区块链公有链和基础链,区块链的公有链

㈠ What is the public chain in the blockchain?

Blockchains include public blockchains, joint (industry) blockchains, and private blockchains. Public chain peer-to-peer electronic cash system: Bitcoin, smart contracts and decentralized application platform: Ethereum.

Blockchain is a new application model of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and encryption algorithm.

Blockchain is an important concept of Bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, it is a series of cryptographic methods related to each other. Each data block generated contains a batch of Bitcoin network transaction information, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

(1) Extended reading of blockchain basic chain public chain

According to the different degrees of centralization of the blockchain network, there are three types of blockchains in different application scenarios:

1. Blockchains that are open to the entire network and have no user authorization mechanism , called a public chain;

2. Allow authorized nodes to join the network and view information based on permissions. It is often used in inter-organizational blockchains, called alliance chains or industry chains;

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3. All nodes in the network are in the hands of an organization, which is called a private chain.

Consortium chains and private chains are also collectively called permissioned chains, and public chains are called non-permissioned chains.

Blockchain Characteristics

1. Decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes self-verification, transmission and management of information through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain.

2. Openness. The foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of the transaction parties being encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface. Therefore, the entire System information is highly transparent.

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as the hash algorithm used by Bitcoin), the entire blockchain system does not rely on other third parties. All nodes can automatically and securely verify and exchange data within the system without the need for any human intervention.

4. Security. As long as you cannot control 51% of all data nodes, you cannot manipulate and modify network data at will. This makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes.

5. Anonymity. Unless required by legal regulations, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transfer can be carried out anonymously.

㈡ What is a public chain and what are its uses

Public Blockchain), also known as "public chain", refers to the consensus blockchain that anyone in the world has the authority to read, send and obtain effective confirmation. It can anonymously access the network without registration or authorization, and has the characteristics of decentralization, neutrality, openness, and non-tamperability. It is suitable for virtual currency, Internet finance and other fields.

It can be said that the public blockchain is the earliest blockchain in the world.

Currently, most blockchain projects use EOS, Ethereum and Bitcoin blockchains as the main public chains. By creating a developer-friendly blockchain underlying platform, these public chains support allowing anyone to build and use decentralized applications running on blockchain technology in the platform, allowing users to create complex operations according to their own wishes. Provides underlying templates for developing dAPPs.

The key to ensuring the stable operation of the public chain lies in a specific consensus mechanism. For example, the Bitcoin blockchain is maintained by the proof-of-work mechanism (PoW), and Ethereum relies on the proof-of-stake mechanism (PoS). They exist as a combination of economic rewards (Tokens) and encrypted digital verification. Further explanation: Token will encourage people to actively participate in the maintenance of nodes and jointly maintain the security of data on the chain, and these maintained blockchains are usually considered "completely decentralized".

So, what are the advantages of public chains? What does it do?

1. Public chains can protect users’ rights and interests from the influence of program developers

In public chains, program developers have no right to interfere with users, so public chains can protect users. User Rights of the Program. In addition, highly decentralized distributed data storage is also one of the biggest features of public chains. The advantages of open and transparent transaction data and the inability to tamper with data enable public chains to effectively protect users' data security.

2． Public chains can produce network effects

An information product has an inherent need for interconnection, because the purpose of people producing and using them is to better collect and exchange information. As the scale of the network expands, users can obtain more value from it and their needs are better met. The shared chain is open, so it has the opportunity to be applied by many external users and produce a certain degree of network effect.

In other words, as the scale of the public chain network expands, the number of users continues to increase, and the network effect continues to increase.

3. Public chains can be applied in actual business scenarios

In addition to financial applications, any application scenario that requires higher trust, security and durability, such as 3.0 era applications such as asset registration, voting, management, and the Internet of Things will be affected by public chains on a large scale.

In short, the underlying public chain isEquivalent to the infrastructure of the blockchain world, solutions are used to expand the performance of the underlying public chain or provide service support for commercial applications. Only on the basis of the solid, stable and efficient operation of the underlying public chain can blockchain commercial applications be developed and implemented. The importance and necessity of the public chain in the entire blockchain field, the development space and demand are very large. However, it still takes some time to correctly distinguish its advantages and problems and to explore application areas in a down-to-earth manner.

㈢What is the public chain in the blockchain?

The public chain is also called the "public chain", which means that anyone in the world can enter the system at any time to read data, Send a blockchain that confirms transactions and competes for accounting. Public blockchains are generally considered "completely decentralized" because no individual or institution can control or tamper with the reading and writing of data in it. In terms of application, public blockchain chains mainly include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Hyperledger, most altcoins, and smart contracts. The ancestor of the public blockchain chain is the Bitcoin blockchain, which has the following characteristics ：

1. The code is open source

The code is uploaded to github, and everyone can download the complete blockchain data and accept the test of the public.

2. Complete decentralization

Anyone can become a node, every node is public, everyone can participate in the calculation of the blockchain, and any node can It is not permanent, but periodic, and no center is mandatory for nodes. Anyone can read and send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed on the blockchain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. The consensus process determines which block can be added to the blockchain, and its exact current state. Everyone can receive financial rewards, proportional to their contribution in the consensus process. These public chains are often considered to be “completely decentralized.”

3. Develop decentralized applications

Program developers can easily develop decentralized applications through this public chain. Public chains can protect users’ rights and interests from the influence of program developers.

㈣ Chain classification of blockchain

Two days ago, a friend asked a lot of questions about blockchain on WeChat. One of the questions is How to classify this chain of blockchain. Blockchain can currently be divided into four categories: public chain, private chain, alliance chain and side chain. Beijing Muqi Mobile Technology Co., Ltd., a professional blockchain outsourcing development company, welcomes discussions for cooperation. The following will help you understand the characteristics of these blockchain chains and how to apply them. I hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Public chain - everyone can participate

Public chain means that anyone can read it, anyone can send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed A blockchain in which anyone can participate in the consensus process.

The public chain adopts a proof-of-work mechanism (POW), Proof of Equity Mechanism (POS), Proof of Share Delegation Mechanism (DPOS), etc., and combines economic rewards with encrypted digital verification, and establishes a principle that the economic rewards that everyone can obtain are proportional to the workload. These blockchains are often considered to be completely decentralized.

Features:

1. Open source, because the operating rules of the entire system are open and transparent, this system is an open source system; 2. Protect users from the influence of developers, in the public domain Program developers in the chain have no right to interfere with users, so the blockchain can protect users who use the programs they develop; 3. The access threshold is low and anyone with sufficient technical capabilities can access it, that is, as long as there is a computer that can connect to the Internet Computers can meet the access conditions; 4. All data is public by default, although all associated participants hide their true identities. This phenomenon is very common. They generate their own security through their public nature, where every participant can see all account balances and all their transaction activity.

Case: There are many familiar figures in the public chain: BTC, ETH, EOS, AE, ADA, etc.

2. Private chain - rights are in the hands of a few people

A private chain refers to a blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read permissions are either open to the public or arbitrarily restricted. Relevant applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases it is desirable to have public auditability, in many cases public readability is not necessary.

Features:

1. Fast transaction speed. The transaction speed of a private chain can be faster than any other blockchain, or even close to not being a blockchain. the speed of a conventional database. This is because even a small number of nodes have a high degree of trust, and each node does not need to verify a transaction. 2. Good privacy, giving better privacy protection The private chain makes the data privacy policy on that blockchain exactly the same as in another database; there is no need to deal with access permissions and use all the old methods, but at least it says , this data is not publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. 3. Low transaction costs. Transaction costs are significantly reduced or even zero. Transactions can be carried out completely free or at least very cheaply on the private chain. If one entity controlled and processed all transactions, they would no longer need to charge fees for their work.

Case: The Linux Foundation, R3CEV Corda platform, and Gem Health network’s Hyperledger project are either developing or using private chains.

3. Alliance chain——Partial decentralization

The degree of openness and decentralization of the alliance chain is limited. The participants are screened out in advance or designated directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system like the write permission.

Features:

1. Low transaction costs, transactions only need to be verified by a few trusted high-computing nodes without the need for confirmation by the entire network; 2. Nodes Easy to connect, if something goes wrong, the consortium chain can be quickly repaired through manual intervention, and allows the use of consensus algorithms to reduce block times, thereby completing transactions faster; 3. Flexible, if necessary, run a private blockchain community or Companies can easily modify the rules of this blockchain, revert transactions, modify balances, etc.

Case: Ripple has established an alliance chain for international remittances between Japan and South Korea and inter-bank remittances in Japan. At the same time, Xunlei Link, which has been popular for a while, is also a semi-open alliance chain.

4. Side chain - extended protocol

Strictly speaking, "side chain" is not a blockchain itself, but can be understood as an extension of the blockchain. Protocol. The early "side chain" was to solve the limitations of Bitcoin blockchain technology. Side chains are like pathways that connect different blockchains to each other to achieve the expansion of the blockchain. Side chains Completely independent of the Bitcoin blockchain, but the two ledgers can "interoperate" and interact.

Features:

1. Independence, side chain The advantage of the architecture is that the code and data are independent, which does not increase the burden on the main chain and avoid excessive data expansion. The side chain has an independent blockchain, an independent trustee or witness, and an independent node network, that is, a The blocks generated by the side chain will only be broadcast among all nodes where the side chain is installed. 2. Flexibility. All blockchain parameters of the side chain can be customized, such as block intervals and block rewards. , the whereabouts of transaction fees, etc., advanced users can also modify the consensus algorithm.

Case: LSK, RDN, ARDR and other currencies use side chain technology.

For the current In the entire digital currency field, this year may still be a competition for the underlying public chain projects. The reason is that the current public chain as the infrastructure of the blockchain still has obvious shortcomings, and it is still unable to achieve true security, reliability and efficiency. This is also It obviously restricts the development of the entire blockchain industry.

㈤ What are the three major public chains of blockchain?

Public chain, the abbreviation of public chain, means that it can be read by anyone in the world Anyone can send transactions and the transactions can be effectively confirmed. Anyone can participate in the consensus process of the blockchain.

1. The top three public chains in the world
BTC, ETH, and EOS (by market capitalization) are three heavyweight products, representing the three stages of Blockchain 1.0, Blockchain 2.0, and Blockchain 3.0 respectively.

1. Bitcoin BTC (Blockchain 1.0)
Bitcoin has emerged as a new type of digital currency and global payment network since its birth in 2009. BTC is also the most successful and mature application of blockchain. , now in many situations, BTC is much more famous than blockchain.

2. Ethereum ETH (Blockchain 2.0)
In layman’s terms, Ethereum is an open source platform digital currency and blockchain platform that provides developers with a platform to build and publish applications on the blockchain. . Ethereum can program, decentralize, guarantee, trade anything, vote domain names, financial exchanges, crowdfunding, company management contracts and most agreements, intellectual property, and hardware-integrated smart assets, etc.

3. Yuzu EOS (Blockchain 3.0)
EOS appears as an enterprise-level blockchain operating system based on Bitcoin and Ethereum, which is easier to use and more powerful than the former. EOS provides all application developers with many functions such as database account permission settings, execution scheduling authentication, and network communication.

2. The world's three major exchange public chains: Huobi Chain, Binance Chain, and OKEx Chain OKChain
1. Developed by Huobi Chain, the world's largest trading platform, Huobi Chain is An independently innovative supervised blockchain operating system for the financial field, based on blockchain global asset digitization and financial market infrastructure. At the same time, based on the consideration of injecting the long-term value of HT into a unified value carrier, HT will serve as the only underlying token of the Huobi public chain.
2. Developed by Binance, the world's second largest trading platform, Binance Chain started early in application and is currently mainly circulated on DEX and asset chains. Binance Chain is a digital asset creation and exchange platform, with BNB as the main chain token
3. Developed by OKEx, the world's third largest trading platform, OKChain is a more scalable, high-transaction processing capability trading and smart contract platform, OKChain Developed based on Cosmos-SDK, the consensus uses DPOS. OKB is the underlying token of the OKEx ecosystem.

㈥ What are the three major public chains of blockchain

The three major public chains of blockchain refer to BTC, ETH, and ADA
The public chains of blockchain are also It is called a blockchain public chain. The public chain means that anyone can read the data in the system at any time. Public chains are often completely decentralized. This feature allows everyone and institutions to The data on the chain cannot be controlled or tampered with.
Extended information:
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. Essentially, it is a shared database stored inThe data or information in it has the characteristics of "unforgeable", "leaving traces throughout the entire process", "traceable", "open and transparent" and "collectively maintained". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid foundation of "trust" and created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, which has broad application prospects.
Types
1. Public Blockchains
Public Block Chains means: any individual or group in the world can send transactions, and the transactions can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain , anyone can participate in its consensus process. The public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on the public blockchain. There is only one blockchain corresponding to this currency in the world. .
2. Consortium (Industry) Blockchains
Industry Blockchains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple preselected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block is generated by all preselected nodes. Nodes jointly decide (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process), other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting, how many pre-selected nodes, how to decide each The bookkeeper of the block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain), and anyone else can conduct limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.
3. Private Blockchain
Private Block Chains: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual, and the blockchain can be used exclusively With write permissions, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions. Traditional finance is trying to experiment with private blockchains, while applications of public blockchains such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and application products of private blockchains are still being explored.

㈦ What are the common basic types of blockchains

Common blockchain types include public chains, private chains, alliance chains, permissioned chains, hybrid chains, complex chains and others Some sayings.

Public chain: The so-called public chain is a block in which anyone can read and send transactions, and the transactions can receive relevant and effective confirmation, and everyone can participate in the consensus process. Chain, the consensus process determines which blocks can be added to the blockchain, while clarifying the current state.

The public chain has the following characteristics:

1. It can protect users from the influence of developers. In the public chain, program developers have no right to interfere with users, and the blockchain can protect users.

2. The threshold for access is low. Anyone can access the public chain, and only a computer that can connect to the Internet is needed to meet the most basic access conditions.

3. All data is public by default. In the public chain, every participant can see all transaction records in the entire distributed ledger.

OthersStatement: In the classification of blockchain, in addition to the ones mentioned above, there are several other statements: permissioned chain, hybrid chain and complex chain.

Permissioned chain refers to a blockchain system in which each node requires special permission to join. Both private chains and consortium chains are permissioned chains. With the continuous popularization of blockchain technology, the technical architecture of blockchain is no longer simply divided into private chains and public chains, and the boundaries between the two are becoming increasingly blurred. Against this background, the concepts of complex chains and hybrid chains were born.

㈧ Explanation of terms blockchain

Blockchain is explained as follows:

Blockchain is actually equivalent to a disintermediated database, which is composed of Composed of string data blocks. Each of its data blocks contains information about a Bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block.

In a narrow sense, blockchain is a chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be inextricable. Tamper-proof and unforgeable distributed ledger.

Type

Public Blockchain

Public Block Chains: Any individual or group in the world Transactions can be sent and effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in its consensus process.

Public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain. The virtual digital currencies of all major bitcoins series are based on public blockchains. There is only one such blockchain in the world. The blockchain corresponding to the currency.

Industry Block Chains

Industry Block Chains (Consortium Block Chains): Multiple pre-selected nodes are designated within a certain group as bookkeepers, and each block is generated by All pre-selected nodes make a joint decision (pre-selected nodes participate in the consensus process);

Other access nodes can participate in transactions, but do not participate in the accounting process (it is essentially still managed accounting, but becomes distributed accounting) , the number of pre-selected nodes, how to decide the bookkeeper of each block has become the main risk point of the blockchain), anyone else can make limited queries through the open API of the blockchain.

Private Block Chains

Private Block Chains: Only use the general ledger technology of the blockchain for accounting. It can be a company or an individual. With exclusive write access to the blockchain, this chain is not much different from other distributed storage solutions.

Traditional finance is trying to experiment with private blockchains, while public chain applications such as Bitcoin have been industrialized, and private chain application products are still being explored.