C0, and white paper, which has the function of financing and financial attributes; the lower layer is chain reform, blockchain technology, distributed accounting, encryption authorization, and consensus Mechanisms, smart contracts, etc. have technical attributes. They are interrelated and form a business logic, which is the core of the certificate. But now the upper and lower parts are separated. Chain people say chain, and currency people saycurrency.

Certificate reform is the operating mechanism of a community. It is the sum of investment, production, distribution, exchange, consumption and other relationships, and has social attributes. It is not determined by the value of the chain, nor by how high the currency is speculated, but by the value of its own operation. The scope of tokens is larger than digital currency and blockchain itself. It is an adjustment of production relations when productivity has developed to a certain stage.

Therefore, in the future society may enter a token community organization, a token economy, or even a tokenism society.

Which fields or companies need token reform

5. Tokens create value and issue coins through the blockchain

The value of the currency is stable , the certificate can appreciate in value. Therefore, the transformation of the token system is a precise distribution and transaction model.

The certificates obtained by investors, the certificates obtained by producers, the certificates obtained by allocators, the certificates obtained by traders, and the certificates obtained by consumers. Balancing these five relationships requires accurate big data analysis. , to achieve a balanced and stable growth mechanism. Therefore, certificate reform is not that simple. Chain reform is the participation of technology, currency reform is the preparation of white papers, and certificate reform can create core value.

After centralization, the company is at the core, while decentralization is at the core of the token. A completely decentralized company has no value.

Is the value of a fully centralized token zero? Does the issuance of coins mean the embodiment of real tokens?

In the future, many company forms will change. Public companies, private companies, credit companies, market capitalization companies, and market capitalization management price-to-earnings ratios are actually issues we need to think about during the transformation of the token system.

In the past, opportunities were once in 10 years, once in 30 years, and once in 100 years. Now it is once in 500 years. The author believes that blockchain is a very big opportunity. Instead of participating in the currency circle , chain circle, it is better to create enterprises with real blockchain token value.

㈢ 100 Questions about Blockchain (Episodes 1-10)

1. From barter to Bitcoin | 100 Questions about Blockchain Episode 1

2. What is Bitcoin? 100 Questions on Blockchain Episode 2

3. The Birth of the Bitcoin White Paper 100 Questions on Blockchain Episode 3

4. The Birth of the First Bitcoin Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 4

5. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 5

6. What are cypherpunks? Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 6

7. How is Bitcoin issued? Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 7

8. Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 8: What kind of pizza actually sold for 300 million yuan?

9. Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 9: Satoshi Nakamoto’s Successor Gavin Andreessen

10. Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 10: Bitcoin Faucet< br />
11. Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 11: Why hasn’t Bitcoin been mined yet?

12. Blockchain 100 Questions Episode 12: How does Bitcoin achieve a constant total amount?

㈣ The total market value exceeded 1 trillion US dollars, and Bitcoin's performance "instantly killed" traditional assets. What problems does this reflect?

Bitcoin prices hit new highs. According to data from CoinDesk, Bitcoin broke through the $50,000 mark on the 16th and hit $51,000 on the 17th. As of 7 a.m. Beijing time this morning, the price of Bitcoin rose 7.4% to $56,055.74.

Based on this latest price, the total market value of Bitcoin is approximately US$1.04 trillion. This number is second only to Google, which has a market capitalization of US$1.4 trillion, and higher than Tesla, which has a market capitalization of US$750 billion, ranking fifth in the US stock market. Based on the closing price of Kweichow Moutai on February 19, the total market value of Bitcoin is equivalent to 2.17 times the total market value of Moutai.

The value of Bitcoin will increase by more than 415 billion US dollars in 2021, reaching more than 1 trillion US dollars. Over the past six months, Bitcoin prices have increased by approximately 350%. Market participants said that some institutions and large companies have recently expressed their intention to enter the digital currency field, which has pushed up the price of Bitcoin. Changes in the flow of speculative funds and the attitude of regulators may have an impact on its trend in the future. At the same time, this has allowed more cryptocurrencies to become known, but the value of most cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, fluctuates on a daily basis. While virtual currencies are designed to facilitate safer transactions, recent price fluctuations in Bitcoin suggest that its value is increasingly centered on speculation. Some crypto investors become millionaires overnight, but it's also possible that they lose much of their wealth within a few weeks. This also shows the hugely unreliable nature of Bitcoin, especially as a currency for goods and services.

Other factors

Of course, in addition to the above two main reasons for the rise of Bitcoin, there are many other factors. For example, in the past two years, the issuance of new coins has been stopped by various countries. After the explosion of the digital currency market in 2017, a large number of new digital currencies appeared in the market. However, the issuance of new coins usually carries high risks, and there are also many fraudulent behaviors in the market. Therefore, the issuance of new coins has been stopped by various countries. The ban on the issuance of new coins has caused certain obstacles to the development of digital currencies, but it has further contributed to the situation and stabilized the investment value of Bitcoin.

Potential problems and risks faced by Bitcoin

Technological innovation: First of all, the challenge that Bitcoin will face is technological innovation. While the decentralized design of Bitcoin is refreshing to us, it also limits the development of Bitcoin. Every upgrade of the Bitcoin protocol requires an onlineA consensus is reached with various nodes on the network, but everyone has their own different views on Bitcoin, and consensus is often difficult to achieve. This problem caused the fork of Bitcoin and also caused the development of the Bitcoin protocol itself to be very slow. At the same time, with the development of science and technology, the implementation and application of quantum computing will also break the security model of Bitcoin based on the overall computing power of all nodes on the network, and it is theoretically possible to achieve a 51% computing power attack. This problem remains unresolved so far. In other words, Bitcoin may suddenly become less secure after the emergence of quantum computing technology. In addition, due to Bitcoin’s consensus mechanism, power consumption and hardware requirements are also constantly increasing. These problems have not yet been completely solved so far

Issuance of central bank digital currency: In addition to some problems of Bitcoin itself, Bitcoin will also face challenges from central bank digital currency in the future. Part of the value of Bitcoin lies in its blockchain application, and the blockchain transaction method is also a major direction for the future development of banks. Applying the same technology, the central bank can better examine economic activities and conduct macro-control, which may be more beneficial to economic development. At the same time, we are still not sure whether digital currencies issued with national credit will be easier to implement and develop better. However, when central banks make similar attempts, they will inevitably compete with Bitcoin to a certain extent.

Many of the creation and early development of Bitcoin were based on people's desire to build a fairer currency system. But with the financialization of Bitcoin and the entry of institutional investors, we suddenly found that a large number of Bitcoins were in the hands of financial giants. As a cryptocurrency, Bitcoin’s transactions have always been outside of regulation. There is no law requiring institutional investors to disclose large-scale Bitcoin purchases and sales to ensure market fairness. This also provides opportunities for institutional investors to manipulate the market. Lots of space. Retail investors entered the market with a beautiful vision of digital currency, but ended up being harvested by predators. After repeated harvests, more capital is in the hands of financial giants.

㈤ What is EOS

EOS has four different meanings, as follows:

1. EOS: electronic and electrical

Electrical Electrical Over Stress (EOS) is a common cause of damage to components. Its manifestation is that overvoltage or overcurrent generates a large amount of heat energy, which causes the internal temperature of the component to be too high and damages the component (often called burnout). A common way to damage electronic devices is caused by pulses in electrical systems.

2. EOS: Embedded Operating System

Embedded Operating System (Embedded Operating System, referred to as: EOS) refers to the operating system used for embedded systems. An embedded operating system is a widely used system software that usually includes hardware-related underlying driver software, system kernel, device driver interface, and communication protocols., graphical interface, standardized browser, etc.

The embedded operating system is responsible for the allocation of all software and hardware resources, task scheduling, control and coordination of concurrent activities of the embedded system. It must embody the characteristics of the system in which it is located, and be able to achieve the functions required by the system by loading and unloading certain modules.

3. EOS: SDH-based Ethernet

POS (Packet Over SDH, SDH-based packet switching) and EOS are two different implementation methods for SDH networks to carry IP services. . POS technology appeared earlier, and EoS appeared later, with some technological evolutions.

The main difference with POS is that the Ethernet frame is first encapsulated and then mapped to the VC (virtual container) of SDH/SONET, and then the information is processed according to the SDH cross-mapping system.

4. EOS: Blockchain

EOS can be understood as Enterprise Operation System, a blockchain operating system designed for commercial distributed applications. EOS is a new blockchain architecture introduced to achieve performance expansion of distributed applications. Note that it is not a currency like Bitcoin and Ethereum, but a token released based on the EOS software project, called Blockchain 3.0.

(5) Blockchain 100 Questions Season 3 Extended Reading:

Characteristics of Blockchain (EOS)

1. EOS is somewhat similar to Microsoft's Windows platform. By creating a developer-friendly blockchain underlying platform, it supports multiple applications running at the same time and provides underlying templates for developing dAPPs.

2. EOS solves the problems of delay and data throughput through parallel chains and DPOS. EOS can handle thousands of transactions per second, while Bitcoin has about 7 transactions per second, and Ethereum It is 30-40 transactions per second;

3. EOS has no handling fees and has a wider general audience. To develop dApps on EOS, the network and computing resources required are allocated according to the proportion of EOS owned by the developer. When you own EOS, it is equivalent to owning computer resources. With the development of DAPP, you can lease the EOS in your hand to others. From this point alone, EOS also has extensive value.

㈥ Explain blockchain in vernacular

img src=' https://p26 . toutiaoimg.com/large/39b 70000088 e 51 B3 c 258 ' /

Recently, various ICO financial scams have been blocked in China, but this does not hinder the vigorous development of blockchain technology. After all, technology is innocent and can bring benefits to people. As for how to use it, it depends on people to operate it. If the operation is good, it can be recommended for development. If the operation is not good, it can be recommended.Just like all major ICO projects. Find some knowledge for Internet celebrities to conduct so-called illegal fund-raising and financial fraud.

After talking for a long time, what is blockchain? When it comes to blockchain, the first thing that comes to mind for many people is Bitcoin. We need to solve a problem. Bitcoin is a blockchain, but blockchain is not Bitcoin. Simply put, blockchain is distributed ledger technology (DLT), not a token. It has many characteristics, such as decentralization, traceability, and difficulty in tampering.

(1) Blockchain is a distributed database

First of all, this is a decentralized distributed architecture system. Therefore, having only one central server or node is not called a blockchain. For example, if you go to Taobao to buy a mobile phone, you and the seller are strangers and have no basis for trust. If you give the money to the seller first, the seller may block you by not delivering the goods, and then your mobile phone money will be gone. If the seller ships first, do you pay? It is possible that you do not pay the seller after receiving the goods, and one party may lose money anyway. At this time, a third-party guarantee is needed to solve the trust problem. Just like Alipay now, you give money to Alipay and the seller will deliver the goods. When you receive the goods, the seller will receive the money.

The above example is a centralized system because all guarantee work is handled by Bora, a third-party payment company. Suppose one day Alipay wants to tamper with data, neither buyers nor sellers can do anything because all authority is in the hands of one company.

At this time, a distributed database is needed. This third party is no longer Alipay, but thousands of monitors. When you buy a mobile phone on Taobao, you will shout to everyone that I am going to XXX to buy a mobile phone, and I paid XXX yuan. The other person will yell like everyone else. I collected XXX’s mobile phone bill and sent it over. In this way, everyone knows about this transaction and everyone is recording this transaction, so it is useless if one or two nodes have problems or malicious behavior, because most nodes have recorded this matter.

(B) Blockchain uses encryption technology to ensure data security

There are two important points here: 1. Crypto-enabled hash function 2. Asymmetric encryption.

If you are interested in specific concepts, you can go online, but people without basic knowledge may not be able to understand it, because these two points are too professional. In fact, if you only know the use of blockchain, you don’t need to have an in-depth understanding of it. It is also a technical concept. All you need to know is that blockchain relies on these technical points to ensure data security and is not easily tampered with. Of course, many people say that these two points can guarantee 100% non-tampering. I want to be a little conservative here. As an author who works in the security industry, I have always been skeptical about 100% security, so it may be more appropriate to call it difficult to be tampered with.

I will briefly introduce these two concepts and try to explain them clearly in plain English.

1. Cryptographic Hash Function

This is mainly used to verify the integrity of information. For example, I sent a message to the company leader saying that I was sick on Friday and needed to take a day off. At this time, a hash value will be generated based on the message I sent.Such as: 123456. At this point, when the leader receives this message, a hash value is also generated. Because the content of the message I sent has not changed (it has not been tampered with), the hash value remains unchanged, still: 123456. This is if someone wants to tamper with this news and get sick on Friday and need to take a year off. At this time, the hash value will change, such as: 123489. That's when we learned our information had been tampered with.

2. Asymmetric encryption

It is mainly used for information encryption and authentication. It is actually two keys, one is called the public key and the other is called the private key. Public key encryption, private key decryption.

A public key is a key that everyone has. You own it, I own it. We can all encrypt with this key, but when decrypting it must be decrypted with my private key. If you don't have my private key, you can't decrypt it.

(C) The blockchain uses a consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data.

The role of the consensus algorithm is to enable all nodes to reach a consensus on the new block. In other words, everyone must approve the new block.

For a centralized deployment system, this is simple, everything is controlled by the center, but in the distributed system of the blockchain, it is very complicated. For example, there are three nodes. A said he bought a mobile phone from XXX store and paid for it, B said he didn’t pay, and C said he didn’t pay enough. Then who do you listen to? What's more, blockchain technology is not as simple as three nodes, but a huge distributed system.

This is when a solution is needed. There is a corresponding problem in computer science called the "Byzantine Universal Problem" or "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT). This question was raised not because of Bitcoin, but because of a special background.

Early aircraft had three independent control systems. Why do we need three independent control systems? For example, in an emergency, there is a plane opposite. How to judge whether you should hide? If there is only one system, there is no choice, which is equivalent to centralized deployment. If the system breaks, you're dead. What if one of the two systems breaks? The good ones are said to hide, and the bad ones are said not to hide. The computer cannot judge the final result. Therefore, three independent systems are needed to support it, and the probability of two total failures is still very small. But this only takes into account injuries. What should I do if there is a malicious system? Is three enough? The answer is no, we need four systems to maintain consensus.

The use of blockchain is similar, because it is supported by a huge number of nodes, and each node is an independent system without interfering with each other. We can assume that the number of failed nodes and malicious nodes is limited, so it will not cause abnormal consistency of data.

Related Q&A: What is blockchain? What is the use?

Blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure that uses fast chain data structures, distributed node consensus algorithms, cryptography and smart contracts based on automated script code to produce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that can provide a decentralized trust mechanism in a non-trust environment, allowing multi-party participants to conduct secure and trust-based transactions without intermediaries.

Blockchain technologyThe core advantage is decentralization, which enables point-to-point transactions, coordination and collaboration based on decentralized credit in a distributed system where nodes do not need to trust each other through the use of data encryption, timestamps, distributed consensus and economic incentives. It provides a solution to the common problems of high cost, low efficiency and insecure data storage in centralized institutions.

The fields of use of blockchain include digital currency, certificates, finance, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. With the popularity of blockchain and Bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered. It has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry.

Related Q&A: Can you explain to me what a blockchain is in an easy-to-understand way?

Er Gazi is my friend since we were young, and we were naked in Hegou together. Later, I came to the city to study and work, and lived a life as a drifter in the north; he farmed at home and also did some small business, and now he has a son and a daughter, and his life is safe. He envied my so-called "seen the world", and I envied his simple life without the pressure of mortgage loans. We have completely different and mutually enviable lives??

That day, Ga Zi came to me on WeChat and asked "District" What is a blockchain?" I was stunned for a moment, how could this idiot care about such an avant-garde word? I pretended to be calm and prepared to talk about the technical principles bit by bit, but I could see the confused expression of that idiot through the screen of my mobile phone. How to explain "what is blockchain" to people who have a little bit of Internet concepts and technical foundation? This seems to be a very thorny problem??

The village commissary interprets the core of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The core essence of blockchain is "decentralization", and almost all operating modes of blockchain operate around the concept of "decentralization". Once you understand what "decentralization" is, you can basically explain the question "what is a blockchain?" For Erga, of course, he must perform a version that he can understand.

“I said, Gazi, are you still open that canteen at the east end of the village?” Gazi answered yes. I decided to use this canteen as an example to explain the actual use of blockchain in modern business and financial models. Scenario, so that he can better understand what blockchain is.

"Are there still many villagers who take credit now? By the end of the year, some of the accounts cannot be remembered clearly, and there are still many defaulters or those who refuse to accept their accounts?" At this point, Ergazi got emotional and kept complaining. Nowadays, people's hearts are not as old as before, and business is difficult to do!

"In the past, the operation model of your canteen was a typical centralized one. You granted credit to the villagers and allowed them to take accounts on credit. All accounting was done directly through you and our villagers. You were the center of all accounting affairs." Ergazi said I understand, let me continue.

I said: "If you fail one day, then all the accounts will become dead accounts? It will be difficult to get back the IOUs written in black and white, let alone those who remember the accounts verbally, but the block The decentralization of the chain can solve this problem very well. As long as the earth still exists, the blockchain will remember that every account will exist forever." Erga became more energetic after hearing this.

The essence of blockchainThe essence of blockchain is decentralization.

"The essence of blockchain is decentralization. Once someone takes credit from you, all the neighbors in the village will help you keep accounts. Because there are many accounting nodes, it is not easy to make mistakes. Others cannot default on the debt, so everyone reaches a consensus. If someone maliciously fails to pay back the debt, the whole village will know his character, and no one will be willing to have any financial dealings with him in the future??"

said Here, Gazi is obviously a little excited. It seems that he is really worried about the credit issue. Seeing that Gazi was interested, I felt a little sense of accomplishment and continued: "Of course, the above is just an analogy. In fact, the blockchain does not really allow the villagers to get paper and pen to help you keep accounts, but through the Internet It was completed by networking with the computer."

At this time, Gazi was a little confused and asked: "Then everyone in the village knows what others bought from me, so who would buy anything from me? It's really a bit weird. There is no privacy. And you don’t have time to keep accounts here. Last year’s accounts are said to be this year’s. What if you keep delaying it?”

“Okay, Gazi, you are on to the point of asking this question.” It seems that Gazi is not stupid at all, and is still very smart in doing business. I continued to explain: "So, the recording and transmission of this information are all done through encryption. What you see is a string of numbers and English, and each account has a timestamp to record the time it occurred. , can't be relied on."

Gazi had another question: "Could it be that the people who owe the debt have a good relationship with the villagers, and they join forces to tamper with the accounting? Then it will be unclear. ?”

“Gazi, that’s all you have to be careful about, haha.” I understood Gazi’s concerns and continued to explain: “The mechanism of the blockchain requires more than 51% of people to agree to tamper with a bill. Yes. There is a degree of closeness and distance between people, and it is impossible for everyone to prefer one person. If it were a computer, more than half of the computers in the entire network would need to recalculate. This project is so huge that it is almost impossible to complete?? ”

In this way, through the actual situation of the canteen and combined with some scenes in life, Gazi understood what is in the blockchain: decentralization, distributed accounting, consensus mechanism, encryption mechanism, timestamp, and Characteristics that are not easily tampered with.

Ergazi was silent for a moment, as if he was digesting the example I just gave him, and I don’t know how much he can understand it. Not long after, he sent me another voice message on WeChat: "What does blockchain mean? In the past, when I bought goods online and paid for them, I had to go through Jack Ma's house. If there is a blockchain, can it be done directly?" When trading with sellers, bookkeeping is very safe anyway."

"Okay, Gazi, it's really clear. Blockchain is essentially a decentralized distributed ledger data cloud. Of course, it can be understood as you understand it. "." I am very happy that Ga Zi can roughly appreciate the true charm of blockchain. Fortunately, my words have not been in vain.

What is Bitcoin? (Picture quoted from the Internet)

"Then what is Bitcoin? What does it have to do with the blockchain?" Gazi asked.

I thought about it briefly and decidedDing continued to use the story of the canteen to explain to Gazi: "In your canteen, the villagers can't keep accounts for you for free all day long. Do you have to carry something to visit during the holidays? This is the reward of the blockchain. Mechanism, everyone who participates in bookkeeping may receive rewards."

"Then what are the rewards based on? There must be a rule, right?" Gazi asked very puzzled.

I explained: "Zhang San went to your store to buy a pack of cigarettes on credit, but Li Si knew about it first and kept an account for you first. Then other people knew about it and started keeping accounts. Then Li Si could get A small red flower as a reward ~ This little red flower is generated by the blockchain system and has no value in itself, so you do not need to pay any cost for this little red flower??"

"Then Bitcoin can be used as money Flowers? How is it different from the banknotes we usually spend?" Gazi continued to ask.

"Bitcoin is a digital encrypted virtual currency. In principle, it has no value itself like our banknotes. However, banknotes have the country as a credit guarantee, so they have value. Bitcoin is the Bitcoin network The value formed by consensus among users has tradable attributes, so it can be used to carry value." What is said here is a bit profound, I don't know if Gazi can understand it.

I continued to explain: "Banknotes can be printed infinitely. If you print too much, inflation will occur. When we were young, popsicles costing 1 cent were very good. Now we cannot eat them for 1 yuan. Of course, there are factors that affect inflation. A lot. The number of Bitcoins is fixed, and there is no possibility of unlimited over-issuance. However, different people have different judgments on their value, coupled with the influence of supply and demand and investor sentiment, so its price is always fluctuating. ."

What is the difference between Bitcoin price fluctuations and stocks?

"So speculation in Bitcoin is speculation in stocks? Can you understand it that way?" Ga Zi seems to know a lot.

"Actually, there are some similarities, but there are also big differences." I continued Gazi's topic: "The price of stocks always fluctuates around the valuation of the company, and there is government supervision in the stock market. And Bitcoin It itself has no value, and is priced entirely based on supply and demand and player valuations. It grows wildly without any government supervision, so it may have higher risks and higher returns than stocks."

In the end. , Gazi revealed the true purpose of today. He asked me: "Can I invest in blockchain projects?"

Gazi is a typical example of not going to the Three Treasures Palace for anything. Despite a large circle, both blockchain and Bitcoin, in fact, the question he really cares about is "Is investment in blockchain projects reliable?" When these words came out, I was extremely shocked. Now The so-called blockchain investment projects have actually reached fourth- and sixth-tier cities and small towns!

Up to now, there are only three situations in investing in blockchain: mining, currency speculation, and so-called blockchain projects.

Mining and currency speculation are still the main lines of the blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

The so-called mining is to mine virtual currency by purchasing mining equipment such as mining machines, and then sell it for cash.And get rewards. You can install the mining machine yourself, or you can find a mining pool to host it, but the core keys to profitability are "computing power" and "power consumption" as well as investment in equipment. With the sharp drop in the price of virtual currencies and the increase in mining difficulty, the current mining returns of many currencies are very unsatisfactory. Mining is obviously something only a very small number of investors who understand technology can do well, and my childhood friend Gazi obviously can’t do it.

As for "coin speculation", I have just introduced some differences between Bitcoin and stocks in the previous section. In principle, although they are both "buy low and sell high" operations, they are very different. Ordinary investors cannot determine the value of a virtual currency itself. The price is determined entirely by the relationship between supply and demand, which is somewhat similar to what we often call "market makers." On the other hand, the virtual currency trading market is extremely unstandardized, and fraud and hacker attacks often occur. The risk factor is much greater than investing in stocks. For the safety of my friends' funds, I am one of the ten thousand people who disagree with me and come to "speculate in coins"!

The "September Fourth Movement" stipulated that the issuance of virtual currency is illegal

In fact, in my opinion, most of the so-called investment projects in the market are essentially "illegal fund-raising" and "pyramid schemes." Some so-called blockchain investment projects attract investors into the circle through various packaging and inflammatory rhetoric, and then create the illusion of profitability by building a software and hardware ecosystem of issuing new coins + mining + currency speculation, and then finally run away. Our country's laws clearly stipulate that the issuance of virtual currencies is illegal.

Illegal pyramid schemes now wear the cloak of blockchain (picture quoted from the Internet)

And how to identify some pyramid schemes under the guise of blockchain? In fact, these pyramid schemes are also so-called Ponzi schemes, what we people often call "empty gloves." These so-called "direct sales" or "marketing" activities often have no actual products to circulate, and rely more on developing "downline" to ensure top-level profits. With the rise of the concept of blockchain, this MLM model has shown an intensification trend, and it even deceives people under the banner of state support for new technologies.

When Gazi asked, “Can blockchain projects be invested in?”, I realized the seriousness of the problem. Gazi is a typical young man from a small town, and his pursuit is his wife and children. But when faced with the attraction of "wealth", people often do inappropriate things. Mining and currency speculation are simply not suitable for him, let alone blockchain investment projects that are most likely "illegal financing" or "illegal pyramid schemes"!

I quickly dialed Gazi’s phone number and carefully conducted the above analysis??

㈦ Blockchain 100 Question: What information does the blockchain record?

Block The chain is the large ledger of the Bitcoin network, and each block is equivalent to a page in the ledger. So what information is recorded in the "account book

"? Currently, each block of Bitcoin mainly records data such as block header, transaction details, transaction counter, and block size.

"Block header" containsAll information except transaction information, mainly including the hash value of the previous block header:

Used to ensure that blocks are concatenated in order; timestamp: records the generation time of the block; random number : That is the answer to the arithmetic problem of the entire network mine

Gongyi PK; Difficulty target: the difficulty coefficient score of the arithmetic problem.

"Transaction Details" records in detail the transferor, incomer, amount and digital signature of the transferor

of each transaction, which is the name of each transaction in each block. main content.

The "transaction counter" represents the number of transactions contained in each block.

"Block size" indicates the size of each block data. Currently, each block is limited to 1MB, and the possibility of expansion in the future cannot be ruled out

.

㈧ 108 essential knowledge points for getting started with blockchain

Author: Kong Lin

61. Trapped

Expect the currency price to rise, but unexpectedly the currency price falls after buying; or expect the currency price to fall, but unexpectedly the currency price rises after selling

62. Unwinding

After buying Bitcoin, the currency price fell, causing a temporary book loss, but the currency price rebounded later and the loss turned into profit

63. Going short

After selling Bitcoin because of the bearish market outlook, However, the currency price continued to rise, and I failed to buy in time, so I failed to make profits

64. Overbought

The currency price continued to rise to a certain height, and the buyer's power was basically exhausted. The currency price is about to fall

65. Oversold

The currency price continues to fall to a certain low, the seller's power is basically exhausted, and the currency price is about to rise

66. Lure bulls

The currency price has been consolidating for a long time and is more likely to fall. Most short sellers have sold Bitcoin. Suddenly the short sellers pull up the currency price, inducing many parties to think that the currency price will rise and buy one after another. After the bulls bought Bitcoin, they deliberately suppressed the price of the currency, making the short sellers think that the price of the currency would fall. , were thrown out one after another, and ended up falling into the trap of bulls

68. What is NFT

The full name of NFT is "Non-Fungible Tokens", that is, To put it simply, non-fungible tokens are an indivisible copyright certificate on the blockchain. They are mainly used to confirm and transfer the rights of digital assets. The difference from digital currencies is that they are unique and indivisible. In essence, they are a a unique digital asset.

69. What is YuanyuUniverse

The Metaverse is a collection of virtual time and space, consisting of a series of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and the Internet (Internet), in which digital currency carries the value of this world. Transfer function.

70. What is DeFi

DeFi, the full name is Decentralized Finance, which is "decentralized finance" or "distributed finance". "Decentralized finance", as opposed to traditional centralized finance, refers to various financial applications established in open decentralized networks. The goal is to establish a multi-level financial system based on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. As a basis, re-create and improve the existing financial system

71. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

72. Bitcoin is different from Q Coin

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset with no issuing entity. Q Coin is an electronic currency issued by Tencent. It is similar to electronic points, but it is not actually a currency. Q Coin requires a centralized issuing institution. Q Coin can only be recognized and used because of the credit endorsement of Tencent. The scope of use is also limited to Tencent's games and services. The value of Q coins is entirely based on people's trust in Tencent.

Bitcoin is not issued through a centralized institution, but it is widely recognized around the world because Bitcoin can self-certify its trust. The issuance and circulation of Bitcoin are jointly accounted for by miners across the entire network, and are not A central authority is also needed to ensure that no one can tamper with the ledger.

73. What is a mining machine?

Taking Bitcoin as an example, a Bitcoin mining machine is a professional equipment that competes for accounting rights by running a large amount of calculations to obtain new Bitcoin rewards. It is generally composed of a mining chip, a heat sink and a fan, and only performs A single calculation program consumes a lot of power. Mining is actually a competition between miners for computing power. Miners with more computing power have a greater probability of mining Bitcoin. As the computing power of the entire network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to mine bits with traditional equipment (CPU, GPU), and people have developed chips specifically for mining. The chip is the core part of the mining machine. The operation of the chip will generate a large amount of heat. In order to dissipate heat, Bitcoin mining machines are generally equipped with heat sinks and fans. Users download Bitcoin mining software on their computers, use the software to assign tasks to each mining machine, and then start mining. Each currency has a different algorithm and requires different mining machines.

74. What is quantitative trading?

Quantitative trading, sometimes also called automated trading, refers to the use of advanced mathematical models to replace human subjective judgments, which greatly reduces the impact of investor sentiment fluctuations and avoids extreme fanaticism or pessimism in the market. make irrational investment decisions. There are many types of quantitative trading, including cross-platform trading, trend trading, hedging, etc. Cross-platform brick-moving means that when different goalsWhen the platform price difference reaches a certain amount, you will sell on the platform with a higher price and buy on the platform with a lower price.

75. Blockchain asset over-the-counter trading

Over-the-counter trading is also called OTC trading. Users need to find their own counterparties and do not need to match the transaction. The transaction price is determined by negotiation between the two parties. The two parties can fully communicate through face-to-face negotiation or telephone communication.

76. What is a timestamp?

The blockchain ensures that each block is connected sequentially through timestamps. Timestamps enable every piece of data on the blockchain to have a time stamp. Simply put, timestamps prove when something happened on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with by anyone.

77. What is a blockchain fork?

Upgrading software in a centralized system is very simple, just click "Upgrade" in the app store. However, in decentralized systems such as blockchain, "upgrading" is not that simple, and a disagreement may even cause a blockchain fork. Simply put, a fork refers to a disagreement when the blockchain is "upgraded", resulting in a fork in the blockchain. Because there is no centralized organization, every code upgrade of digital assets such as Bitcoin needs to be unanimously recognized by the Bitcoin community. If the Bitcoin community cannot reach an agreement, the blockchain is likely to form a fork.

78. Soft fork and hard fork

Hard fork means that when the Bitcoin code changes, the old nodes refuse to accept the blocks created by the new nodes. Blocks that do not comply with the original rules will be ignored, and miners will follow the original rules and create new blocks after the last block they verified. A soft fork means that old nodes are not aware of the changes to the Bitcoin code and continue to accept blocks created by new nodes. Miners may work on blocks they have no understanding of, or validation of. Both soft forks and hard forks are "backwards compatible" to ensure that new nodes can verify the blockchain from scratch. Backward compatibility means that new software accepts data or code generated by old software. For example, Windows 10 can run Windows XP applications. Soft forks can also be "forward compatible".

79. Classification and application of blockchain projects

Judging from the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects mainly fall into four categories: Category 1: Currency; The second category: platform category; the third category: application category; the fourth category: asset tokenization.

80. USDT against the US dollar

USDT is Tether USD, a token launched by Tether that is against the US dollar (USD). 1USDT=1 US dollar, users can use USDT and USD for 1:1 exchange at any time. Tether implements a 1:1 reserve guarantee system, that is, each USDT token will have a reserve guarantee of 1 US dollar, which supports the stability of the USDT price. someoneThe unit price of a digital asset is USDT, which is equivalent to its unit price in US dollars (USD).

81. Altcoins and alternative coins

Altcoins refer to blockchain assets that use the Bitcoin code as a template and make some modifications to its underlying technology blockchain, among which Those with technological innovations or improvements are also called alternative coins. Because the Bitcoin code is open source, the cost of plagiarism in Bitcoin is very low. You can even generate a brand new blockchain by simply copying the Bitcoin code and modifying some parameters.

82. Three major exchanges

Binance

Okex

Huobi

83. Market software

Mytoken

Non-small account

CMC

84. Information website

Babbitt

Golden Finance

Coin World News

85. Blockchain Browser

BTC

ETH

< p> BCH

LTC

ETC

86. Wallet

Imtoken

Bitpie

87. Decentralized exchange

uniswap

88. NFT exchange

Opensea< /p>

Super Rare

89. Ladder

Bring your own, buy a reliable ladder

90. Platform currency

The digital currency issued by the platform is used to deduct handling fees, transactions, etc.

91. Bull market, bear market

Bull market: rising market

Bear market: falling market< /p>

92. Blockchain 1.0

A currency trading system based on distributed ledgers, represented by Bitcoin

93. Blockchain 2.0

< p> The contract blockchain technology represented by Ethereum (smart contract) is 2.0

94. Blockchain 3.0

In the era of intelligent Internet of Things, it goes beyond the financial field and provides various The industry provides decentralized solutions

95. Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a contract designed to disseminate, verify or execute contracts in an information-based manner.Computer protocol, simply put, is an electronic contract set in advance, and once both parties confirm it, the contract is automatically executed.

96. What is a token?

The token economy is an economic system with Token as the only reference standard, which is equivalent to a pass. If you own Token, you have rights and interests, and you have the right to speak.

Big data is the means of production, AI is the new productivity, and blockchain is the new production relationship. Big data refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools. It is a massive, high-growth and high-volume data set that requires new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities. Diverse information assets. Simply understood, big data is massive data accumulated over a long period of time and cannot be obtained in the short term. Blockchain can be used as a way to obtain big data, but it cannot replace big data. Big data is only used as a medium running in the blockchain and has no absolute technical performance, so the two cannot be confused. (The simple understanding of production relations is the labor exchange and consumption relations, the core lies in productivity, and the core of productivity lies in production tools)

ICO, Initial Coin Offering, initial public token issuance, is the first step in the blockchain digital currency industry. Crowdfunding. It is the most popular topic and investment trend in 2017, and the country launched a regulatory plan on September 4. Speaking of ICO, people will think of IPO, and the two are fundamentally different.

99. Five characteristics of digital currency

The first characteristic: decentralization

The second characteristic: having open source code

The third feature: independent electronic wallet

The fourth feature: constant issuance

The fifth feature: global circulation

100. What is decentralization?

It has no issuer, does not belong to any institution or country, and is a publicly issued currency designed, developed and stored on the Internet by Internet network experts.

100. What is measurement (scarcity)?

Once the total amount of issuance is set, it is permanently fixed, cannot be changed, cannot be over-issued at will, and is subject to global Internet supervision. Because the difficulty of mining and mining changes over time, the longer the time, the greater the difficulty of mining, and the fewer coins are mined, so it is scarce.

101. What is open source code?

The alphanumeric code is stored on the Internet. Anyone can find out the source code of its design, everyone can participate, can mine it, and it is open to the world.

102. What is anonymous transaction? Private wallet private?

Everyone can register and download a wallet online without real-name authentication., completely composed of encrypted digital codes, can be sent and traded instantly point-to-point around the world without resorting to banks or any institutions, and cannot be tracked or inquired by anyone without my authorization.

A contract transaction refers to an agreement between a buyer and seller to receive a certain amount of an asset at a specified price at a certain time in the future. The objects of contract trading are standardized contracts formulated by the exchange. The exchange stipulates standardized information such as commodity type, transaction time, quantity, etc. A contract represents the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller.

105. Digital Currency Industry Chain

Chip manufacturers, mining machine manufacturers, and mining machine agents mine and export to exchanges for retail investors to speculate in coins< /p>

106. Who is Kong Lin?

Kong Lin: Digital Currency Value Investor

Investment style: Steady

p>

107. Konglin Investment Strategy

Combining long-term and short-term, focusing on price investment, no contracts, no short-term play

Reasonable layout, scientific operation, steady and conservative, earning Cycle money

108. Konglin?

Welcome currency friends and seek common development

㈨ What does blockchain mean?

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology.

Essentially, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "full traces left", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". . Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

The Origin of Blockchain

Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. On November 1, 2008, a person claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto ) published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", which elaborated on the architectural concept of an electronic cash system based on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc., which marked the The birth of coin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.