欧朋是区块链吗

A. What is digital currency blockchain

1. Blockchain is a ledger that records digital currency transactions
Take Bitcoin as an example, it has no entity form, but exists in a special ledger. All Bitcoin transactions are recorded in the ledger. Through the transaction records, we can calculate the number of Bitcoins owned by each user. If a person owns Bitcoin, it means that transaction records related to him can be found in the ledger.
The ledger mentioned here is a piece of software, which we can download from the official Bitcoin website, and the underlying technology used in this software is the blockchain. To facilitate understanding, we usually say that the blockchain is the ledger.
The reason why blockchain is used as the underlying technology of the ledger is to achieve the decentralization of digital currency. It can be said that the starting point for a series of problems encountered by digital currencies and the solutions provided comes from decentralization.
2. Blockchain is a technology that ensures the safe use of digital currency. Everyone knows that blockchain technology has two major characteristics: encryption and non-tamperability, which can reduce the probability of errors during the use of digital currency. reduced to 0. Since digital currency has higher encryption requirements, it must be supported by blockchain technology. At present, not only many industries in our country are using blockchain technology, but also many foreign countries are actively using blockchain technology. Blockchain technology.
[Extended information]
Blockchain is the underlying technology of digital currency, and Bitcoin is the first successful application of blockchain.. To understand this problem, we must first recognize the facts: not all blockchains require Issuing digital currency, currently our country strongly supports "coinless blockchain". Generally speaking, public blockchain, that is, public chain, needs to issue tokens as "rewards" to motivate users and maintain system operation, while ordinary blockchain , often called a consortium chain, can or cannot be issued. Private blockchains are mostly used for company internal audits and generally do not need to issue coins. The following is a detailed explanation of the differences between the three blockchains:
1. Public block Chain: A blockchain in which anyone in the world can read and send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in its consensus process. Bitcoin and Ethereum are typical applications of public blockchains. Public blockchains are a global Distributed blockchain, blockchain data is open, user participation is high, and it is easy to produce network effects, easy to apply and promote. Therefore, this kind of blockchain operation relies heavily on the incentive mechanism, Bitcoin Tokens such as Ethereum and Ethereum are used as "rewards" for incentives, so public chains need to issue tokens to maintain their own development and ecology.
2. Community Blockchain (Alliance Chain): It means that the participation of nodes in the blockchain is selected in advance. There are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between nodes. The data on the blockchain can be open It can also be internal. For partial distribution, we can regard it as "partial decentralization". Each alliance in the chain has its own centralized management. For example, R3CEV of more than 40 banks is a typical alliance chain.This kind of chain usually does not require a lot of money, but there are also individual alliance chains that choose to send money to motivate members within the alliance to contribute, so there are no restrictions on the chain.
3. Private blockchain: refers to a node with only a limited scope of participation, such as a specific organization’s own users, strict permission management for data access and use.. Write permissions in a completely private blockchain It is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world or restricted to any extent. It is currently mainly used for internal audit work of the company. Therefore, the private chain does not need to issue currency, and it does not have the characteristics of decentralization. It is a kind of centralization management mechanism.

B. What is blockchain, and can blockchain be invested in?

What is blockchain, and can blockchain be invested in?

Blockchain Chain technology is an emerging concept after the introduction of the Internet concept. It mainly solves the information asymmetry in society and provides decentralized services. Give an example to explain what blockchain technology is:

Usually we deposit cash into the bank. Every time we withdraw money, the transfer must go through the bank system to complete. So if we use blockchain technology To solve this problem, then our money does not need to be placed in the bank. When transferring money to others, we only need to transmit data on the chain. The transfer record data will be recorded by the entire network, and the consumption path of the amount can be found at any time. , there is no need to go through any intermediary to complete the intermediate recording.

This is just one of the scenarios where blockchain technology is applied. At present, the payment industry, gaming industry, lottery gambling industry, etc. are the most widely used blockchain technology.

In the nascent stage of the development of blockchain technology, many investors will naturally see the development potential and prepare to invest in blockchain. So how to invest in blockchain? Everyone knows that with the emergence of blockchain technology, digital currency will be generated, and the circulation of digital currency will generate value. Ordinary people can invest in blockchain by purchasing digital currency. Common digital currencies include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Yuzi, etc. However, the risk is extremely high. The return is much higher than that of stock investment, but the risk is also several times higher. Therefore, when investing in blockchain, the choice of digital currency is also very important. For novice investors, it is recommended to choose mainstream currencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple. Their value has been basically recognized, they have a consensus mechanism, and the price will not drop significantly. However, the corresponding blockchain technology is still the best. Ethereum.

For professional risk control investors, you can choose to invest in blockchain companies, taking a fancy to their long-term value and tokens. Nowadays, blockchain companies will issue coins, which are so-called digital currencies. However, their value is zero and they have no actual circulation significance. Therefore, when choosing to invest in a blockchain company, you still need to clearly see the content of the company's projects, whether they can be truly implemented, and how much potential they have for changing human life in the future.

C. What is blockchain and what is digital goods?Coin

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database.
At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of its information. (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. Digital currency is an unregulated, digital currency that is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking Authority defines virtual currency as: a digital representation of value that is not issued by a central bank or authority and is not linked to a legal currency, but which, because it is accepted by the public, can be used as a means of payment or can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. .
The content of this article comes from: China Law Publishing House's "Comprehensive Knowledge of Legal Life Series"

D. What is a milestone in the development of blockchain

1. Central Edition Satoshi's Paper - Bitcoin White Paper

In 2008, under the overly loose credit standards in the United States, a huge bubble built up in housing loans triggered a series of financial crises that started in September 2008.

On Sunday, September 14, Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy after the U.S. Federal Reserve refused to provide A-funded support assistance, and on the same day Merrill Lynch announced that it was acquired by Bank of America. These two events marked the starting point of the financial crisis, which in turn triggered the global stock market crash and the Great Financial Recession. Many investors suffered heavy losses and made people begin to distrust the totalitarian financial system.

2. Genesis Block

2009 On January 3, 2018, the first Bitcoin block was born after the first batch of miners obtained 50 Bitcoins through mining. This also marked the official birth of the Bitcoin financial system. But interestingly, in Bitcoin Several years after the advent of blockchain, people discovered a hexadecimal string in line #1616 of Coinbase’s genesis block transaction code.

After converting this string into alphanumeric characters, you will get "sknab rof tuoliab dnoces fo knirb no rollecnahC 9002/naJ/30 semiT ehT". The reverse reading is "The Times 03/Jan/2009" Chancellor on brink of second lout for banks” is the founding date of Bitcoin and the message left by Satoshi Nakamoto in the original transaction.

3. The first Bitcoin payment – ​​PizzaDay

Laszlo Hanyecz is a Floridian and engineer working at the online retail company GoRuck, but if you are in the currency circle, you You must have heard some of his amazing deeds: HanyeczOn May 22, 2010, he used 10,000 Bitcoins (BTC) to buy two slices of pizza from Papa John’s from a netizen, which is a $25 pizza. Today, 10,000 Bitcoins are worth approximately $40 million.

The man named Jeremy Sturdivant (online name "Jercos") was the person who originally received 10,000 Bitcoins in exchange for two slices of pizza to Hanyecz. The importance of this transaction is that this is the first time in the history of Bitcoin that physical transactions have been carried out, proving that Bitcoin does have the function of price transfer in the real world.

4. Mt. Gox, the largest exchange hacking incident in history

On February 24, 2014, Mt. Gox was the largest Bitcoin exchange at the time. Mark Karpeles, CEO of the exchange, announced his withdrawal from the Bitcoin Foundation in his blog. Subsequent visits to Mt. Gox will only return a blank page.

On February 28, 2014, Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection with the Tokyo District Court. Data from the bankruptcy research institution "Teikoku Databank, Ltd." showed that Mt. Gox was in debt Reaching 6.5 billion yen, the revenue in 2013 was 135 million yen; Imperial Data Research Company stated in a press release that Mt. Gox subsequently discovered that 100,000 of its own Bitcoins and 750,000 user Bitcoins were stolen.

5. The advent of Ethereum

On July 30, 2015, the first Ethereum was officially launched, named Frontier. All the Ethereum promised to early investors was successfully delivered, and developers began to weave their dreams on Ethereum.

Part II—Constantinople of the third version of Ethereum Metropolis will be launched soon (currently postponed to the middle of next year). Although the current price of Ethereum is less than 10% of this year’s high, In the past three years, we have witnessed the innovations that Ethereum has brought to the world: including the Ethereum Virtual Machine, smart contracts, Dapps, permissioned shared ledgers (Permissioned Ledger), etc.

Although Ethereum is facing expansion difficulties and is still waiting for technological updates, in 17 and 18 years, many underlying public chains emerged as application platforms, that is, many competitors of Ethereum, opening up the "multiple "Chain Era". At present, there are many dApp developers who are turning to other public chains due to the limitations of Ethereum's current TPS. Some people believe that the future will be a scenario of "multiple chains in parallel, one for each chain."

E. What is the relationship between blockchain and digital currency

Blockchain refers to a chain connected by a series of data blocks (i.e. blocks). The connection method is : The N+1th block contains the hash value of the Nth block. Moreover, such a chain of data blocks is widely distributed and numerous at the same time.Stored and maintained by huge server nodes, each server node has a complete copy of the blockchain. Digital currency is another form of existence and circulation of legal currency. Compared with the banknotes and coins currently in circulation, digital currency exists in a digital way. The legal existence of digital currency is legal and is based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the underlying technology for digital currency issuance. This is also the most direct relationship between the two. They can exist independently of each other. The content of this article comes from: China Law Press "Financial Code of the People's Republic of China: Application Edition"

F. Is abey currency or something else a lie?

It is not a lie.

aBey blockchain technology is an independent research project of two PhDs in artificial intelligence from the Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics and Informatics, Western University of Timisoara, Romania: Ciprian Pungila & Vorel Negru. Note that it is a blockchain solution that uses constant light block technology and multi-layer programming and expansion.

Notes:

Most of the current mainstream blockchain technologies still have many shortcomings. From a consumption perspective, although well-known cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are called "currencies", they do not have the attribute of "consumption" due to technical hard limitations.

G. What is Blockchain

In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger.

To understand what this means, we first have to look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology started with finance, we will also introduce it below using banks as an example.

The following is our process for using bank debit card transactions:

You can swipe your card to purchase goods in stores.

The merchant sends a statement to your bank for the agreed upon amount.

Your bank will verify that you may have authorized the purchase.

The bank sends the money to the merchant.

Finally, the bank records this information in its ledger.

There’s a lot of technology involved here, but that’s basically it. The last step is important - the bank records all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made.

This ledger is kept, maintained and regulated by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank has complete control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do about it.

Crucially, if hackers were able to access a bank’s ledger, it could cause a lot of problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like certain transactions never occurred, etc.

This is why distributed ledgers are so cool.

Blockchain Network Visualization

If a bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a copy of the ledger, and whenever any member of the bank When they make a purchase, they tell every other member of the bank.

Each member will validate the transaction and add it to the ledger (the added records are called "blocks"). This has some important benefits, as there is no centralized authority that can manipulate records. Hackers accessing one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it.

On the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in financial scenarios).

As mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized list of transactions. If I send Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins, I send a message to everyone in the network saying "I am sending Xiao Ming 2 Bitcoins" and they all record the transaction.

The future of blockchain, how will it change our lives?

One thing that is important about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it.

Blockchain is not just science fiction. We don’t need to understand the mechanism behind this technology, but you do need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years.

This may sound bold, but remember, 20 years ago we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using state-of-the-art Motorola flip phones, and buying our first DVD players. At that time, if we imagined that a computer could be held in our hands and that we could buy cars, make payments, and watch movies, it would have been considered a fantasy.

Although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet, nor as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many worries in daily life. Such as intermediaries cheating people, transaction delays, etc. In our current lives, middlemen are everywhere and we take them for granted as a part of life. If one day these intermediaries cease to exist, you will find that the world will become a different place.

Imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. When one day you can't live without the blockchain just like you can't live without the Internet now, you will be surprised to find that this decentralized accounting technology has simplified the complexity and become a part of your lifestyle

H. What are the three major public chains of blockchain?

Public chain, the abbreviation of public chain, means that anyone in the world can read it, anyone can send transactions and the transactions can be effectively confirmed. Anyone can participateBlockchain for identification process.

1. The top three public chains in the world
BTC, ETH, and EOS (by market capitalization) are three heavyweight products, representing Blockchain 1.0, Blockchain 2.0 and Blockchain 3.0 respectively. Three stage.

1. Bitcoin BTC (Blockchain 1.0)
Bitcoin has emerged as a new type of digital currency and global payment network since its birth in 2009. BTC is also the most successful and mature application of blockchain. , now in many situations, BTC is much more famous than blockchain.

2. Ethereum ETH (Blockchain 2.0)
In layman’s terms, Ethereum is an open source platform digital currency and blockchain platform that provides developers with a platform to build and publish applications on the blockchain. . Ethereum can program, decentralize, guarantee, trade anything, vote domain names, financial exchanges, crowdfunding, company management contracts and most agreements, intellectual property, and hardware-integrated smart assets, etc.

3. Yuzu EOS (Blockchain 3.0)
EOS appears as an enterprise-level blockchain operating system based on Bitcoin and Ethereum, which is easier to use and more powerful than the former. EOS provides all application developers with many functions such as database account permission settings, execution scheduling authentication, and network communication.

2. The world's three major exchange public chains: Huobi Chain, Binance Chain, and OKEx Chain OKChain
1. Developed by Huobi Chain, the world's largest trading platform, Huobi Chain is An independently innovative supervised blockchain operating system for the financial field, based on blockchain global asset digitization and financial market infrastructure. At the same time, based on the consideration of injecting the long-term value of HT into a unified value carrier, HT will serve as the only underlying token of the Huobi public chain.
2. Developed by Binance, the world's second largest trading platform, Binance Chain started early in application and is currently mainly circulated on DEX and asset chains. Binance Chain is a digital asset creation and exchange platform, with BNB as the main chain token
3. Developed by OKEx, the world's third largest trading platform, OKChain is a more scalable, high-transaction processing capability trading and smart contract platform, OKChain Developed based on Cosmos-SDK, the consensus uses DPOS. OKB is the underlying token of the OKEx ecosystem.

I. What is the concept of blockchain

Concept: Blockchain is a new application of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, etc. model.

The essence of the blockchain is a distributed public ledger. Anyone can verify this ledger, but no single user can control it. A letter in which participants in a blockchain system jointly maintain a ledger: it can onlyModifications are made according to strict rules and consensus.

The development of blockchain has gone through three stages:

1. Incubation period: 2009-2012, the economic form was dominated by Bitcoin and its industrial ecology.

2. Embryonic period: The period is from 2012 to 2015. Blockchain entered the public eye with Bitcoin, new wallet payment and remittance companies appeared, and the blockchain economy spread to the financial field. The underlying technology of blockchain continues to innovate. Blockchain technology is divorced from the Bitcoin system.

3. Development period: In 2016, industry applications began to be explored, and a large number of blockchain startups emerged. The popularity of ICO in 2017 brought unprecedented attention to blockchain.

(9) Is OPEN a blockchain? Extended reading:

Three characteristics of three blockchains:

1. The core idea of ​​the blockchain is decentralization: in the blockchain system, the rights and obligations between any nodes are equal, and all nodes have the ability to vote with computing power, thus ensuring recognition. The result is recognized by more than half of the nodes. Even if it suffers a severe hacker attack, as long as the number of nodes controlled by the hacker does not exceed half of the total number of global nodes, the system will still be able to operate normally and the data will not be tampered with.

2. The biggest disruption of blockchain lies in the establishment of credit: in theory, blockchain technology can make WeChat Pay and Alipay no longer valuable. "The Economist" gave a vivid metaphor to the blockchain: simply put, it is "a machine that creates trust." Blockchain allows people to collaborate without trusting each other and without a neutral central authority. Combating counterfeit currency and financial fraud will no longer be needed in the future.

3. The collective maintenance of blockchain can reduce costs: In a centralized network system, the maintenance and operation of the system rely on the operation, maintenance and operation of platforms such as data centers, and costs cannot be omitted. Anyone can participate in the nodes of the blockchain. While participating in the recording, each node also verifies the correctness of the recording results of other nodes, which improves maintenance efficiency and reduces costs.

In one sentence, blockchain touches money, trust and power, which are the fundamental foundations on which human beings rely for survival.

J. On April 20, which section of the new infrastructure of the National Development and Reform Commission included blockchain for the first time?

Including blockchain, Internet of Things technology innovation and other content.
1. Based on relevant public information inquiries, at the press conference of the National Development and Reform Commission on April 20, 2020, officials clarified the scope of new infrastructure for the first time, which includes three aspects: information infrastructure, converged infrastructure, and innovative infrastructure.
2. Information infrastructure includes communication network infrastructure represented by 5g, Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, and Satellite Internet, new technology infrastructure represented by artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, etc., and data Computing infrastructure represented by centers and intelligent computing centers, etc., integrated infrastructure including intelligent transportation infrastructure, smart energyInfrastructure, etc., and innovation infrastructure include major scientific and technological infrastructure, science and education infrastructure, industrial technology innovation infrastructure, etc.