区块链blockchain,区块链区块结构
区块链blockchain，这是一种新型的数据存储技术，它可以在不受中心化控制的前提下安全地存储数据，并实现数据的可信认证。它是一种去中心化的分布式账本技术，可以把数据分散存储在不同的节点上，并在所有节点上共享，从而实现数据的安全性和可靠性。
区块链区块结构是区块链技术的核心组成部分，它是区块链的基础架构，由一系列的区块组成，每个区块都包含一定数量的交易信息，这些交易信息可以是货币交易、数据交换等等。每个区块都有一个唯一的哈希值，它可以用来验证区块的完整性和真实性，并且每个区块都有一个前一个区块的哈希值，这样就可以保证整个区块链的完整性和安全性。
共识算法是区块链的核心组成部分，它是一种分布式计算技术，它可以让所有参与者达成一致，从而实现数据的可信认证。共识算法可以确保参与者之间的信息一致性，并且可以确保交易的安全性和可靠性。共识算法主要有工作量证明（Proof of Work）、权益证明（Proof of Stake）和共识机制（Consensus Mechanism）等。
智能合约是一种可以实现自动执行的协议，它可以根据设定的条件自动完成交易，无需人工介入。智能合约可以帮助用户实现自动化的交易，并且可以保证交易的安全性和可靠性。智能合约可以让用户在不受任何人工干预的情况下完成交易，并且可以极大地提高交易的效率。
总结而言，区块链blockchain技术是一种新型的数据存储技术，它可以实现数据的安全性和可靠性，而区块链区块结构是它的基础架构，其中共识算法可以确保参与者之间的信息一致性，智能合约则可以实现自动化的交易，从而提高交易的效率。
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1. What is the definition of Blockchain
It is a public list of all transactions that have been sent, which ensures that everyone knows every bit The real owner (address) of the coin. All fully functional nodes on the network retain a copy of the blockchain.
Block is an independent unit on the blockchain. Each block contains the hash of the previous block (so it is impossible for someone to delete or modify any block on the blockchain without causing some of the hashes on the blockchain to mismatch) , as many unconfirmed transactions as can be found on the network, and a number called a nonce. Someone who is creating a block must find a suitable nonce so that the hash value of the block is below a certain threshold (thetarget target value). This can only be done by trying them all one after another. Random numbers until a random number is found that produces the desired hash value. The lower the target value, the harder it is to find a suitable random number. Block creation is intentionally made so difficult to prevent someone from spending a Bitcoin and then creating and advancing his own blockchain that does not contain the transaction that shows the Bitcoin has been spent, a wipe The transaction record just now allows him to spend the Bitcoin twice. When a valid block is created, it is distributed throughout the network and the search for the next block begins based on this block.
2. Interpretation Lesson 3: Blockchain
There was a wave of Bitcoin craze a few years ago. Readers may have heard of blockchain at that time. , however, recently, domestic and foreign financial institutions have begun to study and launch financial services based on blockchain technology. What is so special about it that can attract the favor of formal financial institutions?
Decentralized accounting system
Blockchain is one of the core technologies of Bitcoin. Its most important feature is its ability to create an unchangeable and unchangeable account. A centralized, highly transparent, and anonymous accounting system can provide low-cost, high-security transfer services, and can further be used as a financial management tool.
To understand the blockchain, we must first start with how it works. Taking the application of Bitcoin as an example, during each transaction, the system will seal the transaction content and related information into a set of blocks, and arrange all the blocks according to time to produce a so-called blockchain.
Since the blockchain records the information of every transaction in the world in detail, you can figure out which "wallet" is just by counting from the first data to the last data. How much "money" do you have.
It should be noted that the blockchain does not directly store the balance in each "wallet", but the flow of "money" in each transaction. Therefore, when querying the balance, you only need to verify the area The authenticity of each data in the blockchainBy doing pseudo-combination and statistics, you can get the final balance of each "wallet".
Since generating blocks requires complex cryptographic calculations, if a centralized server is used for calculations, many high-performance computers will need to be prepared to meet the demand. However, Bitcoin’s approach is to distribute operations to all computers that perform “mining.” These computers are called nodes and will receive a certain amount of rewards after verifying transactions and encapsulating blocks. Therefore, there will be many miners trying to earn Bitcoins. Bitcoins are put into computers for calculation, so that no specific server is needed, but all calculation work is distributed to various nodes of the Bitcoin network.
▲The blockchain is formed by connecting many blocks in series. Since it can record transfers from the first to the last and has a high degree of security, it is very suitable for financial applications. . (Image source: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System)
It is theoretically possible to crack, but in practice it is not feasible
In the block During the operation of the chain, all nodes will jointly verify each newly added block to ensure the correctness of the transaction. When the block information recorded by some nodes does not match that of other nodes, other nodes will not recognize the transaction. , so transaction records will not be written to the blockchain.
However, the security of blockchain is not theoretically unbreakable. As long as someone can control more than half of the computing performance of the entire network (that is, control 51% of the computing performance), it can create fake transaction records and ensure that it can complete the block operation before other nodes complete the operation and raise objections. The data is written to the blockchain so that it can modify its own transaction records and reuse the same bitcoin for payment.
Using video games as a simple example, this attack is like using a cheat, which can modify the money to never decrease.
However, from a practical point of view, there are many users of Bitcoin, so there are quite a few nodes in the network, including many professional miners who use special computers to perform calculations, so the computing power of all nodes The total value is quite large, and it is difficult for ordinary people or organizations to grasp 51% of computing performance by themselves.
Assuming that the current computing power of all nodes is equivalent to 100 supercomputers, then the attacker would need to prepare 101 supercomputers to obtain more than half of the computing performance, which is unlikely to be achieved in the actual implementation.
Taking a step back, assuming that someone can really control more than half of the computing performance, then he can also monopolize the issuance of Bitcoin and transaction fees, and earn considerable profits from it. On the contrary, if If he chose to tamper with transaction data, Bitcoin users would lose confidence in the currency, causing the value of Bitcoin to collapse, or even "banknotes turning into wallpaper" overnight.
Therefore, assuming that the attacker is motivated by profitStarting point, then even if he can launch a 51% attack, he will not do so. This will ensure that Bitcoin and the blockchain are still safe.
▲Bitcoin is one of the most representative application examples of blockchain.
Example of using Shuowenjiezi: Blockchain
O: Blockchain can distribute the load of verifying transactions to everyone in the network node.
X: After parking the bicycle, remember to lock it with the blockchain.
3. Comic illustration: What is blockchain
Comic illustration: What is blockchain
What is blockchain?
Blockchain, English Blockchain, is essentially a decentralized distributed database. Anyone can become a node of this huge network as long as they set up their own server and connect to the blockchain network.
Since the blockchain is essentially a database, what exactly is stored in it? Let’s take a look at the basic unit of blockchain: Block.
A block is divided into two parts:
1. Block header
The block header stores the header information of the block, including the hash value (PreHash) of the previous block. The hash value of the block body (Hash), the timestamp (TimeStamp), etc.
2. Block body
The block body stores the detailed data (Data) of this block. This data contains several rows of records, which can be transaction information or some other information.
What does the hash value just mentioned mean?
Everyone must have heard of MD5. MD5 is a typical hash algorithm that can convert a string of plaintext of any length into a string of fixed length (128 bits). This string is the hash value.
In our blockchain, a more complex hash algorithm called SHA256 is used. After a series of complex calculations, the latest data information (such as transaction records) will eventually be converted into a 256-bit hash value string through this hash algorithm, which is the Hash in the block header. The format is as follows:
Blocks and Hash have a one-to-one correspondence, and Hash can be regarded as the unique identifier of the block.
How are different blocks related to each other? Rely on Hash and PreHash to associate. The PreHash value of each block is equal to the Hash value of the previous block.
Why do we need to calculate the hash value of the block?
Since the blockchain is a chain structure, there must be a head node (the first block) and a tail node (the last block) of the chain. Once someone calculates the hash value of the latest data information in the blockchain, it is equivalent to the latest transaction record.Rows are packed, and a new block will be created and connected to the end of the blockchain.
The Hash of the new block header is the hash value just calculated, and the PreHash is equal to the Hash of the previous block. The data in the block body stores the transaction records before packaging, and this part of the data information has become unmodifiable.
This process of calculating Hash values and creating new blocks is called mining.
The server used for massive calculations is called a mining machine.
The workers who operate calculations are called miners.
What is so difficult about calculating hash values? Let’s give the most superficial explanation. The formula for calculating the hash value is as follows:
Hash = SHA-256 (Hash of the last block + basic information of the new block + transaction record information + random number)
Among them, the transaction record information is also a series of hash values, and its calculation involves a data structure Merkle Tree. Interested friends can check the relevant information, we will not introduce it for now.
The key computational difficulty here lies in the generation of random numbers. In order to increase the difficulty of Hash calculation, the wretched inventor of the blockchain requires that the first 72 bits of the Hash result must be 0. This probability is too small.
Since (the Hash of the last block + the basic information of the new block + the transaction record information) is fixed, whether the Hash that meets the requirements can be obtained depends entirely on the value of the random number. Miners must go through massive calculations and repeatedly generate random numbers in an attempt to "get lucky" before they can get the correct Hash and successfully mine.
At the same time, the block header also contains a dynamic difficulty coefficient. When the world's hardware computing power becomes faster and faster, the difficulty coefficient of the blockchain will also increase, making the entire network capable of completing the task every 10 minutes on average. A new block is generated.
Friends, do you understand how difficult mining is? It should be added that different blockchain applications are different in details. The mining rules described here take Bitcoin as an example.
Applications of Blockchain
The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was first proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, and then based on this idea, open source software and P2P built on it were designed and released. network. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.
What is a P2P network?
Traditional currencies are uniformly issued by the central bank, and all personal savings are uniformly managed by banks. This is a typical centralized system.
Bitcoin is deployed on a decentralized network composed of many peer nodes around the world. Every node is qualified to record and issue this digital currency.
As for the underlying data storage of Bitcoin, it is based on blockchain technology. Every Bitcoin transactionTransactions correspond to a row in the block body data. A simple diagram is as follows:
Each row of the transaction record contains a timestamp, transaction details, and digital signature.
The table is only for ease of understanding. The actual stored transaction details are anonymous, and only the wallet addresses of the payer and payee are recorded.
As for digital signatures, they can be understood as anti-counterfeiting marks for each single transaction, generated by an asymmetric encryption algorithm.
Next let’s talk about the rewards of Bitcoin miners:
The Bitcoin protocol stipulates that miners who mine new blocks will receive rewards. Starting from 2008, it is 50 Bitcoins, and then halved every 4 years. , currently 12.5 Bitcoin in 2018. The new Bitcoins in circulation are all born in this way. No wonder everyone is so eager to mine Bitcoins!
Advantages and Disadvantages of Blockchain
Advantages of Blockchain:
1. Decentralization
Blockchain does not rely on a central node. The data of the entire system is All peer nodes in the entire network are jointly maintained and can store and verify data. In this way, unless the attacker hacks more than half of the nodes in the entire network, the entire system will not be destroyed.
2. Information cannot be tampered
The data in the block cannot be tampered with. Once the data is tampered with even a little bit, the hash value corresponding to the entire block will change accordingly, and it will no longer be a valid hash value, and the subsequent linked blocks will also be broken.
Disadvantages of blockchain:
1. Excessive consumption of energy
To generate a new block, a large amount of server resources must be used to perform a large number of unnecessary trial calculations, which seriously consumes electricity.
2. Network delay of information
Take Bitcoin as an example. Any transaction data needs to be synchronized to all other nodes. The synchronization process will inevitably be affected by network transmission delay, resulting in a long time consuming.
A few additional points:
1. Part of the content of this comic refers to Ruan Yifeng’s blog post "Blockchain Introductory Tutorial". I would like to thank this great master for his popular science.
2. Due to limited space, the knowledge about Merkle Tree and asymmetric encryption has not been discussed in detail for the time being. Interested friends can check the information for further study.
4. What is blockchain
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.blocks.
Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and basic algorithms such as data encryption and timestamps; the network layer includes distributed networking mechanisms, data dissemination mechanisms, and data verification mechanisms; the consensus layer mainly encapsulates network nodes Various consensus algorithms; the incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; the contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, and is the core of the blockchain The basis of programmable features; the application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of the blockchain. In this model, the chain block structure based on timestamps, the consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentives based on consensus computing power, and flexible programmable smart contracts are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Isn’t this sentence very awkward? It doesn’t matter if you don’t understand, let’s use an analogy.
Imagine everyone has a magical little notebook. When a transaction occurs between two people, the transaction is recorded in your two notebooks without any intermediary, including a notary. The most amazing thing is that this transaction record will be automatically copied to everyone's notebook soon, and everyone can see it. When more than half of the small books have records of this transaction, the transaction will officially take effect.
After the transaction takes effect, you cannot tamper with the record privately. Even if you can tamper with the records in your own notebook, unless you can tamper with the records in most people's notebooks at the same time (which is almost impossible), the transaction will still be valid.
So there is no need for a third-party trusted intermediary, and such transactions can proceed with confidence because everyone else is automatically notarizing the transaction. Do you want to default on your debt after buying something? no way. Likewise, you don’t have to worry about the other party defaulting on your account.
Because blockchain has the characteristics of large-scale scalability, open and transparent data, and non-editable data, it can especially effectively solve the problem of trust among strangers, so it can be extended to all fields that can be digitized. For example, digital currency, payment settlement, digital bills, proof of rights, credit reporting, government services, medical records, etc.
5. What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology?
What is blockchain technology? What are the core components of blockchain technology? What is blockchain technology:
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as a comparisonBitcoin’s underlying technology. The blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
The core components of blockchain technology:
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security issues of transactions, so it proposes four technological innovations to address this issue:
The first one is called distribution A type of ledger means that transaction accounting is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of the transaction and can also jointly testify for it.
Different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of the blockchain stores complete data according to the block chain structure. Traditional distributed storage generally divides data into multiple parts for storage according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has equal status, relying on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes through the central node. [8]
No node can record ledger data independently, thus avoiding the possibility of a single bookkeeper being controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Also because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically speaking, the accounts will not be lost unless all nodes are destroyed, thereby ensuring the security of the accounting data.
The second one is called asymmetric encryption and authorization technology. The transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed with authorization from the data owner. This ensures data security and personal privacy.
The third one is called the consensus mechanism, which is how all accounting nodes reach a consensus to determine the validity of a record. This is both a means of identification and a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The consensus mechanism of the blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal". "The minority obeys the majority" does not entirely refer to the number of nodes, but can also be computing power, the number of shares, or other factors. A characteristic quantity that a computer can compare. "Everyone is equal" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes have the right to give priority to the consensus result, which will be directly recognized by other nodes and may eventually become the final consensus result. [8]
Taking Bitcoin as an example, it uses proof of work. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the entire network are controlled, it is possible to forge a non-existent record. When there are enough nodes joining the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
The last technical feature is called smart contracts. Smart contracts are based on these trustworthy and non-tamperable data and can be automated.Enforce some predefined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and trustworthy, it will be easy to automate claims settlement in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, the reliance on trusted data continues unabated. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically speaking, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
Chongqing Jinwowo Analysis: The consensus mechanism is the core of blockchain technology. The consensus mechanism largely determines the degree of mutual trust between nodes in the entire blockchain system, and also determines other users’ views on the blockchain. The degree of trust in online data
What is the core component of blockchain technology? Analysis by Chongqing Jinwowo: Blockchain technology consists of three core technologies: consensus mechanism, common defense mechanism, and distributed storage.
The three core technologies are supported by machine trust, that is, through the support of network technology, breakthroughs in difficult problems such as point-to-point transactions, decentralization, non-tampering of recorded information, irreversible transactions, and information encryption are achieved through network technology support.
The development of blockchain technology is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous expansion of applications. This powerful development force coming from the needs of various industries has caused rapid changes in blockchain technology, allowing various industries to achieve great results. The results are attracting more and more attention, and professional technology and resources are constantly concentrated in this industry, thus bringing the development of blockchain technology to a new stage, and the impact of this development of blockchain technology has also much attention.
When talking about blockchain technology, Bitcoin has to be mentioned. Many people know that the electronic currency Bitcoin does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations by a specific algorithm. In fact, the core that truly supports Bitcoin is blockchain technology.
How does the invisible and intangible Bitcoin operate through blockchain technology? The interpretation circulated in the industry is that blockchain can be regarded as a technical solution for collectively maintaining reliable databases through "decentralization" and "trustlessness". In layman’s terms, this technology can be understood as a technology in which everyone participates in accounting. In the past, people used centralized servers to keep accounts, but in the blockchain technology system, everyone can participate in accounting and jointly identify Authenticity of records.
"Through this technology, even if there is no neutral third-party organization, two parties that do not trust each other can achieve cooperation. In short, the blockchain is like a 'machine that creates trust.'" Bubi Company It is a leading blockchain service provider in China. It has made many breakthroughs in the blockchain technology platform, can meet scenarios with tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build upper-layer application businesses.
The blockchain technology used by all parties involved in recording and storing information adopts a decentralized distributed structure, which saves a lot of intermediary costs and can better ensure data security; at the same time, it has a time stamp that cannot be tampered with. It can effectively solve problems such as data tracking and information anti-counterfeiting.
Will it become the next trend of Internet finance?
Although blockchain emerged with Bitcoin, the derived value of this technology has transcended digital currency. Bubi Blockchain focuses on the innovation of blockchain technology and products. It already possesses a number of core technologies and has developed its own blockchain service platform. With decentralized trust as the core, we are committed to building an open value circulation network to allow digital assets to flow freely. What Bubi wants to do is to create a new technology and product - to realize real value circulation and bring the Internet to a new level. With the application of this technology, there will be no central organization when transferring assets, and direct transfer of assets between us can be achieved.
In the current international financial market, the U.S. Central Bank, Swiss Bank, and some insurance and futures companies are all competing to develop blockchain technology. Fang Liang introduced that in the Internet financial industry, blockchain technology will first affect financial infrastructure such as payment systems, securities settlement systems, and transaction databases; later, the technology will also expand to general financial services, such as credit systems and "anti-money laundering" "wait.
"The payment and clearing system in the financial field will evolve towards decentralization. The electronic ledger supported by blockchain technology is a reliable system that is error-free and cannot be tampered with. It has various functions for payment, clearing, transaction, confirmation of rights, etc. A profound impact," Li Yan said.
Therefore, industry insiders believe that blockchain technology may be the next trend in the Internet financial industry. As the interconnection of all things deepens, Yang Tao, assistant director of the Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also said that blockchain will make it possible for all individuals to become important nodes in the allocation of financial resources, and will also promote the improvement of existing financial system rules. Build a shared and win-win financial development ecosystem.
Blockchain technology will affect many industries
"Blockchain technology has been widely used in the era of big data." Li Yan said frankly that in addition to the Internet financial field, blockchain technology has been used in many industries. It has been applied in many fields and has shown great prospects.
For example, the healthcare industry has benefited greatly from blockchain technology. In reality, patient private information leaks often occur, and centralized database or file cabinet management in medical departments is no longer the optimal choice. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to keep patients' private information confidential.
In addition, blockchain technology also has important legal implications. In some civil fields, it is often necessary to provide evidence to determine blame, and blockchain technology can record every step and help judicial authorities identify the specific responsible person.
“Especially in the field of assets, whether it is physical assets such as real estate and cars, or intangible assets such as health and reputation, it canUse this technology to complete registration, transactions, and tracking. It can be said that blockchain technology will be useful in any area of production and life that lacks trust. ”
The development of blockchain technology has also brought about changes in the operational concepts of various industries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted new developments in various industries. This driving force has an impact on society and the promotion of economic activities. It is also huge. Many new industry phenomena will occur one after another, and the public is also waiting and watching, looking forward to this new technology being used by various industries and better benefiting various industries.
The so-called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to participate in database records.
Explained in layman’s terms: If the database is assumed to be a ledger, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find out the fastest and best bookkeeping within a period of time. This person will keep accounts, and then send this page of information in the ledger to everyone else in the entire system. This is equivalent to changing all the records in the database and sending it to every other node in the entire network, so Blockchain technology is also called distributed ledger.
What is the core technology of Jinwowo blockchain technology?
Chongqing Jinwowo analyzes blockchain The core technologies of the technology are as follows:
Distributed ledger technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contracts.
The core of blockchain is that it Store all information in independent personal computer networks, making it a decentralized, distributed structure.
This means that the system is not owned by a controlling company or individual, but Everyone can use and run the system.
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What is blockchain technology?Blockchain has been hyped up, but you are obsessed with it. I don’t know!
Blockchain is a distributed database system that is participated by different nodes. It is an open ledger system (ledger).
It is composed of a string of It consists of data blocks or data packets generated by cryptography methods, that is, blocks. Each block of data information is automatically stamped with a timestamp, thereby calculating a data encryption value, that is, a hash value.).
Blockchain technology is essentially a distributed accounting technology. It allows everyone to have an instantly synchronized account book in their hands. Every transaction that occurs in the entire network will have thousands of backups and synchronous records. When perpetrators attempt to tamper with ledger data, they must change the ledger in the hands of the majority of people to achieve their goal.
6. What is blockchain
[Definition]
Blockchain refers to collective maintenance through decentralization and trustlessness. A technical solution for a reliable database. This technical solution allows any number of nodes participating in the system to calculate and record all information exchange data in the system for a period of time into a data block (block) through cryptographic algorithms, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking ( chain) and check the next data block, all participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true.
Blockchain is a general term for technical solutions similar to NoSQL (non-relational database). It is not a specific technology and can be implemented through many programming languages and architectures. There are also many ways to implement blockchain. Common ones currently include POW (Proof of Work), POS (Proof of Stake), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake), etc.
The concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", written by the self-proclaimed Satoshi Nakamoto ( Satoshi Nakamoto). Therefore, Bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payments.
[Popular explanation]
No matter how big the system or how small the website, there is usually a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? Under normal circumstances, whoever is responsible for operating the network or system will maintain it. If it is a WeChat database, it must be maintained by Tencent's team, and Taobao's database must be maintained by Alibaba's team. Everyone must think that this approach is natural, but this is not the case with blockchain technology.
If we imagine the database as a ledger: for example, Alipay is a typical ledger, and any change in data is accounting. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple accounting method. The same is true in the world of blockchain. Everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in accounting. The system will select within a period of time, maybe within ten seconds, or maybe ten minutes, to select the person with the fastest and best accounting during this period. This person will do the accounting, and he will combine the changes in the database during this period with Changes to the ledger are recorded in a block (block), we can imagine this block as a page. After the system confirms that the record is correct, it will link (chain) the data fingerprint of the past ledger to this piece of paper, and then send this piece of paper to other parts of the entire system. of all people. Then the cycle starts over and the system looks for the next person who can do the accounting quickly and well, and everyone else in the system gets a copy of the entire ledger. This also means that everyone in this system has exactly the same ledger. This technology is called blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology.
Since everyone (computer) has exactly the same ledger, and everyone (computer) has completely equal rights, the entire system will not be affected by a single person (computer) losing contact or going down. system breakdown. Since there are exactly the same ledgers, it means that all data is open and transparent, and everyone can see the digital changes in each account. Its very interesting feature is that the data in it cannot be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will consider the account books with the largest number of the same number as the real account books, and the small number of account books with different numbers as others are false account books. In this case, it makes no sense for anyone to tamper with their own ledger, because unless you can tamper with most of the nodes in the entire system. If the entire system has only five or ten nodes, it may be easy to do, but if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes, and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most of the computers in the world , otherwise it would be unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain.
7. What is data blockchain (BlockChain)
Blockchain is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. New application models of computer technology. Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin.
It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related data using cryptographic methods. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
(7) Extended reading of blockchain block structure
Most public blockchain chains are limited by scalability. The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, which requires all ledgers in the network to handle the accounting process. Distributed accounting has high security, low misoperation rate, and is also politically neutral and correct.
However, while blockchain technology embraces these characteristics, it sacrifices scalability, cannot meet personalized supervision, and is slightly insufficient in protecting data privacy. Moreover, as the number of ledgers increases, the interaction delay will increase exponentially, which means that the more ledgers in the blockchain network, the higher the latency will be.
8. Glossary of blockchain
Blockchain is explained as follows:
Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of a series of data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be inextricable. Tamper-proof and unforgeable distributed ledger.
Type
Public Blockchain
Public Block Chains: Any individual or group in the world Transactions can be sent and effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process.
Public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on public blockchains. There is only one such blockchain in the world. The blockchain corresponding to the currency.
Industry Block Chains
Industry Block Chains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block is generated by All pre-selected nodes make a joint decision (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process);
Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting) , the number of pre-selected nodes, how to decide the bookkeeper of each block has become the main risk point of the blockchain), anyone else can make limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.
Private Block Chains
Private Block Chains: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual. With exclusive write access to the blockchain, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions.
Traditional finance is trying to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.
9. What is data blockchain (BlockChain)
What is data blockchain (BlockChain)? 1. Data blockchain is an important concept in the Bitcoin financial system. It records transaction record data on the entire Bitcoin network, and these data are shared by all Bitcoin nodes. Through data blocks, we can Query the history of every Bitcoin transaction.
2. Example:
There are three persons A, B and C. All the funds of A and B are kept by C. And every financial transaction must be recorded by C. Now assume that A and B each have 1 million in custody of C. Then:
A spends 80,000 to B, thenFrom the records in the account book, C subtracts 80,000 yuan from A’s name and adds 80,000 yuan to B’s name.
If B transfers 50,000 yuan to A, then C will add 50,000 yuan to A’s name in the account book, and subtract 50,000 yuan to B’s name.
A spends 50,000 yuan to B, then C's account book record will subtract 50,000 yuan from A's name, and add 50,000 yuan to B's name.
3. The role of the data blockchain is similar to that of C’s account record book. It records the user’s ownership of Bitcoin and the records of all users’ Bitcoin transactions. It’s just that this “account record book” is recorded by the mining software of every Bitcoin miner on the Internet. If a Bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain. Bitcoin’s “account record book” is called the data blockchain. All data blockchains on the Internet form Bitcoin’s decentralized network database system.
4. The essence of data blockchain technology is a decentralized and distributed structure of data storage, transmission and certification methods. Data blocks replace the current Internet's reliance on central servers, making all Data changes or transaction projects are recorded on a cloud system, which theoretically realizes self-certification of data during data transmission. In a far-reaching sense, this goes beyond the traditional and conventional need to rely on the formalization of information verification by the center, and reduces the cost The establishment cost of global "credit", this point-to-point verification will produce a "basic protocol", which is a new form of decentralized artificial intelligence and will establish a new interface and shared interface between human brain intelligence and machine intelligence.
Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as decentralized data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Shanghai Heshu Software Co., Ltd. is an innovative technology enterprise focusing on the R&D and application of blockchain technology and a professional blockchain technology service provider. The team has been developing blockchain technology since 2016, and has conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology fields such as blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanism network security, decentralization, and point-to-point.
What is data blockchain (BlockChain), and what is its relationship with today’s big data?Blockchain is a new application model of computer technologies such as decentralized data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithms. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Heshu Software is an innovative technology enterprise focusing on the R&D and application of blockchain technology and a professional blockchain technology service provider. The team has been developing blockchain technology since 2016, and has conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology fields such as blockchain encryption algorithms, consensus mechanism network security, decentralization, and point-to-point.
WhatIs it blockchain technology? Blockchain technology, referred to as BT (Blockchain technology), also known as distributed ledger technology, is an Internet database technology that is characterized by decentralization, openness and transparency, allowing everyone to Participation database records.
You can go to Duoyuan.com to learn more
is a public list of all transactions that have been sent, which ensures that everyone knows the true owner (address) of each Bitcoin. All fully functional nodes on the network will retain a copy of the blockchain.
Block is an independent unit on the blockchain. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block (so it is impossible for someone to remove or modify any block on the blockchain without causing some of the hashes in the blockchain to mismatch), and also There are as many unconfirmed transactions as can be found on the Internet, and a number called a nonce. Someone who is building a block must find a suitable nonce so that the hash value of the block is below a certain threshold (the target value). This can only be done by trying all the nonces one after another. number until a random number that produces the desired hash value is found. The lower the target value, the harder it is to find a suitable random number. Block creation is intentionally made so difficult to prevent someone from spending Bitcoin and then creating and advancing his own blockchain that does not contain the transaction that shows the Bitcoin has been spent, a wipe The transaction record just now allows him to spend the Bitcoin twice. When a valid block is created, it is distributed throughout the network and the search for the next block begins based on this block.
What is blockchain and what is big data
1. Blockchain: It is a new type of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm. Application mode. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm that establishes trust and obtains rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.
Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, mentioned in the "2014-2016 Global Bitcoin Development Research Report" released by the Internet Finance Laboratory of Tsinghua University PBC School of Finance and Sina Technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of Bitcoin [2]. It is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction and is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. .
2. Big data: refers to a collection of data that cannot be captured, managed and processed within a certain time range using conventional software tools.The new processing model can produce massive, high-growth and diversified information assets with stronger decision-making power, insight discovery and process optimization capabilities.
The concept of blockchain is so popular! Will blockchain technology become a new trend?
In recent years, the development ecosystem of blockchain has gradually been improved and enriched. Industry insiders believe that with national policy support, widespread attention and financial support, blockchain technology can achieve gradual and stable progress. Although the upside prospects of blockchain technology are broad, we must remain calm about this.
What is the relationship between blockchain and big data? Will blockchain replace big data? The relationship between blockchain and big data is not very big. Big data is mainly about managing massive amounts of data, and the core of blockchain is to achieve high security and reliability of data without centralized intermediaries. Jinwowo Network Technology
Therefore, blockchain and big data do not conflict with each other, nor will they replace them. They are completely different solutions for data in different scenarios.
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