区块链在资产证劵化发行方面应用属于,区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用属于哪一类

区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用是一个新兴的技术，它可以更好地帮助企业实现资产证券化发行。下面我们将介绍区块链在资产证券化发行方面应用的三个关键词：安全性、可信性和效率。

安全性是指区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用可以提供更高的安全性。区块链的分布式账本技术可以有效地防止数据被篡改和恶意窃取，并且可以更好地保护数据的安全性。此外，区块链技术还可以帮助企业更好地管理资产证券化发行，从而提高企业的安全性水平。

可信性是指区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用可以提供更高的可信性。由于区块链技术可以确保数据的可信性，因此可以有效地防止数据被篡改和恶意窃取。此外，区块链技术还可以帮助企业更好地管理资产证券化发行，从而提高企业的可信性水平。

效率是指区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用可以提供更高的效率。由于区块链技术可以有效地提高数据处理速度，因此可以大大提高资产证券化发行的效率。此外，区块链技术还可以帮助企业更好地管理资产证券化发行，从而提高企业的效率水平。

以上就是我们介绍的关于区块链在资产证券化发行方面应用的三个关键词：安全性、可信性和效率。区块链在资产证券化发行方面的应用可以提供更高的安全性、可信性和效率，从而帮助企业更好地管理资产证券化发行。

Ⅰ What exactly is the blockchain?

What exactly is the blockchain? In essence, blockchain is a distributed, decentralized network database system that will make the storage, update, maintenance, and operation of data different. Blockchain has four indispensable core technologies, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

Then let’s talk about how blockchain is different from traditional data processing to help everyone understand what blockchain is and give everyone a general understanding of blockchain. Cognition.

1. Data storage in blockchain: block chain data structure

In terms of data storage, blockchain technology utilizes "block chain data structure" To verify and store data.

What does the blockchain structure mean? Everyone has seen an iron chain, with one link within another. In fact, each link can be regarded as a block, and many links are linked together to form a blockchain.

How does this so-called "iron chain" store data? To put it simply, the difference between blockchain and ordinary stored data is that on blockchain, the data in the next block includes the data in the previous block.

Take reading as an example: when we read a book, we read page 1, then page 2, page 3...
What about in the blockchain? If each block is marked with a page number, then the content on page 2 contains the content on page 1, the content on page 3 contains the content on page 1 and page 2...Page 10 contains The content of the first 9 pages is such a chain nested layer by layer. In this way, the most original data can be traced back. This is the traceability of the blockchain.

The "blockchain data structure" of blockchain makes it traceable, which is naturally suitable for many fields, such as: food traceability, drug traceability, etc. In this way, the probability of tainted milk powder, fake vaccines, and fake and substandard food incidents will be greatly reduced, because once a problem occurs, through traceability, we can clearly know which link caused the problem, and accountability and recovery will be clearer.

2. Data update in the blockchain: distributed node consensus algorithm

In terms of data update, blockchain technology uses the "distributed node consensus algorithm" to Generate and update data.

Every time a new block is generated (that is, when data is updated), an algorithm needs to be used to obtain the approval of more than 51% of the nodes in the entire network to form a new block. To put it bluntly, it is a vote, and it can be generated if more than half of the people agree, which makes the data on the blockchain non-tamperable.

Why is thisWhat to say? Let’s make an analogy: we compare the blockchain to a ledger, because it records data. In the traditional world, the bookkeeping power lies with the bookkeeper, and the ledger belongs to the bookkeeper alone. So in the blockchain, everyone owns this account book. If you want to update the account, you must vote. Only if more than half of the people agree can you update the account data.

In this process, we will involve several terms: distributed, node, consensus algorithm. These terms are actually very easy to understand:

Everyone Accounting (that is, everyone has a ledger, and the ledger is scattered in everyone's hands) is the so-called "distributed";

The accounting method that everyone discusses, votes for, and unanimously agrees on is The so-called "consensus algorithm";

Every person participating in accounting is a so-called "node".

3. Data maintenance in blockchain: cryptography

In the data maintenance stage, the difference of blockchain is that it uses cryptography to Ensure the security of data transmission and access.

The cryptographic principles applied in the blockchain mainly include: hash algorithm, Merkle hash tree, elliptic curve algorithm, and Base58. These principles actually ensure data security on the blockchain through a series of complex operations and conversions.

4. Data operations in the blockchain: smart contracts

A smart contract is a commitment agreement defined and automatically executed by a computer program. To put it bluntly, it is executed with code A set of transaction rules, similar to the current automatic repayment function of credit cards. If you turn this function on, you don't have to worry about anything. The bank will automatically deduct the money you owe when it expires.

The outstanding advantage of smart contracts is that they largely avoid a series of problems caused by trust.
Many of us have encountered the situation of being borrowed money: a friend who is short of money borrows 2,000 yuan from you and promises to pay back the money after the salary is paid next month, but next month he finds other excuses. Also, dragging it around would be pointless. We didn't have much money, but we were still friends. Even though you were depressed, let it go.

Then, after having a smart contract, he cannot default on his debt, because in the smart contract, once the terms in the contract are triggered, the code will automatically execute, whether he wants it or not, as long as he sends Once you have earned your salary and have money in your account, he has to pay you back.

To summarize the contents of this section, there are four indispensable core technologies in the blockchain, namely: distributed storage, consensus mechanism, cryptography principles, and smart contracts.

We can understand it this way: distributed storage corresponds to the data storage stage, and the consensus mechanism corresponds to the data processing stage.At this new stage, cryptography corresponds to data security, and smart contracts correspond to data operation issues.

Ⅱ Blockchain can be defined

On March 12, 2018, the Hangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Hangzhou Financial Work Office, Xiaoshan District People’s Government, and The second All Things Growth Conference co-sponsored by Hangzhou Daily Newspaper Group and hosted by Hangzhou Venture Capital Association and Hangzhou Bank was held in the press conference hall of Hangzhou International Expo Center. Babbitt and Bytom founder Chang Chai gave a speech on "The Future Can Be Predicted, Blockchain Can Be Defined" keynote speech.
The following is the content of the speech:
Good morning everyone, I am very happy to be invited to do such a sharing. The theme I shared is "The future can be predicted and blockchain can be defined."
I used to be a science fiction writer and wrote some science fiction novels in college. At that time, science fiction was still a very niche group and very few people read science fiction novels. Later, I had a post that is now very popular. In 2011, a college student asked on Zhihu: If you have 6,000 yuan for investment and financial management, what advice do you have? The advice I gave him at that time was to buy Bitcoin. . Now it seems that this is a piece of advice worth 20 million. Of course, it is a sad story because the subject did not buy Bitcoin in the end. It is also a sad story for me, because many people in the novel I wrote I haven’t read it, but this advice is often mentioned. In recent years, people have been sending me private messages asking me which coins to buy. However, I am not an expert in investment and financial management. Our company is engaged in blockchain.
Babit established the website in 2011 and established the company in 2014, so we may be the first batch of blockchain companies in China. On what basis do we judge that blockchain technology may be popularized or survive in the future?
This would like to mention a science fiction novel I once wrote in college called "The Art of Slaying Dragons". This computer-themed novel was written in 2007. It tells the story of hackers who can use huge amounts of computing resources on the Internet in the cloud era to complete some very grand scientific computing projects. After this novel was published at the time, it was criticized by many readers. They think this novel seems unreal and doubt that hackers' abilities are beyond ordinary people's imagination.
But now it seems that this novel is not an exaggeration at all. Why? Because in the cloud era, the abilities between people will be disproportionately amplified. In reality, the abilities between people may be a kind of The normal distribution is just like a person's height and weight, but on the Internet, people's ability and influence will be disproportionately amplified. It is a combination of the Matthew effect + the long tail effect.
The core ideas of this novel are two points. The first point is that cloud computing will amplify people's abilities, and the improvement of computing power will amplify people's abilities. The second point is that computing is power. So when a new thing like Bitcoin comes out, it seems that the world written in my novel is becoming a reality. When Bitcoin from 2008 to 2010When they were introduced to China, many people had already heard of Bitcoin, but did not pay attention to it. In fact, to understand a thing like blockchain, you need some knowledge background.
In addition, I would like to introduce a book, which is "Out of Control" written by Kevin Kelly. This book was written in the 1990s, but this book is very prophetic. One of its chapters introduces the cryptocurrency Pioneers, but these pioneers later became martyrs, what was the reason for their failure? In fact, blockchain needs to be based on three core technologies, and these three technologies are gradually maturing. The first technology is asymmetric encryption. In 1985, elliptic curve function encryption was already very mature, but unfortunately it was implemented in a centralized way. What are the risks of centralization? That is, when issuance If the currency company collapses or the founder is arrested, or the central server is attacked, it will cause the system to collapse, so it failed later. In 2000, someone began to introduce peer-to-peer technology into cryptocurrency for the first time, taking the lead in realizing distributed cryptocurrency. However, it also failed later. The reason is very simple, that is, there is no way to find a way to solve double payment (the same money is used). twice). It was not until 1997 that Adam Baker proposed proof of work. In 2004, Halfini expanded this technology into a reusable proof of work, so the 2008 Bitcoin white paper was successfully published.
And the carefully designed technical solutions in Bitcoin later seemed to be very advanced. For example, in 2014, Snowden revealed that elliptic curve function encryption is unsafe because the US National Security Agency has set up a backdoor in this encryption standard, giving the NSA an unknown method to weaken this curve. , at that time many people exclaimed that Bitcoin was dead and that the system might collapse, but later Satoshi Nakamoto did not use the encryption standard promulgated by the National Security Agency, but used a very rare curve.
To give another example, after hashing twice, the quantum computer cannot threaten the Bitcoin address and cannot decipher the Bitcoin private key from the address. What’s more interesting is that Satoshi Nakamoto also adopted a weird transaction method called a change mechanism. The change mechanism is that the remaining balance of each transaction is transferred to a new address. Now it seems that this is actually for the purpose of Prevent quantum computers, because the public key of a Bitcoin transaction will only be exposed on the blockchain during the transaction. You only need to transfer the remaining money to a new address during each transaction. In fact, you The public key will not be exposed on the blockchain.
So judging from so many details, it can be said that Satoshi Nakamoto is a bit like a person who is extremely careful, so many people think that he is not a person, but an organization.
I just mentioned why the proof-of-work mechanism was introduced to the blockchain and Bitcoin, and this cryptocurrency was successful? Because the proof-of-work mechanism is actually hash calculation. Why is calculation so important to the blockchain? ?I can give a very easy-to-understand proof through such a table.
This table represents realityThe world and the digital world are actually in a mirror relationship. The real world can also be called the atomic world. In the real world, things are randomly distributed and random. In the digital world, most things are pseudo-random. In the real world, everything is pseudo-random. There are no two identical leaves in the world. Everything on the Internet can be copied. In the real world, it is a normal distribution. In the digital world, it is a power law distribution. It is the Matthew effect + long tail effect. In the real world, things are competitive resources, which are exclusive resources. For example, if I own a microphone or a glass of water, others cannot own it. All resources in the digital world are non-competitive resources. For example, I transfer a document to another person, but in fact, this document cannot be transferred like a book in reality, because this document may be saved infinitely in my computer or other storage media. A copy, so based on such a mirror relationship, we can ask the question, why is it so difficult to copy exactly the same thing in the real world? This question can be turned into whether you can create a perfect crystal in reality, you can create A perfect crystal can actually copy exactly the same thing, but the third law of thermodynamics tells us that if you want to create a perfect crystal, you need absolute zero, and you have to invest a huge amount of energy. In turn, through this symmetrical thinking, we can This raises the question that in the digital world, that is, on the Internet, it is very difficult to prevent something from being copied and to achieve such competitive resources. To achieve such a competitive resource, a huge amount of personnel consumption is required, which is computing. The more computing power invested, the higher the barrier against double spending, which is why computing matters.
So since the real world and the digital world have such a mirroring relationship, the blockchain can actually be understood as the reverse machine of the printing press. I like to use such a very vivid metaphor to define the blockchain as the printing press. Reverse process.
Why is the printing press so great? In fact, before the birth of the printing press, human knowledge and information were competitive resources. Whether it was the Bible or martial arts secrets, they were all competitive resources. But after the birth of the printing press, this knowledge and Information has become a non-competitive resource that can be copied on a large scale, or the marginal cost of copying is almost equal to 0, so there is the subsequent information revolution. With the Internet, the Internet is actually an enhanced version of the printing press. But the problem with the Internet is that it is difficult to transfer competitive resources in the digital world. This is also the reason why some cryptocurrency pioneers failed in the 1990s. Blockchain solves this problem. It is the first to realize competitive resources on the Internet. The first competitive resource is of course Bitcoin, which is the first domino to be erected. After the first card falls, we can imagine that the second and third cards will fall as long as they have value attributes. They are all very suitable for using blockchain for registration and circulation, because the Internet is suitable for things with information attributes, so we say that the Internet is an information transmission protocol and the blockchain is a value transmission protocol.All resources with valuable attributes are actually very suitable to be combined with the blockchain.
So I don’t think the blockchain will replace the Internet. The blockchain itself is a parallel world of the Internet. It is to do some things that the Internet cannot do, so it may propose many business models. In my opinion, it is not It is unrealistic. For example, it combines things with information attributes and business scenarios with blockchain. In fact, I think it is not that appropriate, because scenarios with information attributes are suitable for the Internet, and only scenarios with value attributes are suitable for "blockchain." +".
Let’s further deepen the mirroring relationship between the Internet and blockchain. The carrier of the Internet is often software, and the carrier of blockchain is generally protocols. Software needs to apply for patents to establish its own patent barriers. On the contrary, with blockchain, most blockchain projects are open source, and you are very welcome to copy it. The code does not need to establish such patent barriers or moats. The main body of software development is generally a company, and the main body of blockchain development is often a community or foundation, which is a very loose organizational form. Software requires constant iterative upgrades, but iterative upgrades of protocols are very difficult, so they are generally very stable, because protocol upgrades require the approval of the entire network consensus, which is of course very, very difficult. That’s why there are so many Bitcoins. The software can be maintained and updated, and the protocol is that it cannot be shut down after it is started, and it runs 24 hours a day. Based on this kind of thinking, we can solve many doubts in our hearts. For example, in 10 years ago, many experts or big names in the investment community believed that although Bitcoin was a pioneer, it would not necessarily have the last laugh. How to prevent being defeated by latecomers? This is a typical Internet thinking. Internet thinking regards Bitcoin as a software. Through technological upgrades, latecomers may catch up, just like the browsers in the past 90s. Later, the early browsers were defeated by the newcomers. But in fact, Bitcoin cannot be regarded as a kind of software, but a protocol. The method of implementing this kind of blockchain is already a minimum feasible solution, and there is not much room for optimization.
Many people understand blockchain as the fifth paradigm revolution, because it is based on the summary of technological updates in the past few decades, which means that such a paradigm revolution, a leap-forward revolution, will be completed approximately every two years. The 1970s were mainframes, the 1980s were PCs, the 1990s were the Internet, the 2000s were the mobile Internet, and the blockchain was born in the 10s. The trend behind this is actually a trend of decentralization. Mainframes are in scientific research institutes or military institutions. PCs have entered families. The Internet has entered tens of millions of people. Mobile Internet has pervaded the world. In all aspects of life, blockchain has become more decentralized, and there is no longer even a central server. There is another detail here, that is, the time of the blockchain was calculated from January 1, 1970. Why does it have such a feature? In fact, it is because many programming languages ​​​​are derived from the Linux system, and Linux is derived from the mainframe. , so it has the imprint of such an era invisibly.
In fact, behindThere is also a deeper evolutionary law, such as the three stages of asset evolution. The evolution of assets can be divided into three stages. The first stage is to confirm the ownership of the asset, which is the equity of the asset. After the ownership of the asset is confirmed, it can be transferred as a whole. , so it's kind of like the solid state phase of the asset. The second stage is asset securitization. After securitization, the assets can be divided and transferred, and their liquidity is obviously stronger. It is a bit like the liquid stage of assets. The liquid stage also has its limitations. For example, the business requires a container. , this container is the platform for assets, and assets still cannot flow across platforms. Only after the assets are blockchainized, that is, after the assets are put on the chain, will they truly enter a gas phase, because everyone can manage assets through their own private keys, whether it is Equity, income rights, debts, intellectual property rights, etc., as long as they are assets with this value attribute, they are suitable for registration and circulation using the blockchain, so they are no longer limited by the platform, because everyone can complete it through their own wallet. The process of asset transfer does not require a centralized authority or a centralized trading place. More broadly, many people have summarized the stages of blockchain evolution. The first stage was in 2009 with Bitcoin as the Representing the stage of cryptocurrency to solve value transfer matters, it can be understood as the 1.0 of blockchain. In 2017, the era of issuing virtual assets through smart contracts emerged, represented by Ethereum, which can be understood as the 2.0 of blockchain. We believe that we will enter the third stage in 2020, using smart contracts to issue physical assets or help real assets to be put on the chain. The blockchain will eventually move away from the virtual to the real and serve the real economy. So Babbitt is doing the third stage, which is our prediction of the future development trend of the blockchain.

III Which fields are blockchain suitable for?

The first one is the information security industry.
The second one is the bill business field
The third one is the payment and settlement business.
Fourth, identity/account authentication business.
Fifth, each node participating in the maintenance of the equity proof blockchain can obtain a complete data record. Using the characteristics of reliable and collective maintenance of the blockchain, the rights of the owners of equity can be confirmed.
Blockchain technology is really powerful. With the advancement of the times, this technology may change the development direction and trend of the financial industry, and because the blockchain technology itself has large capacity, high-speed computing, security, and convenience And other characteristics have laid a strong foundation for the advancement and popularization of technology.

IV In which industries can blockchain technology be applied?

Cite a few examples of blockchain applications.

The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, and this feature will reduce a lot of costs for the banking industry.

First of all, decentralization means that the establishment of a trust mechanism between banking systems no longer requires an intermediary, saving intermediary costs.

Secondly, the development of digital currency willIt is possible to realize real-time digital transactions in banks. For example, in bill transactions, bank bill transactions have always relied on a third party to realize the transfer of valuable certificates. Even electronic bill transactions require interactive authentication through information from the central bank's ECDS system. Blockchain technology can realize point-to-point transfer of value and no longer requires centralized system control. This not only speeds up the speed of ticket transfer, but more importantly, it can reduce errors caused by human factors and reduce processes. Naturally, it will reduce the bank's demand for personnel and save the bank's labor costs.

Finally, it will also have an impact on clearing and settlement. The bank's clearing and settlement business has always been completed by central clearing, which is inefficient. Settlement through blockchain technology will greatly improve the efficiency of banks.

Blockchain technology also plays a major role in banks’ cross-border payment services. Today, when global trade is highly developed, cross-border payments are becoming more and more frequent, and banks often act as third-party services in cross-border trade, such as electronic transfers, asset custody, etc. However, cross-border payments generally take about 2 days to arrive, which is very inefficient and reduces the utilization of funds in transit. In blockchain technology, both parties of cross-border payments can be completed in a point-to-point manner, achieving round-the-clock payment and real-time arrival, thereby speeding up clearing and settlement, thereby improving the efficiency of bank processing business.

Another feature of blockchain technology is de-risking. Banks can build their own blockchain, which can ensure that bank customers’ transaction information and transaction records are true and valid and will not be compromised. Without any tampering, the bank can effectively identify the customer's information, understand all aspects of the customer's situation, identify the customer's abnormal transactions, prevent being deceived by the customer, thereby reducing the bank's supervision costs.

Blockchain technology also has unparalleled advantages in the insurance industry.

From a data management perspective, the application of blockchain technology by insurance companies can effectively improve risk management and control capabilities, including the insurance company's risk supervision and the policyholder's risk management.

The application of blockchain technology in the insurance industry can strengthen the internal risk supervision of insurance companies. Blockchain technology can record the daily operating processes of insurance companies on nodes, and can achieve in-process control over the company's capital flow, investment status, compensation payments and other businesses, and improve the company's risk management and control capabilities.

In addition, blockchain technology is safe, reliable, and cannot be tampered with at will, ensuring that the information obtained by the policy holder is true and effective, thereby enhancing the policy holder's risk management capabilities.

The application of blockchain technology in the securities industry can increase the flexibility of securities issuance.

Companies that issue securities can use smart contracts to set the method and time of securities issuance. In the most ideal situation, they can even issue securities 24 hours a day.

Under the operation of smart contracts, automatic matching of buyers and sellers is realized, and through distributionA digital registration system that automatically completes settlement and clearing steps. The transaction records on the blockchain will not be changed arbitrarily, so the entered information actually has a publicity effect, so there will be no dispute in the stock exchange's ownership confirmation.

In addition, blockchain technology makes the securities trading process more open and transparent. Through blockchain technology, the securities industry does not need core institutions to operate and manage, nor does it require investment banks to underwrite, to achieve true point-to-point transactions, reduce illegal activities such as black-box operations and insider trading in securities transactions, and realize the control of securities. Effective supervision of the industry.

Blockchain technology uses a decentralized mechanism to exchange value, which will lead to earth-shaking changes in the existing financial infrastructure characterized by centralization.

Assets such as collateral, pledges, stocks, bonds, and derivatives usually require a trustworthy core institution to register or keep them, but blockchain can record and save these in a new way. Product data will have an impact on the registration system for these products.

Blockchain can receive and respond to information and value through smart contracts, automatically complete the transfer of value, and automatically complete transactions, clearing and settlement, which will impact existing large-amount trading systems and securities Existing financial infrastructure such as depository, securities settlement and over-the-counter derivatives trading.

The application of blockchain technology in the supply chain first provides credit guarantee. The blockchain records the circulation information of commodities, etc., which can prove the true reliability of commodities and their circulation, thus enabling A comprehensive evaluation of the utility of enterprises on the chain has become an effective guarantee for corporate bank loan credit, financing credit, and transaction credit.

First of all, the blockchain can time-stamp all the transaction data in the supply chain and cannot be tampered with at will. Even if the transaction data of a certain node can be tampered with, it cannot cover the sky with one hand, so the area Blockchain solves banks' concerns about corporate information being tampered with. For some small businesses, as long as they have good credit, the possibility of borrowing from banks will be greatly increased.

Secondly, through effective integration, the information between upstream and downstream enterprises recorded in the blockchain can not only provide support for enterprises in production, sales and other links, but also provide downstream enterprises with the ability to analyze customer preferences. , so that targeted services can be developed.

IV What fields can blockchain be applied to?

Financial applications: Blockchain has inherent advantages in the financial field. On the Internet, this is the genetic decision of blockchain. of.
(1) Insurance business: With the development of blockchain technology, in the future, personal health status, accident records and other information may be uploaded to the blockchain, allowing insurance companies to be more timely and accurate when customers apply for insurance. Accurately obtain risk information to reduce underwriting costs and improve efficiency. The shared and transparent characteristics of the blockchain reduce information asymmetry and the risk of adverse selection; while its historical traceability characteristics are conducive to reducing information asymmetry and the risk of adverse selection.Reduce moral hazard, thereby reducing insurance management difficulty and management costs.
(2) Asset securitization: The pain point of business in this field is that the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed; there are many participating entities, many operating links, low transaction transparency, and information asymmetry, making it difficult to control risks. The pain point of data lies in the low efficiency of transfers between participants, the clearing and reconciliation of funds between parties’ trading systems often requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and there are multiple online and offline channels for asset repayment, making it impossible to monitor the true status of assets, and there are still assets After the package is formed, the trust of all parties in the transaction chain in the authenticity and accuracy of the underlying asset data is an issue.
(3) Digital bills: The pain points in this field lie in three risk issues. Operational risk, due to the centralization of the system, once the central server has a problem, the entire market will be paralyzed; market risk, according to statistics, in 2016, there were seven risk events involving hundreds of millions of dollars, involving multiple banks; moral hazard , there are incidents such as "one ticket selling more" and false commercial bills in the market. Blockchain's disintermediation, system stability, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering characteristics reduce operational risks, market risks, and moral hazards in traditional centralized systems (4) Cross-border payments: The pain point in this field is the long payment cycle , high fees and low transaction transparency. The third-party payment company is the center to complete the accounting, settlement and liquidation in the payment process, and the payment cycle is long. For example, the payment cycle for cross-border payments is more than three days, and the cost is high. The blockchain is deintermediated, the transactions are open, transparent and cannot be tampered with. There is no third-party payment institution to join, which shortens the payment cycle, reduces fees and increases transaction transparency.
(5) Credit management: The pain points in this field are the lack of data sharing, the asymmetry of information between credit agencies and users; the formal market-oriented data collection channels are limited, and the battle for data sources consumes a lot of costs; the problem of data privacy protection is prominent , the traditional technical architecture is difficult to meet new requirements, etc. In the field of credit reporting, blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, trustlessness, timestamps, asymmetric encryption and smart contracts. At the technical level, it ensures that limited and controllable credit can be achieved on the basis of effectively protecting data privacy. Data sharing and verification.
(6) Supply chain finance: The pain points in this field are the long financing cycle and high costs. Centered on the core enterprise system of the supply chain, it is difficult for third-party credit enhancement institutions to authenticate the authenticity of various relevant vouchers in the supply chain, resulting in long manual review times and high financing costs. The blockchain's deintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering characteristics eliminate the need for third-party credit enhancement agencies to verify the authenticity of various relevant certificates in the supply chain, reducing financing costs and shortening the financing cycle.
(7) Asset securitization: The business pain point in this field lies in the fact that the authenticity of the underlying assets cannot be guaranteed; there are many participating entities, multiple operating links, low transaction transparency, and information asymmetry, making it difficult to control risks. The pain point of data lies in the inefficiency of the transfer between the parties, and the clearing and reconciliation of funds between the parties’ trading systems often requires a lot of manpower and material resources.There are multiple online and offline channels for asset repayment, and it is impossible to monitor the true status of the assets. There is also the issue of the trust of all parties in the transaction chain in the authenticity and accuracy of the underlying asset data after the asset package is formed. Blockchain's deintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering characteristics increase data flow efficiency, reduce costs, monitor the true status of assets in real time, and ensure the trust of all parties in the transaction chain in the underlying assets.
Applications:
(1) Blockchain + Medical: In the medical field, blockchain can use its anonymity, decentralization and other characteristics to protect patient privacy. Electronic health records (EHR), DNA wallets, drug anti-counterfeiting, etc. are all possible application areas of blockchain technology. IBM predicted in last year's report that 56% of medical institutions around the world will invest in blockchain technology by 2020.
(2) Blockchain + Internet of Things: The Internet of Things is a very broad concept. If communications, energy management, supply chain management, sharing economy, etc. are included, the Internet of Things application of blockchain technology will become a very important application field.
(3) Blockchain + IP Copyright & Culture and Entertainment: The Internet is developing better and better, and digital music, digital books, digital videos, digital games, etc. have gradually become mainstream. The rise of the knowledge economy has made intellectual property rights a core element of market competition. However, intellectual property infringement is serious in the current Internet ecosystem, and the copyright protection of digital assets has become a pain point in the industry. Blockchain has the characteristics of disintermediation, consensus mechanism, and non-tampering. Blockchain technology can effectively integrate all aspects of the cultural and entertainment value chain, accelerate circulation, and shorten the value creation cycle; at the same time, the value of digital content can be realized Transfer, and ensure that the transfer process is credible, auditable and transparent, effectively preventing piracy and other behaviors.
(4) Blockchain + Public Services & Education: In the fields of public services, education, charity and public welfare, issues such as file management, identity (qualification) certification, and public trust all exist objectively. The traditional method is to rely on A credible third party provides credit endorsement, but problems such as fraud and deficiencies still exist. Blockchain technology can ensure the integrity, permanence and unchangeability of all data, and thus can effectively solve the difficulties and pain points in these industries in terms of certificate storage, tracking, association, and backtracking.

VI What does blockchain mean and how to understand it

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. As the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of related cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

Notes

1. Blockchain originated from Bitcoin. On November 1, 2008, a person calling himself Satoshi Nakamoto published the article "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". It expounds the architectural concept of the electronic cash system based on P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology, etc., which marks the birth of Bitcoin.

Two months later, the theory came into practice, and on January 3, 2009, the first genesis block with serial number 0 was born. A few days later, block number 1 appeared on January 9, 2009, and was connected to the genesis block number 0 to form a chain, marking the birth of the blockchain.

2. In order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, in order to promote the new development of China’s economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that generations have been striving for, Puyin Group launched the On the 9th, a Puyin Blockchain Finance Guiyang Strategy Release Ceremony was held in Guizhou. At the meeting, the digital circulation of assets through blockchain, the blockchain financial transaction model, and the application of blockchain services and social public industries will be discussed. Start a discussion.

VII What applications can blockchain technology have in the securities industry

The application of blockchain technology in the securities industry can increase the flexibility of securities issuance, and companies that issue securities can use Smart contracts, by setting the method and time of securities issuance, can even issue securities 24 hours a day under the most ideal conditions.

Under the operation of smart contracts, automatic matching of buyers and sellers is realized, and settlement and clearing steps are automatically completed through the distributed digital registration system. The transaction records on the blockchain will not be changed arbitrarily, so the entered information actually has a publicity effect, so there will be no dispute in the stock exchange's ownership confirmation.

In addition, blockchain technology makes the securities trading process more open and transparent. Through blockchain technology, the securities industry does not need core institutions to operate and manage, nor does it require investment banks to underwrite, to achieve true point-to-point transactions, reduce illegal activities such as black-box operations and insider trading in securities transactions, and realize the control of securities. Effective supervision of the industry.

Ⅷ What are the applications of the hot blockchain technology in the financial system

The imApp2.0 version of the Blockchain Application Center has been officially launched
Blockchain Application The imApp2.0 version of the center has been officially launched. imApp is the world's first blockchain application store that provides dividends to all people. It aims to create a super entrance to the blockchain industry and make it easier for users to use blockchain applications. The interface of imApp version 2.0 is more concise and beautiful, the function has added news and DAPP, and the content has enriched the guessing game. Users can obtain the IMAPP Ecological Pass IA by browsing, forwarding, downloading, updating, and opening applications through IMAPP. imApp has officially reached a strategic cooperation with the Bitcoin Diamond Foundation, and the ecological token IA canExchange Bitcoin Diamond BCD at a certain ratio.

IX Du Xiaoman Financial Blockchain ABS won the Harvard Business Review Annual Excellence in Practice Award

On December 18, 2019, it was held at the China Center of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania At the "YUE Management" award ceremony, Du Xiaoman Financial won the Harvard Business Review's 2019 "Excellent Practice Award" for its blockchain ABS case.

As the "China Management Oscar" event, the first "YUE Management" Excellent Practice and Practitioner Project launched case collection in August 2019. After half a year of collection and selection, 12 financial professionals were invited Heavyweight experts and top scholars from first-class business schools at home and abroad served as judges to select 10 outstanding practitioners. This time, Du Xiaoman Finance won the award, which also shows its strength in the blockchain field.

ABS stands for asset securitization, or asset-backed securities, which discount cash equity that can be continuously obtained in the future. Compared with the traditional loan model, ABS does not need to rely on fixed assets as collateral and is a powerful tool to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, there are also industry pain points such as underlying asset fraud and multi-party information asymmetry.

It is understood that Duxiaoman Financial Blockchain ABS solves the problem of trust in the authenticity of the underlying assets of all parties to the transaction. Its blockchain technology combines financial brain, artificial intelligence and other technologies in practice, using The alliance chain implements the full life cycle management of ABS, ensuring node information security through permission management and asymmetric encryption; using distributed storage solutions to achieve decentralization; and then providing a set of standard underlying frameworks to enable the preparation of smart contracts for all parties.

In May 2017, Du Xiaoman Financial, Baiqian Leasing, Huaneng Trust and other partners jointly issued the first domestic ABS (asset securitization) project supported by blockchain technology, with an issuance scale of 424 million yuan. , this is the first project in China that uses blockchain technology as the underlying technical support to realize ABS "real assets"; in August of the same year, Du Xiaoman Financial released the "Network-Chang'an Xinsheng-Tianfeng 2017 First Phase Asset Support Special Project" The plan's approval by the Shanghai Stock Exchange means that China's first exchange-based asset securitization product based on blockchain technology has been launched, and it is also the product with the lowest interest rate in the current period.

With the continuous iteration and upgrade of the blockchain ABS business, Duxiaoman Finance has received academic recognition for two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019. In July 2018, Du Xiaoman Financial Blockchain ABS was selected into the case library of Peking University Guanghua School of Management, becoming the school’s first classroom teaching case based on blockchain technology.

At the previously held 4th China New Finance Summit Forum, Du Xiaoman Financial CEO Zhu Guang clearly stated that financial technology will play an important role in 2020The important task for the year is to empower small and micro enterprises and help the real economy. As mentioned above, the birth of ABS is to help small and medium-sized enterprises solve the problem of financing difficulties. Duxiaoman Finance empowers finance through blockchain technology, allowing the financial industry to serve the real economy with higher efficiency and lower cost, and achieve inclusive benefits. finance.