如何在审计中运用区块链技术呢,如何在审计中运用区块链技术的方法

随着区块链技术的发展，越来越多的企业和组织开始将其用于审计工作。本文将为您介绍如何在审计中运用区块链技术，以及它的三个关键词：不可篡改性、可追溯性和安全性。

不可篡改性：区块链技术的核心特征之一是其不可篡改性。每一个区块都会包含前一个区块的数据，并且每一个区块都是由一个难以伪造的数字签名保护的，这保证了数据的完整性和安全性。因此，在审计中，可以完全信任区块链的数据，因为它不可能被篡改。

可追溯性：另一个重要的特征是区块链的可追溯性。因为区块链的每一个区块都会记录前一个区块的数据，因此可以追溯到每一个交易的详细信息。这使得审计工作变得更加容易，因为审计人员可以更容易地追溯到交易的历史记录，从而更好地识别可疑交易。

安全性：最后，由于区块链的数据是由一个难以伪造的数字签名保护的，因此在审计过程中，可以确保数据的安全性。此外，由于区块链的数据是分布式的，因此它可以确保数据的安全性，从而确保审计的准确性。

总之，区块链技术在审计中的应用可以为审计提供更多的便利，其中可以拓展的三个关键词是不可篡改性、可追溯性和安全性。它们可以帮助审计人员更好地识别可疑交易，从而提高审计的准确性。

⑴ How can blockchain technology be reasonably applied in the accounting field

Newton’s industry application
1) Chain merchant retail: in a corporate organization Under the structure, capital income has far exceeded labor income. With the development of computers and the Internet, the new generation of giant retail institutions has accelerated the accumulation of wealth in capital. Chain merchants are the basic business model of the human-machine community. Any behavior that makes a positive contribution to the human-machine community will be incentivized. The application of the chain merchant model in the retail industry is beneficial to reducing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy, and promoting intelligent collaboration.
newmall: In the NewMall online mall, since there is no profitable commercial intermediary, sellers’ transaction costs will drop significantly. Participants such as consumers and service providers can obtain Newton tokens based on their contribution value (NewForce). excitation.
New digital asset management: Consumption data, as a new digital asset for users, can be managed through tools such as NewPay. Users truly own the data and can perform authorization control, pricing and charging, etc. to prevent uninformed data leakage.
Targeted Advertising: Users can use tools such as NewPay to set whether to accept marketing, as well as the type of information required, price range, etc. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including: target users, incentive models, settlement methods, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can accurately place ads and conduct peer-to-peer settlement with users to eliminate advertising fraud.
2) Payment: Current payment costs are high, efficiency is low, and flexibility is poor. Through technologies such as blockchain, a new generation of transaction and payment systems can be built. Internet of Things devices based on NewIoT technology can be connected to NewChain at very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to achieve automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario.
Global payment: Through the NewChain infrastructure and NewPay payment tools distributed around the world, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the fees are extremely low.
3) Supply chain: Goods usually go through many links such as logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales, etc., and are finally delivered to consumers. When after-sales service occurs, there will also be corresponding reverse processes. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin of goods, circulation information, etc. This is a big problem for some industries, such as food, medicine, and luxury goods. Therefore, a supply chain system that is open, transparent and credible to all stakeholders is very important.
Through the combination of atomic hashing, NewIOT, NewChain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, while generating more business innovations.
4) Self-finance: The traditional financial service system has a heavy audit workload, long cycle, high cost, and poor flexibility. It is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals. Through digital identity and credit, you canTo establish a new self-financing system.
Enterprise and individual credit reporting: Enterprises and individuals establish a consistent credit system based on NewID. Only with authorization can third parties obtain credit records.
Asset tokenization: Through smart contract templates, financial organizations can create financial products without human involvement. Through related token tools based on NewChain, various assets can be easily valued with tokens or converted into tokens and put on the chain.
5) Gaming: By combining with blockchain technology, a new gaming experience can be created: the user is both a player and a participant in the rules, and virtual game assets are owned by the user.
Automatic trading of virtual game assets: Through the cross-chain and oracle technology provided by NewChain, virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, enabling automated transactions.
Games with transparent rules: Game developers can easily use NewChain related smart contract tools to establish algorithmically transparent game logic to improve the fairness and transparency of the game.
6) Agriculture: In current agriculture, there are common problems such as incomplete data and low automation. Blockchain combined with Internet of Things technology can automatically collect, store, and analyze production data, eliminating the high maintenance costs of centralized management systems, reducing later maintenance costs, and helping to improve the intelligence and scale of agriculture.
Agricultural product traceability: By introducing IoT devices compatible with the NewIoT standard into the circulation of agricultural supplies, agricultural production, and sales of agricultural products, the safety and efficiency of the entire agricultural production process can be improved. Due to the non-tampering nature of production data, it can be widely used For scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes.
Intelligent planting: Through the Internet of Things sensors compatible with the NewIoT standard, all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth can be achieved. Combined with NewAI to make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, a complete intelligent planting system has been built to enable timely detection. risks, stable production and increased income.
7) Public welfare: Blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field due to its decentralization, high transparency, and non-tamperable information. Charitable organizations can store the entire process information from donation collection, project progress, donation use, recipient feedback, etc. on NewChain for easy viewing by donors and the public.
Public welfare audit: Public welfare activities require public welfare auditing to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through technologies and protocols such as NewChain and NewID, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare organizations can use relevant tools to track the subsequent status of aid recipients, which will help enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare.
Wildlife protection: Using NewIoT technology, rare wildlife resource data can be recorded on NewChain, so that the location and body indicators of each specific animal can be tracked, providing information for migration scientific research and combating poaching and trafficking. Key information help.

⑵ How can blockchain technology be applied?What it does

Take buying a house as an example: Buying a house is a complex transaction process, with participants including sellers, buyers, intermediary companies, housing authorities, banks, appraisal companies, tax bureaus, etc. Throughout the transaction process, all participants must record their own ledgers separately. Checking these ledgers is a very time-consuming and laborious task, and the verification cost is very high. That's why the entire process of buying a home now takes an average of two months.

In addition to being time-consuming and labor-intensive, since there is very little information that can be verified by a single participant, there is a risk of being "cheated at both ends" by the intermediary company, or "sold for more than one house". However, blockchain provides a solution: integrating all participants' ledgers into a trustworthy and non-tamperable digital ledger, which can be queried by all participants. In this way, every aspect of the home buying process is clearly visible, and everyone can conduct transactions with less time and effort.

Bitcoin is the first application of blockchain technology. Without the operation and management of any centralized organization, Bitcoin has maintained stable operation for many years without any problems. Through this case, everyone saw the potential of blockchain technology.

In order to prevent single points of failure and systemic risks, the current financial industry requires strict supervision and layer-by-layer audits to control risks, which also results in high internal costs. The traditional cross-border settlement method is through intermediaries like SWIFT, so the settlement speed is very slow. However, Bitcoin has been running perfectly for many years without the operation of a centralized institution. It can not only realize settlement and clearing in real time, but also There was not a single accounting error.

According to a report released by Santander, Spain’s largest bank, if all banks around the world use blockchain technology internally around 2020, they will save approximately US$20 billion in costs per year. Such data is enough to illustrate the tremendous changes and breakthroughs that "blockchain" has brought to the traditional financial field.

⑶ What accounting problems do you think blockchain technology can solve

Blockchain technology uses computers to answer some propositions that cannot be calculated by the human brain. Generally, these propositions cannot be passed. To judge by reverse reasoning, you can only try one number at a time, so this is our legendary mining. Therefore, the stronger the computing power of the computer, the easier it is to try the correct number, which means that our mining is successful.
This is completely different from the calculations in accounting. Most of the calculations in accounting use floating point calculations, which are completely different things.

⑷What are the applications of blockchain technology?

Developing Ethereum Cat based on Ethereum, this is not considered an application, it is a bit interesting to play, and there is also NetEase Planet. For traceability, I have snapped up the Orange Chain made by China Enterprise Tongbao Blockchain, which is used for blockchain traceability records on Orange.

⑸ Why the ‘Big Four’ are so fond of Bitcoin and blockchain

Arguably the world’s largest services companies are all pushing to bring blockchain solutions to their customers, offering a cheaper, more efficient and faster alternative to existing infrastructure. The big four in auditing are favoring Bitcoin and blockchain solutions.
Recently, audit giant KPMG and Microsoft have reached a new strategic partnership. This cooperation between the two companies will be dedicated to the digitalization of large and medium-sized IoT companies in India.
Deloitte is investing heavily in Bitcoin and blockchain technology. Deloitte’s in-house team Rubix is ​​focusing on developing blockchain applications, and Deloitte Canada recently installed a Bitcoin ATM in its Toronto office.
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) is also involved in blockchain development, including their partnership with Bitcoin blockchain startup Blockstream. The services giant also has a partnership with New York-based blockchain startup Digital Assets. In March 2016, PricewaterhouseCoopers released a report, believing that blockchain is a "unparalleled" opportunity to achieve a technological leap in the financial services industry.
In addition, EY Switzerland has announced that from 2017, they will accept Bitcoin as a payment method for services. (Sina)
Blockchain is the basic protocol of Bitcoin, and blockchain is the hottest word in 2016. Giant companies such as Microsoft, Wanda, Tencent, and Ant Financial are already paying attention to blockchain. Domestic European crowdfunding is at the forefront of utilizing blockchain technology.

⑹ Why Bitcoin and Blockchain are Favored by the 'Audit Big Four'

It can be said that the world's largest service companies are all promoting the provision of blockchain solutions to customers, providing A cheaper, more effective and faster solution to replace existing infrastructure.
Deloitte
A clear example is Deloitte, which is investing heavily in Bitcoin and blockchain technology. Deloitte’s in-house team Rubix is ​​focusing on developing blockchain applications, and Deloitte Canada recently installed a Bitcoin ATM in its Toronto office.
Illiana Oris Valiente, Co-Founder and Head of Strategy at Rubix Team explains:
“We believe it is very important to show people how to earn Bitcoin because it is an entry point into understanding the broader impact of blockchain.”
Deloitte also explains how blockchain can transform industries including healthcare, financial services and infrastructure and even points rewards programs. These include Deloitte’s successful proof-of-concept trial of blockchain for transaction reporting in partnership with Bank of Ireland.
Recently, Deloitte and London blockchain startup SETL reached the first blockchain investment plan. About a month ago, Deloitte and SETL announced a collaboration to develop a contactless card that uses blockchain technology for transactions.Easy settlement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) is also involved in blockchain development, including their partnership with Bitcoin blockchain startup Blockstream relation. The services giant also has a partnership with New York-based blockchain startup Digital Assets. In March 2016, PricewaterhouseCoopers released a report, believing that blockchain is a "unparalleled" opportunity to achieve a technological leap in the financial services industry.
Ernst & Young (EY)

Meanwhile, the last of the 'Audit Big Four', Ernst & Young (EY) recently established a partnership with the famous Bitcoin mining company Bitfury Group entered into a partnership to provide blockchain services by leveraging the latter’s expertise.
In addition, EY Switzerland has announced that from 2017, they will accept Bitcoin as a payment method for services. This plan demonstrates Ernst & Young’s recognition of Bitcoin, the underlying technology of which is the most powerful public blockchain.
Blockchain technology is not only popular abroad, it is also the darling of the financial community at home. Domestic giants such as LeTV Finance, Ant Financial, Internet, Tencent, Wanda, and China Post are all paying attention to blockchain technology. Puyin Group launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency based on blockchain technology.

⑺ What is blockchain technology and what areas it may be used for in the future

The development of technology is often beyond your imagination, from the agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution to the information revolution, as of The blockchain revolution has now begun. Reaching the height of the cognitive revolution should be considered a relatively big proposition. Why did the previous emergence of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. not mention the cognitive revolution, but blockchain can?

How to quickly enter the blockchain industry?

1. Find the top experts in this industry and learn or communicate with them, such as Li Xiaolai, such as Uncle Cai

2. You can buy some books. News books are not as mixed as Taobao. There are only a few classics, pick a few and read them through

3. You can search for more related articles, public accounts, Zhihu or other, which have a lot of information. You can find yourself after reading 30 high-quality articles. Article, you are basically getting started.

WeChat public account: Workplace Cheese Pie, tell you about things in the workplace

⑻ How to apply blockchain technology to actual scenarios

Blockchain is divided into public chain and private chain, but in fact, it is more appropriate to use the concepts of public chain and permissioned chain to distinguish.

Everyone can join the public chain. In order to attract more people to join, it also has a certain incentive mechanism. This incentive mechanism is based on the consensus algorithm of the blockchain and uses Bitcoin as the unit of account. In order to make incentives more effective, methods such as anchoring to legal currency are usually adopted to make the accounting unit valuable. over time, it has accumulated a certain degree of credibility, and can do business such as certificate deposit and payment on the public chain.

Permissioned chains include what are commonly known as private chains and consortium chains.

It is more appropriate to use "proprietary chain" to refer to "private chain". Proprietary chains are usually used within a large company or group. In many-to-many reporting systems and reconciliation systems, management costs are very high. Using blockchain technology to achieve information sharing and more effective supervision can greatly reduce costs and improve efficiency.

A consortium chain is often a blockchain jointly constructed by several enterprises. These enterprises are already related, either upstream and downstream, Party A and Party B, or horizontal interconnection cooperation. In order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, using blockchain technology.

To a certain extent, the consortium chain and the proprietary chain are essentially the same. Both require participants to obtain technical permission to join, and all parties are also restricted, so they are called Permission chain. Because there is a correlation in the original economic activities, there is no need for an incentive mechanism on the blockchain, and tokens may not necessarily be generated in actual applications.

2. How to protect privacy on the blockchain where information is disclosed?

In the application of blockchain, information is transparent and shared, so how to solve the problem of privacy protection? How to deal with the relationship between supervision, checks and balances and privacy protection?

In fact, the sharing of information on the blockchain is selective sharing, and transparency is also limited transparency. Not all data will be written to the blockchain, only those that require supervision and sharing. In addition, not all data that has been written to the blockchain is transparent. Those opaque data may require authorization to see. These are achieved through encryption means.

3. How to ensure processing efficiency while data is growing rapidly?

With the growth of data, the database is getting larger and larger, which not only increases the storage burden, but also affects the processing effect at any time. How to deal with the contradiction between efficiency and data growth is a matter of great concern to people. .

And because there are many parties involved in the blockchain, some people may think that its data processing efficiency must be lower than that of a centralized network.

In fact, this depends on actual needs. In most cases, blockchain can meet efficiency needs.

The two major links that affect processing efficiency are the verification mechanism, which verifies the authenticity of each packaged block; and the second is the consensus algorithm. This second step takes the most time.

For permissioned chains, there are many ways to improve efficiency. For example, the POW algorithm is not used in the verification mechanism, but the verification pool algorithm is used. Which data is written to the blockchain, which data is transparent, and which is supervised can all be determined based on the actual situation.

4. Real application needs of blockchain.

In various current discussions, people have imagined various blockchain application needs. But many of them are not real needs.

Whether a blockchain application demand is real or not, it is easy to judge whether the blockchain application solves actual problems - whether it can reduce costs and improve efficiency, rather than for the sake of application. Blockchain and application of blockchain.

According to customer feedback, in the actual application of blockchain, the most important thing is security and controllability - consensus algorithm, hierarchical authorization, and joint signature can only be applied under the premise of controllability. A further requirement is to be able to perform high-performance processing, including transaction processing efficiency and read efficiency of storage structures. The third is private key and privacy management. It is of course necessary to have both transparent supervision and privacy protection. The fourth is the built-in simple contract. The reason why it is a simple contract rather than a smart contract is also due to controllability considerations. As intelligence increases, controllability will inevitably decrease. Finally, scalability means supporting multiple types of transactions and certificates, supporting massive data and large-scale users. For a better user experience, there must also be fast development and visualization tools, which is essential for the popularization of blockchain applications. is very critical.