本文章已通过区块链审核,本文章已通过区块链检索

请查看相关英文文档

1. After reading this article, you will have a thorough understanding of the blockchain

In this article, all the content I introduced is in today’s world. The fact that the blockchain field has already happened is not some imagination or opinions about the blockchain. I think that as long as you read this article carefully, you will easily have a basic and accurate understanding of blockchain.

The main content of understanding blockchain in just ten minutes is divided into four sections. 21 topics and 4 sections are:

The first national blockchain strategy.

Second, Bitcoin and its literal representation involve four topics.

Third, blockchain and its technical logic involve 13 topics.

Fourth, blockchain empowers the economy and society, involving three topics.

Let’s first look at the first part of the blockchain national strategy, the first part of the blockchain country. Everyone knows that we humans have experienced six information revolutions. Seven or eight years ago, the first information revolution created primitive language, social tacit understanding, and the second information revolution saw the emergence of writing. The third information revolution in feudal society invented papermaking and printing, and the fourth information revolution in the late 19th century invented radio.

In the fifth information revolution of the 20th century, television appeared again, and now in the sixth information revolution, computers and the Internet have appeared. The emergence of computers and the Internet has given rise to the rapid development of various new technologies. Especially in 2020, the digital economy has experienced epoch-making development.

Why do you say that? The characteristics of high bandwidth, low latency and large connections in the 5G era have enabled the implementation of the four major technologies of ABCD.

What are the four major ABCD technologies

The a here refers to Artificial Intelligence, which is artificial intelligence technology.

B refers to Blockchain, blockchain technology.

C refers to cloud computing cloud computing technology

D refers to big data technology.

The word blockchain is now completely popular all over the country. On October 25, 2019, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced the development of blockchain technology. The current situation has been collectively studied, so the requirement of this meeting is to use blockchain technology as the core technology.

As an important breakthrough for independent innovation, we must accelerate the promotion of blockInnovation and development of chain technology and industry. On April 20, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission officially included blockchain into new infrastructure. Blockchain, why do you think it is so awesome? Let us say that blockchain is not an extension of the Internet, it is a subversion of the Internet. In the future, many, many technologies will grow on this blockchain and realize blockchainization.

So, how can we accurately learn and understand the blockchain?

We found that among the four major technologies of ABCD, only the block is naturally built-in It's financial. Therefore, we must learn and understand blockchain from the IT perspective and the financial perspective, and even learn and understand blockchain from the level of national governance. If you only study and understand blockchain from an IT perspective, it is impossible to understand the huge influence and influence of this technology. Then, your understanding of this will be biased. Even more, you may disapprove of blockchain technology. In addition, in the process of learning about blockchain, you should also pay attention to the fact that it has many new terms, so you need to concentrate on understanding it step by step.

Let’s first understand blockchain from a financial perspective.

Bitcoin and its birth performance

To understand the blockchain, it involves Bitcoin, and what about the birth of Bitcoin? , and it is inseparable from the evolution of currency. We know that currency is a special commodity that is separated from commodities and serves as a fixed general equivalent. In fact, we humans have used a lot of currencies, including physical currency, weighing currency, paper money, accounting currency, etc. As for accounting currency, it includes electronic currency and digital currency. Electronic currency itself is not a currency. It is just used to represent the same amount of currency. It is a token.

Then the total amount of his tokens will not increase due to the increase of electronic currency. Alipay, WeChat, payment, and online banking are typical electronic currencies. As for digital currency, it is itself a legal currency. The total amount of this fiat currency will increase with the increase of digital currency. We know that when it comes to physical currency, we humans have actually chosen many things as general equivalents.

Weighing currencies are some heavy metals. Later, people chose gold among the heavy metals. Why choose gold? Because gold has the characteristics of rarity, divisibility, and the most stable chemical properties. What needs to be noted here is gold. It is not issued by any country. It is provided by nature. of. Your country's total amount is as much as nature provides. Therefore, the country does not need to make credit guarantees on the value of gold.Save.

However, as for gold, it has some flaws in its use, and it is difficult to carry when you go out again, so there are descendants. Paper money appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, paper money was not currency in the current sense. The currency at that time was still gold, but we used paper money to represent gold. We called it the gold standard. The gold standard is the gold standard, which is a monetary system with gold as the standard currency. The core essence of the gold standard is that how much currency a country issues should be decided based on how much gold your country has. It does not mean you can issue as much currency as you want.

At that time, the Great Depression of the United States reached January 10, 1934. On this day, the newly elected President of the United States made a very important decision to abandon the gold standard and issue 3 billion US dollars. Think about it, abandoning the gold standard, in theory, means that he can issue as much currency as he wants. Even if there is no gold in the treasury, he can issue banknotes as long as he wants to. Then someone will ask, if you issue so many words, can you still exchange them for gold of equal value?

Look at the banknotes at this time, they have been separated from gold, and national credit has emerged. , this, we call it currency guaranteed by national credit. Now, when mainstream countries issue currency, they also issue it with national credit as a guarantee.

What are the benefits? The advantage is that it can regulate the economy. When the economy is not doing well, a little more hair can drive economic development. The increase or decrease in this variable will cause a chain reaction of the entire economic aggregate. This is the multiplier effect in economics. Once a country masters this thing, some countries will be fascinated by it. But if it is not well controlled, it will lead to national credit bankruptcy. As a result, many people began to reflect. This reflection is, when issuing currency, is it better to use national credit as a guarantee, or is it better to stick to the gold standard based on the total amount of gold. This question involves the birth of Bitcoin

2. Take stock of the development scenarios that have been successfully transformed by blockchain

The digital age has quietly entered our lives, and it is the same as 10 years ago. Since then, there have been more digital applications around us, and our lifestyles have also undergone earth-shaking changes. This is all inseparable from the development of technology. Emerging technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, blockchain, etc. will have a great impact on us in the future. Below we will take stock of those fields that have been successfully transformed by blockchain and see how the application scenarios of blockchain development will affect us now and in the future. [This article is compiled and published by Xiao V editor: Hanquankeji]

1. Financial services are the earliest fields affected by blockchain. Anyone who has played with digital goodsFriends who are interested in currency know that blockchain was first used for currency speculation. But the current role of blockchain in finance is decentralization, so what role does it play in us? Just like if we want to transfer money to another person, we need to confirm it through the bank before it can be transferred to the other person's account, and Blockchain finance allows transfers to be carried out on the blockchain network without third-party confirmation, which optimizes both efficiency and cost.

2. Education is one of the hottest topics in recent years. How to improve the education system is what every family, the Ministry of Education, and even the country attaches great importance to. Blockchain education not only successfully digitizes this application scenario, but also carries out chain changes to the education system, placing important information such as students’ personal files, grades, academic qualifications, etc. on the blockchain to prevent information loss and malicious tampering. , In this way, recruiting companies can obtain students' personal files authentically and reliably, effectively avoiding problems such as academic fraud.

3. The Internet allows us to have access to more entertainment methods, but some articles, music, and pictures will be pirated, which not only affects the rights of the author, but also creates a bad social atmosphere. With the advantages of blockchain's openness, transparency and anti-tampering, it is possible to avoid malicious tampering of copyright information.

There are still many application scenarios for blockchain development that have not been explored, and what I have talked about are only some of the applications. As the country attaches great importance to blockchain, more blockchain applications will become popular and reach thousands of households.

3. What is "blockchain"

Blockchain technology is a technology that jointly maintains reliable databases through decentralization and elimination of trust. Four keywords can be used to describe blockchain technology: trust reduction, decentralization, collective maintenance and reliable database.

When we talk about the concept of "blockchain", Bitcoin is definitely a topic that will not be ignored. In recent years, Bitcoin has begun to enter the public eye, especially in 2017, which has continued to skyrocket throughout the year, making many people aware of this emerging thing.

Blockchain is actually the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Bitcoin exists because people on the Internet who don’t know each other can move and trade digital currency through the Bitcoin network. And this is driven by blockchain technology. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded on the blockchain ledger. To a certain extent, in the application of Bitcoin, the blockchain plays the role of the underlying database of the bank transaction system. Both are for "keeping accounts". Although it is not very prudent to refer to the blockchain directly as a "database", for the sake of ease of understanding, let's temporarily call it a decentralized, shared and encrypted database. If described in professional terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger technology.

Blockchain can usually be divided into the following types:

1. Public blockchain. Anyone can access a public blockchainData, everyone can issue transactions waiting to be written to the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to miners in Bitcoin at the time) maintain the security of the database through cryptography and built-in economic incentives.

2. Collaborative blockchain. The nodes participating in the blockchain are pre-selected, and there are likely to be good network connections between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms other than proof-of-work can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among a hundred financial institutions, and it is stipulated that more than two-thirds of the institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be either public or shared internally by these node participants.

3. Private blockchain. The participating nodes are only individual users, and the access and use of data are subject to strict permission management. Most of the internally used blockchain technologies announced by some financial institutions recently are vague and may fall into this range.

The blockchain is a public ledger. There is no centralized hardware or management organization. Anyone can automatically verify the authenticity of the ledger and easily discover whether the ledger has been tampered with by others.

In a word, the blockchain is a public ledger that can be verified by everyone.

The concept of being verifiable by everyone is crucial to blockchain.

Bitcoin uses the blockchain to record all transactions, so anyone knows the number of Bitcoins on each account.

So, as a publicly verifiable ledger, what are some use cases for blockchain?

In fact, there are many use cases that can be thought of. Blockchain is suitable for any data that can be recorded on a public ledger. Here are 4 examples:

1. Decentralized domain name server, namely domain currency. The domain name server is actually a ledger that records domain names.

2. Trustless public key encryption, such as https that discards unreliable certification authorities.

3. Ownership records, truthfully record the items and their corresponding owners.

4. Contracts and performance guarantees, the account book truthfully records the parties to the contract and saves the contract text.

But don’t forget that blockchain also has a very important component.

The ledger recorded using blockchain technology will always be updated. New data such as transactions, domain name inputs, records and contracts will be converted into hash values ​​of the same length by the hash algorithm and saved. However, hashing algorithms are not only not free but also very expensive.

Therefore, the ledger itself needs to have a recognition system to recognize the person who enters the block hash value.

In Bitcoin, this system is called mining and is rooted in the Bitcoin protocol. Bitcoin miners use a hash algorithm to convert transactions awaiting verification into hash values ​​and charge a certain amount of Bitcoins.as service charge.

Therefore, for non-monetary use cases, blockchain needs to find a way to bear the high cost of hashing algorithms.

I would like to remind everyone that my answer mainly focuses on the possible use cases of blockchain technology, and does not cover all aspects of blockchain, such as why hashing algorithms are so expensive. I'm sure you can find a lot of detailed information about Bitcoin and other blockchain applications online.

Supplement

Although blockchain technology has many advantages, there are still some less than ideal use cases. For example, there is no way to convert Bitcoin into any national currency; a ledger with billions of data entries would take up space and be impractical.

Bitcoin has shown the world that blockchain technology is feasible in principle, and people are also trying to solve these increasingly prominent problems, such as technological transformation of Bitcoin or the introduction of a completely Different blockchain technologies. I think the following two methods are worth trying: one is to split the ledger according to certain standards such as the payer address, and the other is to introduce a main blockchain to verify the sub-blockchain. Blockchain technology is ever-changing and dazzling, and it’s unknown whether someone is already making such an attempt. But Bitcoin is still the world's first currency blockchain, what others call a cryptocurrency.

Whether in the technology circle or the financial circle, blockchain has become the hottest word, no one. Blockchain has core advantages such as decentralization and trustlessness, and can perfectly solve problems such as information asymmetry, high transaction costs, and trust of strangers in the development of the sharing economy, making "individual economy" possible. Based on this, blockchain technology is considered to be the core technology that has the greatest potential to trigger the fifth wave of disruptive revolution after steam engines, electricity, information and Internet technology.

In this context, a blockchain craze was born in society, and everyone praised it overwhelmingly. Dialectics tells us that everything has flaws, and only by seeing the pros and cons of things can we make rational decisions. Therefore, in this article, Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, focuses on pouring some cold water on the blockchain.

| What is Blockchain

Blockchain, English Blockchain, has a rather mysterious technological flavor in its name, and can be simply broken down into "data blocks" and "links". Each data block contains all the information exchange data of the system within a certain period of time, and is encrypted using cryptographic methods; the link means that each block has a link relationship with the next block, thus forming a blockchain.

It is generally believed that blockchain has two major characteristics: decentralization and trustlessness. A brief introduction is as follows:

Since each block contains a specific time system,All information exchange data is unified, so each block is equal, and the damage of a single block does not affect the security of the entire system, so the blockchain has "decentralized characteristics".

Similarly, since each block contains all the information of the system, the authenticity of the information can be cross-verified. Only by breaking through more than 51% of the nodes can the information be tampered with. In a large enough blockchain system , the cost is extremely high, it can be considered that the information in the blockchain is true, so the blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness.

Most people’s understanding of blockchain begins with Bitcoin. The relationship between the two is that blockchain is the underlying technology and concept, and Bitcoin is only the most popular application of blockchain at present. .

Maybe the above is not popular enough. Finally, let me summarize, what do you think the blockchain is? Is it a disruptive new technology? NO! According to Xue Hongyan (Hong Yanweiyu), a senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute, blockchain is not so much a new technology as it is a new ideological concept. The information encryption and other technologies included in the blockchain have been around for a long time, and it is more of a conceptual innovation. This is also the reason why the blockchain has a huge impact. New technologies will be surpassed sooner or later, ranging from one or two years to four to five years; only innovative ideas have enough energy to affect all aspects of the economy and society.

| Blockchain is expected to change the underlying rules of the financial system

In applications in the financial field, blockchain will change the transaction process and record keeping methods, thus significantly reducing transaction costs. It has significantly improved efficiency and is considered to have a broad market environment in digital currency, cross-border payment and clearing, bill trading, securities issuance and trading, property rights transactions, customer credit reporting, anti-fraud, and anti-money laundering.

Such a good technology is naturally sought after by everyone. Like many traditional financial people, Hong Yanweiyu resisted it at first, thinking that this thing was not that great, and did not do any research specifically. Later, as the research on financial technology gradually deepened, it was discovered that blockchain was an obstacle that could not be bypassed, because whether it was robo-advisory, big data risk control or online lending, they were only technological innovations at the financial business level and risk control level. It has not penetrated the bottom layer of the financial system. What is the underlying layer of the financial system? Naturally, it is payment and settlement, transaction rules and system interaction. What the blockchain changes is precisely the underlying rules.

Therefore, throughout the world, financial institutions are the most active in researching blockchain. If nothing else, they are really afraid. After the decentralization and trustless features of the blockchain are fully utilized, what else will the intermediaries of financial institutions do? It is estimated that this is also the first feeling of many people who have a preliminary understanding of blockchain.

In this article, Hong Yanweiyu focuses on pouring cold water on this view.

| Subverting the financial system, blockchain still faces two mountains

Marxist dialectics tells us that everything has two sides, andThe more prominent the point, the more obvious the defect, it's just a different angle. The two major problems with blockchain subverting the financial system lie precisely in the two major advantages of decentralization and trustlessness.

First, let’s talk about decentralization. First, we need to clarify a truth. Does centralization necessarily mean low efficiency? Of course not. Within a specific scope, the concentration of resources brought about by centralization can greatly improve efficiency. This is also the reason why human beings evolve from individuals to villages to tribes and then to countries in the process of evolution. Take UnionPay as an example. UnionPay is the clearing and settlement center for the domestic banking industry. After UnionPay is established, each bank only needs to connect with UnionPay to realize transactions with all banks. If it is decentralized, without UnionPay, each bank will need to When communicating with all counterparties, which one is more efficient? Therefore, there is no need to beat centralization to death with a stick. The decentralization feature of blockchain is destined to only play a role in specific fields (that is, fields that are not suitable for centralization). How can it subvert everything?

Furthermore, it is a matter of trust. There is nothing wrong with detrusting itself, but the technical logic behind it is deeply flawed. Blockchain relies on universal accounting to achieve trustlessness, that is, all transaction information is retained in each block for system cross-verification to identify authenticity. Here comes the problem. Each block retains all transaction information. There is no problem on a small blockchain. However, as more and more information is added, it will inevitably lead to an explosive growth of transaction information and will also bring information. Dramatic increase in storage costs. At the same time, the greater the amount of information, the longer cross-validation takes and the lower the efficiency. Therefore, the blockchain solves the trust problem, but it brings about rising costs and declining efficiency.

Nothing in the world is perfect, and the same is true for blockchain.

As a conclusion, Hongyanweiyu wants to clarify that blockchain, as a conceptual innovation, does have great value and can also have a disruptive impact in specific fields. However, the current one-sided thinking about blockchain is problematic. Eastern wisdom tells us that "the most brilliant and the golden mean", in the face of anything, it is wisest to maintain the golden mean.

(Text/Xue Hongyan, senior researcher at Suning Financial Research Institute; WeChat public account: Hongyan Weiyu)

As early as a few years ago, the word "mining" came with Bitcoin is well known for its popularity. Many people know about Bitcoin first and then the blockchain, and they even don’t know about the blockchain yet. By definition, blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity (anti-counterfeiting) and generation of its information. Next block.

I am not a computer technology expert. The following introduction to blockchain comes from reading and comments from expert friends and is for reference only.

If you want to use one word to explain blockchain, it is: distributed accounting.

To understand this word isWhat does it mean? You need to first understand that traditional accounting has a center. For example, in a bank, when you withdraw money from a bank deposit or lend money to others through the bank, the bank is the center, and all these transactions are based on the bank's credit. What if the bank cheats? Or is it more serious, is the country cheating? The Kuomintang's indiscriminate issuance of gold yuan coupons at the end of its rule in mainland China, as well as the hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and Zimbabwe, which made the currency less valuable than toilet paper, are very famous examples.

Golden Yuan Coupons

This is the problem that blockchain is aimed at. They believe that decentralized accounting is non-modifiable and non-repudiable. How to achieve decentralized accounting? The basic idea is that all users store all transaction records, making it very difficult to illegally modify the ledger through mathematical methods. In this way, the reliability of the ledger is guaranteed.

Specifically, all users exhaustively enumerate random number variables, and the first user to obtain a specific required hash function value (Hash) will have the right to record this round of transactions and obtain the corresponding Bitcoins award. It is transmitted in the form of data blocks, and the data blocks are connected into a chain by appending at the end, so it is called a block chain.

After listening to the introduction, you may feel that this idea is interesting, but it is not as exciting or revolutionary as advertised. Your feeling is right. In fact, the basic logic of blockchain has some unavoidable problems.

For example, the current size of the complete Bitcoin public ledger has exceeded 150 G, and is rapidly increasing at a rate of tens of G per year - just to support 5 million users and 30 million transactions per year. If its processing volume is one day comparable to that of Alipay, the size of the Bitcoin ledger will increase by more than 500 terabytes per year. This is equivalent to backing up the Alipay server's storage data on all users' personal computers. Do you think this is a good idea?

For another example, in the traditional banking system, if you lose your password, it is no big deal. Just report it to the system in time, and your wealth will not disappear. But in the blockchain system, if you lose your password, it will be a huge trouble, and your currency will not be recovered. Not happy? Is it surprising?

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system

In layman’s terms, it is playing mahjong. Four people can take turns to be the banker, and each other can shoot four people. They all have their own ledger records, but if you want to modify the ledger, you must have more than 50% of the modification rights, so the cost of cheating on the ledger is very high.

In the future, blockchain will be used moreThe financial aspect can combat money laundering and fraud, because all information can be traced, and the cultural aspect can be used for copyright protection, etc.

I have read many people’s explanations of blockchain These are all official words, and some of them may not even be clear to the person explaining them. I will use vernacular to explain the blockchain below to ensure that everyone can understand it.

What is blockchain? Let me give an analogy. In 50 years, you can buy an electric fan from the supermarket. This electric fan will automatically mine coins for you when it is blowing. You can mine coins automatically while using the electric fan. When you use this electric fan, When the fan breaks down, you can use the mined coins to repair the electric fan. Of course, you can also use the mined coins to buy a new electric fan. Many people think wrongly! Wouldn’t the profits of merchants be less? Let me tell you about a certain brand. When the products of this brand are sold to you, the products themselves may even be sold to you at a loss. However, once the number of users becomes large and the users become more sticky, they can be paid through membership fees or service fees. Such small fees or other ways to make profits. Just like this, the mined coins can be purchased and repaired. Although the merchant's profit may be reduced, the merchant has gained more users and greater user stickiness. By this time, it only takes a minute for the merchant to make money.

And the electric fan you bought is equivalent to winding it up for you. What is winding up? If you put your electric fan on the street now, and 10 people come to snatch it, you have no way to prove that the ownership of this electric fan is yours. Once you put it on the chain, it is equivalent to being tied to you. Once it’s settled, you can prove it.

Therefore, the essence of blockchain is to help make people’s lives more convenient. It is equivalent to upgrading on the basis of the Internet, making it safer and more convenient. This is blockchain! It's that simple.

The security of the blockchain is reflected in its irreversibility and the data cannot be tampered with. We all know that in today's society, any data can be modified and conquered by hackers, but the data in the blockchain is impossible to change. Once generated, it cannot be modified unless all users in the blockchain work together. Agree to modify the data, but this is unlikely to happen.

At present, the blockchain is still very immature, just like the Internet bubble burst in 2000. When the bubble bursts, a truly valuable blockchain Internet will be hatched. company.

The wheel of history will not go backwards. Many people are unwilling to accept blockchain. Just like telling you that you can shop online 20 years ago, this is the same ridiculous thing. Time will eventually prove it. .

1. The main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to the areaThe blockchain can also be read from, so it's a database.

2. Anyone can set up a server, join the blockchain network and become a node. In the world of blockchain, there is no central node. Every node is equal and stores the entire database. You can write/read data to any node, because all nodes will eventually be synchronized to ensure that the blockchain is consistent.

3. Everyone works on the same blockchain, everyone publicly shares the current state of the blockchain, everyone agrees on the rules for new data submission and tampering with the blockchain is prohibited. It is difficult to operate in terms of computing power.

If we assume that the database is a ledger, reading and writing the database is an accounting behavior:

Anyone can verify this public ledger, but there is no single The user can control it. Participants in the blockchain system will jointly maintain the update of the ledger: it can only be modified according to strict rules and consensus, and there is a very exquisite design behind this.

(1) Accounting, the system will find the person with the fastest and best accounting within a period of time, let this person do the accounting, and then broadcast the information on this page of the account book to everyone else on the entire network. node, which is equivalent to changing the database record; (consensus mechanism, cryptography)

(2) Verification, other valid nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting, and stamp the time Stamp to confirm that the block is legal; (timestamp, mathematics)

(3) Form a single chain, that is, compete for the next block after the previous legal block; (smart contract, encryption technology)

p>

(4) Storage, the account book is stored in blocks. As transactions increase, new data blocks will be appended to the existing chain to form a chain structure; (distributed structure, information technology) < /p>

(5) Backup, every participating trader is a node of the block network, and each node has a complete backup of the public account book, which is a distributed ledger.

Features

1. The blockchain has no administrator and is completely centerless. It is precisely because it cannot be managed that the blockchain cannot be controlled. Without an administrator, everyone can write data into it. In order to ensure the trustworthiness of the data: the technology of blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with the data once it is written.

2. Close to zero trust cost.

The cycle time required for Internet companies to build their credit is extremely long. For example, Taobao often takes several years to build its credit. In the blockchain, everyone trusts the code, algorithm and rules, so the cost of trust is extremely low.

3. The marginal cost of constructing and trading assets approaches zero.

If traditional assets are to be used for trading, they need to rely heavily on third parties, such as investment banks, banks, securities firms, etc., for packaging, endorsement, etc., and the fees and gates are high.The threshold is extremely high. With blockchain, these will not be a problem, and the cost is extremely low.

The value transfer attribute of the blockchain also naturally solves the payment problem, and has the genes to support global payments.

Blockchain, simply put, is the underlying technology that supports ICO (virtual currency). The popular Bitcoin is an application of ICO. In other words, the connotation of blockchain is richer, and its main features are:

1. Blockchain is equivalent to digital trust. Both parties to the transaction can independently enter into digital contracts, and companies providing blockchain services are equivalent to Digital trust company;

2. The purpose and characteristics of blockchain are "3 de-intermediaries" - de-intermediation, de-currency, de-sovereignty; yes

3. Bitcoin is An application of blockchain, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, and all blockchains apply digital encryption technology;

4. The "3 Go" feature is targeted at the financial industry, and only when high frequency is required Blockchain is only needed in the financial field of transactions;

5. Large platforms with a user base are more suitable for applying blockchain, and small companies’ participation is of little value, so Zuckerberg’s 2018 New Year’s wish includes To study digital cryptocurrency. Kodak also launched a digital currency, sending its stock price soaring.

Furthermore, when it comes to Bitcoin, it can be cashed out and exchanged into the currencies of most countries. Users can use Bitcoin to purchase some virtual items, and they can also use Bitcoin to purchase real-life items. In this sense, Bitcoin is similar to the world's currency, close to gold.

Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and an early investor in Facebook, believes that Bitcoin is "undervalued" by people and compares it to gold. He said: "If one day Bitcoin becomes the online equivalent of gold, then it will have room for appreciation."

But on January 3, the "People's Daily" published an article saying, "Whether it is from The increase can still be seen from the value of the currency itself. There is a bubble in the price of Bitcoin. This is an issue that needs no discussion." Data show that in the past 2017, Bitcoin has skyrocketed and plummeted: within a year, the price skyrocketed about 20 times, and in one day It fell more than 40% within the period.

Indeed, Bitcoin has risks. However, blockchain with richer connotations obviously still has greater room for development.

Last night, screenshots of Xu Xiaoping, founder of ZhenFund, encouraging the embrace of the blockchain revolution in an internal group were posted online. In his view, the blockchain revolution has indeed arrived. “I strongly encourage everyone internally to embrace the blockchain revolution and learn blockchain technology. This is my understanding after long-term observation and thinking. I feel responsible to tell our entrepreneurs. I don’t want my understanding of blockchain views have been misunderstood as views on ICOs."

NoHowever, in the context of Internet companies and investment institutions collectively entering the market, the government will definitely take measures.

Recently, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has expressed concerns about this and shelved the proposal of two U.S. companies to launch a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).

In fact, this is only a matter of time. Because the "three-go" feature of blockchain is inherently contradictory to government centralization.

4. How to eat headless red shrimp

Headless red shrimp is a kind of shrimp. This kind of shrimp is actually different from ordinary shrimp. What's the difference, so their cooking methods are also similar. Headless red shrimp has a certain nutritional value, and its appearance is different from ordinary shrimps. There are also many ways to cook this kind of shrimp. Yes, but many people don’t know how to make it, so how to make nipple red shrimp delicious?

Argentine red shrimp is a wild shrimp in the southern waters of Argentina. It is red, rich in nutrients, rich in iron, Vitamin B12, protein and other elements, because it is a wild deep-sea shrimp, and the whole body is red, compared to domestic shrimp, both appearance and meat quality can be praised by the public.

Argentinian red shrimp has a higher proportion of shrimp heads than whole shrimps, so it is suitable for placing whole shrimps on the plate, but is not suitable for cooking shrimps such as slicing shrimps into segments.

Garlic shrimp
Ingredients: red prawns, red bell peppers, chives, garlic, oil, Maggi soy sauce, cooking wine, sugar, salt, pepper, chicken essence.
Method: 1. Wash the prawns. The back of the shrimp should be cut open with a knife first, remove the shrimp lines (that is, the shrimp intestines), and then marinate with cooking wine and an appropriate amount of salt and pepper (more than half an hour is best). You can also add chicken essence to marinate together;
2. Hongcai Cut the pepper into small pieces, mince the chives, and mince the garlic;
3. Make oil in the pot and stir-fry the minced garlic;
4. Pour out the oil and minced garlic, add cooking wine, soy sauce, and salt , chicken essence, and sugar to make a juice with a ratio of 6:4:1:2:1:1;
5. Add the prepared juice and a few red peppercorns and pour it on the surface of the shrimp;
6. Arrange Plate and boil water in a pot (add the shrimp after the water is boiling) and steam for two minutes, remove from the pot and sprinkle with chives.
Tips 1. Use the tip of a knife to cut off the shrimp tendons to prevent the shrimp from curling when heated;
2. Use medium heat to steam the pot, and then reduce the heat to low after the pot is boiled to prevent the shrimp from getting old;
3. The steaming time should not exceed three minutes after opening the pot, otherwise the shrimp will become old.
Food value: Argentinian red shrimps have thin shells and large flesh, and are delicious and nutritious. Shrimp has high therapeutic value and can enhance the body's immunity.
It has a natural pink shrimp shell, which better retains the original flavor of the shrimp. It is rich in protein and a variety of nutrients. The meat is tender, soft and delicious, and it has other advantages when frozen at sea. Freshness unmatched by similar products.

5. Will I be fined for beautifying my driver’s license photo?

No.
Now our first choice for travelThe means of transportation is the car. Whether going out for fun or going to work, the car is the best means of transportation for people. Lifestyles are changing, more and more people are taking driver's license exams, and there are more and more cars on the road. Therefore, the traffic control department is now very strict about car violations, especially those who drive without a license, and the consequences are very serious. But some friends will ask what if they just forget to bring their driver's license? Does this count as driving without a license? Will he be punished? The traffic police said: If you don’t have your driver’s license, it’s fine as long as you show this.
Sometimes we forget to bring our driver's license when driving. For example, we forget to take it when changing clothes or a bag, and then we go out in a hurry. Halfway through the drive, we suddenly remember that we don't have our driver's license. If you see the traffic police checking the car at this time, you will definitely feel panicked. Don’t be afraid if you can produce these valid documents, you may not be punished. The formal and valid documents in our country include ID card, passport, military officer's ID card, driver's license or driving license, etc. Nowadays, the Internet is very developed, and a lot of information can be found online. If you forget to bring your driver's license, as long as you provide valid documents, the traffic police can check whether you have a driver's license through system query.

We all know that a driver’s license has a main page and a back page. Some friends think that the main job is more important and the back page is not that important. This is a wrong idea. The back pages are equally important. Without the back pages, it is not a complete driver’s license. Nowadays, incomplete documents will be considered invalid, so everyone must keep their driver's license.

In addition, I can teach you a method. If you feel that you often forget to bring your driver's license and do not want to put it in the car for fear of being stolen, then you can take a photo on your mobile phone. If you encounter a traffic policeman checking the car, If you forgot to bring it again, you can show the photo to the traffic police. Generally, the traffic police can confirm that you really have a driver's license, and they won't care too much. At most, they will just educate you to remember to bring it with you next time. If you encounter a relatively strict traffic policeman, you must not conflict with him. After all, you forgot to bring your driver's license, and you are not driving without a license. You will only be deducted one point and fined at most. However, I would like to remind everyone that no matter what, we should not take any chances. Remember to check whether you have brought your driver's license when you go out, so as to ensure that everything is safe. What do you think?

The full name of a driving license is a motor vehicle driving license, also known as a driver's license. It is a license that motor vehicle drivers need to apply for in accordance with the law. Driving a motor vehicle requires certain driving skills. If you lack such skills and drive a motor vehicle at will, you may cause a traffic accident. Most people cannot drive on the road without a license. For a person who has developed safe driving skills to drive a vehicle on the road, such a permitted document is a driver's license. This shows that a driver's license is a proof of permission, and permission to drive a vehicle is achieved through the issuance of a driver's license. This shows that obtaining a driver's license is an act with a certain format and must be issued by a specialized agency. The driver's license will not participate in the annual review during the 6-year validity period. Drivers should go to the traffic police branch to renew their license within 90 days before the expiration date.
Our country’s definition of driver’s license is: A motor vehicle driving license refers to a person who is allowed by law to learn to drive a motor vehicle. After learning, mastering the knowledge of traffic regulations and driving skills, and passing the examination by the management department, a legal certificate is issued to allow driving of a certain type of motor vehicle. If a motor vehicle driver fails to score 12 points in each scoring period during the six-year validity period of his motor vehicle driving license, he shall be issued a motor vehicle driving license valid for ten years; If 12 points are not recorded in each scoring period, a long-term valid motor vehicle driving license will be issued. (Pictures/Text/Photos: Chen Miaoling, Pacific Automotive Network)
"This article has been copyrighted through blockchain technology. Any form of adaptation and plagiarism is prohibited. Violators will be held legally responsible."
If you want to drive on the road, you must If you have a driver's license, every friend who has obtained a driver's license must have a sad history of taking the driver's license, and the moment you get the driver's license, you will be extremely happy. Moreover, people who have obtained a driver's license will particularly hope that they can drive on the road, but due to lack of practical experience, they need to pay attention to many driving details. For example, when driving on the road, you must have a driving license in the car and a driver's license with you. Many friends will put their driver's license directly in their wallet.