阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理,阿里巴巴区块链应用场景分析
近年来，随着区块链技术的发展，越来越多的企业开始使用区块链技术来提升财务管理的效率。阿里巴巴也不例外，推出了一系列的区块链应用，用于支持财务管理。今天，我们就来分析阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理的三大关键词：账本安全、供应链金融、财务报表自动化。
账本安全是阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理中的重要关键词。区块链技术的分布式账本特性，使得账本变得更加安全可靠。账本数据存储在多台节点上，每个节点都可以检查账本的完整性，如果有任何异常，都会立即发现，从而避免了账本被篡改的风险。此外，由于区块链技术的不可篡改性，企业也可以放心地存储重要的财务数据，确保财务数据的安全性。
供应链金融是阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理中的另一个关键词。阿里巴巴通过区块链技术，可以实现供应链金融，从而改善供应链金融的效率。例如，企业可以使用区块链技术来实现账本共享，从而更好地管理供应链金融。此外，区块链技术还可以帮助企业更好地管理供应链金融的数据，实现数据的可追溯性，从而提高供应链金融的效率。
财务报表自动化是阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理中的另一个关键词。阿里巴巴通过区块链技术，可以实现财务报表自动化，从而提高财务报表的准确性和可靠性。例如，企业可以通过区块链技术来收集和存储财务数据，从而实现财务报表的自动化，并可以更加及时地更新财务报表，从而提高财务报表的准确性和可靠性。
总之，阿里巴巴区块链应用到财务管理的三大关键词：账本安全、供应链金融、财务报表自动化，可以有效提升企业的财务管理效率，为企业带来更多的经济效益。
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『一』Alibaba and Tencent fell out of the top ten Internet centers but bucked the trend and moved into the top four
After the breakthrough in 2018, in the first half of 2019 Blockchain patent applications have cooled off somewhat.
The interlink pulse query on the innojoy patent platform showed that the number of blockchain patent applications in China in the first half of 2019 was 909, which was only 16.2% of the 5,606 applications in the whole of last year.
It is worth noting that although Alibaba still occupies the first position in the total number of blockchain patents, it has ranked outside the 10th place in terms of new blockchain patent applications in the first half of 2019. Xunlei Group’s Netcenter Technology jumped into fourth place.
Patent indicators have multiple meanings for blockchain companies, such as investment in R&D, quality of talents, emphasis on innovation, etc. From this, you can understand the other side of blockchain development.
Industry technology investment is cooling down?
Regardless of China or foreign countries, the number of blockchain-related patent applications fell off a cliff in the first half of 2019.
Interchain Pulse searched for the keyword "blockchain" through the patent query system innojoy. Half of 2019 has passed, and the number of blockchain patent applications is only 909, which is 16.2% of last year. It can be expected , this year it will be difficult to reach the number in 2018.
The situation in other global markets is not optimistic either. Searching for "blockchain", there were only 158 patent applications in the first half of this year, accounting for only 7% of last year's total.
This decline is caused, on the one hand, because the development of blockchain technology may enter a plateau period, and the patent layout in the blockchain field has entered the final stage, and all patents in this application have been applied for. , naturally reducing investment; on the other hand, the effectiveness of blockchain implementation is insufficient and no short-term effects can be seen. Enterprises that use KPIs as assessment targets naturally reduce investment in blockchain; finally, it may be due to market reasons. The price collapse of crypto assets in half a year has affected the financing, production and other activities of block companies, which in turn has affected patent applications.
Where have Alibaba and Tencent gone?
The most surprising thing is that Alibaba was not so "progressive" in terms of blockchain patents in 2019. He won the "championship" for two consecutive years in 2017 and 2018, but he was missing from the top ten this year.
According to data obtained by interlink pulse query innojoy, Alibaba Group applied for 12 patents in the first half of 2019, ranking only 12th.
In addition, Tencent, another major Internet company, has also significantly slowed down the pace of blockchain research and development. There were only 7 related patent applications in the first half of the year, ranking 22nd.
In the first half of the year, China Unicom had the largest number of applications, with 50 applications. Ping An Technology, Complex Beauty, Net Center Technology, and Network ranked 2-5 with 27, 25, 23, and 20 applications respectively.
Similar to the previous two years, there are two native blockchain companies in the top ten - Complex Beauty and Qulian Technology.
The evolution of China’s top ten blockchain patents
Native blockchain companies initially occupied a dominant position in related patents.
In 2015, China’s blockchain patent applications began to take off, with a total of 30 applications. The earliest batch of native blockchain companies have become the main force in blockchain patent applications. Bubi Blockchain, established in 2015, has applied for 8 related patents.
In 2016, the world continues to be dominated by native blockchain companies. In addition to Bubi Blockchain, there are also Hangzhou Yunxiang Blockchain, Hangzhou Complex Beauty, Beijing Tiande Technology, and Beijing Zhongxiang Bit Technology. Batch blockchain patent applications. The number of blockchain patent applications jumped to 470 that year.
It is worth noting that in 2016, Internet and financial technology companies joined the research on blockchain. The patent applications of Alibaba (7 cases) and China UnionPay (8 cases) showed that they are in the region. Blockchain business layout.
In 2017, more companies and organizations joined in blockchain research, and the number of patent applications that year was 1,478, more than three times that of 2016. In that year, Alibaba’s number of blockchain patent applications exploded (57), becoming the number one blockchain patent application.
It can be seen from the patent list that year that a group of traditional large companies poured into blockchain research, including Tencent, China Merchants Bank, China Unicom, Inspur Technology, Dianrong, etc., which all applied for more than 10 patents that year. More than 100 blockchain patents. However, native blockchain companies such as Zhonglian, VeChain, Ouluian, Qulian, etc. all ranked in the top ten in terms of patent applications that year.
In 2018, the number of blockchain patent applications was as high as 5,606. Traditional technology companies are accelerating their deployment in the blockchain field. Ping An Technology, Internet, Tencent, ZhongAn and Xunlei Group's Netcenter Technology entered the top ten in terms of patent applications that year, squeezing out native blockchain companies. Among the top ten, there are only two native blockchain companies, Complex America and Zhonglian.
Traditional technology companies and financial companies have advantages in technology, talent, and market, and most of them are trying to seize the market for blockchain patents.
The three poles of blockchain
As of the end of the first half of 2019, the number of blockchain applications in China exceeded 8,440. Alibaba still tops the list with 257 items. Complex Beauty and Zhonglian Technology are two native blockchain companies.
Interchain Pulse selects the number of blockchain patent applicationsThe top 30 companies are further subdivided according to their fields into Internet companies, financial technology companies, blockchain companies, communications companies, Internet of Things companies, universities and computer companies.
Currently there is a situation of "three parts of the world". The top 30 companies have applied for a total of 2,431 blockchain patents. Among them, Internet companies applied for 722 patents, accounting for 29.66%, including Alibaba, Internet, Tencent, Netcenter Technology, etc.; followed by blockchain companies, applied for 547 patents, accounting for 22.5%, including Complex Beauty , Zhonglian, Yunxiang, Ouluan, etc.; fintech applied for 541 applications, accounting for 22.2%, including Ping An Technology, Dianrong.com, Taikang Life, WeBank, etc.
The regional distribution of the top 30 blockchain patents also shows a trend of one-third of the world. Companies registered in Beijing applied for 845 patents, accounting for 34.7%, including China Unicom, China Network, Zhonglian, Qihoo, etc.; companies registered in Shenzhen applied for 830 patents, accounting for 34.1%, including Ping An Group, Tencent, Wangxin Technology, Launch Technology, etc.; there were 510 applications from companies registered in Hangzhou, accounting for 21%, including Alibaba, Complex Beauty, Yunxiang, Miyuan, etc. The performance of blockchain company clusters such as Guangzhou and Shanghai is not outstanding.
『二』 Central bank digital currency will rise. Digital currency will affect the future. Will paper money disappear?
Central bank digital currency will rise. Digital currency will Will banknotes disappear in the future? Theoretically, digital currency will replace banknotes in circulation in the market in the future, and banknotes will complete their historical mission and slowly disappear without a trace, becoming a piece of history. However, this requires a long and slow process, and we may not be able to wait until that day.
At present, no country in the world has fully realized paperless transactions. Some small developed countries are trying paperless transactions and have achieved certain achievements, but they have not been fully realized. Our country has a vast territory and different regions have different levels of economic development, which will make it more difficult to achieve.
However, domestic applied digital currencies are also booming. Puyin Group launched the standard digital currency Puyin, which has the credit endorsement of tea assets.
In theory, it is possible, but that is just a good vision and remains theoretical. The ideal is full and the reality is backbone. Digital currencies will need to go through a slow and bumpy process to replace fiat currencies. First of all, the popularization of digital currency must require the improvement of corresponding infrastructure, the great improvement of my country's economic development level, and the formation of people's behavioral habits. The central bank is also interested in digital currency, but this digital currency is more of a digital currency of the yuan. There are natural differences between the design principles of Bitcoin, Ruitai Coin, and Qianjin Card.
Will the central bank issue digital currency in the future? The central bank only plans to issue digital currency, and the specific time has not yet been determined. However, some relevant people said that the time for the central bank to issue digital currency is not yet mature, and it will be at least ten years later.
*** pointed out that digital currency as legal tender must be issued by the central bank. The issuance, circulation and trading of digital currency should follow the integration of traditional currency and digital currency and implement the same principles of management. This means that Q Coin, Bitcoin, Ruitai Coin, Weimeng Coin, etc. will definitely not work.
As for whether to use blockchain technology to create digital currency. *** said that blockchain technology is an optional technology, but so far blockchain still takes up too many resources. Whether it is computing resources or storage resources, it cannot cope with the current transaction scale. Can it be solved in the future? Still have to watch. *** stated that in addition to blockchain technology, the People's Bank of China's digital currency research team has also conducted in-depth research on other related technologies involved in digital currency, such as mobile payments, trusted and controllable cloud computing, cryptographic algorithms, security chips, etc.
After the central bank issues digital currency, paper money will continue to circulate in the market, and paper money will run parallel to digital currency. Just like many people are now using Alipay and WeChat Pay, paper money is still the mainstream payment method, and the same will be true for the central bank's version of digital currency in the future.
The central bank’s version of digital currency will first be applied to the bill market. The central bank’s version of digital currency has the attributes of currency and is endorsed by the central bank’s credit.
Recently, Puyin Group also launched Puyin, a tea-based digital currency. Puyin is a standard digital currency issued through encrypted digitalization of high-quality Tibetan tea assets that have been warehousing, appraised, evaluated and confirmed by three parties.
Now we are in the era of "digital currency discovery", and digital currency is the gold of the Internet era. In fact, many companies such as UnionPay and Alibaba have also announced research into blockchain technology. "In the future, it is possible to achieve full digitization. For example, scan-code payment developed in combination with third-party payment will eliminate the need to use cash for transactions."
What are the benefits of the central bank striving to issue digital currency as soon as possible< p> Issuing digital currency can effectively reduce the high cost of issuance and circulation of traditional banknotes, improve the convenience and transparency of economic transactions; it can reduce illegal and criminal activities such as money laundering and tax evasion, and enhance the central bank’s control over currency supply and currency circulation. It will better support economic and social development and help realize inclusive finance; it will help build new financial infrastructure, further improve the payment system, improve payment and settlement efficiency, and promote economic quality, efficiency and upgrading. The central bank is trying to implement legal digital currency. Will banknotes be replaced in the future?
If the soup is changed but not the medicine, the form of banknotes depends on the development trend of the times. If you really want to replace legal currency, I believe the central government’s attitude is still very determined. Let’s take a look.Just know about Bitcoin.
How to join the central bank’s digital currency From commodity currency to later credit currency, the digital currency and Bitcoin planned by the central bank to promote the improvement and efficiency of the economy are all very necessary, and they are all adapted to human business society The natural selection of development and the replacement of new products are the general trend. Digital currencies such as DECENT are different. Digital currencies are issued and replaced by new technologies. The People's Bank of China held a digital currency seminar. Paper currency has low technical content. On January 20 this year, for financial infrastructure Construction and establishment of circulation system. As a currency of the previous generation, currency has always been accompanied by technological progress and cost, but it may be applied to blockchain technology. Especially with the development of the Internet, it has been proposed to strive for the early launch of digital currencies issued by the central bank. In an interview with the media, the governor of the central bank, ***, also said that the central bank has actually begun to study digital currencies very early. Judging from the historical development trend, it has evolved from the early development of physical currency and economic activities, and has undergone tremendous changes in terms of security and global payment methods.
But, Litecoin.
Previously
The so-called need to be cautious when joining the central bank’s digital currency. The central bank has never issued a legal digital currency.
(1) The Monetary and Financial Bureau of the People’s Bank of China released the “Risk Warning on Fraudulent Use of the Name of the People’s Bank of China to Issue or Promote Digital Currency” on its official website, stating that individual companies have fraudulently used the name of the People’s Bank of China to label relevant digital products “ "Authorized issuance by the People's Bank of China", or falsely claiming that the central bank issued a digital currency promotion team in an attempt to deceive the public and take the opportunity to make huge profits.
(2) The central bank stated that it has not yet issued legal digital currency, nor has it authorized any institution or enterprise to issue legal digital currency, and it has no promotion team. Currently, the so-called “digital currencies” on the market are not legal digital currencies. The so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid schemes and fraud.
(3) The central bank emphasized that my country’s legal currency is RMB. RMB is uniformly printed and issued by the People's Bank of China. All public and private debts within the territory of our country shall be paid in RMB, and no unit or individual may refuse to accept it. The general public is requested to establish a correct concept of currency, take good care of the RMB, and jointly maintain the normal circulation order of the RMB.
I don’t know where this question comes from.
So far, no central bank has issued a digital currency.
Even if it is issued in the future, it will be just another form of banknotes. It is fundamentally different from virtual currencies such as Bitcoin in financial derivatives or more traditional digital currencies such as E-glod. The market will not be allowed to hype its concept!
『三』What are the blockchain platform construction companies?
Because blockchain has powerful effects and many application fields, it is necessary to distinguishThere are many companies that research and develop blockchain technology.
In recent news, both BAT and JD.com have announced their layout in the blockchain field, and Yingtang Zhongchuang, which uses blockchain technology for system development, has already conducted internal research on the blockchain platform. Construction is mainly used in five major scenarios, including finance, Internet of Things public services, charity and supply chain fields. Alibaba’s plan is to use blockchain to track the sales path of goods and establish a verification network to prevent counterfeiting. JD.com applies blockchain to anti-counterfeiting traceability and food safety. In addition, supply chain finance is also an alternative direction.
『四』Ant Group has released another blockbuster blockchain application. Can it create an "Alipay"?
Prior to this, Alibaba has also repeatedly announced that it will release "Alipay" today. Disruptive products”. So, what pain points can Trusple solve? What are the application prospects? What difficulties and obstacles does the promotion of Trusple currently face?
Another “Alipay”
“Same as Alipay’s original intention of launching secured transactions, Trusple also aims to solve the problem of transaction trust. The difference is that since blockchain technology is solving With outstanding features in trust in complex processes, Trusple better meets the needs of solving trust in international trade." said Jiang Guofei, Vice President of Ant Group and President of the Intelligent Technology Business Group.
Specifically, on the Trusple platform, when a buyer and seller generate a trade order, it is automatically uploaded to the chain and begins to circulate. The bank will automatically pay based on the payment terms agreed upon in the order, avoiding the traditional model. Sellers need to urge buyers to transfer money offline, and at the same time, they can also prevent the frequent malicious delay in payment time. Buyers can also obtain financial services such as account terms based on real orders on the chain, which greatly improves capital utilization and procurement efficiency.
For buyers and sellers, every successful transaction on Trusple is a deposit of "on-chain credit". When a company has financing needs, financial institutions can submit a verification request to the Trusple platform to determine the authenticity of the company's trade. In this way, on the one hand, it reduces the financial service risks of banks and other financial institutions, and at the same time, it also revitalizes the survival and operating capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises.
It is understood that five banks, including BNP Paribas, Citibank, DBS Bank, Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, have become Trusple’s first partners.
How complex is traditional trade finance business? The following is the bank's letter of credit business flow chart:
As can be seen from the above, the traditional international trade financing model is not only complex in process, but also requires high service fees from banks. If there is a blockchain trade settlement platform and a trade settlement contract is developed, the exporter directly places the advance payment in the smart contract. When the exporter's goods arrive at the destination, the system verifies that the documents are qualified and then triggers the smart contract.Making an appointment to lend money to exporters not only has a simple process and low service fees, but more importantly, it can reduce the capital occupation cycle and improve capital efficiency.
"This is the case with Trusple currently launched by Ant Group, and Ant Chain also supports smart contracts." Li Lianxuan said.
To sum up, the difference between traditional cross-border trade and Trusple is centralization and decentralization. In the traditional trade model, banks serve as the center, providing transaction credit or financing facilities to buyers and sellers to ensure the smooth progress of transactions. The "credit" in this is the bank's third-party credit. As for the trust model of blockchain, its "credit" comes from the blockchain itself and does not require a third-party intermediary.
Facing two major obstacles
The launch of Trusple also fulfilled a long-cherished wish of Ali for 19 years.
As early as 2001, Alibaba B2B Company tried to use a model similar to an intermediary guarantee to solve the problem of mutual distrust between buyers and sellers in foreign trade transactions, but was unable to do so due to technical constraints at the time. Two years later, the emergence of Alipay solved the trust problem among C2C business users. However, because transactions between businesses are much more complex than between individuals, and payment methods and logistics methods are also very different, the plan 19 years ago has been shelved to this day. Until the emergence of blockchain provides new solutions. For this reason, Alibaba calls the launch of Trusple a major launch comparable to the birth of Alipay.
It is worth noting that although Trusple has similar functions to Alipay, both are designed to solve the trust problem between different subjects, but the solution ideas are completely opposite. Trusple aims to eliminate middle links and disintermediate, while Alipay is the largest intermediary with 1 billion users. Trusple only targets B-side users in cross-border trade, so it seems to be fine with Alipay for now. So if similar products are used in domestic C2C e-commerce scenarios in the future, it will revolutionize Alipay's life.
Alibaba’s Blockchain Layout
Blockchain is based on the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, information traceability, anti-tampering, and automatic execution of smart contracts. It is a natural solution to trust issues. weapon. As The Economist said: Blockchain will become a “trust machine.” Therefore, Jack Ma said that Alibaba without blockchain would "die".
Jack Ma’s words are not alarmist. Alipay, which started as an e-commerce company, has played a key role in solving the trust issue between consumers and merchants in online transactions. It can be said that without Alipay, Alibaba would not have the e-commerce empire it has today. “Over the past decade or so, we have continued to promote the construction of trust mechanisms through technology and innovation,” Ant Group said in its IPO prospectus.
To this end, as early as 2015, Alibaba established a blockchain team and began to invest in blockchain research and development. In October 2017, Ant Financial (the predecessor of Ant Group)Released the "BASIC Strategy" (blockchain, artificial intelligence, security, Internet of Things, cloud computing). In July this year, just before Ant Group applied for listing on the Science and Technology Innovation Board, Ant Blockchain was officially upgraded to "Ant Chain". Jack Ma personally named Ant Chain, which shows its status in the Alibaba ecosystem.
Today, Alibaba has implemented more than 50 blockchain application scenarios. Ant Chain is technically able to support 1 billion account sizes and can support 1 billion daily transactions, achieving 10 transactions per second. Wanbi cross-chain information processing capabilities (PPS).
In April this year, Ant’s “Open Alliance Chain” was officially launched, fully opening up its blockchain technology and application capabilities to small and medium-sized enterprises. Subsequently, the implementation of related blockchain applications further accelerated. In July, the Ant Chain all-in-one machine was released, which can save more than 90% of blockchain deployment time for government and enterprise developers; on September 18, it was opened to the public including data security computing hardware, The privacy and security "three-piece package" of 3D contract security services and data privacy computing services; Trusple is released today.
In terms of research and development, Alibaba’s blockchain patent applications have ranked first in the world for four consecutive years, and its self-developed cross-chain technology has also been recognized as an international standard.
According to the website of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Ant Group’s Science and Technology Innovation Board IPO has entered the “submission for registration” stage. "After listing, the most important thing for Ant Group is to invest in technology. In the future, it will focus on investing in the five major technical fields of artificial intelligence, risk management, security, blockchain, computing and technical infrastructure." Ant Group CEO Hu Xiaoming said.
『五』Technology | Alibaba DAMO Academy: These ten cutting-edge technologies will have major breakthroughs in 2020
Not long ago, Alibaba Group’s cutting-edge technology research institution DAMO Academy released the 2020 The top ten technology trends cover cutting-edge technologies and hot words such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and blockchain. The industry believes that the trend content released by DAMO Academy focuses on cutting-edge technologies that are entering real life and has become a beneficial outlook for related industries.
The top ten technology trends in 2020 specifically include the evolution of artificial intelligence from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence, the integration of computing and storage to break through the AI computing power bottleneck, the hyper-convergence of the industrial Internet, and the possibility of large-scale collaboration between machines. Modularization lowers the threshold of chip design, large-scale production-level blockchain applications will enter the public, quantum computing enters a critical period, new materials promote the innovation of semiconductor devices, AI technology that protects data privacy will be accelerated, and the cloud will become the center of IT technology innovation. .
Taking the trend of "AI technology that protects data privacy will accelerate its implementation" as an example, the report believes that the compliance costs generated by data circulation are getting higher and higher. The use of AI technology to protect data privacy is becoming a new technology hotspot. It can not only ensure the data security and privacy of all parties, but also work with users to achieve specific calculations, solve the problem of data islands and low credibility of data sharing, and realize the value of data. .
Damo Academy asserts that a new decade of technology waves has begun, and there will be disruptive technological breakthroughs in many fields such as AI, chips, cloud computing, blockchain, industrial Internet, and quantum computing.
01 Artificial intelligence evolves from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence
Artificial intelligence has reached or surpassed human levels in perceptual intelligence fields such as "listening, speaking, and seeing", but in The field of cognitive intelligence that requires external knowledge, logical reasoning, or domain transfer is still in its infancy. Cognitive intelligence will draw inspiration from cognitive psychology, brain science and human social history, and combine cross-domain knowledge graphs, causal reasoning, continuous learning and other technologies to establish an effective mechanism for stably acquiring and expressing knowledge, so that knowledge can be used by machines. Understand and apply it to achieve the key breakthrough from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence.
02 Large-scale collaboration between machines becomes possible
Traditional single intelligence cannot meet the real-time perception and decision-making of large-scale intelligent devices. The development of IoT collaborative sensing technology and 5G communication technology will realize collaboration between multiple intelligent agents - machines cooperate with each other and compete with each other to complete target tasks. Group intelligence brought about by multi-agent collaboration will further amplify the value of intelligent systems: large-scale intelligent traffic light dispatching will achieve dynamic real-time adjustments, warehouse robots will collaborate to complete efficient collaboration in cargo sorting, driverless vehicles can perceive global road conditions, and groups Drone collaboration will effectively open up the last mile of delivery.
03 Integrated computing and storage breaks through AI computing power bottlenecks
The separation of storage and computing in the von Neumann architecture is no longer suitable for data-driven artificial intelligence application needs. Computational bottlenecks and power consumption bottlenecks caused by frequent data transfers have become limiting factors in the exploration of more advanced algorithms. The in-memory computing architecture, which is similar to the structure of brain nerves, integrates data storage units and computing units into one, which can significantly reduce data handling and greatly improve computing parallelism and energy efficiency. Innovations in hardware architecture of computing and storage integration will break through the bottleneck of AI computing power.
04 Hyper-convergence of the Industrial Internet
The rapid development of 5G, IoT devices, cloud computing, and edge computing will promote the hyper-convergence of the Industrial Internet and realize industrial control systems, communication systems, and informatization Intelligent integration of systems. Manufacturing companies will realize equipment automation, transportation automation and production scheduling automation, thereby achieving flexible manufacturing. At the same time, the upstream and downstream manufacturing lines of the factory can adjust and collaborate in real time. This will significantly improve factory production efficiency and corporate profitability. For industrial industries with an output value of tens of trillions or even hundreds of billions, improving efficiency by 5%-10% will generate a value of trillions of yuan.
05 Modularization lowers the threshold of chip design
The traditional chip design model cannot efficiently cope with the rapid iteration, customization and fragmentation of chip needs. Take RISC-V asThe representative open instruction set and its corresponding open source SoC chip design, high-level abstract hardware description language and IP-based template chip design method have promoted the rapid development of chip agile design methods and open source chip ecology. In addition, the modular design method based on chiplets uses advanced packaging methods to package different functional "chip modules" together, which can quickly customize a chip that meets application requirements without skipping tape-out, further speeding up the delivery of chips. .
06 Large-scale production-level blockchain applications will enter the public
Blockchain BaaS (Blockchain as a Service) services will further lower the threshold for enterprises to apply blockchain technology. Hardware chips with various solidified core algorithms for terminals, clouds, and chains specially designed for blockchain will also emerge to achieve the anchoring of physical world assets and on-chain assets, further expand the boundaries of the value Internet, and realize the interconnection of thousands of chains. . In the future, a large number of innovative blockchain application scenarios and multi-dimensional collaboration across industries and ecosystems will emerge, and large-scale production-level blockchain applications with more than 10 million daily users will be available to the public.
07 Quantum computing enters a critical period
In 2019, the battle for "quantum supremacy" has once again made quantum computing the focus of the world's science and technology. The achievements of superconducting quantum computing chips have enhanced the industry’s optimistic expectations for the superconducting route and the pace of realizing large-scale quantum computing. In 2020, the field of quantum computing will experience a stage of further increased investment, intensified competition, accelerated industrialization and a richer ecosystem. As the two most critical technological milestones, fault-tolerant quantum computing and demonstration of practical quantum advantage will be a turning point in the practicalization of quantum computing. In the next few years, it will be a very arduous task to truly achieve any of them, and quantum computing will enter a technical challenge period.
08 New materials promote innovation in semiconductor devices
Under the dual pressure of the slowdown of Moore's Law and the explosion of computing power and storage needs, it is difficult for classic transistors based on silicon to maintain the semiconductor industry With the continuous development of semiconductor technology, major semiconductor manufacturers have no clear answer for the direction of chips below 3 nanometers. New materials will realize new logic, storage and interconnection concepts and devices through new physical mechanisms, and promote innovation in the semiconductor industry. For example, topological insulators, two-dimensional superconducting materials, etc. can achieve lossless electron and spin transport and can become the basis for new high-performance logic and interconnect devices; new magnetic materials and new resistive switching materials can bring high-performance magnetism Memories such as SOT-MRAM and resistive switching memory.
09 AI technology that protects data privacy will accelerate its implementation
The compliance costs generated by data circulation are getting higher and higher. The use of AI technology to protect data privacy is becoming a new technology hotspot. It can ensure the data security and privacy of all parties while uniting users to achieve special results.Customized computing solves the problems of data islands and low credibility of data sharing, and realizes the value of data.
10 The cloud has become the center of IT technology innovation
With the in-depth development of cloud technology, the cloud has far exceeded the scope of IT infrastructure and has gradually evolved into the center of all IT technology innovation. . The cloud has penetrated the entire IT technology chain of new chips, new databases, self-driving and adaptive networks, big data, AI, Internet of Things, blockchain, and quantum computing. At the same time, it has also given rise to serverless computing, cloud-native software architecture, and software. With new technology models such as hardware integrated design and intelligent automated operation and maintenance, the cloud is redefining everything about IT. The cloud in a broad sense is continuously turning new IT technologies into accessible services and becoming the infrastructure of the entire digital economy.
『Lu』 How to define blockchain and what are its application scenarios
Many people now think that blockchain is a universal technology that can do anything, which is more or less the case. Make blockchain technology a myth!
Regarding the definition of blockchain technology, American scholar Melanie Swann defined blockchain technology as an open, transparent and decentralized technology in her book "Blockchain: A New Economic Blueprint and Introduction" database.
Definition of Blockchain: Narrow VS Broad
As for the application scenarios of blockchain technology, it is natural to combine the differences between blockchain and other technologies. In terms of system characteristics.
Blockchain technology features include:
Blockchain is a global A database storage system that can be operated collaboratively in various places is different from traditional database operations where read and write permissions are in the hands of a company or a centralized authority (a characteristic of centralization). Blockchain believes that anyone with the ability to set up a server can participate. Nuggets from all over the world have deployed their own servers locally and connected to the blockchain network to become a node in this distributed database storage system; once joined, the node enjoys exactly the same rights as all other nodes and obligations (decentralized, distributed characteristics).
At the same time, people who provide services on the blockchain can perform read and write operations on any node in the system. In the end, all nodes around the world will complete the process again and again according to a certain mechanism. Synchronize in sequence to achieve complete consistency of data in all nodes in the blockchain network.
At the beginning of this year, the term blockchain began to enter everyone’s lives. From national leaders to aunts who dance square dances, everyone knows this term. This term is widely known by Bit Brought by coins.
As we all know, the first few dozen Bitcoins could only be exchanged for one pizza, and at its peak, it was worth more than 20,000 US dollars.One has skyrocketed more than a thousand times, which has also benefited a large number of local tycoons. Currently, virtual currencies generated by blockchain technology are increasingly entering everyone's lives. Many people have joined the ranks of currency speculation. I often hear people say that buying the right One hundred times the coin, a bicycle can be transformed into a sports car, and one coin can turn a young model into a young model. You can imagine how attractive it is.
Since 2008, various games applying blockchain technology have also become popular, such as development games (Network Letts Dog, 360 Block Cat), mining games (NetEase Planet, Virtual Earth, Gongxinbao), these are attracting everyone to join in the name of blockchain, and of course there are some that are really reliable, which requires everyone to identify them carefully.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger (database) that connects data blocks in an orderly manner and cryptographically ensures that it cannot be tampered with or forged. technology. In layman's terms, blockchain technology can achieve openness, transparency, non-tampering, non-forgery, and traceability of all data information in the system without the need for third-party endorsement. As an underlying protocol or technical solution, blockchain can effectively solve the problem of trust and realize the free transfer of value. It has broad prospects in the fields of digital currency, financial asset transaction settlement, digital government affairs, and certificate deposit and anti-counterfeiting data services.
Digital currency
After experiencing physical objects, precious metals, banknotes and other forms, digital currency has become the development direction of the digital economy era. Compared with physical currency, digital currency has the characteristics of easy portability and storage, low circulation cost, convenient use, easy anti-counterfeiting and management, breaking geographical restrictions, and better integration.
Bitcoin technically implements an electronic cash system in which both parties to the transaction can directly transfer funds to each other without the need for third-party transfer or arbitration. In June 2019, the Internet giant Facebook also released a white paper on its cryptocurrency Libra. Whether it is Bitcoin or Libra, the underlying technology they rely on is blockchain technology.
my country began the development of central bank digital currency as early as 2014. my country's digital currency DC/EP adopts a two-tier operating system: the central bank does not directly issue digital currency to the public. Instead, the central bank redeems the digital currency to various commercial banks or other legal operating institutions, and then these institutions exchange it for public supply. its use. In early August 2019, the central bank held a video conference on work for the second half of the year. The meeting called for accelerating the pace of research and development of the national legal digital currency.
Financial asset transaction settlement
Blockchain technology naturally has financial attributes, and it is causing disruptive changes in the financial industry. In terms of payment and settlement, under the blockchain distributed ledger system, multiple market participants jointly maintain and synchronize a "general ledger" in real time. Payment, clearing, and settlement that currently take two or three days can be completed in just a few minutes. tasks, reducing the complexity and cost of cross-bank and cross-border transactions. At the same time, the bottom layer of the blockchain addsCryptozoological technology ensures that participants cannot tamper with the ledger, ensuring that transaction records are transparent and secure. Regulators can easily track on-chain transactions and quickly locate high-risk capital flows. In terms of securities issuance transactions, traditional stock issuance has long procedures, high costs, and complex links. Blockchain technology can weaken the role of underwriting institutions and help all parties establish fast and accurate information exchange and sharing channels. Issuers handle issuance on their own through smart contracts, and regulatory authorities With unified review and verification, investors can also bypass intermediaries and conduct direct operations. In terms of digital bills and supply chain finance, blockchain technology can effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is difficult for current supply chain finance to benefit small and medium-sized enterprises in the upper reaches of the industrial chain, because they often do not have direct trade relations with core enterprises, and it is difficult for financial institutions to evaluate their credit qualifications. Based on blockchain technology, we can establish a consortium chain network covering core enterprises, upstream and downstream suppliers, financial institutions, etc. The core enterprises issue accounts receivable vouchers to their suppliers. After the bills are digitized and uploaded to the chain, they can be uploaded to the supplier Transfer between them, each level of supplier can realize the corresponding amount of financing with the digital bill certificate.
Digital Government Affairs
Blockchain can make data run and greatly streamline the service process. The distributed technology of blockchain can allow government departments to be centralized on one chain, and all service processes are delivered to smart contracts. As long as the service personnel pass the identity authentication and electronic signature in one department, the smart contracts can be automatically processed and transferred, and the subsequent steps can be completed in sequence. All approvals and signatures. Blockchain invoice is the earliest application of domestic blockchain technology. The tax department launched the "Tax Chain" platform for blockchain electronic invoices. The tax department, the issuer, and the payee join the "Tax Chain" network through unique digital identities, truly realizing "instant invoicing for transactions" and "instant reimbursement after invoicing" - in seconds Level invoicing and minute-level reimbursement accounting greatly reduce tax collection and management costs, and effectively solve problems such as data tampering, over-reporting of one ticket, and tax evasion. Poverty alleviation is another practical application of blockchain technology. Utilize the characteristics of openness, transparency, traceability, and non-tampering of blockchain technology to achieve transparent use, precise investment, and efficient management of poverty alleviation funds.
Evidence-based anti-counterfeiting
Blockchain can prove the existence of a file or digital content at a specific time through hash timestamps, and it is open, non-tamperable, and traceable. It provides perfect solutions for judicial forensics, identity certification, property rights protection, anti-counterfeiting and traceability, etc. In the field of intellectual property, the digital signature of blockchain technology and on-chain certificates can confirm the rights of text, pictures, audio and video, etc., and create and execute transactions through smart contracts, allowing creators to regain pricing power and preserve data formation in real time. The evidence chain covers the three major scenarios of rights confirmation, transaction and rights protection. In the field of anti-counterfeiting and traceability, blockchain technology can be widely used in various fields such as food and medicine, agricultural products, alcohol, and luxury goods through supply chain tracking.
Data services
Blockchain technology will greatly optimize existing big data applications and improve data circulation and sharing.play a huge role. In the future, the Internet, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things will generate massive amounts of data. The existing centralized data storage (computing model) will face huge challenges. Edge storage (computing) based on blockchain technology is expected to become a future solution. Furthermore, the non-tampering and traceability mechanism of blockchain ensures the authenticity and high quality of data, which becomes the basis for all data applications such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, blockchain can realize multi-party collaborative data calculations while protecting data privacy, and is expected to solve the problems of "data monopoly" and "data islands" and realize the value of data circulation. In response to the current blockchain development stage, in order to meet the blockchain development and application needs of general business users, many traditional cloud service providers have begun to deploy their own BaaS ("Blockchain as a Service") solutions. The combination of blockchain and cloud computing will effectively reduce enterprise blockchain deployment costs and promote the implementation of blockchain application scenarios. In the future, blockchain technology will also play an important role in many fields such as charity, insurance, energy, logistics, and the Internet of Things.
The three words "blockchain" were completely ignited during the Spring Festival that just passed, and the limelight overshadowed everything else. Some people said that this was the arrival of a new era, and the past It has become a classic, and some people say that it is all hype and is ultimately a bubble.
In fact, blockchain technology is not a new concept. It has been applied to many industries, such as electronic signatures, as early as the past two years. Recently, the third-party electronic signature platform eShanbao revealed the latest progress of blockchain applications to NewSeed.
Currently, blockchain technology is mainly used in e-signing products for certificate deposit and certificate issuance. The application scenarios include copyright protection and online signing. , web page forensics, phone recording, email storage of evidence, etc.
Take the rights protection of online works as an example. Since online rights protection generally adopts the method of collecting evidence after the fact, real-time confirmation of rights is not carried out in the process of evidence generation, so the entire confirmation process is difficult. The copyright process is time-consuming, difficult and costly to obtain evidence, and extremely difficult to prove and trace the source. It cannot meet the characteristics of rapid dissemination and large quantity of online works.
eShanbao's new intellectual property protection solution based on timestamp + blockchain starts from the user's real-name authentication and solidifies the information generated in the process in real time. Electronic data, and through the time source service synchronized with the National Time Service Center, online works are stamped with legally valid timestamps to prove that electronic files have not been tampered with in a certain period of time. Blockchain technology can establish point-to-point trust in the network, ensuring that all blockchain nodes can record complete copyright confirmation and transaction records, and can trace their origins, truly realizing anti-repudiation and anti-tampering, and realizing a kind of distribution. trust infrastructure.
Founder and CEO Jin Hongzhou believes that the application of decentralized blockchain technology has greatly improved the efficiency of data storage and certificate issuance, as well as the credibility of the identity of the parties. It reduces the cost of trust, but it cannot replace the original centralized public key encryption technology. The two should complement each other. Through the combination of the two, users can be provided with real-time and reliable confirmation solutions.
Next, e-Shanbao will also focus on building a smart contract platform based on blockchain technology. Jin Hongzhou said that data storage, Issuing certificates is only a relatively superficial application based on blockchain technology. It is the first step to implement blockchain technology, and the realization of real smart contracts is the second step. "Smart contracts cannot simply be understood as electronic contracts. They refer to a process, from the conclusion of the contract to the confirmation to the final execution." Jin Hongzhou explained.
From a technical perspective, blockchain is not a brand-new technology, but a new application model of computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and smart contracts. Specifically, blockchain technology is a technical solution that collectively maintains a reliable database in a decentralized, high-trust manner.
Due to its advantages such as "decentralization", "distributed data storage", "traceability", "anti-tampering", and "openness and transparency", blockchain technology can effectively solve data problems. By establishing a trustworthy data management environment, we can prevent and avoid various data management problems such as data fraud, tampering, and loss, and promote the efficient sharing and application of data. In the process of practice and exploration, the application scope of blockchain technology continues to expand, especially in the field of public resource transactions, and continues to empower public resource transaction management services.
Facilitate transaction data sharing and transaction witnessing
Facilitate transaction data Share
Currently, the data of different trading centers are not interoperable, and the subject information of different trading centers needs to be entered repeatedly. It is difficult to verify the off-site performance provided by the bidders during the bid evaluation process. It is difficult to troubleshoot the same person repeatedly serving as project manager. Issues such as low cost of breach of trust. Establishing a cross-regional subject database based on blockchain can well alleviate the above problems.
The distributed ledger feature based on the blockchain can effectively ensure the real-time or quasi-real-time sharing of data, and can reduce the repeated entry of subject information; the use of blockchain information that cannot be tampered can ensure the data flow process on the chain. The authenticity of the bidders in the regional alliance is directly obtained from the on-chain data, making it impossible to hide the fake performance. At the same time, the sharing of bidding behavior data through the blockchain provides a data basis for the development of "joint punishment of dishonest enterprises".
Blockchain-based transaction witness
"Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration and Sharing of Public Resource Trading Platforms" (State Office Letter [2019] 41 No.) document points out the need to optimize services such as witnessing, venues, information, archives, and expert extraction. However, at present, public resource transaction process witnessing is mainly based on manual on-site witnessing, which has limited witnessing intensity, high occupation of human resources, and limited witnessing effect. Due to its centralized characteristics, the traditional digital witness system is prone to data tampering, and the data is easily damaged or lost during the storage and migration process, which has certain flaws in terms of security and usability.
Utilize the distributed, difficult to tamper, and traceable characteristics of the blockchain to solidify and store the data generated in each transaction link, and accurately record the data generated through time stamp technology, summary algorithm, and electronic signature technology. Time, content, data source. According to the technical characteristics of the blockchain, simple structured data can be directly saved on the blockchain. For unstructured layout files, videos, audio and other large files, the summary information and original files can be saved through the blockchain. Save via a distributed file storage service. When there are disputes or problems in a transaction, the blockchain can provide a set of credible transaction process data and clarify the responsibilities of all parties involved in the transaction. Achieve the goals of risk prevention and control in all aspects, traceability of the entire process, and improvement of all-round services.
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
Promote financial services and corporate financing for bidding enterprises
Promote the rationalization of electronic guarantee rates
At present, electronic bidding deposit guarantee letters have certain applications in the field of bidding, solving the problem of bidding deposit funds for bidding companies. Occupancy issues. However, because financial institutions currently do not have reliable historical bidding behavior data of bidders, they are unable to judge the default risks of different bidders. As a result, the guarantee services charged to bidders adopt fixed rates, which makes a small number of bids with high default risks The cost of personal guarantee is allocated to most bidders with low default risk, which increases the guarantee rates for most bidders to a certain extent.
At present, it is up to the bidder to choose whether to use an electronic letter of guarantee, and the rate is the main choice basis for the bidder. If the bidder performance records are shared through the blockchain and the performance risks of different bidders are analyzed, it will be Different bidders provide different guarantee rates, which not only reduces the risks of financial institutions, but also reduces the use costs of most bidders and promotes the use of bid guarantees. To a certain extent, it can also encourage bidders to abide by their promises and maintain the order of the bidding market. .
Promote bidding corporate financial services
Bidding behavior of biddersScattered in various trading centers, simply aggregating data into a centralized information system risks data tampering (untrustworthiness), and valuable bidder transaction behavior data cannot be safely and reliably aggregated and shared. Through blockchain technology, bidders from multiple trading centers are gathered, and historical bidding, winning bids, defaults, violations and other behavioral records provide data support for financial institutions to evaluate the bidders' credit in the bidding sub-sector.
Solving the financing problems of successful bidders
Traditional corporate loans mainly evaluate the company's solvency: collateral, audit There are requirements for accurate financial statements and sustained profitability, but most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot provide these "proofs" at all. Difficulty and expensive financing have become problems faced by many small and medium-sized enterprises in bidding activities. Using the methods of the past will no longer work. To solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, we can only rely on new technologies and new tools. With the help of the non-tamperable characteristics of blockchain, primary business data from multiple trading centers are gathered, and big data analysis technology is combined to build a portrait of a credible bidder. On the one hand, it improves the risk control level of financial institutions and taps high-quality bidding companies. On the other hand, it lowers the loan threshold for bidding companies and optimizes the service experience.
Drawing on the supply chain finance model, the bidder is a core enterprise with good credit in government departments, national enterprises and institutions, and the winning contract obtained by the winning bidder as a supplier is considered by financial institutions to be a high-quality asset. Apply for a loan from a financial institution. Under the traditional paper-based model, there is a risk of order and contract fraud and the process is cumbersome. Centralized information systems require operators to have strong authority. The distributed ledger and difficult-to-tamper characteristics of the blockchain will help solve the above problems. The contract signing between the tenderer and the bidder and the subsequent financial service links will be realized on the blockchain, which not only solves the problem of data credibility but also reduces the risk of corruption. The entire system relies on a centralized authority.
Through further analysis, we found that credit sales are currently prevalent among domestic enterprises, and the upstream suppliers of the winning bidder have a large funding gap. The credit of the bidder can only be passed to the winning bidder (the winning contract cannot be split or transferred), and the upstream suppliers Business owners are unable to obtain high-quality loans from financial institutions. If the winning contract is converted into a "pass" on the chain, the "pass" can be split, and the winning bidder holding the "pass" can pay part or all of the voucher to the upstream supplier, making it discountable and financing. The "tokens" on the chain can be split and transferred from first-level suppliers to second-level (and multi-level) suppliers, thereby allowing core enterprise credit to be transferred to multi-level suppliers. The shortage of funds from suppliers due to credit sales has been solved, improving the business environment; through value transfer through the blockchain, the financing cycle has been greatly shortened; the cost of supplier loans has been reduced, which will help reduce the production costs of raw materials or intermediate products, and ultimately Increase bidders' profit margins and indirectly reduce bidders' costs.
Regarding blockchain, we can imagine a decentralized management model and technical processing method.
Let me give you an example. There are five people in your family, and they have never been able to figure out how to arrange work and handle family relationships.
So, you and your family discuss it together and simply use voting to solve the problem.
Then this way of voting to solve problems can be called the most elementary blockchain.
Decentralization solves problems.
What application scenarios can blockchain have?
In fact, many of our families and many organizations use blockchain management forms every day
However, this kind of blockchain application for organizational relationships cannot produce Economic Value.
What are the economic applications of blockchain?
The first type is used for tax deposit certificates, bank transfers, etc.
Make full use of the traceability function of the blockchain so that all records can be retrieved and queried at any time
The second type is applied to enterprise operation and management
Enterprises using blockchain management can better solve the problems of enterprise development and allow enterprises to Able to develop faster and make more money.
Summary: The application scenarios of blockchain include taxation, bank transfers, etc., and can also be applied to business operations.
The characteristics of blockchain are distributed accounting and decentralization, but the ultimate goal is to make people get along more equally. Technology is meaningful only when it serves human values, and technology that meets human value needs will develop. Therefore, blockchain is in line with human pursuit of freedom and equality, so its trend to become mainstream is unstoppable.
Currently, there are many blockchain gimmicks, which are basically used to issue coins. The newly launched ono is a decentralized, free and global social platform. Due to decentralization, your chat communication information is peer-to-peer and cannot be viewed by others. In other words, your every word and deed will no longer be recorded and reviewed at any time like it is now on WeChat, QQ, and Facebook, freeing you from the trouble of surveillance.
In fact, blockchain technology can be used in any field. Information that previously required third-party confirmation can be completed online and confirmed at multiple nodes, making it difficult (almost impossible) to delete.
At present, blockchain is still in its infancy, and the technology is not mature enough, but it is also a better time to enter.
Blockchain is a decentralized technology. Blockchain can be applied to all products currently covered by the Internet.
The most popular application industry at present is the financial industry.
The application that has been implemented is product traceability. Alibaba and JD.com are already using blockchain technology to conduct full traceability of some of the products sold., consumers can trace the origin of purchased goods. There are also many blockchain applications in the digital advertising industry. Since digital advertising traffic fraud causes losses of tens of billions of dollars every year, there are already blockchain application projects based on digital advertising, such as DCAD, which is based on blockchain. The digital advertising application of blockchain technology mainly solves the problem of traffic fraud
In the future, as the application of blockchain technology becomes more mature, it will be applied in many industries, creating a new ecosystem based on technological trust. Mode
What is blockchain If you explain blockchain in non-technical terms, blockchain is a place where data is stored. However, the data stored in the blockchain is safe and reliable and does not need to be managed by anyone. Therefore, in the Internet, a place where data and information are exploding, having such a place will be like a magical treasure land.
If you ask what the blockchain can do, it is better to say what applications require the use of the blockchain. As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a safe place, so wherever data needs to be protected securely on the Internet, blockchain technology needs to be used. For example:
Because the use of blockchain technology can better protect the data of policyholders, in today’s Internet, data is value and wealth, so value protection and value transmission are the future development directions of the Internet. And blockchain technology can really do just that.
If there are any deficiencies, you are welcome to comment and correct me.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and non-tamperable. Fake distributed ledger.
The two parties involved in the transaction do not need to know who the other party is, nor do they need a third party for trust endorsement. They only need to trust a common algorithm to establish mutual trust and conduct direct transactions.
Its characteristics are trustlessness and decentralization. The destruction of each node's ledger has no impact on the entire blockchain. The blockchain runs point-to-point payments without a center that may cheat, and the security is greatly improved. Improved, the entire transaction network has changed from a star structure to a point-to-point P2P structure.
In the future, blockchain will be used in many fields and will have a great impact on human life. . It can be widely used in fields ranging from digital currency to securities and financial contracts, medical care, games, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, Internet of Things, e-commerce, file storage and other fields.
1. Cloud storage
This is the statistics of current cloud storage on the Internet. In terms of volume, Google has the largest volume, which is 8000PB. Then if we share the idle information of everyone on the Internet,Woolen cloth?
Starlight Cloud builds a blockchain data computing and storage lake through Starlight Chain, with a total storage capacity of 15,000P (approximately 15.72864 billion G) in the future. This will be more than 10 times that of Alibaba Cloud's 1500PB! It is also more than four times the size of the Taizhou Storage Center, the largest storage lake in the world after expansion.
2. Medical aspects
Using blockchain technology to save personal medical records also retains personal medical historical data, which can be used when seeing a doctor or planning for your own health in the future. Historical data can be called directly. These data are highly private, and the use of blockchain technology also helps protect patient privacy.
『撒』 What are the applications and successful examples of blockchain?
Blockchain can be applied to all walks of life, taking e-commerce as an example , in order to solve the pain points of e-commerce in aspects such as counterfeit goods, logistics, integrity, and supervision, major companies and platforms are also showing off their skills and tricks. Blockchain is used as one of the more feasible means, so how does it solve these problems?
First, supervise the production process of goods. When visiting online stores, the biggest worry is buying fake products, especially overseas products. In addition, there is also the price problem caused by fake products. How to buy products at reasonable prices while ensuring the authenticity is really a headache. The transparency and irreversibility of blockchain technology allow consumers to check the production place, manufacturer, raw materials, etc. of goods at any time.
Second, trace and track the transportation of goods. A series of operational activities such as supply chain, inventory, and logistics involved in e-commerce will involve multiple intermediaries. The decentralized, non-tamperable, and traceable characteristics of blockchain make the entire process transparent, and any partner can You can check the inventory and payment status, which can effectively solve the "bullwhip effect" problem in the supply chain. (Bullwhip effect: refers to a phenomenon of demand variation amplification in the supply chain. The fundamental reason for its occurrence is the lack of communication and trust mechanisms between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. Demand information is transmitted upwards along the supply chain. Keep misinterpreting.) At the same time, blockchain’s smart contracts can be used to regulate intermediaries, such as logistics and payment management partners. Simplify the huge management system to improve efficiency.
Third, guarantee product sales and after-sales service. At present, three-quarters of the transactions in China's e-commerce market are completed on the mobile terminal. Payment trust is a major problem that the platform needs to solve, and blockchain is known as a "trust machine." To give you an example, many websites Stores will fake orders or falsify data in order to get good reviews. Once the purchase information is uploaded to the chain, it cannot be tampered with to ensure authenticity. You can check the merchant's real transaction records to ensure whether the merchant is trustworthy.
Fourth, protect user privacy. Blockchain private key,Public keys and encryption algorithms can solve this problem. Each user has his or her own independent address, and due to the anonymity of the blockchain, companies cannot publish or store user information and are protected from hacker attacks.
For specific implementation, we take the two domestic e-commerce giants as examples. Alibaba has begun to introduce blockchain since 2016. First, Ant Financial launched blockchain technology to pay for charity donations, which was the first test of blockchain technology; in 2017, Ant Financial’s technology experiment The Office announced the opening of blockchain technology to support imported food safety and product authenticity traceability; in 2018, Cainiao and Tmall International announced the use of blockchain technology to track and verify the full logistics information of cross-border imported goods. These data include goods The country of origin, country of shipment, loading port, mode of transportation, import port, bonded warehouse inspection and quarantine order number, customs declaration number, etc.
Logistics and product traceability are indeed a good entry point for blockchain to enter the e-commerce field. As one of the domestic e-commerce giants, JD.com is certainly not to be outdone. In 2017, JD.com announced the establishment of " Jingdong Quality Traceability Anti-Counterfeiting Alliance", united government departments at all levels to build a Jingdong blockchain anti-counterfeiting traceability platform through the alliance chain; in December of the same year, it jointly announced the establishment of the China National Engineering Laboratory for E-commerce Transaction Technology with Walmart, IBM, and Tsinghua University The first safe food blockchain traceability alliance.
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