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Ⅰ How can blockchain technology be correctly applied to the financial industry

Looking back to 2008, blockchain technology has demonstrated the changes it can bring in different business fields. . Although this technology is still in its infancy, it has already changed many industries. Various properties of blockchain, such as decentralization, immutability, and transparency, can transform business models. Especially for the banking and finance industry.

Although there are still many problems, blockchain has the potential to reduce costs and labor for the financial and banking industries. According to a Deloitte report, 24% of financial institutions around the world are familiar with blockchain technology, and North America will be more familiar with these technologies than other places. Considering the broad applicability of this technology, companies are gradually looking for different areas where blockchain can be applied.

Especially in the banking and finance industry, hundreds of funds are moving from one end of the world to the other every day. This makes the global financial system one of the industries that can profit from blockchain applications. The banking and financial industry requires a lot of manual labor. If there are any errors at this time, it will have a great impact on the financial system. According to the Global Fintech Report, in 2017, 77% of Fintech institutions hoped to use blockchain as a financial production system by 2020.

Application of blockchain in banking industry

For a basic understanding of blockchain technology and operation methods, the real question in your mind may be: Is blockchain really Can the land be applied in the banking industry? If so, how can we best leverage blockchain technology? And, most importantly, will blockchain stay where it is or move forward?

According to a report from Harvard Business School, blockchain is now to the banking industry what the Internet is to the media. Blockchain can solve many problems in the banking and financial industry. Blockchain technology has all the characteristics that reliable technology should have, including financial-related businesses.

Blockchain can provide a high level of security, especially when it comes to exchanging data, information and money. At the same time, this also allows users to take advantage of a transparent network architecture with very low operating costs, and at the same time, get decentralized help. These characteristics will make blockchain a very stable, reliable and popular solution for the banking and financial industry.

If financial institutions want to ensure the safety of funds, they need many intermediaries. Yet these intermediaries make the entire industry more expensive. And, because there are so many people involved in the process, the chances of errors increasing. Blockchain technology can ensure the security of transfers, while also providing users with a better experience and lower costs.

Cases of banks using blockchain technology

Although banks and financial institutions were still skeptical about blockchain technology in the early days, things have changed now. With the success of blockchain in many fields, the banking industry is looking for new areas and applications of blockchain.

Some large companies, such as JP Morgan, are confident about the future development of blockchain. The U.S. investment bank headquarters has also begun research and implementation of blockchain technology. The Quorum project is an enterprise distributed ledger and smart contract platform that can support fast transfers and throughput to solve problems in the financial industry, banks, etc. According to current news, they have issued annuity certificates with different interest rates based on distributed registries.

In addition to these, major US banks have obtained patent certificates issued by the US Patent Office. The document talks about the deployment of permissioned blockchains to ensure the security of records and to authenticate corporate and personal data.

This system will allow certified members to obtain data and record all individual members. In addition, the system will use blockchain technology to integrate multiple existing data storage platforms. This secure single network will provide overall efficiency while also reducing the number of addresses where user data is stored.

Another institution is Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs is also actively integrating into the research of distributed registration technology. In order to serve startups in the blockchain industry and solve the volatility of digital currencies, Goldman Sachs has invested in digital currency projects.

Goldman Sachs Group aims to become Wall Street’s leader in digital currencies. Setting up their own digital currency transactions can help them manage digital transactions well.

Cases of using blockchain technology in finance

As more application cases emerge, blockchain technology has the potential to change the current financial and banking industry. This technology can change the current banking industry through the following points:

Reduce fraud

In any financial-related project, there will be fraud. In addition, from the most basic financial model point of view, security is also the most important. More than 40% of financial entities and intermediaries, such as stock exchanges, suffer significant losses every year due to financial theft incidents.

Centralized database systems are used for financial management and operations. However, centralized databases are easy to be invaded. If there is a problem at a single point, a cyber attack will occur. Once a hacker gains access to such a system, it is easy to steal funds. This will create a need for more secure systems, with adequate security guarantees to prevent such attacks.

Since the blockchain is distributed, it is impossible toSingle point of destruction. Each transfer stored in the form of blocks will be protected by an encryption mechanism and is difficult to be attacked.

Moreover, all blocks are connected to each other. Due to the mechanism of this connection, if a block is changed, all other blocks on the blockchain will immediately reflect the change. Therefore, this will help track the intrusion while also giving the hacker no chance to make changes to the entire system. With a secure blockchain system, we can prevent cyberattacks and now attacks on the banking and financial industry.

Customer identity verification Banks and financial institutions are very worried about this, so they must perform AML and KYC to reduce losses. All these processes take a lot of time, and all banks and financial institutions need to conduct all verifications independently.

According to investigation reports, this type of process costs between US$6 million and US$50 million every year. Some customer due diligence is to reduce money laundering and attacks. Currently, banks need to upload customers' KYC data to a centralized registration agency, which is used to verify the information of old or new customers.

With the application of the blockchain system, the customer verification of each bank or financial institution can also be used by other banks, and these KYC verifications do not need to be performed multiple times.

In other words, through blockchain technology, a lot of duplication of work can be eliminated. Moreover, in the not-too-distant future, all financial institutions will have access to updated customer information, reducing costs for administrators and management agencies.

Smart Assets

Trade finance becomes difficult when all assets need to be recorded with clear date and time stamps. The global supply chain includes many institutions and individuals, and participants are constantly conducting transactions. The documentation here is more complex. Blockchain can store records of these smart assets in digital form. The smart asset system will not only move items, but also track the trajectory of items.

Intelligent asset tracking systems for banks and financial institutions are also now facing a lot of competition. Banks with rich data can turn this data into customer value through blockchain.

Smart Contracts

The application of smart contracts can prove the importance of the banking and financial industry. Smart contracts are codes that can execute themselves when certain conditions are met.

When using financial transfers, smart contracts are very helpful to increase speed and simplify complex processes. Only when the conditions in the code are met, the contract will be executed and the transfer information will be ensured to be very accurate. Furthermore, since these terms are open to everyoneis visible, the probability of errors will drop a lot.

Trade Finance

Trade finance is considered to be one of the most useful applications of blockchain technology in the banking industry. All parties involved, such as complex transfers, can be recorded on the blockchain network, and traders and banks share this information through a common ledger. Once a certain condition is met, the smart contract will run automatically and relevant parties can see all actions that occur.

According to relevant news, some start-ups have successfully conducted blockchain-based transaction transfers. This process usually takes 7-10 days, but now it only takes 4 hours. Compared with current infrastructure, using blockchain can significantly reduce the generation of certificates, tickets, and other fees.

Why does the banking industry need blockchain?

1. The current banking system is highly dependent on paper documents and current systems. Trustworthy and stable system upgrades are now needed to prevent any fraud and solve expansion and security issues. Blockchain technology and its decentralized nature can give the banking system the high-end technology it is looking for.

2. Banks cannot operate independently, and many transfers now go through intermediaries. Cross-border transfers take 5 days and involve many risks. Through the blockchain system, banks can make transfers very fast without taking any risks. The banks themselves are enough to solve these problems.

3. The world is moving towards digitalization. The speed of economic development is also gradually increasing, and there is no doubt that this speed will be faster. Blockchain technology will make small-amount transfers faster, while ensuring lower fees and transfer scalability.

4. In addition to banks, financial service companies are gradually using the latest technology to reform their systems and ensure market security by providing reliable services and lower rates. Banks and other financial institutions should embrace new blockchain technologies to make their ecosystems secure.

There are still many challenges to the integration of blockchain technology

Blockchain technology certainly has its advantages, but it also contains many challenges, especially for the financial and banking industries. of institutions.

Interoperability: Blockchain technology will not be bound by any international regulations, so there are no standards. As large industries, such as banks, increase their interactivity requirements, blockchain needs to be compatible with different systems and be accepted by the public. The integration of existing systems and blockchain is a very big challenge for the current system, because the existing system cannot be completely replaced. If blockchain technology could allow multiple systems to work perfectly togetheroperation, then the operational feasibility can be fully satisfied.

Privacy: The endorsement of banks and financial institutions is the trust people place in depositing funds into them. If you want blockchain to replace them, it is important to ensure that the data stored in the blockchain is stored securely and does not change anyone's identity. Since transfer information is conducted publicly on the blockchain, private chains also need to be studied, which will also help solve interactivity issues.

Encryption: Private keys are a necessary element of the blockchain system because they play a very important role in ensuring personal data on the blockchain. However, once the private key is obtained, it must be stored very securely because if lost, there is no way to get it back. Moreover, there are loopholes in the encryption method used to store data, which also makes the blockchain easily vulnerable to hackers.

Security: The blockchain network is safe and reliable because it incorporates encryption technology. In order to prevent hacker attacks, any encryption performance in this type of system requires a lot of computing power. . When a blockchain network is used in any banking institution, it must be encrypted through multiple security protocols. The network needs to have enough computing power to prevent anyone from taking control except under specific access permissions. Depending on these requirements, such systems or institutions integrated into blockchain can be permissioned or permissionless. People within these organizations need to be able to handle different levels of access permissions to save the entire network from fraud and cyber attackers.

Scalability: The growth of existing data is undeniable. As the population grows, so does the size of the database. This will bring great challenges to the application of blockchain. Networks created through blockchain should be able to handle increasing traffic while also maintaining the speed of network participants. If blockchain technology can be applied to current banking systems and institutions, it must be able to guarantee the ability to handle these data flows.

Energy consumption: Most blockchain networks are based on a proof-of-work mechanism, where network participants are rewarded based on how quickly they solve problems, which is also based on how quickly they solve problems. This puts new blocks into the network. This allows the entire network to operate stably while also increasing energy consumption. This type of computing power consumes a lot of electricity and has an impact on the environment. These issues need to be addressed through other incentive mechanisms before blockchain technology can be embraced.

Legal supervision: If blockchain is applied to the banking industry, international regulatory regulations are very necessary. Now, as the most popular application of blockchain, digital currency has no regulatory regulations, which has pros and cons. However, if blockchain is applied in the banking and financial industry, then regulation will be needed to prevent people from causing trouble due to losses.

Conclusion

Although regulations are very strict for the banking industry, financial institutions have also begun their journey to adopt blockchain technology as a solution. Banking giants have begun testing to find potential uses for decentralized technology.

Institutions are investing heavily in research into blockchain solutions. By allowing blockchain to enter the current industry, many problems will be solved. Because this technology makes the system more transparent, reliable, and easy to use.

Ⅱ What is blockchain technology and how does it change business and financial models

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology that allows Multiple participants work together on a decentralized network to maintain a secure, transparent and immutable record. Blockchain technology was originally designed for the digital currency Bitcoin, but is now widely used in many other fields.

The core features of blockchain technology include:

Decentralization: Blockchain has no central control agency, and data is distributed on various nodes in the network, which makes it decentralized. The centralization feature reduces the risk of single points of failure.

Transparency: Transaction records on the blockchain are public to all participants, and anyone can view these records. This helps increase trust and reduce the risk of fraud.

Immutable: Once a transaction is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be easily modified or deleted. This guarantees data integrity and security.

Smart contracts: Transactions on the blockchain can be automatically executed to implement "smart contracts", which automatically execute corresponding operations when specific conditions are met. This helps simplify complex business processes and reduce costs.

Blockchain technology has had a profound impact on business and financial models, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Reducing costs: Blockchain technology can reduce intermediary links and reduce costs. Transaction costs and operating costs. For example, by adopting blockchain for cross-border payments, remittance fees can be significantly reduced.

Improving efficiency: The automation and smart contract features of blockchain technology help improve the efficiency of business processes, reduce manual intervention, and reduce error rates.

Enhance trust: The transparency and non-tamperability of blockchain technology help to establish a reliable trust system, reduce the risk of fraud, and provide better protection for commercial activities.

Innovative business models: Blockchain technology has spawned many new business models, such as decentralized finance (DeFi), digital asset trading, supply chain finance, etc. These new business models have brought disruptive changes to existing industries.

In short, blockchain technology, as an emerging technical means, is gradually changing the landscape of business and finance. With the continuous development of technology and the in-depth promotion of applications, blockchain is expected to have a more extensive and far-reaching impact in the future

Ⅲ What do you think about blockchain?What problems can technology solve in accounting?

Blockchain technology uses computers to answer some propositions that cannot be calculated by the human brain. Generally, these propositions cannot be judged through inference and can only be determined one number at a time. Try, so this is our legendary mining. Therefore, the stronger the computing power of the computer, the easier it is to try the correct number, which means that our mining is successful.
This is completely different from the calculations in accounting. Most of the calculations in accounting use floating point calculations, which are completely different things.

IV Application aspects of blockchain

The main application scope of blockchain includes: digital currency, transaction settlement of financial assets, digital government affairs, certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services and other fields. Blockchain is a database technology that links data blocks in an orderly manner. Each block is responsible for recording a file data and encrypting it to ensure that the data cannot be modified or forged.

Blockchain is essentially a distributed database system that uses cryptography technology for multi-party participation, joint maintenance, and continuous growth. It is also called a distributed shared ledger. Each page in the shared ledger is a block, and each block is filled with transaction records. The anonymity, decentralization, openness, transparency, and non-tamperability of blockchain technology make it highly favored by enterprises and has gained More extensive application attempts.

Blockchain application scope 1. Financial field

Blockchain can provide a trust mechanism and has the potential to change the financial infrastructure. Various financial assets such as equity, bonds, bills, warehouse receipts, fund shares, etc. It can be integrated into the blockchain technology system and become a digital asset on the chain, which can be stored, transferred and traded on the blockchain.

The decentralization of blockchain technology can reduce transaction costs and make financial transactions more convenient, intuitive and secure. The combination of blockchain technology and the financial industry will inevitably create more and more business models, service scenarios, business processes and financial products, thereby bringing more impact to the development of financial markets, financial institutions, financial services and financial formats. . With the improvement of blockchain technology and the combination of blockchain technology with other financial technologies, blockchain technology will gradually adapt to the application of large-scale financial scenarios.

2. Public service field

Traditional public services rely on limited data dimensions, and the information obtained may not be comprehensive enough and have a certain lag. The non-tamperable nature of the blockchain makes the digital certification on the chain highly credible. It can be used to establish new authentication mechanisms in the fields of property rights, notarization and public welfare, and improve the management level of public services.

Relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, fundraising details, fund flows, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain to meet the privacy protection of project participants and other relevant laws and regulations. Under the premise of requirements, public disclosure will be made conditionally to facilitate public and social supervision.

3. Information security field

Using the traceability and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain, we can ensure the authenticity of the data source and ensure the non-forgery of the data. BlockchainTechnology will fundamentally change the security issues of information dissemination paths.

Blockchain is reflected in the following three points in the field of information security:

User identity authentication protects data integrity and effectively prevents DDoS attacks

The distributed storage architecture of blockchain will make Hackers are at a loss as to what to do. Some companies have begun to develop a distributed Internet domain name system based on blockchain to eliminate the root cause of the current DNS registration shortcomings and make the network system cleaner and more transparent.

4. Internet of Things field

Blockchain + Internet of Things can allow each device on the Internet of Things to operate independently, and the information generated by the entire network can be protected through smart contracts in the blockchain.

Security: Traditional IoT devices are highly vulnerable to attacks, data loss and maintenance costs are high. Typical information security risk issues for IoT devices include low firmware versions, lack of security patches, permission loopholes, too many device network ports, and unencrypted information transmission. The blockchain's consensus mechanism for network-wide node verification, asymmetric encryption technology and distributed data storage will significantly reduce the risk of hacker attacks.

Trustability: The traditional Internet of Things is managed and controlled by a centralized cloud server. Due to the security of the device and the opacity of the centralized server, it is difficult to effectively protect user privacy data. The blockchain is a distributed account book. Each block is interconnected and has its own independent working ability, ensuring that the information on the chain will not be tampered with at will. Distributed ledgers can therefore provide trust, ownership records, transparency and communication support for the Internet of Things.

Effectiveness: Limited by cloud services and maintenance costs, the Internet of Things is difficult to achieve large-scale commercial use. The traditional Internet of Things realizes communication between things through centralized cloud servers. The disadvantage of this model is that as the number of access devices increases, the server faces more load, requiring enterprises to invest a lot of money to maintain the normal operation of the IoT system.

Blockchain technology can directly realize point-to-point transactions, omitting the labor expenditure of other intermediaries or personnel, which can effectively reduce the costs incurred by third-party services and maximize benefits.

5. Supply chain field

The supply chain consists of many participating entities, with a large amount of interaction and collaboration. Information is discretely stored in their own systems, lacking transparency. The lack of smooth information makes it difficult for various participating entities to accurately understand the real-time status and existing problems of related matters, affecting the collaborative efficiency of the supply chain. When disputes arise between parties, it is time-consuming and laborious to provide evidence and pursue accountability.

Blockchain can make data open and transparent among various entities, thereby forming a complete, smooth, and non-tamperable information flow throughout the entire supply chain. This can ensure that all entities promptly discover problems arising during the operation of the supply chain system and find targeted solutions, thus improving the overall efficiency of supply chain management.

6. Automotive Industry

Last year announced a partnership using blockchain to build a proof of concept to streamline the car rental process and build it into a “click, sign up, and drive” process for future customers to choose themThe car you want to rent enters the public ledger of the blockchain; then, sitting in the driver's seat, the customer signs the rental agreement and insurance policy, and the blockchain updates the information simultaneously. It’s not just imagination, this type of process could become a reality for car sales and car registrations as well.

7. Stock Trading

For many years, many companies have worked to make the process of buying, selling, and trading stocks easier. Emerging blockchain startups believe that blockchain technology can make this process more secure and automated than any previous solution. At the same time, blockchain startup Chain is working with Nasdaq to achieve this through blockchain. Equity transfer of private companies

8. Government management

Government information, project bidding and other information are open and transparent. Government work is usually subject to public attention and supervision, because blockchain technology can ensure the transparency and immutability of information. , which plays a great role in the implementation of transparent government management. There is a certain degree of information opacity in government project bidding, and companies also have the risk of information leakage during the sealed bidding process. Blockchain can ensure that bidding information cannot be tampered with, and can ensure the transparency of information, forming a shared trust among competitors who do not trust each other. And it can arrange subsequent smart contracts through the blockchain to ensure the construction progress of the project and prevent the growth of corruption to a certain extent.

There are many more applications of blockchain technology, and this is just a fulcrum of blockchain applications. In the future, blockchain technology will be applied everywhere

IV How can blockchain technology be reasonably applied in the accounting field

Newton’s industry application
1) Chain merchant retail: Under the corporate organizational structure, capital income has far exceeded labor income. With the development of computers and the Internet, the new generation of giant retail institutions has accelerated the accumulation of wealth in capital. Chain merchants are the basic business model of the human-machine community, and any behavior that makes a positive contribution to the human-machine community will be incentivized. The application of the chain merchant model in the retail industry is beneficial to reducing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy, and promoting intelligent collaboration.
newmall: In the NewMall online mall, since there is no profitable commercial intermediary, sellers’ transaction costs will drop significantly. Participants such as consumers and service providers can obtain Newton tokens based on their contribution value (NewForce). excitation.
New digital asset management: Consumption data, as a new digital asset for users, can be managed through tools such as NewPay. Users truly own the data and can perform authorization control, pricing and charging, etc. to prevent uninformed data leakage.
Targeted Advertising: Users can use tools such as NewPay to set whether to accept marketing, as well as the type of information required, price range, etc. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including: target users, incentive models, settlement methods, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can place ads accurately,Perform peer-to-peer settlement with users to eliminate advertising fraud.
2) Payment: Current payment costs are high, efficiency is low, and flexibility is poor. Through technologies such as blockchain, a new generation of transaction and payment systems can be built. Internet of Things devices based on NewIoT technology can be connected to NewChain at very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to achieve automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario.
Global payment: Through the NewChain infrastructure and NewPay payment tools distributed around the world, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the fees are extremely low.
3) Supply chain: Goods usually go through many links such as logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales, etc., and are finally delivered to consumers. When after-sales service occurs, there will also be corresponding reverse processes. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin and circulation information of goods. This is a big problem for some industries, such as food, medicine, and luxury goods. Therefore, a supply chain system that is open, transparent and credible to all stakeholders is very important.
Through the combination of atomic hashing, NewIOT, NewChain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, while generating more business innovations.
4) Self-finance: The traditional financial service system has a large audit workload, long cycle, high cost, and poor flexibility. It is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals. Through digital identity and credit, a new self-financing system can be established.
Enterprise and individual credit reporting: Enterprises and individuals establish a consistent credit system based on NewID. Only with authorization can third parties obtain credit records.
Asset tokenization: Through smart contract templates, financial organizations can create financial products without human involvement. Through related token tools based on NewChain, various assets can be easily valued with tokens or converted into tokens and put on the chain.
5) Gaming: By combining with blockchain technology, a new gaming experience can be created: the user is both a player and a participant in the rules, and virtual game assets are owned by the user.
Automatic trading of virtual game assets: Through the cross-chain and oracle technology provided by NewChain, virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, enabling automated transactions.
Games with transparent rules: Game developers can easily use NewChain related smart contract tools to establish algorithmically transparent game logic to improve the fairness and transparency of the game.
6) Agriculture: In current agriculture, there are common problems such as incomplete data and low degree of automation. Blockchain combined with Internet of Things technology can automatically collect, store, and analyze production data, eliminating the high maintenance costs of centralized management systems, reducing later maintenance costs, and helping to improve the intelligence and scale of agriculture.
Agricultural product traceability: introducing IoT devices compatible with NewIoT standards into agricultural suppliesCirculation, agricultural production, agricultural product sales and other processes improve the safety and efficiency of the entire agricultural production process. Due to the non-tampering characteristics of production data, it can be widely used for scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes.
Intelligent planting: Through the Internet of Things sensors compatible with the NewIoT standard, all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth can be achieved. Combined with NewAI to make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, a complete intelligent planting system has been built to enable timely detection. risks, stable production and increased income.
7) Public welfare: Blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field due to its decentralization, high transparency, and non-tamperable information. Charitable organizations can store the entire process information from donation collection, project progress, donation use, recipient feedback, etc. on NewChain for easy viewing by donors and the public.
Public welfare audit: Public welfare activities require public welfare auditing to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through technologies and protocols such as NewChain and NewID, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare organizations can use relevant tools to track the subsequent status of aid recipients, which will help enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare.
Wildlife protection: Using NewIoT technology, rare wildlife resource data can be recorded on NewChain, so that the location and body indicators of each specific animal can be tracked, providing information for migration scientific research and combating poaching and trafficking. Key information help.

VI Title With the help of big data and blockchain, what do you think the future development model of the accounting information system should be?

The connection with other subsystems will be strengthened to manage information to the enterprise. The system moves closer.
With the development of computer technology, big data and blockchain, two of the most eye-catching cutting-edge technologies nowadays, are gradually being applied in practice. As one of the indispensable professions in any industry, accounting is bound to be affected by these two emerging technologies. Big data technology has caused an explosive growth in the quantity of accounting information, and the birth of blockchain technology has improved the accuracy of information. Therefore, the accounting profession will usher in new developments in breadth and accuracy.
With the emergence of paperless accounting, accounting computerization is widely used in various enterprise management and settlement services. Kingdee UFIDA and other similar software came into being. By setting login identities and permissions, and directly entering relevant transaction capital business and other matters on the network management platform, work efficiency is greatly improved. The computerized accounting software uses a large and stable database, and the financial system is constructed in a modular manner to build the entire system, making accounting more standardized and improving the management level of the enterprise. At the same time, ERP systems also have many shortcomings. However, the upgrading of accounting software is far behind the innovation of computing and computer systems, and the stagnation of accounting software development has largely restricted the further development of the entire financial accounting industry. Second, employees must log in to the accounting information system through encrypted login methods. However, it is still unavoidable that some criminals can steal the operator's login password to conduct illegal operations and forge accounting data, which lacks authenticity.Current operation log monitoring cannot effectively prevent this behavior. Third, the professional module processing is not targeted and the operation is too cumbersome. The query and inventory are rough and prone to errors and omissions. Fourth, the calculation method of cost, depreciation and depreciation apportionment is accurate in calculation but in fact the method is extensive and the workload is large. Whether it is manual accounting or computerized accounting, the inability to obtain relatively accurate product costs in a timely manner has not solved the problem of data.

Ⅶ The practical significance of blockchain design for hospital intelligent financial systems

1. Promote financial system integration. At this stage, financial management work is mainly carried out by information systems. In addition to HIS systems, It also includes LIS system, PACS system and OA system [5]. At present, except for some hospitals with advanced technology in developed areas, most hospitals have not yet achieved a high degree of integration between various systems. Therefore, differences in basic operating algorithms, data collection and feedback methods lead to poor timeliness in the disclosure of information in each module's financial system. Unable to meet government departments’ requirements for fiscal transparency. With the support of blockchain technology, the hospital's various module systems can operate in an integrated manner, and the data of different sector systems can be extracted and shared in a timely manner, which to a large extent has consolidated the integration of accounting, budget execution, fund receipts and expenditures, and financial analysis of the hospital's financial systems. Base. 2. Deepen the content of financial management. As the medical reform continues to deepen, the business volume of medical institutions has increased, and the requirements for refined financial management have become higher. However, the current level of segmentation of hospital financial management work is far from sufficient. Under the diversified changes in medical insurance, expenditures, etc., the lag in information statistics seriously hinders the accurate and automated operation of the financial system. Strictly speaking, hospital financial management only covers budget management, cost management, etc. Subsequent other expenses are prone to gaps in the calculation process and cannot meet the needs of the integrated process of financial functions. Therefore, the existing financial work should be sorted out, with financial budgets, revenue and expenditures, etc. as the source of management, and medical project research funds, operating funds, expenditure approval, etc. included in the scope of financial management. The introduction of blockchain technology into the hospital's financial management system can not only realize the above-mentioned financial management steps, but also investigate and track the use of funds in real time, achieving traceability of the source and clarity of the destination during the process of investigating the direction of the funds. Integrating the horizontal development of financial content in this way can fully improve the efficiency of hospital financial management. 3. Improve the efficiency and accuracy of hospital financial management. Hospital financial management plays an important role in the daily operation of the hospital and determines the accuracy of the hospital's financial information. Hospitals should focus on improving financial management to prevent and control hospital economic crises caused by poor financial management. From the perspective of current enterprise financial management, the application of blockchain technology and AI intelligence is the overall development trend. Therefore, combining blockchain technology is an important starting point for upgrading hospital financial management systems. Affected by the characteristics of the hospital industry and the limitations of technical means, financial management in the past was mostly based on post-event inspection and accounting, with early intervention in financial changes and a relative lack of in-process control. Faced with increasingly detailed cross-department financial data, the traditional financial management audit model is in evidence query, audit judgment, and financial budgeting all require a lot of manpower. The distributed accounting technology and weak centralization characteristics of blockchain technology make financial transaction data recorded after verification by blockchain network nodes automatic, efficient, and complete in time and space. its salient features [6]. The hospital financial system built using blockchain technology can collect various effective financial data in real time and conduct dynamic analysis based on smart contracts, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of hospital financial management and ensuring the safety of financial management of various departments in the hospital. . 4. Strengthen financial budget management. Traditional hospital financial management usually involves manual budget management based on the past frequency of device use and drug use. Some hospital financial managers believe that resource allocation only needs to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of superior departments. This has led to intelligent financial management. The system cannot be well implemented into the hospital's financial budget management system. The smart contract part contained in blockchain technology can effectively enhance hospital fund control. The so-called smart contract is a program that automatically processes assets based on preset conditions based on blockchain technology. Blockchain technology has the characteristic of not relying on third-party participation. Therefore, only the funds allocated to the budget part are entered into the blockchain from the source, and the traceability and destination of the budget funds can be clearly and transparently presented [7]. The smart contract mechanism can ensure the reasonable use of budget funds and clearly prevent illegal use. In addition, blockchain technology can monitor budget execution in real time and provide early warning for changes in budget data that are used differently. With the help of the self-transaction settlement (liquidation) function in smart contracts, transaction settlement (clearance) can be automated and rapid, significantly reducing the error rate of financial personnel and improving budget execution effects. Source: Source: Friends of Accounting (Issue 03, 2021)

Ⅷ Research on Optimization of Financial Sharing Model in Colleges and Universities-

At present, most colleges and universities have gradually implemented the financial shared service model. Blockchain technology characterized by decentralization, information sharing, and traceability can optimize and improve the financial sharing model of universities. This article mainly analyzes the necessity of introducing blockchain technology into the financial sharing model of universities, and proposes an optimization plan of blockchain technology for the financial sharing model of universities, hoping to provide certain reference significance for the innovative development of the financial sharing model of universities.

1. The current development status of the financial sharing model in universities

The so-called financial sharing is a management model in which shared services are applied in the financial field. Specifically, it refers to the process of financial sharing based on Internet information technology. With processing as the core, accounting, auditing, and financial data services scattered in different regional departments are integrated into the financial sharing center for centralized processing, thereby standardizing the financial processing process and improving processing efficiency. A new financial management model.

(1) Scaling of financial processing

The financial sharing model is to build a financial center to concentrate accounting, auditing, and financial data from different regions and departments on this platform. In particular, some projects with strong foundation, heavy workload, high repetition rate, and easyFor some programmed processing work, it is classified and processed centrally, so that the financial processing work of universities can form a certain scale, delete unnecessary repetitive work, promote the formation of economies of scale, reduce operating costs and improve work efficiency for universities New paths are provided.

(2) Business process standardization

The university financial sharing model implements unified accounting standards and programmed operating systems in the process of integrating financial data for centralized processing. Achieve the standardization of financial processes, which means that even for financial accounting in different departments, the data caliber and business standards used are unified. There is no need for financial personnel to negotiate standards, which simplifies the work process. In the standard, unified and professional business processing assembly line, financial personnel have a clear division of labor. They only need to handle one or a few financial links and are responsible for them, thereby improving work efficiency and further improving financial service levels and financial management value.

(3) Informatization of technical means

After universities build an integrated financial sharing center, its members can share financial data and information through modern network information technology. Through the high integration of system platforms, colleges and universities can realize intelligent identification, review and processing of bill pictures, realize flexible integration and dynamic allocation of information resources, and further promote the informatization process of colleges and universities. At the same time, the financial sharing platform analyzes and processes massive amounts of financial data information, intelligently identifies, reviews, processes data, and performs risk control. Networked and technical shared operations greatly reduce the operating costs of universities and improve financial decision-making support capabilities. .

(4) Professionalization of service quality

The University Financial Sharing Center integrates basic financial work and develops standard, unified and professional financial processing procedures. The division of labor among financial personnel is clear. It reduces human errors, saves labor costs, and ensures high-efficiency work. More human resources can be invested in financial management or other aspects of business management, further improving the professional financial service level and business management capabilities of universities. .

2. Problems with the Financial Sharing Model of Colleges and Universities

Compared with the difficulty of establishing a financial sharing platform for general enterprises, colleges and universities that are still "newcomers" to the financial sharing model are struggling. Most universities have problems such as centralized financial sharing platforms, bloated institutional departments, inconsistent responsibilities, and high management risks, which have caused the implementation of the financial sharing model to be in trouble.

(1) Collection of financial information increases financial management risks

Colleges and universities have set up financial sharing centers, and all vouchers and bill data of the entire school are concentrated on servers or clouds and shared The center will only save the result data of financial processing. There is no record of the financial processing process. Once the server or cloud is attacked by hackers or viruses, or information security confidentiality or internal control is not done properly,If it is not in place, security risks such as loss, tampering, and damage of financial data may easily occur. The concentration of functional authority such as financial accounting, accounting and auditing is more likely to lead to accounting fraud and fraud, and the overall financial management risk increases.

(2) Level-by-level authorization and approval make business processes more complicated

The financial sharing model of universities unifies financial management standards and improves work efficiency, but the traditional financial management system process There is no change, it is just a simple shift of business from offline to online. In order to ensure that business processing is rigorous and reliable, different levels and positions in universities are granted different authorities. Financial business processing requires layer-by-layer authorization, level-by-level approval and review, and each level of accounting is subject to supervision from the upper level. If any bills do not meet the requirements during the period, there will be an iterative process of "review-return-re-review". Such layers of review and return waste time, increase operating costs, and complicate business processes.

(3) Separation of finance and business, shortcomings in financial collaboration

One of the main goals of the financial sharing model is to promote financial integration, but in the practice process of universities, finance and business There is no real integration. Financial personnel do not know much about the specific business situation and cannot judge the authenticity of bills and business. The quality of accounting information is compromised, and the role of finance in supervising business is weakened. There are problems with the collaboration between financial personnel, which affects the overall operational efficiency of finance.

(4) Institutional functions are weakened and financial personnel needs are misplaced

After universities implement the financial sharing model, the functions of the headquarters have been strengthened, while the functions of branches have been weakened, and the financial personnel of the branches are mainly responsible For simple tasks such as sorting out financial bills and scanning and uploading data, the work scope is limited and the content is repeated, which can easily lead to slacking off. The work of the financial sharing center is a batch of repeated high-intensity basic accounting business, which will lead to the misunderstanding of focusing on financial accounting and neglecting financial analysis. It turns out that financial personnel with high education and strong financial analysis capabilities feel that they are not valued and are prone to slacking off or changing jobs. At the same time, the smooth implementation of the financial sharing model in the big data era requires compound talents who understand both financial expertise and data information processing.

3. Optimization of the financial sharing model of universities based on blockchain technology

Integrate blockchain technology into the financial sharing model of universities and use the core technology of blockchain to solve problems faced by universities. The pain points in the financial management process have a huge role in promoting financial informatization in colleges and universities.

(1) Replace management levels with consensus mechanisms to form multi-party supervision

The consensus mechanism in blockchain technology determines the characteristics of decentralization. In blockchain, there is no one The center is responsible for command and coordination, but a consensus-based mathematical algorithm is used to establish a trust network, and the data is jointly recognized and maintained by the entire network. Blockchain technology is used in the financial sharing model of universities.The sharing mechanism will effectively prevent information from being tampered with and ensure the accuracy and security of the information. Blockchain technology replaces the original management level with a consensus mechanism, which can greatly reduce irregularities such as information tampering, fraud, and excessive consumption.

(2) Actively expand smart contracts and improve financial management efficiency

Smart contracts are the core for realizing intelligent financial management in universities. Smart contracts, simply put, are agreements that can be executed automatically without manual intervention. In blockchain technology, smart contracts form programming scripts based on the requirements of relevant transactions, embed preset rules and terms in the blockchain, and use code to compile trigger conditions. When the data matches a certain contract, the transaction is automatic without intervention. implement. Smart contracts implement a trustless transaction model, which greatly improves the efficiency of the system. The transaction process is irreversible and can be tracked throughout.

(3) Optimize staff position allocation and prepare comprehensive talent reserves

Colleges and universities implement a financial sharing model, which reduces a large amount of accounting processing work and replaces it with more process management and intelligent financial management work, which places higher requirements on the business capabilities and comprehensive management capabilities of financial personnel. Blockchain technology has achieved deep integration of industry and finance, freeing grassroots financial personnel from low-value-added mechanized financial accounting and turning to more efficient financial consulting services, data analysis and other management work. Grassroots financial personnel can transform from accounting accounting to management accounting, helping colleges and universities build a more complete management accounting system.

4. Conclusion

In general, the use of financial sharing model in the financial field of universities has just started, and the integration of blockchain technology is in the exploratory stage, but what is certain is that, Blockchain technology relies on its consensus mechanism, distributed accounting, smart contracts, encryption technology and other unique attributes to ensure the reliability and security of financial sharing platform information, avoid information tampering, fraud and other financial risks, and improve improve the efficiency of financial management of universities. Based on the broad application prospects of blockchain technology, universities should actively promote the in-depth integration of blockchain technology and financial sharing models, push financial informatization to a strategic level, and promote the sustainable development of university finance.

Author: Mao Xiaofen

Ⅸ Application of Blockchain in the Financial Field

1. Application and Development of Blockchain

Some Internet, Internet start-ups and traditional financial industries have begun to try applications in some projects

2. Domestic financial institutions are testing the waters of blockchain

Various financial institutions have tried Water is basically in the conceptual experimental stage and has not yet been commercialized on a large scale.

3. Panorama of the application of blockchain in the financial field

4. Ghostwriting

5. Digital bills

Bills are financial An important financial product in the market, it has dual functions of payment and financing, has the characteristics of high value, and bears bank credit or commercial credit. Once a bill is issued, its face amount, date and other important information cannot be changed. Bills also have circulation attributes and can be accepted, endorsed, discounted, rediscounted, collected and other transactions within a specific life cycle. Once the transaction is completed, the transaction cannot be revoked. There are two characteristics in the circulation of bills: First, the circulation of bills mainly occurs through bank acceptance bills, and the number and circulation of commercial acceptance bills are small; second, each bank independently conducts credit granting and risk control on the bill business, and a single bank's Risk control results may affect other participants in the bill market transaction chain.

The experimental production system of the digital bill trading platform uses SDC (Smart Draft Chain) blockchain technology to protect privacy through cryptographic algorithms such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proof. The Byzantine Fault Tolerance Protocol (PBFT) performs consensus and uses a see-through mechanism to provide data monitoring.

The experimental production system includes four subsystems: stock exchange, bank, enterprise and monitoring: the stock exchange subsystem is responsible for managing the blockchain and monitoring the digital bill business; the bank subsystem has Digital bills have business functions such as acceptance and receipt, discount signing, rediscounting, and collection and repayment; the enterprise subsystem has business functions such as issuance, acceptance, endorsement, discounting, and prompt payment of digital bills; the monitoring subsystem monitors the status of the blockchain in real time and business happenings

6.