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Ⅰ Explore technology trends from the PwC report
Previously, we have talked about many entrepreneurs, investors and foreign innovations As for the story of the company, in fact, if you are careful, you may have discovered that these big names or companies are very consistent on one thing, and that is the future development of science and technology.
From the perspective of large foreign companies, whether they adopt mergers and acquisitions or independent research and development, they are actively expanding the field of science and technology, combining the original traditional business methods with high and new technologies, or improving Upgrading the original technology system; the performance of small start-ups is more obvious. Most foreign start-ups choose to use technological innovation as the pillar of development, and innovative technologies have become the basis for them to face challenges from traditional large enterprises. The most important weight for survival.
In recent days, gold medal consultants have also carefully studied Pwc's technology report and sorted it out. So today, let us take you to take a look at the future technology development trends from Pwc's report.
1. Eight Major Technological Trends in the Future
Pwc’s report summarized and analyzed the eight major technological trends in the future. Let us take a look at them first:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Software algorithms can perform tasks that usually require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and intelligent language translation. Here is a piece of news. It is said that Google’s latest Artificial intelligence translation, that is, neural network translation system, is developed based on the way of imitating human neural thinking. At present, its translation benchmark is comparable to that of real-person translation. How about, if you don't work hard to learn English, the machine will surpass you.
Okay, let’s get back to the point. According to the Pwc report, artificial intelligence is an “umbrella” concept that consists of multiple subfields, such as machine learning that focuses on program development. When acquiring a specific amount of new data , the program initiates self-learning, understanding, reasoning, planning, and action.
2. Augmented reality technology (AR)
By superimposing images or audio, it supplements real-world information or vision, thereby enhancing the user's experience of tasks or products. "Augmentation" of the real world is the presentation of the above information through assistive devices. AR is completely different from virtual reality (VR), which is designed and used to recreate reality in a restricted experience environment.
3. Blockchain
A distributed electronic ledger that uses software algorithms to record and confirm transactions, making it reliable and anonymous. Transaction records are shared by multiple parties. Once the information enters the blockchain, it cannot be modified, and the downstream chain consolidates the upstream transactions.
4. Drones
Equipment and vehicles in the air or water, such as unmanned aircraft (UAV), do not require humans to fly or move on board. The drone can automatically follow the preset route through the onboard computer.operate, or remotely control it.
5. Internet of things (Internet of things referred to as IoT)
The network of items (such as equipment, vehicles, etc.) is combined with sensors, software, network connectivity and computing power to collect and exchange information on the Internet data. The Internet of Things enables items to be connected to each other and remotely monitored or controlled. The term Internet of Things now refers to any device that can be "connected" to each other and gain access through the Internet. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a branch of the Internet of Things and the application of the Internet of Things in manufacturing and industry.
6. Robot
An electromechanical device or virtual agent that operates, enhances or assists human activities autonomously or in accordance with preset instructions (usually a computer program). It should be noted here that drones are actually a category of robots, but Pwc's report temporarily lists them as different categories for specific breakdown.
7. Virtual Reality Technology (VR)
Computer-generated simulated three-dimensional images or complete scenes, the space of which is subject to certain limitations (this is different from AR), the audience can simulate it in a realistic way way to interact with it. Virtual reality is an immersive experience that typically requires wearing a device, most commonly a helmet/headset. Virtual reality technology has penetrated deeply into people's lives, and it can be seen everywhere from business operations and strategy formulation to the life and entertainment upgrades of the general public.
8. 3D printing
An additive manufacturing technology that is based on digital models and creates three-dimensional objects by slicing them and printing them layer by layer. 3D printing relies on innovative "ink" and its printing raw materials include plastics, metals, and more recently, glass and wood.
2. Why has the development of science and technology become a leading factor in the development of society and enterprises?
So, what are the reasons that make advanced technology become a trend and become a leader in enterprise development? Probably when you first hear this topic, everyone's reaction will be: "Because society is developing and progressing." But this answer is a bit general, so next, let's take a look at several major reasons summarized in the Pwc report: < /p>
1. The cost of acquiring technology is lower
Today, the prices of the three basic technologies of computing, storage and connectivity have been significantly reduced compared to a few decades ago, but the performance is much higher. for improvement. The rapid development of the Internet, mobile technology and cloud computing, open source code, and increasing financing channels have lowered the threshold for entrepreneurs and non-traditional competitors, helping them to grow rapidly and even gradually become disruptors in various industries.
2. Globalization of technology
Today, developed and developing countries create, cooperate, communicate and consume on similar technology platforms, which stimulates global innovation. People often talk about economic globalization, but in fact what deserves more attention now is technological globalization. In the 1Of the 46 "technology unicorns", 27% are from the Asia-Pacific region, an increase from 20% five years ago. These new companies with high valuations and rapid development are spread all over the world, and they are committed to developing the application of innovative platforms in multiple fields (such as finance, O2O services and the sharing economy).
3. Technology dependence continues to rise
As people increasingly rely on the use of the Internet, laptops, mobile devices, collaboration tools and other technologies in their lives and work, our society The operating model is also quietly affected by people's new habits. It is generally believed that the development of society prompts people to continue to be exposed to new things and high-end technologies, but in fact people's new needs and new upgrades in experience also drive the development and progress of social science and technology to a large extent. Now, business users also expect that the technology they come into contact with in the workplace can be as convenient, efficient, and advanced as their own personal devices. This promotes the "techization" of modern offices and reflects the strong influence of consumer technology.
4. Technological transformation
According to a Pwc report survey, companies that are technological leaders in the industry are twice as likely to achieve rapid revenue and profit growth as those that are lagging behind. Initially, technological competitive advantage was regarded as a "sharp weapon" to improve corporate efficiency, which could help companies complete the same tasks with higher quality and lower costs. But now, technological innovation has become the fastest way to open up new sources of income and realize the transformation of traditional industries. To a certain extent, this means that technology is no longer a simple advantage maker, but has become a tool to keep up with the development of the times. Essential factors.
5. Multiplier effect of technology
Today’s science and technology no longer exist as a single individual. In most cases, individual technologies will be built on each other. And expand their influence on each other, creating conditions for the so-called "Fourth Industrial Revolution". In a recent technology seminar held by PwC, participants noticed that the emerging technology of artificial intelligence is actually the driving force behind robotics (another evolving technology), and the application of this technology is starting to Factories extend into various businesses or public spaces.
3. Application of advanced technology and human resources issues
After talking about the trends of technological development and its underlying reasons, let’s learn about the current impact of these technologies from Pwc’s report Let’s look at the most obvious cases of enterprise development and possible problems.
The first is customer interaction. The eight core technologies summarized above have reshaped the interaction between companies and customers in almost every aspect, whether it is sales and marketing, billing, or after-sales service. Take artificial intelligence as an example. It is applied to machine learning and can help process large amounts of customer behavior data and identify patterns. Enterprises can use this pattern to improve customer interaction. To give an example, Nao is a customer service pilot robot launched by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Japan’s largest bank. Its visionAnd auditory "perception" is connected with advanced artificial intelligence to help it "see" customers and identify customers and their voices. As a result, Nao is able to interact with customers and greet them in their native language (Nao understands and speaks 19 languages). Its ability to assist human staff during busy periods or special events has attracted more foreign customers to the bank. At this point, we have to admit that intelligent robots spend far more time and energy than real people in learning a language, so robot services have unique advantages.
The second is operational application. Artificial intelligence, robots, drones and 3D printing can all improve operational efficiency and bring obvious competitive advantages to enterprises. According to the survey analysis of the Pwc report, in the hotel industry, service robots can reduce delivery costs by 10 to 100 times. Therefore, when we see robots being continuously adopted in various business fields, the reasons are obvious. In addition, the role of AR technology in corporate operations is also very significant. At Boeing, the factory decisively abandoned PDF guides for trainers during personnel training and replaced them with AR-dynamic guides on tablets. , this move increased the speed of assembling the simulated wing by 30% and the accuracy by 90%. At the same time, DHL has also equipped warehouse employees with smart glasses with AR functions. AR smart glasses can provide employees with picking instructions and help complete orders, thus reducing error rates and increasing work efficiency by 25%.
But along with the benefits, it’s not without its problems. Another most obvious impact of modern technology on enterprises is the impact on personnel and talents. These eight core technologies will create new types of jobs, but what is worrying is that they will also slow down the rate of job growth. According to Pwc’s survey on CEO tendencies: About 56% of CEOs around the world hope to reduce the number of employees through the widespread application of robots in the next five years. A recent Citibank report shows that due to the application of technologies such as AI and blockchain, The banking industry will reduce its workforce by approximately 30% over the next decade. At the same time, new technologies are spawning new companies (Google, only 18 years old, already has more than 61,000 employees) and new job types, so employers have to find a balance between people and machines. They have to decide how to hire and retain and discover needed talents. After all, human employees still need to be able to "peacefully coexist" with artificial intelligence machines.
4. Issues that enterprises need to consider in view of the current situation
In view of the current technological trends and enterprise development prospects, enterprises also face some issues that must be paid attention to. The first point is how to Develop innovative strategies and processes that are sustainable and repeatable? This requires consideration of the following aspects, all of which are critical:
Funding: How do we fund innovation driven by emerging technologies? Will there be a separate investment pool? Whether businesses are free to seek investment according to the guidance? If there is a separate investment pool, will existing profit centers be taxed? Will taxes be considered part of business expenses?
Product Type Match: How will the emerging technologies used match the overall product and service types? Will Emerging Technologies be a stand-alone unit or an overlay unit? Will there be a technology incubation department within the current corporate structure? Implementing innovation activities according to standard operating procedures often leads to failure, so companies need to try new development methods and market-oriented operating procedures. What is best for us? How can we reduce risk? How do we turn successful experiments into mainstream products and services?
The second point is whether the company has quantified the impact of new technologies? If not, how should the quantitative work be done - and how long will it take to complete it? The third point is whether the company has an emerging technology development plan? If so, does the plan keep up with current trends? The distinctive feature of the digital age is that it is rapidly changing and full of disruption, so no technical plan can be achieved overnight. The correct approach is to be good at observation and summary, and adjust strategies in real time. The era of pursuing immutable five-year development plans is over, and now it can be said that the only constant is change itself. Therefore, wise business managers need to tailor-make strategic plans suitable for the development of the company's products and services and operate them effectively. method; this requires the leadership to proceed from reality and cut out the types of products and services that are of little use. In this complex process, the company should involve all business departments and maintain smooth communication among various departments.
Internship compiler: Li Zihan
Ⅱ What are the applications of blockchain industry?
Taking the tourism industry as an example, blockchain applications are mainly concentrated in Application areas include travel travel, travel community reviews, digital identity management, credit consumption management, tracking pilots’ professional certificates and qualifications, hotel and airline loyalty programs, reservation management, and consumption points management. In addition, with the development of blockchain, many related top domain names have been registered, which has had a relatively large impact on the domain name industry. In addition, blockchain also has applications in finance, games, entertainment and other fields.
III What kind of platform is 3D-Chain?
The 3D-Chain platform business application platform, as the third largest business segment of Wuhan Huitong Mingjiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., mainly has two major Business segments: 1. Authorization-based 3D printing services. 2. B2C business application platform. The 3D-Chain platform uses blockchain as the underlying technology and 3DC as the payment ecosystem, which will fully promote the development of 3D printing services and B2C mall applications of Wuhan Huitong Mingjiang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.
The platform has two major attributes:
1. Blockchain attributes: Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, autonomy, information cannot be tampered with, and anonymity. All product information and transaction information uploaded to the 3D-Chain platform will be recorded in the 3D-Chain blockchain. All information can be viewed through 3D-Chain blockchain browser public query. Therefore, the 3D-Chain platform can fully protect the copyright of 3D data, ensure the quality of 3D printing products, eliminate fake products, and protect consumer rights.
2. Token economic ecological attributes: Token economic ecology is one of the important concepts of the value Internet. As a new economic ecology, it fully combines capital and the real economy, truly integrating the capital market and the real economy. Use the capital market to promote the development of the real economy, and use the real economy to drive the prosperity of the capital market.
IV What are the main development trends of supply chain blockchain?
The main development trends include digitalization, intelligence, sustainability, collaboration, globalization, etc.
IV How to define blockchain and what are the application scenarios of blockchain?
Nowadays, many people think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is somewhat different. Blockchain technology is a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza. At its peak, it was more than 20,000 US dollars each, which has skyrocketed by more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of wealthy people. Currently, there are blockchain Technology-generated virtual currency dayGradually entering everyone's life, many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that if you buy the right currency a hundred times, a bicycle will become a sports car, and one coin will turn you into a young model. You can imagine how attractive it is.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era, and the past has become classic, while others said To say that everything is hype is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certification, and The credibility of the identity of the parties reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, it can provide users with real-time and reliable Confirmation plan.
Next, eSignBao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage and certification are only superficial applications based on blockchain technology. They are the key to realizing blockchain technology. The first step is to implement technology, and the second step is to implement real smart contracts. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.
Through the following limited cases, I hope everyone can understand the actual performance of blockchain technology, thereby stimulating interest in such solutions.
1. Administrative Services
Over the centuries, the roles and responsibilities of public administration have not changed significantly – or rather, what has changed dramatically is actually the size of the data and the specific ways in which public agencies handle it. Although various digital technologies already exist to help collect and process data, issues such as anonymization, portability, and the immutability of large amounts of data remain unresolved.
Sasha Ivanov, founder, entrepreneur and CEO of Waves Platform and Vostok projects, said, "What the public administration currently lacks is a more convenient user experience (UX) for data use. To improve the user experience , we should introduce some kind of layer to it that acts as a trusted public environment that is transparent and can store data anonymously and immutably."
Governments are working on this by launching the U.S. Federal agency and enterprise-level initiatives such as the Federal Blockchain Initiative are gradually confronting the existence of such problems. The United States held its first federal government blockchain forum in July 2017, and the U.S. General Services Administration currently has more than 200 related use case repositories. Ivanov explained, “Distributed systems can really help us build such a reliable environment, improve our big data work, and even integrate all emerging technologies – including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. In fact, , whenever we face any kind of technology, it always embodies the sum of certain other technologies."
Now, the system supported by the blockchain can actually work - this This view has been unanimously recognized by all experts and has become the most important theoretical basis. In other words, what we need to do next is create more production-ready solutions.
2. Payment services
The government needs to process transactions, many of which involve the exchange of funds with citizens. Blockchain technology has huge potential application value in reducing the cost of fund transfers - including using new blockchain-based cryptocurrencies as intermediate transaction carriers, or using blockchain as a means of fund transfer, etc. Once a perfect solution is discovered, the business opportunities will be endless - for those who need to conduct frequent cross-border or Internet transactionsEven more so.
The Jasper project was developed by the Bank of Canada to help it further think about how central banks and other financial institutions should implement payment operations between different banks based on distributed ledgers. The Bank of Canada has also developed its own digital currency variant, “CAD Coin,” to test the feasibility of using a national currency on top of the blockchain.
This project brings to an interesting conclusion that we should say no to proof-of-work public chain systems. In a paper titled "Project Jasper: Is a Distributed Batch Payment System Feasible?" the author observed that "Proof-of-work systems are not suitable for such large transaction processing systems because they assume that all transactions in the system are There is a need for openness and observability to a certain extent.”
3. Digitization and intellectual property
Governments are responsible for maintaining copyright records and databases. These records prove ownership of intellectual property. A blockchain-based system would allow artists, performers and writers of all kinds to time-stamp their works and theoretically detect copyright infringements and even keep a permanent record of their rights. In fact, many governments have already taken important exploratory steps in this direction.
Iran recently announced that it will deploy this technology. "Iran Financial Tribune" quoted Morteza Mousavian as saying that "the Digital Media Department of the Ministry of Culture has reached an agreement with a blockchain company to jointly design a system that can be used to protect online copyrights." He also added that "the relevant procedures will It will soon be released to users in an easy-to-use format."
This work is still in the early exploratory stages, but it offers enterprise customers the possibility of preserving records through replication technology. From a theoretical level, companies can use blockchain solutions to conduct financial accounting and discover errors in real time.
4. Welfare distribution
The government has the responsibility to create a level playing field for citizens. Citizens who are chronically poor or economically disadvantaged certainly need government support and assistance to ensure that they are able to sustain themselves and develop. However, welfare distribution is neither simple nor often straightforward. Problems such as corruption and impersonation have been wreaking havoc on various distribution channels within government schemes.
In China, the National Council of Social Security Fund is conducting early research on how to use blockchain technology to improve the delivery of national benefits to citizens. At the same time, India is also taking action. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are already using blockchain to support their civilian resource supply systems.
It is said that many companies, including Microsoft, are also considering using the same technology. These solutions, which will touch individual employees and functional roles, are expected to gradually appear in small businesses in the near future.
5. Bidding activities
p>In order to build public infrastructure or provide related services, the government hopes to achieve economies of scale and competitive gains through bidding as much as possible. However, the bidding process is often not fair or transparent. Public procurement has long been a major scene of rampant corruption around the world. Transparency International noted that “many governments will award project contracts to a certain supplier in the absence of fair competition. This allows companies with greater political resources to improperly win over competitors; or companies in the same industry Bids will be negotiated in advance between companies, ensuring that each company gets a share of the tender. This will significantly increase the cost of delivering services to the public - we have found that corruption issues can increase project costs by 50%."
So, how can blockchain technology solve the bidding problem? According to Ivanov, “Unlike decentralized centralized systems, independent ledgers powered by blockchain will be able to improve bidding or anything else that needs to be tracked. Transparency of financial processes. The intervention of blockchain technology will help track the use of funds and ensure that they are paid out as expected and within the allowed time."
Currently, Japan’s internal affairs and The Ministry of Communications has announced a blockchain-based bidding system, which means that in industries with serious collusion problems, small and medium-sized enterprises are expected to usher in a more transparent bidding method and brighter development prospects.
Although quite a few of the cases mentioned previously are far from finalized, they do provide many possibilities for companies and governments. Of course, the key lies in implementation; and we should also look at all this with optimism, that is, although blockchain technology is often misunderstood, it is and will eventually find a direction in which it can exert its own energy!
< p> In layman's terms, the blockchain is like a dozen beacon towers on the Great Wall. If an enemy comes at one place, they will send out smoke. The other beacon towers will know about it and enter a defensive state together. In technical language, it is a distributed ledger. Each node keeps accounts separately. The failure of one or two nodes will not affect the entire network.
How is this distributed network different from the distributed servers of Google Network? Google Network's distributed servers still belong to Google Network and are controlled by their central scheduling algorithm. The distributed nodes in the blockchain do not know each other and have no legal relationship. You can just go offline and shut down if you want, but because of the currency rewards, there will always be someone who will turn on the machine as a new node to support the network.
After the popular and technical explanation, I hope you understand. So the first application scenario is finance. I put my money in Alipay. If Alipay doesn't recognize it one day, there's nothing you can do. But on the blockchain, it is useless if one node does not admit it, because other nodes stillThere is my record. The second is the contract. Nowadays, contracts are made on paper and are easy to be faked. But if they are put on the blockchain, they cannot be faked.
There are more application scenarios. It is recommended to check the top 100 digital Huobi online to understand the corresponding projects behind them and become a blockchain expert. .
Blockchain technology was first used in Bitcoin. Blockchain provides a reliable and trustworthy means of organizing data for cross-subject business scenarios. JD.com is essentially a supply chain company, and blockchain technology will be first used in many scenarios of the supply chain.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
An application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to fully trace the origin of some of the products they sell. Consumers can trace the origin of the purchased products. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since traffic fraud in digital advertising causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
What is blockchain If you use non-technical terms to explain blockchain, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone, so In the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, there can be such a place,It will be like a magical treasure land.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8,000PB. So what if we share the idle data on the Internet?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
VI Are 10 cases where blockchain has changed existing business?
This article introduces the 10 current main uses of blockchainScenario:
(1) Tracking products in the global supply chain;
This is a typical usage scenario of blockchain technology in security traceability. It can promote information tracking, query, verification and anti-counterfeiting of commodity circulation, and can significantly improve efficiency of some links. However, the role of the blockchain can only be reflected in the chain, but it cannot cover the parts operated by people below the chain.
(2) Guarantee 3D printing quality and tracking;
(3) Create personalized and lifelong “one-stop” medical records;
Blockchain healthcare can track anyone’s complete medical history, such as medications , illnesses, injuries, and transactions across health systems, physicians, pharmacies, and health plans, and empowering patients to control their own data. Blockchain can also transfer insurance payments: smart contracts can automatically trigger insurance provisions when a clinic confirms a patient has received treatment, and prevent fraudulent or inaccurate claims. Some startups, such as the UK's Medicalchain, blockchain company Gem, MIT and other companies and universities are experimenting with this use.
(4) Simplify trade logistics;
Traditional trade involves complex import and export procedures, and all participants in the entire chain require a large number of paper documents to interact, resulting in high communication costs. Blockchain can optimize this system. Maersk and IBM have created a platform that integrates services such as liner, warehouse, freight forwarding, ports, customs, exporters, importers and trade finance banks into the trade ecosystem, on a data exchange platform running on the blockchain interoperate.
(5) Facilitate and secure customs trade;
Blockchain has been tested in many customs departments, including the United Kingdom, South Korea, Singapore, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and the 15-nation East African Group. In 2017, U.S. Customs developed 14 use cases for blockchain, which are currently being tested and evaluated. Blockchain will be particularly useful for the UK: when the UK leaves the EU customs union, its number of customs declarations will increase from 55 million to over 250 million (non-EU trade plus EU trade, which previously did not require customs documents), which is currently the case with UK software The program cannot fully handle it. Blockchain can help: It can trace the origins of products and help determine the origin and appropriate tariffs for goods, such as those destined to join the European Union’s tariff package. For the UK’s 28 border agencies, imported products such as food, safety and intellectual property compliance need to be analyzed, and blockchain projects can be shared securely and transparently in real time.
(6) Prevent voting fraud and protect voter identities;
Blockchain security and identity protection features can reduce fraud and encourage voters to believe their votes are anonymous,
increase turnout and make elections more immediate . Using the technology, voters can scan their thumbs with their smartphones and cast their ballots during their Election Day commute. If everyone votes via the blockchain, no one can vote twice. Voting records are inviolable, and the ID of each ballot is recorded instantly at every polling location.
(7) Launch crop insurance for farmers;
Crop insurance customized to specific farmer needs is usually veryVery expensive, blockchain technology can reduce costs by determining trigger conditions and automating execution. For example, farmers can insure against extreme weather. If extreme weather affects a harvest, a blockchain-based insurance contract would immediately recognize this and pay the farmer’s claim.
Establishing a network of energy producers and users;
Decades ago, some companies introduced smart grids to provide intermediary services for energy producers and demanders. Now, blockchain can optimize smart grids and provide energy producers and consumers with a regional intermediary energy trading platform. TenneT and Brooklyn-based startup LO3 Energy are both trying this business.
(9) Create smart cities that can operate independently;
Blockchain can now amplify the impact of Douyou IoT on city operations. For example, Dubai has a pilot project to implement blockchain in city services. Dubai plans to use blockchain for more than 100 million annual government documents by 2020, including all visa applications, bill payments and license renewals.
(10) Automatic payment to the exporter when the goods arrive at the foreign buyer;
Blockchain changes the information asymmetry in existing international trade by allowing both parties to the transaction to access the same data and real-time digital files question. There is no need to store multiple copies of the same document across different databases for different entities. When goods arrive marked by sensors connected to the smart contract, a transfer of money from the buyer to the seller is automatically triggered.
2. Ten major problems currently faced by the blockchain industry and their analysis
2.1. Is the data on the blockchain really immutable?
Can one of the core features of blockchain, "anti-tampering", really be realized? And is "tamper-proof" really beneficial?
The report pointed out that the blockchain is not completely immutable, and gave three weaknesses of the blockchain:
(2) It may be hacked, and 51% of the chain is controlled by people who want to tamper with the results.
(3) The "garbage of garbage" problem has existed for centuries. The value of a blockchain depends on the data on the chain, and data entered into the blockchain may be inaccurate or fraudulent. One solution is to use sensors instead of manually entering data.
The so-called "51% attack" is to take advantage of computing power to cancel payment transactions that have already occurred. If someone has more than 50% of the computing power, he can find the random numbers needed to mine the block faster than others, so he actually has the absolute and effective right to decide which block. From a technical level, a 51% attack is achievable, but the cost is very high for the earliest cryptocurrencies such as BTC. They have built a huge network, which is why BTC’s network has remained stable for 10 years. reason. But with other counterfeit currencies, the risk is greater.
In addition, there is no direct benefit for the attacker to simply launch a 51% attack, and it must be linked to specific short selling and false recharge. Specifically, it is often a double spend on a certain transaction. The attacker stops attacking once. Continuous attacks are costly and will stop once successful; second, the community canPublish emergency puddings and add checkpoints to the blockchain. The community urgently agreed that the attacker’s blockchain was invalid. Therefore, there are many ways to deal with the 51% attack, and it will not be the end of the world for a blockchain.
2.2. Who owns and maintains the blockchain? And who asked about the appearance?
Responsible for problems and losses?
Since the blockchain is a decentralized user community, who will maintain it? Shouldn’t it require human adjustment and maintenance just like a website?
For permissioned chains, such as alliance chains and private chains, there is no need for incentives such as tokens to motivate people to manage, there is a manager who manages the entire network. Since there are fewer users in the network, coordination costs are relatively low. However, such networks are susceptible to security challenges, and as the number of network users increases, coordination costs will increase.
For consortium chains and private chains, since they are still very centralized organizations, the verification nodes are identified by the organization itself, so the management model is not very different from traditional centralized institutions. However, for public chains, there is no leader who coordinates the entire network system, and only relies on token incentives to coordinate different interest groups, which undoubtedly increases the instability of the entire ecosystem. At present, the development of the blockchain industry is in a very early stage. In addition to the relatively mature decentralized governance of BTC, in the governance of public chains such as ETH and EOS, the founder development team plays a very core role and is the "rules" of the public chain. "Maker", although the entire ecosystem has achieved partial decentralization, the founders still play a pivotal role in the direction of strategic development. Therefore, the author believes that the decentralization of blockchain can only be an ultimate goal that is constantly approaching. From the birth of the project to its maturity, its degree of decentralization should continue to increase, as shown in the figure below. In the early stages of project development, the founder and his development team play an absolute guiding role in the entire ecosystem. As the project ecosystem matures and the number of participants continues to increase, the original development team should gradually weaken its guiding role. The entire network maintenance needs to be decided jointly by all developers and users in the ecosystem. As for the final network problems, they can only be borne by all participants.
Figure: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the degree of centralization and development stages of blockchain projects
2.3. Are smart contracts really smart?
The second reason why smart contracts are not yet that smart is that their entries can be manipulated by evil actors, such as contracting parties or miners who add transaction records to the blockchain's ledger of past transactions. One study showed that 3.4% of ETH smart contracts are vulnerable to hackers.
Smart contracts can indeed optimize many intermediate programs, but judging from current industry practice, they are far from being called smart. A qualified smart contract should include all possible scenarios. Because the core essence of smart contracts is "to make the most just ruling even in the darkest environment."
The difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin is that Ethereum is Turing complete, and more types of contracts with more complex terms can be implemented through this platform. Of course, the cost of this is that the complex contract content makes it become moreDifficult to analyze. Typically, complexity is directly proportional to the probability of a vulnerability; the higher the complexity, the greater the probability of a vulnerability.
As for the concept "code is law" proposed by Ethereum, however, the code has attracted hacker attacks due to its own vulnerabilities, so it is not enough to form the authority of "law". Therefore, it needs the trust and endorsement of the government, lawyers, courts and other intermediary institutions. Compared with coordination, the current contract seems too rough.
2.4. Is there identity theft on the blockchain?
3% of social media accounts are fake, so can fake accounts be created on the blockchain? Can identities on the blockchain be stolen?
Blockchain can create a personal database for users whose data cannot be tampered with, but how to meet the user's "tampering" needs? This may be a paradox in the development of blockchain technology. Regarding user needs, we may need to start from the perspective of on-chain standards and authority management.
2.5. Can blockchains be connected to each other?
One blockchain records the data of an entity or user in one way, while another blockchain records the same data of the same entity or user in another way. In a fragmented system, multiple account books are not connected to each other, which will form a world of "operational islands", or "data islands". Users need to register for multiple systems at the same time to conduct transactions with different people for different purposes.
In view of the value transfer needs of different chains, cross-chain technology is the key, which can effectively connect different alliance chains or private chains, and promote the outward expansion and connection of blockchains. The current mainstream cross-chain technologies include Notary schemes, Sidechains/relays, Hash-locking, Distributed private key control, etc.
2.6． How does the blockchain connect to off-chain databases?
If one party's data and documents are off-chain, and the other party's data and documents are on-chain, can the two parties interact? In the company's database, can half of the company's data on the blockchain interact with the other half of the data?
These challenges are well known and are being addressed. For example, the same queries and analysis can be run in on-chain and off-chain databases. The risk is that data brought from on-chain to off-chain is no longer immutable, and researchers recognize that data security and aggregating, transforming and optimizing on-chain and off-chain data sets are significant challenges.
2.7． Can blockchain facilitate money laundering?
Money laundering is a huge global problem, amounting to 1-2 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 2% - 5% of the total global GDP. Banks and authorities are fighting back, spending about $8 billion a year to combat corruption. Banks around the world require KYC verification.
Due to the anonymous nature of the blockchain, especially the emergence of anonymous coins, BTC has been criticized by many people as a tool for money laundering. However, the anonymity of BTC is onlyIt is the anonymity on the chain, the interaction between people and the chain, and the interaction between BTC and legal currency that will leave traces. It is not as "lawless" as many media have promoted. Each BTC transaction requires the transfer of a corresponding address, and the transaction records of the address can be queried. In addition, the exchange of BTC and legal currency is conducted off-chain and cannot escape supervision. If the actual identity of any party in the transaction is exposed, then all parties involved in the transaction will have difficulty escaping recourse.
2.8. Will the blockchain consume all the energy in the world?
BTC has an amazing energy demand. Operating Bitcoin for one year requires the energy consumption of Ireland for one year. Because BTC’s POW consensus mechanism requires miners to mine for transaction verification. There are concerns that as the network increases and the value of BTC rises, energy demand will grow rapidly. In fact, miners themselves have incentives to prevent this from happening, and the scalability of the blockchain is limited by availability, energy costs, and the miners' own financial resources. The current alternative is the POS consensus mechanism. The POS mechanism selects validators based on the number of currency holders.
In fact, it can be seen that except for the early batch of cryptocurrencies headed by BTC, the vast majority of current blockchain projects have taken into account the disadvantages of POW and are constantly innovating consensus mechanisms to avoid excessive consumption of energy. Therefore, blockchain is not enough to cause such a huge consumption of energy.
2.9. Will blockchain take our jobs?
Regarding blockchain, if people can trade directly with each other, what impact will blockchain have on intermediaries such as banks and lawyers? Blockchain is unlikely to be a job killer; it will, like any technology, change the nature of work by changing companies’ business and revenue models.
When artificial intelligence becomes popular, people will continue to ask questions like this. On the one hand, we enjoy the convenience that technology brings to us, but on the other hand, we are worried that technology will replace us. The biggest challenge of blockchain is not the technology itself, but changing the traditional profit distribution model. Blockchain technology can remove certain intermediary links, break the monopoly of many resources by centralized institutions, and thus change the interest pattern. This is also the most revolutionary point of blockchain.
2.10. Is the United States lagging behind in the development of the blockchain industry?
Globally, the blockchain industry in the United States is still in its infancy. Deloitte surveyed 1,053 executives in financial services, healthcare, technology industries, telecommunications, manufacturing and other industries in 2018. According to the survey, only 14% of American respondents believe that blockchain is used in their production, compared with 49% in China, 48% in Mexico, 40% in the United Kingdom, and 36% in Canada. Plans are also lagging: 41% of U.S. companies plan to invest $1 million or more in blockchain, compared with 85% in China, 74% in Canada, 72% in the United Kingdom, and 65% in Mexico.
According to the "White Paper on the Development of Blockchain in China and the United States" released by Silicon Valley Insights, North America is comparable to Asia in terms of the number of ICOs. In terms of financing amount, North America is far behind with 7.85 billion.Far ahead. Therefore, the United States, as a major country in North America, is not lagging behind at all. On the contrary, it is still leading in many aspects.
《Harnessing Blockchain for American Business and Prosperity》
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Introduction to Tianjige: Tianjige (LD Research) was established on July 2, 2018. It is a company dedicated to exploring the unknown of science and technology, taking human development as the driving force, and taking "BASE Research for Solving Real" Problems" as the purpose of the research institute.
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Related questions and answers: What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?
What are the uses of blockchain technology in the business field?
In recent years, due to the virtual digital With currency speculation booming, blockchain, as its underlying technology, has also begun to receive widespread attention. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, collective maintenance, and reliable storage. It is currently widely used in the field of virtual currency.
Since the birth of Bitcoin, more than 1,600 virtual currencies have appeared in the world, and a huge industrial chain ecosystem has been formed around the generation, storage, and trading of virtual currencies. But overall, the industry is still in its infancy and is still far away from the real value use area. The core of the blockchain economy lies in the reconstruction of business logic and organizational forms, so it is necessary to obtain practical examples in multiple industries to demonstrate its value. This article will explore the business models used by blockchain in various industries from the perspective of combining blockchain with industry needs.
First of all, the core of blockchain is to solve the problem of credit:
Credit is the foundation of all commercial activities and finance. The United States has implemented trusted identification since 2011, while China has implemented a real-name system to achieve supervised information dissemination. The significance of blockchain is that it has established decentralized trust from a technical level for the first time and realized a completely distributed credit system.
Secondly, blockchain solves the problem of value exchange:
Traditional networks can achieve point-to-point transmission of information, but cannot achieve point-to-point transmission of value. Because information is allowed to be copied, and value must be authentic and unique, it is necessary to rely on a centralized organization to achieve value transfer. Blockchain perfectly solves this problem and provides a method to realize point-to-point transfer of value. During the value transfer process, accounting is realized by the network without relying on a centralized institution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to become the infrastructure for building new finance and the cornerstone of the future value Internet.
The use of blockchain
There are currently two main modes of using blockchain:
1)Native blockchain use: directly based on decentralized blockchain technology, realizing value transfer and transactions, such as digital currency;
2) "Blockchain+" model: combining traditional scenarios and areas The underlying protocols of the blockchain are combined to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It is expected that the use of blockchain in various industries will be dominated by the second model.
Blockchain has five core attributes, namely: transaction attributes (value attributes), certificate attributes, trust attributes, intelligence attributes, and traceability attributes. The above core attributes are combined with the needs of the industry to solve the industry's pain points and become the business model used by blockchain in various industries.
Blockchain + Bank
1. Cross-border payment
Cross-border payment is a pain point that has long plagued the banking industry. Traditional cross-border payment methods include two major categories: one is online payment, including electronic account payment and international credit card payment, which is suitable for retail small amounts; the other is the bank remittance model, which is suitable for large-amount transactions; both have payment cycles Long, high fees, low transaction transparency and other issues. Especially with the rise of cross-border e-commerce in recent years, convenient, fast, safe and low-cost cross-border payment has become an urgent need for the industry.
The role of blockchain:
The characteristics of blockchain are deintermediation and open and transparent transactions. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees, and increases transaction transparency. For example, in December 2017, China Merchants Bank teamed up with Wing Lung Bank and Wing Lung Shenzhen Branch to successfully implement cross-border RMB remittances between the three parties using blockchain technology. Its clearing process is safe, efficient and fast, greatly improving customer experience.
2. Supply chain finance
The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs.
The role of blockchain:
Blockchain introduces consensus mechanism, existence proof, non-tampering, traceability and other characteristics into supply chain finance, and does not require third-party credit enhancement agencies to authenticate various relevant credentials in the supply chain. authenticity, thereby reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle. For example, in April 2017, the listed company Yijian and IBM China Research jointly launched the blockchain supply chain financial service system "Yijian Block". The system focuses on pharmaceutical scenarios and currently has more than 30 pharmaceutical distribution companies. Successfully registered in the "Yijian Block", as of the end of July, the number of transactions had been close to 8,000, and the total investment amount exceeded 100 million yuan.
3. Digital Bills
The pain point of the digital bill industry lies in the long-term problems of "false bills" and "one vote selling many", which have brought risks to the bill financing business of the banking industry.
The role of blockchain:
The existence proof and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain effectively solve the problem of false digital bills; at the same time, blockchain solves the double-spend problem and avoids "one vote". Sell more". For example, Shenzhen Blockchain Financial Services Co., Ltd. issues ticket chain products and provides ticket financing services based on the blockchain.Meet the bill financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Cooperative banks include Ganzhou Bank, Guiyang Bank, Suzhou Bank, Shizuishan Bank, Langfang Bank, Wuhai Bank, Jilin Jiutai Rural Commercial Bank, Yaodu Rural Commercial Bank, Shenzhen Rural Industry Bank, Weifang Bank, Zhongyuan Bank, etc. In addition, Zheshang Bank, JD Finance, Hang Seng Electronics, HNA, etc. are also verifying blockchain digital bill services.
Blockchain + Securities
1. Asset Securitization
Asset securitization uses future income as a guarantee to obtain current financing. The pain points in this field are: there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, information asymmetry, and the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed.
The role of blockchain:
Blockchain introduces attributes such as existence proof, non-tamperability, and consensus mechanism for asset securitization. It can monitor the true situation of assets in real time and solve the problem of the underlying issues of institutions in the transaction chain. Asset trust issues. Various assets such as equity, bonds, bills, income certificates, warehouse receipts, etc. can be integrated into the blockchain and become digital assets on the chain, improving asset circulation efficiency and reducing costs. For example, in May 2017, Internet Finance and partners including Baiqian Leasing and Huaneng Trust jointly issued an asset securitization ABS project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan.
Blockchain + Insurance
1. Insurance Business
The insurance industry has problems such as information asymmetry and lack of trust between customers and insurance institutions: it is difficult for users to choose insurance products that suit them, while insurance institutions Face the risk of insurance fraud.
The role of blockchain:
The decentralized, open, transparent, and traceable characteristics of blockchain establish a good communication channel between insurance institutions and users; insurance subject information is managed uniformly on the blockchain , cannot be tampered with, helping insurance institutions avoid the risk of insurance fraud; at the same time, smart contracts can improve work efficiency and reduce costs. For example, French insurance giant AXA is using the Ethereum public blockchain to provide automated flight delay compensation for air travelers. If the flight is delayed for more than 2 hours, the "smart contract" insurance product will automatically pay claims to passengers.
2. Credit information management
The pain point in this field is that credit information agencies have limited data collection channels and a lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to accurately characterize the credit status of individuals or institutions; in addition, there are also problems in how to guarantee the data collection process. User privacy issues.
The role of blockchain:
Blockchain has the characteristics of trustlessness, consensus, and non-tampering. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit data sharing can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting user privacy. And verification. For example, Ping An's blockchain credit reporting business is now online. In addition, domestic startups such as Shanghai Juzhen, LinkEye, Bubi Blockchain, etc. are also exploring joint credit reporting and safe certificate storage.
As a basic technology, blockchain has great use value in many industries with distributed processing, peer-to-peer transactions, and rapid establishment of trust relationships. Its core is to solve the problem of credit and realizePoint-to-point delivery of value. Therefore, it is considered to be the cornerstone of the future value Internet.
The core of the blockchain business model is to use the innovative attributes introduced by the blockchain and combine it with traditional industry uses to realize the reconstruction of business logic in order to create new usage scenarios, or improve efficiency and reduce costs.
It is expected that the use of blockchain will first start in the pan-financial field that has high requirements for credit, efficiency, and security: the financial industry pays more attention to efficiency and security, and blockchain has a high degree of matching with its pain points, and can be used for Systematically solve trust issues, efficiency issues, default risks, etc. that exist in all aspects of financial services; blockchain’s attributes such as “transaction, certificate storage, and traceability” are more likely to generate value in the financial industry. At the same time, the market space in the financial industry is huge, and small progress can bring huge benefits.
Blockchain will also extend to all areas of social life: Blockchain solves problems such as the management, transaction, and transfer of digital assets, and therefore will play an important role in the wave of asset digitization, such as supply chain management, data Applications such as services, asset management, public services, and the Internet of Things are gradually being implemented in various fields, and "blockchain+" is becoming a reality.
Ⅶ What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?
What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology? What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and of equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure storage consistency, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
There is noEach node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with the authorization of the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. A characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data
What is the core component of blockchain technology? Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, the transaction point pairing of transaction activities is realized through network technology support.Points, decentralization, recorded information cannot be tampered with, transactions are irreversible, information encryption and other difficult problems have been broken through.
The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous expansion of applications. This powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has caused rapid changes in blockchain technology, allowing various industries to achieve great results. The results are attracting more and more attention, and professional technologies and resources are constantly concentrated in this industry, thus bringing the development of blockchain technology to a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that blockchain can be regarded as a technical solution for collectively maintaining reliable databases through "decentralization" and "trustlessness". In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China and has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform. It can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
The blockchain technology used by all parties involved in recording and storing information adopts a decentralized distributed structure, which saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has a time stamp that cannot be tampered with. It can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect payment systems and securities settlement.systems, transaction databases and other financial infrastructure; later this technology will also be expanded to general financial services, such as credit systems, "anti-money laundering", etc.
"The payment and clearing system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization. The electronic ledger supported by blockchain technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with. It has various functions for payment, clearing, transaction, confirmation of rights, etc. A profound impact," Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of all things deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules. Build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will affect many industries
"Blockchain technology has been widely used in the era of big data." Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet financial field, blockchain technology has been used in many industries. It has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, the healthcare industry has benefited greatly from blockchain technology. In reality, patient private information leaks often occur, and centralized database or file cabinet management in medical departments is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology also has important legal implications. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
"Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, this technology can be used to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that any production and life that lacks trust In all fields, blockchain technology will have its place."
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This The impact of this driving force on society and the promotion of economic activities are also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, expecting this brand-new technology to be used by various industries and better benefit all industries.
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization. , open and transparent, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending them to every other node in the entire network, so blockchain technology alsoIt is called a distributed ledger.
What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes the core technologies of blockchain technology as follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.
The core of the blockchain is that it stores all information in an independent personal computer network, making it a decentralized and distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or person, but that everyone can use and run the system.
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What is blockchain technology?Blockchain has been hyped up like crazy, but you know nothing about it!
Blockchain is a distributed database system participated by different nodes and an open ledger system.
It consists of a series of data blocks or data packets generated according to cryptographic methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically timestamped, thus Calculate a data encryption value, that is, a hash value (hash).
Blockchain technology is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized ledger in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.
Ⅷ Principles of Blockchain Technology
The application of Blockchain technology in life has just begun, but the changes it has brought are very huge. This change comes from all aspects and will have an important impact on the lives of ordinary people.
“The current college entrance examination determines life for a lifetime, but if we use blockchain, we can record all the learning records and extracurricular activities of a child from the time he enters school at the age of six to the college entrance examination. Then The examiner of the college entrance examination does not need to pass a test or an interview to determine the talent selection, but can decide what kind of talent he wants through all their records."
Regarding the application of blockchain technology, Qin Yi, Deloitte Global Financial Services Partner, said this when introducing it to Jinping Media.
With regard to blockchain, there are still more explanations in our countryIt remains at the conceptual level, and there are no truly large-scale popular applications in China. It has to be said that blockchain still maintains a certain distance from the public. In this exclusive interview with Qin Yi, I believe it can help you have a deeper understanding of the blockchain.
Blockchain is disintermediation
Blockchain, many explanations are decentralization. Different from the general explanation. Qin Yi said: "It is not decentralization, but disintermediation."
Because the data is distributed in a distributed way, there is a strong security mechanism in it. Qin Yi said: "No matter which server is serving, the entire data storage is not easy to detect. But the most important thing is that because of the reliability of the data, we do not need an intermediary to prove who you are, but rely on A record that can be trusted by each other to facilitate the occurrence of any transaction in life.
In her opinion, the blockchain is actually a database, but when storing data, it has its own characteristics, security sex, integrity, authenticity, non-tamperability, etc.
For this technology, Qin Yi concluded: Such technology will bring about earth-shaking changes in life.
How to reflect commercial value?
Compared with foreign blockchain technology, domestic blockchain is still at a stage of widespread awareness. What kind of business will blockchain bring to us in the future? Value? Look at the progress abroad and maybe you can see some possibilities.
"Two weeks ago (that day was April 20), Bank of Ireland and Deloitte jointly issued a statement. Three months ago, Ireland ’s international investment banking department asked Deloitte to help design a way to track the investment behavior of his clients. Improve customer understanding. In order to meet European regulatory requirements, after three months of hard work, they have successfully completed the validated model. ”
A Deloitte executive also said that if this technology can be applied, it will greatly reduce industry transaction costs.
Deloitte also released a report in 2016, It is said that 2016 will be the first year for blockchain to move from the laboratory to real life. Bubi (Beijing) Network Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as: Bubi) is a leading domestic blockchain technology service provider and has been focusing on In the research and development and innovation of blockchain technology and products, it has a number of core technologies and has achieved substantial innovations in many aspects, forming a number of core technological achievements, such as: mathematically provable distributed consensus technology, rapid Large-scale ledger access technology, multi-chain general ledger technology that supports business expansion, interconnection technology between heterogeneous blockchains, etc. Developed its own basic blockchain service platform, which has been used in equity, supply chain, points, and credit Carry out applications in other fields. Bubi has been committed to building an open value circulation network with decentralized trust as the core, allowing digital assets to flow freely.
Blockchain technologyWith the in-depth development of technology in many companies, this change in the lives of ordinary people has become more and more obvious.
