区块链门户网站源码是什么,区块链官网源码

区块链门户网站源码是构建区块链门户网站的基础，可以为区块链社区提供有效的信息传播、交流服务。本文将介绍三个相关关键词：区块链开发、区块链技术、区块链应用，为读者提供相关信息。

区块链开发是指使用技术来构建、部署和维护区块链网络。它包括构建区块链应用、构建区块链智能合约、构建区块链可信服务等。区块链开发的核心技术是分布式账本技术，它可以记录、管理和存储交易数据，并通过密码学和共识机制确保数据的安全性。此外，区块链开发还需要一些其他技术，如智能合约、分布式计算、数据库技术等。

区块链技术是指用于构建和运行区块链网络的技术。它包括比特币、以太坊、Hyperledger、Ripple等技术，以及智能合约、密码学、分布式账本技术、共识机制等。比特币是一种去中心化的数字货币，它使用密码学和分布式账本技术来确保交易的安全性。以太坊是一种去中心化的智能合约平台，它使用智能合约来执行交易，以及使用共识机制来确保交易的安全性。Hyperledger是一种开源的区块链技术，它支持多种类型的分布式应用，提供更高级别的灵活性。Ripple是一种去中心化的支付网络，它使用分布式账本技术来确保交易的安全性。

区块链应用是指使用区块链技术开发的应用程序。它可以用于支付、供应链管理、资产管理、智能合约、身份认证等。支付应用可以使用比特币或其他加密货币来安全地完成交易。供应链管理应用可以使用区块链技术来追踪和记录供应链中的物流数据，以确保数据的安全性和可靠性。资产管理应用可以使用区块链技术来管理资产，包括股票、债券、房地产等。智能合约应用可以使用以太坊等技术来执行智能合约，从而提高交易的安全性和透明度。身份认证应用可以使用区块链技术来验证用户的身份，从而提高安全性。

总之，区块链门户网站源码是构建区块链门户网站的基础，它主要包括区块链开发、区块链技术和区块链应用三个方面，为区块链社区提供有效的信息传播、交流服务。

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A. What are the core technologies of blockchain system development - blockchain transaction system development -

Blockchain technology is an emerging technology today, but so It’s not quite right to say that, because this technology was born with the emergence of Bitcoin ten years ago, but it is no problem to say that it is a very hot technology at the moment. After 10 years of continuous updates, blockchain technology has finally seen relevant applications in the past two years, and has entered the blockchain 3.0 era. In the next 3-5 years, I believe there will be more fields that require blockchain Chain system to support. Below, the editor of blockchain system development loopodo will take you to take a look at several core technologies for blockchain system development.
1. Hash algorithm
Hash algorithm is the most commonly used algorithm in the development of blockchain systems. Hash function is also called hash function or hash function. The hash function can convert data of any length into a set of fixed-length codes through the Hash algorithm. The principle is based on a cryptographic one-way hash function. This function is easy to verify, but difficult to crack. Usually, the industry uses y =h (x) to represent it. This hash function implements operations on x to calculate a hash value y.
2. Asymmetric encryption algorithm
Asymmetric encryption algorithm is a secret key method. Asymmetric encryption algorithm requires two keys: public key and private key. . The public key and the private key are a pair. If the public key is used to encrypt data, it can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key. Because encryption and decryption use two different keys, this algorithm is called an asymmetric encryption algorithm
3. Consensus Mechanism
The so-called "consensus mechanism" is through the voting of special nodes. The verification and confirmation of the transaction can be completed in a very short time; for a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, we can think that the entire network can also reach a consensus on it.
Today’s blockchain consensus mechanisms can be divided into four major categories: Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Delegated Proof of Shares (DPoS) and Pool verification pool.
4. Smart Contract
A smart contract is a digital, networked version of a traditional contract. They are computer programs that run on the blockchain and can execute themselves when conditions written in the source code are met. Once a smart contract is written, it can be trusted by users and the terms of the contract will not be changed. Therefore, the contract is immutable and cannot be modified by anyone.
Developers write code for smart contracts, which are used for transactions and any exchange between two or more parties. The code will contain some conditions that trigger automatic execution of the contract. Once written, the smart contract is automatically uploaded to the network. Once the data is uploaded to all devices, users can interact with the program code executingThe result was an agreement.
5. Distributed Storage
Distributed storage uses the disk space on each machine in the enterprise through the network, and combines these dispersed storage resources into a virtual storage device, and the data is distributed in Every corner of the enterprise. Massive data is divided according to the degree of structure, and can be roughly divided into structured data, unstructured data, and semi-structured data.
Lupuda Network Technology focuses on blockchain system development, Ethereum development, blockchain transaction system development, virtual currency platform development, currency transaction system development, and digital currency wallet system development

B. Does the code of blockchain projects need to be sourced? Why

Blockchain is a consensus mechanism, which means that such participants must be transparent, that is, the running code must It is open source code. The so-called open source code means that the code is visible.

Everyone can compile and execute the program they compiled, which also means that everyone can modify the code and run it. Under the current mechanism, it can be done no matter how the code is modified, as long as those who modify the code If people do not exceed 51%, then this kind of modification is meaningless and will instead waste your own computing power.

So, at least the people involved must know the code. If the code of a blockchain project is not open source, then the nodes running its program will be opaque, which is equivalent to you putting His agent is installed on his own node and will execute orders on behalf of this owner. It is equivalent to system developers controlling the entire network. How is this kind of blockchain possible?

From a conceptual perspective, if a blockchain project is compared to a machine, its working mechanism is transparent and it is a trustworthy machine. This is how we understand this. First, open source is a must for blockchain projects, not an option. Both public chains and alliance projects need to be open source. Second, open source and delivering source code are two different things. Different concepts, delivering source code is not an open, transparent, and joint process for everyone to participate.

For example, in Ethereum, a certain platform currency running on its platform once had a vulnerability and needed to be modified. This modification was directly reflected in the code. In the process of reading the code , I found that the relevant code of the currency appears in many places, which is used to deal with how the node should deal with this problem once it encounters this problem. These processing methods are all written in open source code and can be read by everyone. If the person in charge of the node If he approves this solution, he will run this program, which is equivalent to supporting the decision of this code. In fact, the blockchain is implemented through this mechanism.

C. What is blockchain

[Definition]

Blockchain refers to the collective Maintain aTechnical solutions that rely on databases. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system for a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.

Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology. Blockchain technology can be implemented through many programming languages ​​and architectures. . There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" by the author who calls himself Satoshi Nakamoto (Satoshi Nakamoto) individual (or group). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.

[Popular explanation]

No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.

If we imagine the database as a ledger: Alipay, for example, is a typical ledger, and any change in data is an accounting type. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes in the ledger are recorded in a block. We can imagine this block as a page of paper. After confirming that the record is correct, the system will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this paper, and then This piece of paper is sent to everyone else in the entire system. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This also means that everyone in this system has aWe call this technology blockchain technology (Blockchain), also known as distributed ledger technology.

Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has exactly the same rights, there will be no problem due to a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. The entire system collapses. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.

[Elements]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, we believe that it must have the following four elements to be called a public blockchain technology. If it only has the first three points elements, which we will consider as private blockchain technology (private chain).

1. Point-to-point peer-to-peer network (peer-to-peer power, physical point-to-point connection)

2. Verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non-tamperable database)

3. Distributed consensus mechanism (solve the Byzantine generals problem and double payment)

4. Nash equilibrium game design (cooperation is an evolutionarily stable strategy)
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[Characteristics]

Combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, Collectively maintained (Collectively maintained), reliable database (Reliable Database). And the four characteristics will lead to two other characteristics: open source (Open Source) and privacy protection (Anonymity). If a system does not possess these characteristics, it will not be considered an application based on blockchain technology.

Decentralized: The entire network has no centralized hardware or management organization. The rights and obligations of any node are equal, and any nodeDamage or loss of points will not affect the operation of the entire system. Therefore, the blockchain system can also be considered to have excellent robustness.

Trustless: Each node participating in the entire system does not need to trust each other for data exchange. The operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also public. , therefore within the rule range and time range specified by the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.

Collectively maintain: The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by all nodes with maintenance functions in the entire system, and these nodes with maintenance functions can be participated by anyone.

Reliable Database: The entire system will be divided into databases so that each participating node can obtain a copy of the complete database. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the entire system can be controlled at the same time, modifications to the database on a single node are invalid and cannot affect the data content on other nodes. Therefore, the more nodes and stronger computing power participating in the system, the higher the data security in the system.

Open Source: Since the operating rules of the entire system must be open and transparent, for the program, the entire system must be open source.

Privacy protection (Anonymity): Since nodes do not need to trust each other, there is no need to disclose their identities between nodes. The privacy of each participating node in the system is protected. protected.

D. How to check whether the open source code is decentralized

I am happy to answer this question for you
Today I will share with you the knowledge of open source code query for virtual currencies, including It will be explained. If it happens to solve the problem you are facing now, don’t forget to pay attention to this site. If you have different opinions and views, please actively leave a message in the comment area, and now let’s get to the point!

How to find the open source code of virtual currency and which ones are open
Query the source code of Bitcoin.

Online virtual currencies can be roughly divided into

The first category is the familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulated currency by defeating enemies and winning money in gambling halls. He used these to buy herbs and equipment, but they could only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" among players. Since the Internet established portals and communities and realized the networking of games, virtual currency has had a "financial market" where players can trade game coins.

The second type is special currency issued by portal websites or instant messaging tool service providers, used forPurchase services within this website. The most widely used one is Tencent’s Q coin, which can be used to purchase value-added services such as memberships and QQ shows.

Now every digital virtual currency has open source code, how can we analyze it?
Five ways to distinguish: decentralization, constant "issuance", open source code, independent electronic wallet and third party trading platform.

1. Decentralization

Many people are vague about the concept of decentralization, and there are also many currency-related projects that are promoting this under the banner of decentralization. market.

1. Technical decentralization: Bitcoin and Litecoin are currencies of the entire digital currency, and blockchain technology is 2.0. A 5-year study in the United States failed to study this area and only reached 1.0.

2. Do not belong to any company, country or organization. For example, the RMB, the US dollar, etc. are all legal currencies, issued and controlled by the state, and are centrally controlled; there is also a central bank called Tencent's Q coin, which is called a virtual currency, not a virtual currency, and is issued by Tencent.

2. Why does the price rise? Constant "issuance".

In fact, in the true sense, the word "issuance" should not be used. There are 21 million Bitcoins and 84 million Litecoins. The initiators calculated this digital currency on a computer. It is preserved with a set of formulas, and an Internet program is used to determine how many pieces there can only be in the world. They are excavated.

I heard that mining, mining, and mining machines are limited in time and quantity, and cannot be changed by any individual or organization. If its source code is disclosed, no one can Can be dug. Things are rare and valuable, and the reason for mining is just like the gold on the earth is mined less and less, so it is called mining, and the price will rise.

The RMB has been issued in excess, causing inflation and making it less and less valuable. The real digital currency is one that never evaporates, is constantly "issued" globally, and has real scarcity and deflationary characteristics.

3. Open source code, this is a key core.

Currently, there is only one regulatory platform for all digital currencies. The open source code is mature and must be reviewed by the world’s only digital currency regulatory platform. After passing, it will be listed on this platform and its open source code will be announced.

Another way is to see if Litecoin and Bitcoin are available on major trading platforms. All open and transparent transactions are free transactions.

4. Independent electronic wallet.

Cross-border payments can be made to a certain region.

5. Third-party trading platform

Closed trading platform and open trading platform

1. What is a closed trading platform? ?

For example, in those days when you were shopping by ticket and eating by ticket, you were from a chemical factory and you were from the Grain Bureau. Today you cannot go to the Grain Bureau to eat with your factory meal ticket. It is controlled internally.
2. Open trading platforms, such as OKCOIN and Huobi, are all open. Litecoins purchased on any platform can be bought and sold on this platform, which is open and transparent.
In short, there are five major criteria for whether it is a true digital currency:
1. Decentralization; 2. Open source code; 3. Constant issuance; 4. Third-party trading platform; 5. Electronic wallet.
The basic stage of virtual currency
There is no definition and distinction between game currencies and stocks, derivative financial instruments, especially electronic currencies. In fact, there is an internal clue that can connect these different forms of virtual currencies, which is the maturity of personalized value. We logically summarize it as follows:
1. Bank electronic currency
Bank electronic currency was originally a "pseudo-virtual currency". It only has the form of virtual currency, such as digitization and symbolization, but does not have the essence of virtual currency and has nothing to do with personalization. For example, it is just the counterpart of paper money; it may be issued by a central bank; it may be in the same market as the currency market, etc.
But one thing about bank electronic currency breaks through the extension of currency - that is, it can be issued not by the central bank, but by an information service provider, as was the case with several early electronic currencies. The second breakthrough is that the liquidity of bank electronic money far exceeds that of ordinary currency. Therefore, there is an implicit challenge to the pricing power of the currency price level.
For example, during overnight lending, if the same currency is circulated several times in the form of electronic currency, although from the perspective of traditional currency, nothing has happened, from the perspective of the circulation speed of virtual currency, it has actually happened. Conditions that change the price level of money.
2. Credit Information Currency
Stocks are the most typical credit information currency. Their essence is virtual and a virtual currency with personalized characteristics. It is the most realistic foundation of the current virtual economy. The stock market and derivative financial instruments market constitute a large-scale and unified virtual currency market. They are not only based on physical business, but also supported by a wide range of trust business, insurance business and other information services.
The so-called unified market refers to something specific, which means that this market as a whole can exchange with the currency market at the overall level of national income. Historically, only when the currency forms a unified market, that is, when all the subjects of the national economy are monetized, can the regulatory role of currency volume and interest rates on the national economy be discussed. The same principle applies to the virtual economy.
This issue is not without controversy. Although the scale of the virtual economy is now several times that of the real economy, after all, a large part of the real economy has not entered this unified market. If you compare game currency with stocks, its progress in this regard is still poor.Far. Only through the two stages of entertainment industrialization and industrial entertainment can it be possible to reach the level of a unified market.
Analyzing the stock market and derivative financial instruments market, one of the biggest differences between it and the general money market is that its circulation velocity cannot be directly determined by the central bank. For example, the price level of the stock index, as a virtual currency, cannot be directly determined by the central bank like interest rates, but is directly determined by information called people's "confidence."
The fundamentals of the central bank and the real capital market can only indirectly determine the stock market, not directly. So I think the stock market is an information market rather than a money market.
Compared with the mature virtual currency market, the performance of the stock market is incomplete in terms of main characteristics. The stock market integrates the noise at all reference points (that is, individual gains and losses) into a unified reference value, which is synthesized with the standard value (the fundamental utility value, the general equilibrium value), forming a continuous market fluctuation around the utility value.
Although it is different from the money market with orderly centripetal movement centered on the central bank, it is no different from the money market. From the perspective of the real virtual currency market, incommensurable personalized value is the characteristic of this market. In this sense, the centralized stock market has not fulfilled this function, and the independent role of the stock market as a so-called "casino" has not yet been played.
3. Personalized Credit Vouchers
The fundamental function of virtual currency is to synthesize value "on the spot" of individuality, rather than to determine a rational value in isolation at an equilibrium point divorced from the real world. The significance of virtual currency is to establish a value system centered on the final consumer. After the virtual currency is fully realized, a single currency with only general equivalent functions will tend to be background-based.
Game currency is the experimental field for higher-level virtual currencies, and it is difficult to take on a big role. The ideal virtual currency is a real-world symbol of value. In general equivalent exchange, the specific use value and the subject counterpart of the specific use value - the non-homogeneous needs and personalized needs of people, are completely filtered out.
Virtual currency will change all this. Through virtual means, people's non-homogeneous needs and personalized needs will be anchored to fundamentals with individual reference points to synthesize value. Therefore, virtual currency must have two sides. On the one hand, it has the function of commodity exchange, and on the other hand, it has the function of barter exchange.
Overcome the relativity and subjectivity of value through the former, and achieve personalized value confirmation through the latter. In order to achieve this goal, virtual currency must undergo a huge transformation that is unknown to everyone, which is the transformation to a conversational system and become an interactive currency.
The bargain here is a bargain over the currency price level. Recall that within a few decades, humans have already realized the transformation from text to dialogue, which is exactly the direction of the transformation of virtual currency. The value of game currency is actually uncertain. People exchange game currency, and the happiness they may ultimately get from it, whether it is above or below the currency value, is uncertain until they participate in the game.
The game is a dialogue process. Of course, the various value-added functions of game coins have not yet been developed in conjunction with personalized information services. If this value-added business is fully developed, game currency may become an advantage over stocks because it is not universal due to different merchants providing services.
Fully personalized virtual currency, possibly a currency card with additional information, whose value is yet to be confirmed. A virtual currency with specific undetermined functions and residual value can, on the one hand, have the same room for reinterpretation as text, and on the other hand, it has the potential for karaoke-style redevelopment.

Its information value has an open interface and can be added in value. If they are put into the secondary market exchange like the stock market, they may fluctuate up and down the basic par value based on their personalized information, and they will have more attractiveness like stocks.
Game currency only has the function of value circulation and does not have the function of a market platform, so it is only an imperfect virtual currency. The reason is that it lacks the corresponding industrial foundation.

E. It only takes ten minutes to determine the authenticity of a certain virtual currency - a guide for beginners in the currency circle to prevent pitfalls

Recently, too many friends have asked me what currency ( Or what chain) is a real blockchain project? To be honest, I don’t want to offend anyone, and there is no need to lie. So here I will teach you a few simplest judgment methods. You can judge by yourself. There are about three steps and ten steps. minutes or so.

You don’t need to look at the fancy content on the homepage, just scroll to the bottom. Regular public chain projects have the following icon.

There is no kitten icon in the circle in the upper right corner. If not, they are basically fake blockchain projects. There is no need to look at the next two or three steps.

Then we click on the kitten and look at the three icons in the upper right corner. If both star and fork are 0, it is basically a copycat blockchain project.

If your page looks like this, look at the numbers behind all the stars and fork icons in it.

There is a website called coinmarketcap, which is the largest virtual currency collection center in the world. Just use the Internet. Enter the search bar found in the upper right corner.

Enter your currency name (full English name or English abbreviation). For example, if we enter ABC here, there will be several prompts. We choose one and see which one. If there are none, it means this currency Did not pass the qualification review. If there is, but you are not sure, you can look at the official website address in the upper left corner of the coin and click on it to see if it is consistent with the website mentioned in the first step.

If it does not pass the qualification review, or if there is a coin with the same name but the corresponding official website address is different, it means that the coin is likely to be a fake blockchain.

Whether it is a public chain or a dapp, there will beDifferent degrees of open source source code. Generally speaking, public chains will be open source for desktop wallets, while dapp will be open source for smart contracts. Otherwise, it will not pass the review. The largest open source website at present is github (the icon looks like a kitten). Therefore, those that cannot even find the source code on the homepage are basically fake blockchain projects. This is the first step.

In order to confuse newcomers, many project developers will also make a so-called blockchain source code and put it on github, but blockchain developers can basically see it. The simplest way for beginners is to look at star and fork. The former indicates the attention of the project, and the latter indicates the number of clones of the project. If the sum of these two values ​​​​is less than 10, it basically has no technical content. Clone the project. This is the second step.

Another special note here is that there is only a mobile wallet and nothing else; or there is only a Chinese homepage but no English homepage and no open source address. Basically, it is 100% fake. Blockchain.

Here, I sincerely hope that everyone will take ten minutes to do a simple check before investing tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands.

F. You have to know the operating principles and development of blockchain!

1. Why is there innovation in blockchain?
The starting point of the first generation of the Internet is the TCP/IP protocol, which implements a unified format for peer-to-peer transmission of information by all nodes on the network. Open code. However, the impact of such an uncomplicated innovation on mankind is epoch-making. It has programmed, agreed, and enforced the basic values ​​required by a unified global market: "freedom, equality, and fraternity." Then the STMP email protocol, HTTP domain name protocol, etc. were derived, achieving low-cost and high-efficiency global information transmission in a decentralized manner. As Alibaba Vice President Gao Hongbing said:
"The Internet is to eliminate the (information) supply chain that has very low value and high cost - it is open, interconnected, peer-to-peer, globalized, and decentralized."
We know: The essence of the market is also decentralized. It automatically executes the decentralized agreement of "equivalent exchange". Just as Nobel Prize winner Ronald Coase summed up: "The market economy is based on two On the basis of deep cognition: admitting ignorance and tolerating uncertainty." Adam Smith also described the market as: "the invisible hand"! Therefore, the market must require the low-cost flow of information decentralization, and the Internet has adapted to the global Under the general climate formed by the unified market, it turned out to be.
However, the first generation of Internet decentralized solved the problem of low-cost and efficient transmission of information, but it did not solve the problem of credit of information. Therefore, what the second-generation Internet must break through is: how to establish global credit in a decentralized manner so that value transfer can be carried out at low cost and with high efficiency.
So what are the problems with the original centralized credit system? As we all know: centralized credit, such as legal currencies in various countries, has different credit values, and the clearing systems are also incompatible.Global trade adds significant costs. The current global credit system centered on the US dollar has a "Triffin Paradox" in its mechanism (the essence is that a country's legal currency cannot simultaneously resolve the conflict between its own economic interests and global economic needs). Therefore, in 2009, the Governor of the Central Bank of China, Zhou Ogawa called for the creation of a super-sovereign storage currency. In the same year, Satoshi Nakamoto disclosed the first-generation blockchain source code-"Bitcoin" online.
2. How does the blockchain system operate?
First of all, Satoshi Nakamoto knew very well that establishing a credit system for payment must solve the problem of preventing "duplicate payments", that is, no counterfeit currency can be created. The centralized credit system relies on state machinery to prevent counterfeit currency. What about "Bitcoin"? Satoshi Nakamoto's great innovation is to "timestamp" every transaction. There is a block (block: equivalent to a network account book) every ten minutes, and all network transactions for these ten minutes are correctly timestamped. The question is who will cover it? Satoshi Nakamoto did not assume that everyone on the Internet is Lei Feng. He agreed with Adam Smith: people in the market are greedy. He asked the so-called "miners" to compete for the accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks. The rules of the competition were to correctly record the accounting while solving the SHA256 problem. Who can prove that their computer has the fastest computing power (the so-called PROOF OF WORK mechanism), he can compete for the legal accounting rights of these ten-minute blocks and get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins. This is the so-called "mining" process. It is actually a decentralized credit process that establishes a network-wide ledger - the blockchain. Therefore, the more essential function of miners is "bookkeepers"!
Satoshi Nakamoto is here In its Bitcoin white paper, the process of establishing this credit system is described in detail:
Step 1: In order for the entire network to recognize it as valid, each transaction must be broadcast to each node (node: that is, the miner);
The second step: Each miner node must correctly timestamp each transaction in these ten minutes and record it in that block;
The third step: Each miner node must Compete for the legal accounting rights of this ten-minute block by solving the SHA256 puzzle, and strive to get a reward of twenty-five bitcoins (fifty bitcoins every ten minutes for the first four years, decreasing by half every four years);< br>Step 4: If a miner node solves the SHA256 puzzle of these ten minutes, it will publish all the timestamped transactions recorded in its ten-minute blocks to the entire network, and they will be checked by other miner nodes in the entire network;< br>Step 5: Other miner nodes in the entire network check the correctness of the block accounting (because they are also stamping the accounting at the same time, but they have not competed for the legal block accounting rights, so there is no reward), there is no error Finally, they will compete for the next block after the legal block, thus forming a single chain of legal accounting blocks, which is the general ledger of the Bitcoin payment system - the blockchain.
Generally speaking, each transaction must undergo six block confirmations, that is, six ten-minute accounting, before it can finally be recorded on the blockchain.Recognize legitimate transactions. The following is the accounting format of Bitcoin:
So the so-called "Bitcoin" is such a billing system: it includes the owner electronically signing with the private key and paying to the next owner, and then the entire network's "miners" "Time stamp the account and form a blockchain.
3. What are the innovations in Bitcoin’s blockchain finance?
Similar to gold, trying to establish decentralized credit on the global Internet may allow value to flow across the entire network at high speed and at low rates (currently each transfer The transfer rate is one ten thousandth);
The total amount of currency is agreed upon by the cryptographic protocol;
Compared to gold, digital currency is infinitely divisible;
The value of currency can be based on a large number of P2P transactions ;
Full transparency in financial management (every transaction can be traced on the blockchain).
Bitcoin’s blockchain network-wide accounting has established a market value of US$10 billion, the highest on the global Internet. Therefore, Wu Xiaoling, dean of Tsinghua PBC School of Finance, pointed out: The blockchain experiment established distributed credit, which is an upgraded version of Internet TCP/IP, upgrading from information transmission to value transmission;
4. Bitcoin’s blocks What are the inherent flaws of the chain system?
Bitcoin’s blockchain system has had successes since it was open sourced on the Internet in 2009, but it also shows some inherent flaws that are difficult to overcome:
The total amount cannot be adjusted at any time As the market situation changes, it will inevitably rise and fall sharply;
Mining is high-carbon. Only less than 1% of miners can compete for the accounting rights of blocks of less than ten minutes, and more than 99% of other miners participating in the competition have the computing power. Waste;
The annual inflation of about 10% has greatly increased the cost of the Bitcoin financial ecology, and even threatened her survival;
As a decentralized self-organizing DAC system, the operating costs of the accounting and issuance functions are too high high.
As a global payment system, its efficiency is far from meeting the actual requirements of global trade. The Bitcoin network currently confirms a maximum of 7 transactions per second. In comparison, Visa's network system can process 10,000 transactions per second at the fastest, and Alipay's record is 80,000 transactions per second on Singles' Day in 2014!
5. Block The development of chain technology 2.0:
As the 2.0 upgrade and development of blockchain, it first focuses on solving the high-carbon mining of Bitcoin accounting:
When we discuss how to overcome the high carbon of Bitcoin mining and accounting Professor Liu Taoxiong from the Tsinghua Institute of Economics pointed out that mining competition relies on computing power. In the end, only one company competes for the legal accounting rights, and the other 99% of the miner nodes are mined for nothing, which is a waste of resources. It is obviously unreasonable. If The whole network transparently knows the legal accounting rights of the next block, and it is randomly generated in the entire network, which eliminates the high carbon cost of competitive accounting! After hearing this, we all praised Professor Liu for his brilliant idea, because the second generation is now more successful. Coin NXT has this mechanism. Their white paper is called "Transparent Forging". However, the probability of the accounting rights going to someone is directly proportional to the NXT token holdings in each miner node wallet. This is called the proof of equity mechanism ( PROOF OFSTOCK). Of course, this also triggered a debate about the unfairness of NXT’s distribution of tokens to early investment developers!
RIPPLE is a semi-decentralized blockchain solution that uses “trusted gateways” to conduct block operations. The credibility of chain accounting is based on the consensus ledger protocol that these gateways will not do evil at the same time.
The most ambitious attempt is Ethereum, which combines blockchain technology with Turing completeness, hoping to develop a basic platform that can support the construction of various blockchain systems in the future. The development of various credit currencies, digital assets, smart protocols and even financial derivatives. The system design is to unify blockchain accounting on the ETHERUM platform and be used by all developers. Maybe their official version will be released in the near future.
6. Possible applications of blockchain innovation in other fields:
Now, blockchain’s attempts to establish decentralized credit are no longer limited to the financial world, but have attracted attention from all fields of society, especially in At present, some of China's central credit institutions, such as the "Red Cross", are in a "collapse" situation. Blockchain can provide a new way of thinking and technical options for social management. The following are some new developments and related discussions we have learned about:
The combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things unifies digital assets and atomic assets, smooths the difference between consumer assets and cash assets, expands public credit, and accelerates value circulation; (IBM-Samsung)
Built on the blockchain Intellectual property protection system, accounting for the use of intellectual property across the entire network, and establishing a global advertising market;
Whether blockchain can provide technical support for the issuance of protocol-based cryptographic currencies by emerging economies along the Belt and Road;
Block Chain + cloud computing can develop into a decentralized self-media and community system;
Blockchain can build a decentralized equity crowdfunding system, allowing innovative projects to enter the circulation field in advance;
Blockchain can develop Develop a fully transparent financial management system;
Blockchain supports the establishment of a global decentralized corporate organization.
In short, in this era when credit has become a scarce resource, the technological innovation of blockchain, as a distributed credit model, provides new opportunities for finance, social management, talent evaluation and decentralized organization construction in the global market. All provide a broad development prospect.

G. One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain

One article to understand the Internet blockchain, you need to understand For blockchain, we have to study the brief history of blockchain technology development starting from the birth of the Internet, discover the motivations for blockchain, and infer the future of blockchain. Let’s understand the Internet blockchain in one article.

Understand the Internet blockchain in one article 1

The originator of blockchain is mahjong, and the earliest blockchain was invented by the Chinese! Blockchain is just like mahjong, except that mahjongThere are only a few blocks in Mahjong. There are only 136 blocks in Mahjong. The rules of Mahjong vary from place to place and can be regarded as a hard fork of Bitcoin.

As the oldest blockchain project, Mahjong has a team of four miners. The first one to dig out the 13 correct hash values ​​will get the accounting rights and rewards. It adopts the method of being willing to admit defeat and not cheating. Thousands of consensus mechanisms!

Mahjong is decentralized, everyone can be the banker, and it is completely peer-to-peer.

Mining pool = commission from the boss of the chess and card room.

It cannot be tampered with, because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.

A typical value Internet. The value in my pocket didn't last eight rounds before it went into their pockets.

The Chinese are basically good at playing mahjong. In terms of blockchain, they produce 70% to 80% of the world’s mining machines and have the most computing power in the world, accounting for about 77% of the computing power.

Mahjong is actually the earliest blockchain project:

1. A group of four miners. The miner who first collides with the correct hash value of 13 numbers can obtain the accounting rights. and get rewarded.

2. It cannot be tampered with. Because convincing the other three people requires too much computing power and physical strength.

3. Typical value Internet. The valuable digital currency www.gendan5.com/digitalcurrency/btc.html in my pocket ran into their pockets after eight rounds.

4. Decentralization, everyone can be a banker, it is completely peer-to-peer.

5. UTXO, unspent transaction expenses.

There is another blockchain method of credit, assuming that everyone has no cash

Let’s take a closer look. When everyone reaches a consensus, we see There is no intermediary or third party to judge whether C wins, and the rewards given to C do not need to be transferred to C through a third party. They are all direct peer-to-peer transactions. This process is decentralized, and players (miners) record their own records. After recording the results of the first game, B Dahu drew thirteen pieces, and B got Jia Dongfeng. After the record was completed, a complete block was generated, but remember, this was only the first game. In the entire blockchain , this is just one node. After the 8 rounds mentioned at the beginning, there are 8 nodes (blocks). The 8 blocks are connected together to form a complete ledger, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one of this ledger, it is a distributed ledger. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with the record. At the end of the game, it is clear who wins and who loses.

Four men (A, B, C, and D) got together to play mahjong for money. None of them brought any cash, so they asked a beautiful woman (centralized) to keep a book and record who won how much money in each round. , Who lost how much? At the end of the day, everyone uses Alipay or WeChat to pay to settle the general ledger. However, if the beautiful woman made a mistake in accounting or was bribed by someone among the 4 people in advance, it will be wrong.If you remember it wrongly, you can't guarantee that the result of this game will be fair, just, and reasonable, don't you think? then what should we do? If you "play mahjong", you can use "blockchain" as the game rules and adapt it as follows:

Four men (A, B, C and D) got together to play mahjong for money. No one brought any cash. B said Let the beauty she brought keep accounts. A said that none of us knew this beauty, so the four of them, A, B, C, and D, agreed that everyone would keep accounts at the same time (decentralized) on their mobile phones (blockchain nodes) for each game. ), after finally playing mahjong and paying with electronic money directly on the mobile phone, everyone checked the accounting results. The accounting results should have been the same.

Assume that the original result is the account recorded on A’s mobile phone: B owes A 10 yuan. However, the record on B's mobile phone shows that there is no debt, but the other two people (C and D) have the same accounting as A, so the settlement is still based on the majority rule. In addition, everyone has a bad impression of B's ​​integrity. Next The first time I play mahjong, I won’t take B to play with me.

Unless B bribes two people (C and D) in advance to deliberately cheat, but the cost of B bribes them is 100,000 yuan (10,000 times the default of 10 yuan), then in common sense, B only You can choose to give up because the cost of counterfeiting is too high.

Assume that even if B is secretly willing to pay a high price of 100,000 yuan to buy C and D to do this silly cat transaction with huge losses during the card game, the rules of the blockchain are to keep accounts based on timestamps. Yes, it turns out that B owed A 10 yuan when debiting the account at 1 p.m., that is, when C and D changed the account at 3 p.m., time is irreversible and they can only record 3 p.m., which does not comply with the rules of the game. .

In fact, in 2017 the blogger has developed a set of Mahjong coins

China’s earliest blockchain project: a group of four miners, first starting from 148 random numbers The miner who collides with the correct hash value of 14 numbers can obtain an accounting right incentive. Since distributed accounting requires the consensus of several other miners, each accounting transaction takes about ten minutes.

Understanding the Internet Blockchain in One Article 2

1. Before the birth of Bitcoin, 5 Internet technologies that will have a significant impact on the future of the blockchain

In 1969, the Internet was born in the United States. Since then, the Internet has expanded from four research institutions in the United States to the entire planet. In terms of application, it has expanded from the earliest military and scientific research to all aspects of human life. In the nearly 50 years since the birth of the Internet, five technologies have been of particularly great significance to the future development of blockchain.

1. The TCP/IP protocol born in 1974: determines the position of blockchain in the Internet technology ecosystem

In 1974, the most critical step in the development of the Internet was taken by The TCP/IP protocol, the core communication technology of the Internet jointly developed by American scientists Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, was officially launched.

This protocol enables transmission between different computers and even different types of networks.information. All computers connected to the network can communicate and interact as long as they comply with this protocol.

In layman's terms, Internet data can travel tens of thousands of kilometers to reach the computer users who need it. This is mainly because the Internet world has formed a unified information dissemination mechanism. That is to say, Internet devices follow a unified law-TCP/IP protocol when disseminating information.

Understanding the TCP/IP protocol is of great significance to mastering the Internet and blockchain. After the invention of TCP/IP in 1974, the entire Internet was between the underlying hardware devices, the intermediate network protocols and the network Addresses have always been relatively stable, but an endless stream of innovative applications are emerging at the top application layer, including news, e-commerce, social networks, QQ, WeChat, and blockchain technology.

In other words, in the technical ecology of the Internet, blockchain is a new technology at the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. Its emergence, operation and development have not affected the underlying infrastructure and communication protocols of the Internet. , is still one of the many software technologies that operates according to the TCP/IP protocol.

2. Cisco router technology born in 1984: an imitation of blockchain technology

In December 1984, Cisco was established in the United States. The founder was a professor from Stanford University. A couple, Leonard Posak, director of the computer center, and Sandy Lerner, director of the business school's computer center, designed a networking device called a "multiprotocol router" that was placed on the Internet's communication lines to help data Get from one end of the Internet to the other thousands of kilometers away accurately and quickly.

In the entire Internet hardware layer, tens of millions of routers are busy working, directing the transmission of Internet information. An important function of Cisco routers is that each router saves a complete Internet device address table. Once something happens Changes will be synchronized to tens of millions of other routers (theoretically), ensuring that each router can calculate the shortest and fastest path.

When you see the operation process of the router, you will feel very familiar. That is the important feature of the blockchain later. The significance of understanding the router lies in the important features of the blockchain. It has been implemented on the router in 1984. For the router, even if the node device is damaged or attacked by hackers, it will not affect the transmission of the entire Internet information.

3. The B/S (C/S) architecture that was born with the World Wide Web: the opponent of the blockchain and the target of attempted subversion

The World Wide Web is referred to as the Web and is divided into Web clients and server. All updated information is only modified on the Web server. Thousands, tens of thousands, or even tens of millions of other client computers do not retain the information and only obtain the information data when accessing the server. This structure is often called the Internet B/S architecture is a centralized architecture. This architecture is also the most important architecture of the current Internet, including Google, FaceboInternet giants such as OK, Tencent, Alibaba, and Amazon have all adopted this architecture.

Understanding the B/S architecture will be of great significance to the subsequent understanding of blockchain technology. The B/S architecture is that data is only stored in the central server, and all other computers obtain information from the server. Blockchain technology has tens of millions of computers without a center, and all data will be synchronized to all computers. This is the core of blockchain technology.

4. Peer-to-Peer Network (P2P): Blockchain The father of the chain and its technical basis

Peer-to-peer network P2P is another Internet infrastructure corresponding to C/S (B/S). Its characteristic is that multiple computers connected to each other are connected to each other. In a peer-to-peer position, there is no distinction between master and slave. A computer can be used as a server, setting shared resources for use by other computers in the network, and as a workstation.

Napster is one of the earliest P2P systems, mainly used for sharing music resources. Napster cannot be regarded as a true peer-to-peer network system. On March 14, 2000, a message was posted on the Slashdot mailing list of the underground hacker site in the United States, saying that AOL's Nullsoft department had released Gnutella, an open source Napster clone software.

In the Gnutella distributed peer-to-peer network model, each networked computer is functionally peer, serving as both a client and a server, so Gnutella is called the first true peer-to-peer network model. Network Architecture.

In the past 20 years, some Internet technology giants such as Microsoft and IBM, as well as liberals, hackers, and even criminals who infringe intellectual property rights, have continued to promote the development of peer-to-peer networks. Of course, those on the Internet want to strengthen information sharing. The idealists also put a lot of enthusiasm into peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain is a software application based on a peer-to-peer network architecture. It is a benchmark application for peer-to-peer networks trying to break out from the silence of the past.

5. Hash algorithm: the key to generating Bitcoin and tokens (tokens)

The hash algorithm converts numbers of any length into fixed-length values ​​using a hash function. Algorithms, famous hash functions such as: MD4, MD5, SHS, etc. It is a member of the family of cryptographic functions defined by the American National Institute of Standards and Technology.

This family of algorithms is crucial to the functioning of the entire world. From Internet application stores, emails, anti-virus software, to browsers, etc., all of them are using secure hashing algorithms. It can determine whether Internet users have downloaded what they want, and it can also determine whether Internet users are involved in man-in-the-middle attacks or network attacks. Victim of a phishing attack.

The process of blockchain and its application to generate new coins from Bitcoin or other virtual currencies is to use the function of the hash algorithm to perform operations to obtain numbers that meet the format requirements, and then the blockchain program gives Bitcoin rewards.

PackageMining, including Bitcoin and tokens, is actually a small mathematical game built with a hash algorithm. However, because of the fierce competition, people all over the world used powerful servers to perform calculations in order to get the rewards first. As a result, many computers on the Internet participated in this little mathematical game, which even consumed more than 40% of the electricity in some countries.

2. The birth and technical core of blockchain

The birth of blockchain should be the most unusual and mysterious invention and technology in the history of human science, because apart from blockchain, So far, there is no major invention in the history of modern science whose inventor cannot be found.

On October 31, 2008, Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym) published a paper on the cryptography mailing group - "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". In this paper, the author claims to have invented a new electronic currency system that is not controlled by governments or institutions. Blockchain technology is the basis for supporting the operation of Bitcoin.

The preprint address of the paper is at http://www.bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. From an academic point of view, this paper is far from a qualified paper. The main body of the article is composed of 8 flow charts. It is composed of corresponding explanatory text, no nouns and terms are defined, and the format of the paper is also very irregular.

In January 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto released an application case of blockchain on the SourceForge website - the open source software of the Bitcoin system. After the release of the open source software, it is said that Satoshi Nakamoto mined approximately 1 million bits. Coin. A week later, Satoshi Nakamoto sent 10 Bitcoins to cryptography expert Hal Finney, which became the first transaction in Bitcoin history. With the booming development of Bitcoin, research on blockchain technology has also begun to show explosive growth.

It is indeed difficult to fully and clearly explain the blockchain to the public. We use Bitcoin as the object to introduce the technical characteristics of the blockchain as simply as possible but in depth.

1. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application

As we mentioned before, at the beginning of the 21st century, the Internet formed two major types of applications. Architecture, centralized B/S architecture and non-centered peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. Many Internet giants such as Alibaba, Sina, Amazon, etc. all have centralized B/S architecture. Simply put, it is data Put it in a giant server, and our ordinary users can access the servers of Alibaba, Sina and other websites through mobile phones and personal computers.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been many software applications for freely sharing music, videos, and paper materials. Most of them use a peer-to-peer network (P2P) architecture, that is, there is no central server, everyone's personal computer They are all servers and clients, with equal status. However, this type of application has never become popular. The main reasons are large resource consumption and intellectual copyright issues. Blockchain is what it isA software application in a field.

2. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network (P2P) software application that synchronizes information across the entire network

Peer-to-peer networks also have many application methods. In many cases, everyone is not required to Each computer keeps the same information. Everyone only stores the information they need, and downloads it to other computers when needed.

However, in order to support Bitcoin financial transactions, the blockchain requires that every transaction that occurs must be written into historical transaction records and change information be sent to all computers with Bitcoin programs installed. Every computer with Bitcoin software installed maintains the latest and complete Bitcoin historical transaction information.

The characteristics of blockchain's network-wide synchronization and network-wide backup are often referred to as blockchain information security, and the source cannot be changed. Although it is still not absolutely safe in practice, when the number of users is very large, it does have certain security advantages in preventing information tampering.

3. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses a hash algorithm to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network

Area The first application of blockchain is the famous Bitcoin. When discussing Bitcoin, a term that is often mentioned is "mining". So what exactly is mining?

The metaphor is that the blockchain program gives the miners (players) 256 coins, numbered 1, 2, 3...256. Every time a Hash operation is performed, it is like tossing a coin. 256 coins are thrown at the same time. After landing, if all the coins with the first 70 numbers happen to be heads. The miner can tell the blockchain program this number, and the blockchain will reward the miner with 50 Bitcoins.

From the perspective of software programs, Bitcoin mining is a mathematical game built using the hash SHA256 function. The blockchain first stipulates a winning mode in this small game: a 256-bit hash number is given, but the last 70 bits of the hash number are all 0, and then the player (miner) continuously enters various numbers. Give the hash SHA256 function and see if you can use this function to get a number with 70 zeros. If you find one, the blockchain program will reward the player with 50 Bitcoins. Actual mining and rewards are more complex, but the above example expresses the core process of mining and obtaining Bitcoin.

When Bitcoin was born in 2009, each bounty was 50 Bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 Bitcoins was generated, and the total currency amount at this time was 50. Then Bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty is halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (new output is 5.25 million, which is 50% of 1050), the bounty is further halved to 12.5. According to the design of the Bitcoin program, the total number of Bitcoins is 21 million.

Judging from the above introduction, Bitcoin canSeen as a guessing game based on a peer-to-peer network architecture, the Bitcoin information rewarded for each correct guess will be transmitted to all players and recorded in each player's historical database.

4. Smart contracts, tokens, ICOs and blockchain basic platforms generated by blockchain technology due to the rise of Bitcoin

From the above introduction, Bitcoin technology It is not a new technology falling from the sky, but a clever combination of various original Internet technologies, such as peer-to-peer network architecture, network-wide synchronization of routing, and network security encryption technology. It can be regarded as a combination of innovative algorithm games. .

Because Bitcoin can be exchanged for legal currency, purchased in kind, and made huge profits through appreciation, the whole world is not calm. With the attitude that if you can do it, I can do it, many people have created their own imitation Bitcoin software applications. At the same time, taking advantage of the difficulty for the government to regulate peer-to-peer networks, various altcoins exploded together with Bitcoin. There have been many incidents of fraud and absconding, which have gradually attracted the attention of governments around the world.

Blockchain basic platform: It is still quite technically difficult to create currency using the blockchain technology framework. At this time, basic technology platforms such as Ethereum, the blockchain basic platform, have emerged, making it convenient for ordinary people. Create a "Bitcoin"-like software program, each showing its magical powers, inviting people to join the game to mine coins, speculate on coins, and gain profits from it.

Pass or token: If each "Bitcoin" or "Altcoin" uses a hash algorithm to create a guessing game and generates its own "currency", this "currency" is collectively referred to as " "Certificate" or "Token".

ICO: Since Bitcoin and Ethereum have been exchanged with the legal currencies of various countries, when other new virtual currencies are issued, only Bitcoin and Ethereum are allowed to purchase the new issued coins. This process of issuing coins It’s called ICO. The emergence of ICO has amplified the transaction volume of Bitcoin and Ethereum. At the same time, many ICO projects are completely based on nihilistic projects, resulting in a large number of frequent fraud cases. This further deepens society’s negative understanding of virtual currencies generated by blockchain.

Smart contract: It can be seen as a software function on the blockchain. It is a program that assists various virtual currency transactions on the blockchain. The specific function is like the fund custody of Alipay on Taobao. When a user receives goods and confirms them on Alipay, the funds are automatically paid to the buyer and owner. Smart contracts also assume this intermediary payment function in blockchain applications such as Bitcoin.

3. The historical status and future prospects of blockchain technology in the Internet

1. Where does blockchain stand in Internet technology? It is a new software and architecture at the top level.

We mentioned in the previous introduction to TCP/IP that blockchain, like browsers, QQ, WeChat, online game software, mobile APPs, etc., is a software form of the top layer of the Internet - the application layer. . Its operation still relies on the TCP/IP architecture system to transmit data. Just works with most appsThe layer software is different and does not adopt the central software architecture of C/S (B/S). Instead, an unusual peer-to-peer network architecture is adopted. From this point of view, blockchain cannot subvert the Internet infrastructure.

2. Who does blockchain want to subvert? Want to subvert the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web.

It attempts to subvert the B/S, C/S structure of the World Wide Web, which was born in 1989. Said before. Since 1989, European physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and gave up applying for a patent. In the past nearly 30 years, companies including Google, Amazon, Facebook, Alibaba, Internet, Tencent and other companies have used the B/S (C/S) structure of the World Wide Web to grow into Internet giants.

In their headquarters, a powerful central server cluster was established to store massive amounts of data. Hundreds of millions of users obtained the data they needed from the giant servers. This also led to the emergence of cloud computing, and then the Internet giants Open up your unused central server resources to further absorb data from enterprises, governments, and individuals. Centralized Internet giants have an increasing influence on the world, countries, and Internet users.

The goal of blockchain is to try to reduce the influence of Internet giants by distributing data to each Internet user’s computer. It can be seen that the real opponent of blockchain and what it wants to subvert is the 1990 The B/S (C/S) structure born in 2007. But whether it can be subverted depends on its technical advantages and bottlenecks.

3. Technical flaws of blockchain: dilemmas caused by the pursuit of complete equality and freedom

The technical flaws of blockchain first come from its peer-to-peer network architecture. For example For example, Taobao currently has a B/S structure, and massive data is stored in the Taobao server cluster computer room. Hundreds of millions of consumers access the Taobao server website through their browsers to obtain the latest information and historical information.

If blockchain technology is used, hundreds of millions of people will retain a complete Taobao database on their personal computers or mobile phones. Every time a transaction occurs, it will be synchronized to hundreds of millions of other users. This is completely unachievable in reality. The amount of data transferred and stored is too large. It is equivalent to setting up and running hundreds of millions of Taobao websites at the same time.

Therefore, blockchain cannot be applied to projects with large amounts of data, and even smaller website projects will have difficulty using blockchain. By 2018, Bitcoin had been running for nearly 10 years, and the accumulated transaction data had brought the entire system to collapse.

So the blockchain has adopted many alternative methods, such as establishing relay nodes and lightning nodes. These two concepts can also make people confused. In layman’s terms, the blockchain will ask it for The subversive object B/S structure has been studied, and a data server center has been established to become the relay node of the blockchain, which can also be accessed with a browser-like terminal. This is the lightning node of the blockchain.

This change can alleviate the technical shortcomings of the blockchain, but it does make the blockchain what it opposes, centralization.It can be seen that pure blockchain technology has major flaws due to its technical characteristics and cannot be widely used like the World Wide Web. If the technology is upgraded and some parts adopt a B/S (C/S) structure, the blockchain will become centralized. The information node no longer maintains the dream when it was born.

4. Looking at the future prospects of blockchain from the Internet brain model

We know that the Internet generally refers to the Internet that connects computer networks around the world. On this basis The development of a global Internet network covering the whole world is called the Internet, which is a network structure that is interconnected.

Since the birth of the Internet in 1969, humans have innovated in the Internet field from different directions, and there is no unified plan to build the Internet into a structure. When the wheel of time reaches 2017, with the advent of artificial intelligence, With the vigorous development of science and technology such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robots, virtual reality, and the industrial Internet, when humans look up to see the giant systems they have created, the model and architecture of the Internet brain have become increasingly clear.

Through nearly 20 years of development, relying on the B/S and C/S structures of the World Wide Web, Tencent QQ, WeChat, Facebook, Weibo, and Twitter Amazon have developed structures similar to neuron networks. Internet devices, especially personal computers and mobile phones, map personal data and functional space on the giant's central server through the software on the device, allowing them to add friends, communicate and transfer information. Internet giants continue to optimize the software versions of hundreds of millions of terminals through software upgrades in central server clusters. In the neurological system, this is a standard central nervous system structure.

The birth of the blockchain provides another neuron model. Instead of uniformly managing neurons in the centralized services of giants, each terminal, including personal computers and personal mobile phones, becomes an independent neuron node. , retaining an independent data space and synchronizing mutual information. In the neurological system, this is a distributed neural structure with no center and multiple neural nodes.

Interestingly, these two different types of neural structures appear in the development of the nervous system. In lower organisms, blockchain-like neural structures have appeared. There are multiple ganglia with the same functions, all of which can command body activities and reactions. However, as organisms evolve, these ganglia gradually merge. When they evolve into higher In biology, the central nervous system appeared, which contains a large number of neurons that interact with each other.

4. Judgment on the future status of blockchain in the Internet

1. Understanding of Bitcoin: a guessing game based on peer-to-peer network architecture (P2P), Through clever financial and public opinion operations, it has become a "world currency" that is not subject to government supervision.

2. Understanding of blockchain: a peer-to-peer (P2P) software application that uses hashing algorithms to generate "tokens" to synchronize information across the entire network.

3. Blockchain has specificApplications, such as large-scale election voting, large-scale gambling, financial transactions that circumvent government financial supervision, etc., still have irreplaceable uses.

4. In more cases, blockchain technology will rely on the B/S and C/S structures of the Internet to achieve functional expansion, but overall it is still a supplement to the existing technology of the Internet. Most of the application scenarios currently envisaged by blockchain can be implemented using B/S and C/S structures, with higher efficiency and more mature technology.

5. Whether from the perspective of information transmission efficiency and resource consumption, or from the evolution of the nervous system, blockchain cannot become the mainstream architecture of the Internet, let alone a subversive and revolutionary leader of the future Internet.

6. Of course, Internet giants developed with B/S and C/S structures also have their problems, but these can be gradually solved through commercial and political methods in the future.

H. That website specializes in blockchain media information

I happen to know your question, please see the answer below:
Blockchain is bit An important concept of Bitcoin, it is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The current information websites in this area in the industry include:
1. Diluian.com: Diluian.com is a professional blockchain media information portal. Diluian.com gathers big data from global blockchain trading institutions. , with technology as the core, we have created multiple core sections such as Mining Chain Index, Mining Chain Flash News, Mining Chain Academy, etc. to explore the value of blockchain and provide one-stop blockchain for blockchain entrepreneurs and blockchain investors. Chain service system!
2. Golden Finance: A well-known old website in the industry.
3. Caiyunbit: It is also the old cloud in the industry.

You can learn more about it yourself.